一切經音義 33

English (machine translation) 33

Language: English

33.1

Compiled by Huilin, Tripiṭaka-Translating Śramaṇa

Mahāyāna Sutra on the Merit of Making Images, two fascicles, Huilin;
Sutra of the Collection of the Six Perfections, eight fascicles, Xuanying;
Sutra on Prince Sudāna, one fascicle, Xuanying;
Sutra of the Nine-Coloured Deer, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra of the Bodhisattva Śyāma, one fascicle, Xuanying;
Sutra of Śyāma, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra on Prince Mūkapauka, one fascicle, Xuanying;
Sutra on Prince Mūkapauka, one fascicle, Huilin;
Wordless Precious Casket Sutra, one fascicle, Huilin;
Mahāyāna Sutra on Transcending Words, one fascicle, Huilin;
Mahāyāna Sutra of Universally Illuminating Light, one fascicle, none;
Sutra of the Old Woman, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra of the Old Mother, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra on the Six Flowers of the Old Mother, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra of the Elder Śrīgupta, one fascicle, Xuanying;
Sutra of the Youth Candraprabha, one fascicle, Xuanying;
Sutra on the Son of Sun-Day, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra on the Elder's Son Zhi, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra on Bodhisattva Shi, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra on the Youth Shi, one fascicle, Huilin;
Mañjuśrī's Questions on Bodhi Sutra, one fascicle, Huilin;
Gayāśīrṣa Sutra, one fascicle, Huilin;
Elephant-Head Monastery Sutra, one fascicle, Huilin;
Mahāyāna Gayāśīrṣa Sutra, one fascicle, Huilin;
Vatsa Sutra, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra of the Milk-Light Buddha, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra of the Maiden Vimalabhadrikā, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra of the Maiden in the Womb Listening to the Dharma, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra on What Has Never Been Before (Adbhutadharma), one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra on the Extremely Rare, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra on the Transformation of the Female Body, one fascicle, Huilin;
Anuttarāśraya Sutra, two fascicles, Huilin;
Sutra on the Definitive Dhāraṇī, one fascicle, Huilin;
Sutra on Slandering the Buddha, one fascicle, Huilin;
Ratnarāśi Samādhi Sutra, one fascicle, Huilin.
The above thirty-five sutras in forty-four fascicles share the phonetic glosses of this fascicle.

33.3

Sutra on the Merit of Making Images in the Mahāyāna, Spoken by the Buddha, Upper Fascicle

33.4

Sounds [and Meanings] by Huilin

33.5

殞墜 (perishing and falling down; the first character is 筠菌反; the second character is 椎類反; the Shenglei states that 殞 means to perish; 隕 means to fall; Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Classic of Documents states, 'As if falling into a deep spring'; the Shuowen jiezi states that it takes the 'death' (歺) radical with 員 as phonetic; or written with the 'mound' (𨸏) radical as 隕, not using 歺 which has the sound of can (ruin); the Wenzidian shuo states that 墜 means falling from on high; it takes the 'mound' (𨸏) radical with 遂 abbreviated as phonetic; [隊-(阿-可)] is pronounced 遂; also written as 隊).

33.6

黯如 (pitch-black as; the first character is 鴨檻反; Wang Su's commentary on the Kongzi Jiayu states that 黯 is the appearance of blackness; the Shuowen jiezi states that 黯 is the appearance of deep darkness; it takes the 'black' (黑) radical with 音 as phonetic).

33.7

瞬頃 (in the blink of an eye; the first character is 輸閏反; Lüshi Chunqiu states, 'Ten thousand generations are like a single blink', which is an instance of this; the Shuowen jiezi states that 瞬 means the frequent fluttering of opening and closing the eyes; it takes the 'eye' (目) radical with 舜 as phonetic; or written with 寅 as 瞚).

33.8

旭日 (rising sun; the first character is 吁玉反; the Mao Commentary on the Classic of Poetry states that 旭 refers to the moment when the sun first emerges at dawn; the Shuowen jiezi states that 旭 is the appearance of the sun about to rise; it takes the 'sun' (日) radical with 九 as phonetic).

33.9

繽紛 (profuse and swirling; the first character is 匹賓反; the second character is 忿文反; already fully explained previously under the Sutra on Maitreya's Descent to Attain Buddhahood).

33.10

雲𪾼 (cloud-veiled; the second character is 繄計反; the Erya states that cloudiness with wind is called 壹 (yì); the Classic of Poetry states, 'The sun is overcast (曀)', which is this; the Shuowen jiezi states that it takes the 'sun' (日) radical with 壹 as phonetic; 繄 is pronounced 𪾼兮反).

33.11

Lower Fascicle

33.12

繪飾 (painted decoration; the first character is 迴外反; Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Classic of Documents states that 繪 means embroidering with the five colours joined together; Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Analects states that 繪 means painted patterns; the Shuowen jiezi states that it takes the 'silk' (糸) radical with 會 as phonetic; the sutra writing it with 貴 as 繢 is pronounced 逵位反, meaning leftover woven fabric, which is not the meaning of the sutra; the second character is 昇織反; the Kaosheng states that it means decoration; the Wenzidian shuo states that it means ornamentation; it takes the 'towel' (巾) radical with 飤 as phonetic; 飤 is pronounced 似).

33.13

盲眇 (blind and one-eyed; the first character is 莫耕反; the Shuowen jiezi states that having no pupils in the eyes is called 盲; it takes the 'eye' (目) radical with 亡 as phonetic; 眸 is pronounced 牟; the second character is 綿小反; the Book of Changes states, 'One who is one-eyed (眇) can still see, but not enough for clear vision'; the Shuowen jiezi states that it means small eyes; it takes the 'eye' (目) radical with 少 as phonetic).

33.14

聾聵 (deaf and dull of hearing; the first character is 祿東反; the Zuo zhuan states, 'When the ear does not hear the harmony of the five tones, that is 聾 (deafness)'; the Cang Jie Pian states that 聾 means the ears cannot hear; the Shuowen jiezi also states that it means not hearing; it takes the 'ear' (耳) radical with 龍 as phonetic; the second character is 頑恠反; the Guoyu states, 'The deaf and the dull of hearing cannot be made to listen'; Jia [Kui's] commentary states that being born deaf is called 聵; the Wenzidian shuo states that it takes the 'ear' (耳) radical with 貴 as phonetic).

33.15

喎斜 (crooked and askew; the first character is 苦乖反, and also pronounced 誇; the Kaosheng states that 喎 means slanted and twisted; the Shuowen jiezi states that it takes the 'mouth' (口) radical with 咼 as phonetic; 咼 is pronounced 𰍏).

33.16

皴歰 (cracked and rough; the first character is 七旬反; the Picang states that 皴 means chapped; Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Shanhaijing states that 皵 means chapped skin; the Gujin zhengzi states that it takes the 'skin' (皮) radical with an abbreviated 俊 as phonetic; the second character is 參立反; already explained previously under the Sutra on Delighting in the Garland of Adornments).

33.17

瘤癭 (tumours and goitres; the first character is pronounced 留; Gu Yewang states that 廇 means swollen lumps that do not disperse; the Biographies of Exemplary Women states, 'In Qi there was a woman with a chronic tumour', which is an instance of this; the second character is 瓔郢反; the Shuowen jiezi states that it means a neck swelling; both take the 'sickness' (疒) radical, with 留 and 嬰 as phonetics).

33.18

傴僂 (hunchbacked; the first character is 紆禹反; the second character is 力主反; already explained previously under the Sutra of the Great-Majestic Light-Lamp Sage Resolving Doubts).

33.19

斑駁 (mottled and spotted; the first character is 八蠻反; the second character is 邦邈反; the Book of Han states that an intermixture of white and black is called 駁; the Shuowen jiezi states that 駁 means an impure colour; it takes the 'horse' (馬) radical with 爻 as phonetic; 爻 is pronounced 効交反; the sutra writing it with 交 as 駮 is a vulgar character).

33.20

癵跛 (crippled and lame; the first character is 劣袁反; the Shenglei states that 癵 is an illness; the Kaosheng states that it is a disease of the hands and feet; the Shuowen jiezi states that it takes the 'sickness' (疒) radical with 臠 as phonetic; the second character is 波可反; the Kaosheng states that 跛 means limping; the Shuowen jiezi states that it means walking unevenly; it takes the 'foot' (足) radical with an abbreviated 波 as phonetic).

33.21

傭長 (evenly tall; the first character is 寵龍反; the Mao Commentary on the Classic of Poetry states that 傭 means even; Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya states that 傭 means equal and uniform; the Shuowen jiezi states that 庸 means even and straight; it takes the 'person' (人) radical with 庸 as phonetic).

33.22

癀瘧 (jaundice and malaria; the first character is [禾*(竺-二+隻)]光反; the Kaosheng states that 癀 is a disease; the second character is 仰略反; the Rites of Zhou states, 'In autumn there are malarial chills'; the Monthly Ordinances states, 'When cold and heat are unregulated, many people suffer from malaria'; the Wenzidian shuo states that 虐 means a disease of alternating chills and fever; it takes the 'sickness' (疒) radical with 虐; 虐 also stands for malaria).

33.23

癈瘕 (crippling debility and visceral masses; the first character is 甫吠反; Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Book of Rites states that 癈 means being disabled from human affairs; the Shuowen jiezi states that 癈 means an intractable chronic illness; it takes the 'sickness' (疒) radical with 發 as phonetic; the second character is 赫加反; Zheng [Xuan's] supplementary notes to the Classic of Poetry states that 瘕 means a disease; Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Shanhaijing states that 瘕 is a lung disease; the Shuowen jiezi states that it takes the 'sickness' (疒) radical with 叚 as phonetic).

33.24

痿躄 (paralysed and crippled; the first character is 委歸反; Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Book of Rites states that 痿 means a yellowing disease; the Cang Jie Pian states that 痿 means unable to walk; the Shuowen jiezi states that it means paralysis; it takes the 'sickness' (疒) radical with 委 as phonetic; or written with 歺 as [(餐-食)-又+委]; 歺 is pronounced can; the second character is 并亦反; Gu Yewang states that 躄 means one leg is withered and unable to walk; the Shuowen jiezi states that 躄 means a person cannot walk; it takes the 'foot' (足) radical with 辟 as phonetic; the Kaosheng notes that it is also interchangeably written with 止 as 𣦢).

33.25

迸石 (bursting stones; the first character is 擘孟反; the Picang states that 迸 means to scatter and run; the Shuowen jiezi states that 迸 means to disperse; it takes the 'movement' (辵) radical with 并 as phonetic; 辵 is pronounced 丑略反; the Kaosheng notes that writing it with the 'foot' radical as 跰 is also used identically).

33.26

頑鈍 (obstinate and dull; the first character is 五關反; the second character is 䐁嫰反; the Zuo zhuan states, 'One whose heart cannot fathom the norms of virtue and righteousness is called obstinate (頑)'; the Guangya states that 頑 also means dull; the Cang Jie Pian states that 鈍 means obstinate; Huainanzi states that 鈍 means dark and turbid discernment; the Shuowen jiezi states that 頑 takes the 'head' (頁) radical with 元 as phonetic, and 鈍 takes the 'metal' (金) radical with 屯 as phonetic).

33.27

Sutra of the Collection of the Six Perfections, Fascicle 1

33.28

Sounds [and Meanings] by Xuanying

33.29

眾祐 (the protector of all; [the fanqie is] 干救反; a title of the World-Honoured One, signifying that he possesses manifold virtues and protects himself; 祐 is like 'to assist'; in Sanskrit it is *Bhagavān*, correctly transcribed as *Bhagavat*).

33.30

瘡瘳 (sores healing; [the fanqie is] 勅流反; the Classic of Documents states, 'The King recovered (瘳) the next day'; 瘳 is like 'to improve' or 'to recover').

33.31

貧寠 (destitute and impoverished; [the fanqie is] 瞿矩反; the Classic of Poetry states, 'Enduring hardship and poverty'; the commentary states that 寠 means lacking propriety; the character dictionaries state that 寠 means destitute; the San Cang states that lacking the wealth to provide for rites is called 寠).

33.32

鱣魚 (sturgeon; both ancient and modern times treat it as identical to 䱳; [the fanqie is] 知連反; it is a large yellow fish; its mouth is beneath its chin, and large ones are twenty to thirty feet long).

33.33

溝港 (streams and waterways; [the fanqie is] 古項反; this refers to the stream-enterer (srotāpanna); here it is called 'entering the stream' or 'reaching the stream'; the current phrasing of 'streams and waterways' is borrowed from places where water flows).

33.34

頻來 (once-returner [sakṛdāgāmin]; this should be an error; it ought properly to be 頓來 ('returning once')).

33.35

侻憶 (mindful and fitting; [the fanqie is] 他活反; the Guangya states that 侻 means suitable).

33.36

窠藪 (nests and lairs; written as 薖 in the Shenglei; pronounced the same; [the fanqie is] 口和反; the character dictionaries state that 窠 means a nest; in the sutra text it is written erroneously as 𲉼).

33.37

德韜 (virtue concealed; [the fanqie is] 土勞反; 鞱 means to hide away; the Shuowen jiezi states that it is a sword sheath).

33.38

毒鴆 (venomous zhen-bird; the second character is 除禁反; as large as an eagle, purplish-green in colour, with a long neck and red beak; it eats snakes, and if its feather is drawn through wine, anyone who drinks it immediately dies).

33.39

蕃屏 (protective screen; [the fanqie is] 府袁反; the Cang Jie Pian states that 蕃 means to screen; 屏 means a wall; 藩 means a hedge; the Rites of Zhou states that outside the Nine Provinces are the tributary screen states (藩國)).

33.40

灼熱 (scorching heat; [the fanqie is] 之若反; the Guangya states that 灼 means hot; 灼灼 means bright).

33.41

Fascicle 2

33.42

遁邁 (fleeing away; also written as 遯, pronounced the same; [the fanqie is] 徒頓反; the Guangya states that 遁 means to avoid; 遁 means to depart; the Shuowen jiezi states that 遁 means to relocate, as well as to withdraw, return, or hide; the second character is 莫介反; the Guangya states that 邁 means to go; the Shuowen jiezi states that it means to travel far).

33.43

無恙 (free from illness and worry; [the fanqie is] 餘向反; the Erya states that 恙 means sorrow; Guo Pu states that people today say 無恙 to mean free from sorrow).

33.44

噢咿 [Groaning and sighing] (The first character has the fanqie 于 + 六; the second has 于 + 祇. The Picang says: "Internal grief; it is also the sound of grieving in pain." In the sutra text it is written as 哊喐, both shapes of which are incorrect.)

33.45

㖑言 [Angry shouting] (The fanqie is 呼 + 戒. The Yunji says: "㖑 means to scold." The Cang Jie pian says: "The gloss defines it as 欵, an angry sound." The Tongsu wen says: "Written as 䛥, meaning loud speaking, like 㖑咄 or calling out 㖑, which are both of this sort.")

33.46

斃鬼 [Slain ghost] (The Shuowen says it is also the character 弊, with the fanqie 脾 + 世. 弊 means to collapse, to tumble down, or to cut off.)

33.47

非跖 [Not the sole of the foot] (The fanqie is 之 + 石. The Shuowen says: "The bottom of the foot." Today it is generally written as 蹠.)

33.48

聒耳 [Deafening the ears] (The fanqie is 公 + 活. It means clamorous and clammy. The Cang Jie pian says: "To disturb the ear canals." The Guangya says: "聒 means to alarm.")

33.49

鞅掌 [Overwhelmed with business] (The fanqie is 於 + 兩. The Shijing says: "The king's affairs are 鞅掌." The Commentary says: "Losing composure." The Sub-commentary says: "鞅 means carrying on the back, that is, holding up in front; it means shouldering and holding up, running in flustered haste and losing proper demeanor.")

33.50

訣辭 [Parting words] (The fanqie is 古 + 穴. The Tongsu wen says: "Parting from the dead is called 訣." The Zilüe says: "訣 means to sever.")

33.51

德徽 [Virtue's excellence] (The fanqie is 虛 + 歸. The Erya says: "徽 means good." The Shangshu says: "Carefully徽 the five canons." Wang Su says: "徽 means admirable.")

33.52

憧憧 [Restless coming and going] (The fanqie is 昌 + 恭. The Shuowen says: "憧憧 means the mind is unsettled." The Guangya says: "憧憧 means coming and going." The character is written with the element 童. In the sutra text it is written with 心 and 重 as 𢝆, but this character is not the same as 憧. The Shuowen says: "𢝆 means slow." 𢝆 does not have this meaning here.)

33.53

湩流 [Flowing milk] (The fanqie is 竹 + 用. The Tongsu wen says: "The fluid of milk is called 湩." South of the Yangtze today, milk is also called 湩.)

33.54

砰然 [With a crash] (Also written as 并; the fanqie is 披 + 萠. The character dictionaries say: "A loud sound of shattering.")

33.55

授啖 [Given to eat] (Also written as 噉; the two fanqie are 達 + 濫 and 達 + 敢. The Guangya says: "啖 means to eat." The Shuowen says: "啖 means to chew; it also means to feed to someone.")

33.56

巉巖 [Towering crags] (The fanqie is 仕 + 街. The Guangya says: "巉巖 means towering; it also means rugged and precipitous amid the mountains." In the sutra text it is written as 岑 with the fanqie 仕 + 金; 岑崟 means towering.)

33.57

孫勦 [Agile and swift] (The Shuowen writes it as [(魅-ㄙ)-未+堯]; the fanqie is 仕 + 交, meaning nimble and quick. The Guangya says: "[(魅-ㄙ)-未+堯] means nimble." The Shenglei says: "[(魅-ㄙ)-未+堯] means swift." In the sutra text it is written as 㑿, which is incorrect.)

33.58

戢藏 [To put away and store] (The fanqie is 側 + 立. The Shuowen says: "To store away weapons." 戢 means to gather in or collect.)

33.59

Fascicle Three

33.60

惴惴 [Trembling with fear] (The fanqie is 之 + 睡. The Erya says: "惴惴 means fearful." Guo's commentary says: "惴 denotes perilous fear.")

33.61

恰恰 [Meticulously] (The fanqie is 苦 + 洽. 恰恰 describes applying one's mind carefully.)

33.62

行嬖 [Practicing favoritism] (The fanqie is 補 + 詣. The Guangya says: "嬖 means intimate, that is, favored intimately; 嬖 means beloved." The Shifa says: "One who is lowly yet gains love is called 嬖." The Shiming says: "嬖 means lowly; one of humble status who flatters and charms, serving others with physical beauty to gain favor, is called 嬖.")

33.63

隕下 [To fall down] (The fanqie is 于 + 愍. The Erya says: "愪 means to fall, that is, to drop down and be ruined.")

33.64

Fascicle Four

33.65

爼醢 [Meat stand and minced pickled meat] (The first character has the fanqie 側 + 呂; the character dictionaries say: "A meat table." The second character has the fanqie 呼 + 改; the Erya says: "Minced meat is called 醢." Guo's commentary says: "That is meat paste.")

33.66

饕餮 [Gluttonous beasts] (In ancient script they are written as 䬢 and 叨; the fanqie of the first is 討 + 高; the second is also written as 𩚎 with the fanqie 天 + 結. The Shuowen says: "Greedy." Furthermore, being greedy for wealth is called 饕; being greedy for food is called 餮.)

33.67

嬖妾 [Favored concubine] (Already explained above in Fascicle Three. In the sutra text it is written with the grass radical as 𭒯, which is incorrect.)

33.68

糅毒 [Mingled with poison] (In ancient script written as 粈 and䏔; the fanqie is 而 + 救. The Tongsu wen says: "Food mixed together is called 糅.")

33.69

熇即 [Scorching heat] (The fanqie is 許 + 酷. The Picang says: "The appearance of heat." 熇熇 means intensely red and blazing.)

33.70

仇憾 [Resentment and grudge] (In ancient script the first is written as 述; its pronunciation is like 舊, with the fanqie 牛 + 反. The Erya says: "仇 means enemy or partner; an antagonistic mate is called 仇." The second character has the fanqie 胡 + 闇; the Xiao Erya says: "憾 means accumulated grudge.")

33.71

眾噪 [Flock clamoring] (The fanqie is 先 + 到. The Shuowen says: "A flock of birds crying together.")

33.72

森然 [Looming dense] (The fanqie is 所 + 金. The Shuowen says: "The appearance of many tall trees.")

33.73

[竺-二+淠]上 [Aboard the raft] (The fanqie is 敗 + 佳. The Fangyan says: "A 𥱼 is called a raft. In the south it is named 𥱼; northerners name it a raft.")

33.74

真諺 [True words and proverbs] (The fanqie is 宜 + 箭. The Shuowen says: "Transmitted sayings; vernacular proverbs." 真 means truth; it refers to having thorough understanding of true teachings and vernacular proverbs. In the sutra text it is written with the mouth radical as 喭, which is erroneous.)

33.75

懾驚 [Frightened and startled] (The Shenglei writes it as 懾; the fanqie is 止 + 葉. The Guangya says: "懾 means frightened." The character dictionaries say: "懾 means losing one's regular composure." The Shuowen says: "Heartfelt submission.")

33.76

躇步 [Hesitating in steps] (The fanqie is 直 + 於. The Shuowen says: "躊躇 means hesitating.")

33.77

臂錕 [Arm bangle] (The second character should properly be written as 琨, or as 瑻; the fanqie is 孤 + 魂.)

33.78

嗷嗷 [Wailing clamorously] (Also written as 嗸; the fanqie is 五 + 高. The Shuowen says: "Many mouths lamenting." The Shijing says: "Plaintive cries clamor 嗸嗸." The Commentary says: "Unable to find peaceful settlement, wailing 嗸嗸-like.")

33.79

磔著 [Dismembered and exposed] (In ancient script written as 㡯; the fanqie is 竹 + 格. The Guangya says: "磔 means to stretch out." The Book of Han, Annals of Emperor Jing, second middle year, says: "Dismemberment (磔) was changed to public execution.")

33.80

指攉 [Beckoning and gesturing] (The fanqie is 苦 + 學. The Shuowen says: "攉 means to strike or knock." In the sutra text it is written as 确, which is not applicable here; 确 has the fanqie 胡 + 角, meaning hard, infertile land.)

33.81

梓柟 [Catalpa and Phoebe] (Pronounced 南. The Erya says: "柟 is the mei tree." Fan Guang's commentary says: "In Jingzhou it is called mei; in Yangzhou it is called nan; in Yizhou it is called chibian. Its leaves resemble the yuzhang, and it produces no fruit.")

33.82

Fascicle Five

33.83

伀伀 [Agitated and flustered] (Also written as 忪; the fanqie is 燭 + 容. The Fangyan says: "佂伀 means flustered and alarmed." In the sutra text it is written as 憧, which is incorrect.)

33.84

邸閣 [Storehouse lodge] (The fanqie is 丁 + 禮. The Cang Jie pian says: "A 邸 is a residence." The Shuowen says: "Lodging quarters for tributary states.")

33.85

股肱 [Thighs and arms] (The first is also written as 骰, with the fanqie 公 + 戶. The second is written with 竹 and 厷, in ancient script with 厶, with the fanqie 古 + 弘. The Shuowen says: "股 means thigh; the base of the lower leg is called 股." The Guangya says: "The arm is called 肱.")

33.86

仆地 [Prostrate on the ground] (The fanqie is 蒲 + 北. The Shuowen says: "仆 means tumbling down, that is, falling forward on one's face.")

33.87

喣沫 [Moistening with breath and froth] (The two fanqie are 盱 + 矩 and 盱 + 俱, meaning to blow breath upon. The Liji says: "Warmth and nurturing cherish and raise." Zheng Xuan says: "With breath it is called 喣; with the physical body it is called 嫗." The pronunciation of 盱 is 詡 with 俱.)

33.88

施罛 [Casting the large net] (The fanqie is 古 + 胡. The Erya says: "A fish trap/net is called 罛." Guo's commentary says: "A 罛 is a large net.")

33.89

剉之 [Chopping it] (The fanqie is 千 + 臥. 剉 is like chopping. The Shuowen says: "To injure and break." In the sutra text it is written with the hand radical as 挫, the 挫 of humiliation, which is incorrect.)

33.90

悁悒 [Distressed and dejected] (The fanqie is 於 + 緣. The Shenglei says: "悁 is the appearance of worry." The Shuowen says: "愪 means angry." It describes inner feelings of distress and indignant frustration.)

33.91

馬蹟 [Horse tracks] (Also written as 跡 and 迹; the fanqie is 子 + 亦. 迹 means footprints or steps, as in cart ruts and horse tracks.)

33.92

筰絕 [Squeezed dry] (Now written as 窄; the fanqie is 側 + 格. 笮 is like pressing; today it refers to pressing out juice.)

33.93

Fascicle Six

33.94

䥫鐓 [Iron ferrule] (The fanqie is 徒 + 對. The Shuowen says: "A 鐓 is the copper ferrule at the base of a spear or halberd shaft." In the sutra text it is written as 錞 with the fanqie 市 + 均; 錞 is a musical percussion instrument, which is incorrect here. The shaft 柲 has the fanqie 府 + 備, meaning a halberd handle.)

33.95

蝘蜓 [Gecko] (The first character has the fanqie 烏 + 典; the second has 徒 + 典. The Shuowen says: "A gecko: on walls it is called 蝘蜓; in grass it is called a lizard." In the sutra text it is written as 𧔦[殄/虫], which is not the standard form.)

33.96

訛病 [Defects and ailments] (Also written as 譌 and 吪; the fanqie is 五 + 和. The Shijing says: "The false talk of the people." The Sub-commentary says: "訛 means fake, that is, deceitful.")

33.97

譴祟 [Blame and demonic affliction] (The first character has the fanqie 棄 + 戰. The Guangya says: "譴 means to reprimand." The Shuowen says: "To interrogate and reproach." The Cang Jie pian says: "譴 means to scold." The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 私 + 醉; it means misfortune brought by spirits.)

33.98

暮習 [Practicing constantly] (The fanqie is 尋 + 立, meaning to be accustomed to doing repeatedly. In the sutra text it is written as 謵 with the two fanqie 傷 + 協 and 丑 + 協. The Shuowen says: "謵 means cowed speech." The Shenglei says: "Speaking incessantly while intimidated.")

33.99

以賂 [To bribe with] (The fanqie is 力 + 故. The Shijing says: "Great gifts of southern gold." The Commentary says: "賂 means to give, that is, presenting gifts when paying a visit to request something.")

33.100

𧈱同 [Pests alike] (Also written as 蚮, 蟘, and 螣; the fanqie is 徒 + 得. The Erya says: "Insects eating leaves are called 𧈩." In the sutra it is written as 䖭 with the fanqie 居 + 援. The Fangyan says: "Grubs east of the Hangu Pass are sometimes called the 䖭 category." 䖭 is not applicable here.)

33.101

播鼗 [Shaking the rattle drum] (Also written as 鞀, 鞉, and 鼓; the fanqie is 徒 + 高. A 鼗 is like a small drum; holding its handle and shaking it causes the pellets at the sides to swing back and strike it. In Shandong it is called 鞀牢.)

33.102

Fascicle Seven

33.103

足跖 [Sole of the foot] (The fanqie is 之 + 石. The Shuowen says: "跖 means the bottom of the foot." Nowadays it is also written as 蹠. In the sutra text it is written as 𨂂, which is not the standard form.)

33.104

Nianxie (捏燮) (upper syllable: nu + xie [niè] fanqie; lower syllable: si + xie [xiè] fanqie. It means to pinch or knead. 燮 is composed of 火 [fire], 炎 [flame], and 爕; it means to harmonize, and also means cooked).

33.105

Kūjiě (刳解, disembowelling and dismembering) (kǒu + gū [kū] fanqie. It refers to hollowing out the belly. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Kū means to split open.' The Fangyan says: 'Kū means to scrape out [bones and flesh].' The Cangjie pian says: 'Kū means to butcher.' [狂-王+(火/刀)] is pronounced tì [剔]).

33.106

Jiànzhào (建旐, erecting the snake-and-tortoise banner) (zhì + rào [zhào] fanqie. The Erya says: 'A black silk streamer of full width and eight spans in length is called a zhào.' The Rites of Zhou says: 'A banner painted with tortoises and snakes is a zhào; the districts and prefectures set up zhān banners.' Zheng Xuan says: 'It depicts [these creatures] to ward off calamities and avoid harms.').

33.107

Jiǎoxún (徼循, patrolling and inspecting) (also written as 邀, same; gǔ + yáo [jiāo] and gǔ + diào [jiào], two fanqie. Lower syllable: also written as 巡, same; sì + zūn [xún] fanqie. Jiǎo means to intercept; xún means to go around. The Hanshu yinyi says: 'The so-called traveling inspectors patrol and inspect to guard against bandits and thieves.').

33.108

Mùgěng (木梗, wooden figure) (jiā + xìng [gěng] fanqie. The Zhuangzi says: 'It is merely a clay figurine (tǔgěng).' Sima Biao says: 'A tǔgěng is a clay person; a mùgěng is likewise a wooden person. Clay and wood are made into matched figurines (ǒu); using an object to represent a human figure is in all cases called an ǒu [figurine].').

33.109

Jiāndé (鞬德) (or said as Jianzhi [Kanthaka]; the correct pronunciation is Jiàntuōgē [Kaṇṭhaka]; translated as 'to receive' [or 'bring']).)

33.110

Ātán (阿譚) (tú + nán [tán] fanqie).

33.111

Fascicle 8

33.112

Tóu-𰐟 (頭𰐟) (Previously there was no sound and gloss given; a lacuna in the text).

33.113

Chènchǐ (齔齒, losing baby teeth) (chū + rěn [chèn] fanqie. The shedding of teeth is called chèn. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A boy grows teeth at eight months and loses his baby teeth (chèn) at eight years old; a girl grows teeth at seven months and sheds her baby teeth at seven years old.' The character is composed of 齒 [tooth] with 匕 phonetic).

33.114

Pāobō (拋鉢, throwing the bowl) (pǔ + jiāo [pāo] fanqie. Pāo means to throw. The Picang says: 'Pāo means to strike by flinging.').

33.115

Kuìrán (喟然, sighing deeply) (also written as 㕟, same; kǒu + kuì [kuì] and kǒu + guài [kuài], two fanqie. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A deep breath.' The Analects says: 'Kuìrán he sighed and said...' He Yan says: 'The sound of sighing.').

33.116

Lìchóng (蠣虫, oyster) (lì + zhì [lì] fanqie. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A kind of clam; it comes from the sea and people eat it.').

33.117

Yuēnán (曰喃) (Sanskrit; the name of a wheel-turning sage king [cakravartin]).

33.118

Hàngyàng (沆瀁, vast and billowy) (upper syllable: hé + lǎng [hàng] fanqie; lower syllable: sound yǎng; both are falling-rising tone characters. The Chuci says: 'Vast and billowy (hàngyàng), it cannot be detained.' Wang Yi's commentary says: 'Hàngyàng is like vast and mighty great billows.' The sūtra text writes 洸洋, pronounced guāng yáng, both being level-tone characters, which is not the proper usage here).

33.119

Zhéwēng (蹠翁, old cobbler) (zhī + shí [zhé] fanqie. Zhé means to mend; it refers to an old man who mends shoes).

33.120

Kài yān (㤥焉, distressed) (hú + dà [hài/kài] fanqie. The Tongsu [wen] says: 'Suffering and sorrow are called kài.' Kài also means suffering; kài also means resentment).

33.121

Xuāntòng (㾓痛, aching pain) (wū + xuán [xuān] fanqie. It refers to aching pain in the hands and feet. Zhang Yi's Zazi says: 'Itching and aching pain (xuānténg)' refers to this; aching feet is this. The sūtra text writing 㾓 is also the same).

33.122

Taizi Xudana jing (Sūtra on Crown Prince Sudāna [Vessantara])

33.123

Sounds by Xuanying

33.124

Tàntè Mountain (檀特山) (or called Dānduōluōjiā Mountain [Daṇḍaloka / Daṇḍakāraṇya], or called Tánduó Mountain [Daṇḍa]; translated here as Yīn Mountain [Mount of Shade]).

33.125

Xūdàná (須大拏, Sudāna) (nǚ + jiā [nǎ] fanqie; or called Xūdáná [Sudāna], or called Sūtuóshāná [Sudāśana / Sudarśana]; translated here as 'Well-Giving' or 'Virtuous Giver').

33.126

Cāngtiān (蒼天, the azure vault of heaven) (cuò + láng [cāng] fanqie. The Erya says: 'Spring is the azure vault (cāngtiān).' The commentary says: 'The myriad things are born in lush azure profusion.').

33.127

Èrán (愕然, stunned with astonishment) (in character dictionaries also written as 咢, same; wǔ + gè [è] fanqie. È means alarmed).

33.128

Wéizhì (為幟, making a sign / pennant) (ancient character same as [巾*(土/心)]; chǐ + zhì [zhì] fanqie. It means an insignia marker. The Tongsu wen says: 'A private mark is called a zhì.' The Guangya says: 'A zhì is a pennant.' The Mozi says: 'A piece one zhang and five chi in length and half a bolt wide is made into a zhì.').

33.129

Yuānfēi (蜎蜚, wriggling and flying creatures) (yī + quán [yuān] fanqie. The Zilin says: 'The appearance of insects; moving.' In the lower character, ancient books all write 飛 as 蜚, same; fǔ + wéi [fēi] fanqie. Fēi means flying up).

33.130

Qīnyín (嶔崟, towering and craggy) (qù + xián [qiān] and qù + yín [qín], two fanqie; lower syllable: yǔ + xián [yán] and yí + jīn [yín], two fanqie. The Guangya says: 'Qīnyín means towering; it also describes the rugged posture of mountains and hills.').

33.131

Cuó'é (嵯峨, soaring and jagged) (cái + hé [cuó] fanqie; lower syllable: wǒ + duō ['é] fanqie. The Guangya says: 'Cuó'é means soaring.' The commentary to the Chuci says: 'When mountains are abruptly cleft, precipitous, and screening the sky, they are called cuó'é.').

33.132

Sānzhuī (三顀, three protrusions) (zhí + zhuī [zhuī] fanqie. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Forehead jutting out.' Nowadays in the region south of the Yangtze they speak of 'a zhuī head and protruding forehead', taking zhuī as the name for a high, protruding occiput. The sūtra text writes 膇, for which the source has not yet been found).

33.133

Chúnzhǎ (脣䫂, drooping ugly lips) (dīng + kě [dǎ/zhǎ] fanqie. The Guangya says: 'Zhǎ means an ugly appearance.' The sūtra text writes 哆, with chōng + ěr [chǐ] and chǒu + yà [chà], two fanqie, which is not the usage here).

33.134

Diékūan (凸髖, protruding hip-bones) (tú + jié [dié/tú] fanqie. The Baopuzi writes 凸; 凸 means raised and protruding. The Cangjie pian writes 𥥌; uneven. The sūtra text writes 昳, which is an incorrect form. Lower syllable is pronounced kuān. The Picang says: 'Kuān is the rump.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The upper part of the thigh.').

33.135

Xiàyǎng (下蛘, lower itching) (yú + zhǎng [yǎng] fanqie. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Scratching an itch (yǎng).' The Book of Rites says: 'When having an itch, do not dare scratch it.' It is written with the insect radical (虫). Today it is generally written as 癢, a recent character; it is also written as 痒, pronounced sì + yáng [yáng] fanqie, the name of a sickness; 痒 does not have this meaning of the character).

33.136

Shìjǐng (市井, marketplace / town wells) (zǐ + yǐng [jǐng] [fanqie]. The Rites of Zhou says: 'Nine husbandmen form a jǐng (well-field), one li square.' The Baihu tong says: 'Because markets were formed around wells, they are called shìjǐng.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Eight households share one well; it depicts the framework and shape of the well-head, depicting the embanked structure.').

33.137

Foshuo jiuse lu jing (Sūtra of the Nine-Coloured Deer Preached by the Buddha)

33.138

Sounds by Huilin

33.139

Fúbǐng (拂柄, handle of a whisk) (upper syllable: fēn + wù [fú] fanqie. The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: 'Fú means to brush away.' Zheng's commentary to the Yili says: 'Fú means to wipe clean.' His commentary to the Book of Rites also says: 'Fú means to dust away.' The Guangya says: 'Fú also means to eliminate.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Fú means to strike.' Composed of 手 [hand] with 弗 phonetic. Lower syllable: bīng + mìng [bǐng] fanqie. Character dictionaries say: 'Bǐng means to hold, to grasp, to take in hand, to wield.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Composed of 木 [wood] with 丙 phonetic.').

33.140

Làichuāng (癩瘡, leprous sores) (upper syllable: lái + dà [lài] fanqie. The Kaosheng says: 'Lài is a disease.' The Wenzi dian shuo says: 'An evil disease.' Composed of 疒 [disease] with 賴 phonetic; or written as 癘. Lower syllable: chǔ + shuāng [chuāng] fanqie. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A sore or ulcer.' Composed of 疒 [disease] with 倉 phonetic; or written as 創, which is not adopted here).

33.141

Jù qí (踞其, squatting upon it) (jū + yù [jù] fanqie. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Jù is squatting (cún).' Composed of 足 [foot] with 居 phonetic).

33.142

Zèshǔ (嘖數, shouting and rebuking) (upper syllable: zhēng + gé [zé] fanqie. The Guangya says: 'To spit with anger; to reprimand.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Zè means to shout loudly.' Composed of 口 [mouth] with 責 phonetic; or written with 言 [speech] as 謮).

33.143

Chàntí (羼提, kṣānti) (chá + xiàn [chàn] fanqie; Sanskrit).

33.144

Pusa Shanzi jing (Sūtra on the Bodhisattva Śyāma)

33.145

Sounds by Xuanying

33.146

Mílù (麋鹿, elaphure and deer) (měi + bēi [mí] fanqie. The Cangjie pian says: 'Those that shed their antlers at the winter solstice.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A kind of deer.').

33.147

Pánghuáng (傍偟, pacing back and forth) (pú + guāng [páng] fanqie; lower syllable: hú + guāng [huáng] fanqie. Pánghuáng means lingering and pacing indecisively).

33.148

'È'è (礏礏, towering / sheer) (wǔ + hé ['é] and wǔ + hé ['è], two fanqie. The Picang says: 'Jié'è describes a towering appearance.' Jié is pronounced cái + hé [jié] fanqie. The sūtra text writes 儼儼, which is incorrect).

33.149

Foshuo Shanzi jing (Sūtra on Śyāma Preached by the Buddha)

33.150

Sounds by Huilin

33.151

Gōukēng (溝坑, ditch and pit) (upper syllable: gǒu + hóu [gōu] fanqie. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A water channel four chi wide and four chi deep is called a gōu.' Composed of 水 [water] with 冓 phonetic. Lower syllable: kè + gēng [kēng] fanqie. The Cangjie pian says: 'Kēng refers to a sunken ravine or trench.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Kēng is a ruin or a pit-ditch.' Composed of 土 [earth] with 亢 phonetic. 亢 is pronounced kāng + làng [kàng] fanqie).

33.152

Xióngpí (熊羆, bears and brown bears) (upper syllable: xǔ + gōng [xióng] fanqie. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Resembles a pig; lives in the mountains, hibernates in winter, and licks its paws; its paws resemble human palms.' The Gujin zhengzi has it composed of 能 with 灬. Lower syllable: bǐ + méi [pí] fanqie. Guo's commentary to the Erya says: 'Resembles a bear but with a long head and tall legs; fierce, bold, and very strong, capable of uprooting trees.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Like a bear, yellowish-white.' Composed of 冈 with 熊. 憨 is pronounced hū + gān [hān] fanqie).

33.153

Dàodì (蹈地, treading on the ground) (táo + dào [dào] fanqie. Liu Zhao's commentary to the Guliang [zhuan] says: 'Dào means to tread.' The Guangya says: 'Dào means to walk.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To tread.' Composed of 足 [foot] with 舀 phonetic. 舀 is pronounced yáo + xiǎo [yǎo] fanqie).

33.154

Bùjù (怖遽, terrified and flurried) (qú + yù [jù] fanqie. Du's commentary to the Zuozhuan says: 'Jù means fear and dread.' The Kaosheng says: 'Jù also means fear.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Composed of 辵 [movement] with 豦 phonetic.' The sūtra text writes it with 心 as 懅, which is incorrect. 辵 is pronounced chǒu + lüè [chuò] fanqie).

33.155

Pángyáng (彷徉, wandering aimlessly) (upper syllable: bó + máng [páng] fanqie; lower syllable: yú + zhāng [yáng] fanqie. The Guoyu says: 'Terrified, wandering aimlessly (pángyáng) amidst the mountain forests.' Gu Yewang says: 'Pángyáng is like pacing to and fro.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Both characters are composed of 彳 with 羊 and 方 as phonetics.' 彷 is also pronounced fáng, which is not adopted here. 彳 is pronounced chǒu + chǐ [chì] fanqie).

33.156

Guǒluǒ (果蓏, tree fruits and vine melons) (lower syllable: luó + guǒ [luǒ] fanqie. Zheng's commentary to the Rites of Zhou says: 'Guǒ are of the class of peaches and plums.' Ying Shao's commentary to the Hanshu says: 'Fruits from trees are called guǒ; fruits from herbaceous plants are called luǒ.' The Kaosheng says: 'Luǒ are the seeds of vine-growing plants, of the family of melons and gourds.' The Wenzi dian shuo says: 'When fruits are not yet ripe, they may not be sold in the market; it depicts the form of fruit above water.' The sūtra text writes it with 艸 as 菓, a vulgar character. In the Shuowen jiezi, 蓏 is composed of 艸 with 㼌 phonetic; 㼌 is pronounced yóu [yǔ]).

33.157

Ménmō (捫摸, feeling and groping) (upper syllable: mò + bēn [mén] fanqie; lower syllable: mén + fù [mō] fanqie. The Shenglei says: 'Mén also means to grope.' Guo's commentary to the Fangyan says: 'Mō means stroking and feeling.' Gu Yewang says: 'Mō means grasping and groping.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Mén means to pat and hold; xún means to stroke.' Both characters are composed of 手 [hand] with 門 and 莫 as phonetics. 循 is pronounced xún; 𢱢 is pronounced chéng + zuò [shù/suǒ] fanqie).

33.158

Taizi Mupo jing (Sūtra on Crown Prince Mūkapakkha)

33.159

Sounds by Xuanying

33.160

Xíxù (襲續, to inherit and continue) (ancient character same as 戮; cí + lì [xí] fanqie. Xí means to receive. The Guangya says: 'Xí means to reach; it also means to join, to follow along.').

33.161

Gùzhì (故質, purposely interrogating / verifying) (zhī + yì [zhì] fanqie. The Taixuan jing says: 'Receiving questions on what was doubted.' Song Zhong says: 'Zhì means to question.' The Guangya says: 'Zhì also means to ask; to be attentive; to settle.').

33.162

Méngkuì (矇聵, blind and deaf) (upper syllable: mò + gōng [méng] fanqie; having pupils but lacking sight is called méng. Lower syllable: wǔ + guài [kuì] fanqie; being born deaf is called kuì; kuì also means lacking awareness).

33.163

Kōngwán (空刓, uselessly carving down) (also written as 因, same; wǔ + huán [wán] fanqie. The Guangya says: 'Wán means to cut off.' The Chuci says: 'Carving the square into a circle.' Wang Yi says: 'Wán means to pare down.').

33.164

噢咿 [Groaning and sighing]: The first [character] is fanqie 于 (yu) + 六 (liu) [MC: *ʔṳuk]; the second is fanqie 于 (yu) + 祇 (qi) [MC: *ʔiᴇ]. The Picang states: 'Internal grief; it is also the sound of sorrowful longing.' The sūtra text variants written with forms like 哊, 郁, and 喐 are all non-standard forms.

33.165

驂駕 [Hitching an extra horse to the carriage]: Fanqie 悤 (cong) + 含 (han) [MC: *tsʰɑm]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Driving three horses. Riding on the right as a chariot companion to guard against the unexpected.' The horse harnessed at the side of a three-horse carriage is called a 騑 (fei); 騑 has the sound 妃 (fei).

33.166

顉頭 [Nodding/shaking the head]: Fanqie 牛 (niu) + 感 (gan) [MC: *ŋəm̌]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'To bow the head.' The Guangya states: '顉 (qin) means to shake; it refers to shaking one's head.' In Jiangnan today, accepting while shaking one's head is called 傪顉 (canqin); it is also used for laughing at someone as 顉酌 (qinzhuo). 傪 is fanqie 蘇 (su) + 感 (gan) [MC: *səm̌].

33.167

選耎 [Hesitating/dallying]: Fanqie 而 (er) + 兗 (yan) [MC: *ȵiuæ̌n]. Upon examination, 選耎 (xuanruan) is like 'a brief moment'. Lü shi states: 'A short pause is popularly called 選耎 (xuanruan); it denotes making excuses and refusing to act.' In sūtra texts it is sometimes written as 選蝡 or 潠𣽈, which are incorrect.

33.168

忸怩 [Ashamed and blushing]: Also written as 恧, identical; fanqie 女 (nü) + 竹 (zhu) [MC: *nɨuk]. The second [character] is fanqie 女 (nü) + 胝 (zhi) [MC: *nĭe]. The Tongsuwen states: 'Shame and mortification are called 忸怩 (niuni).' [End of the first volume].

33.169

纔有 [Barely having]: Fanqie 在 (zai) + 哉 (zai) [MC: *dzāi]. The Guangya states: '纔 (cai) means temporarily.' The Dongguan Hanji states: 'Scarcely; not for long.'

33.170

何訾 [What fault / How to measure]: Also written as 𢋀, identical; fanqie 子 (zi) + 移 (yi) [MC: *tse]. 訾 (zi) means to measure, to ponder. The sūtra writes it as 貲, which is the 貲 of 貲財 (wealth/property), not the proper character.

33.171

Sūtra of the Crown Prince Mupao (Mūkapakkha), Spoken by the Buddha

33.172

Pronunciations by Huilin

33.173

生埋 [Bury alive]: The second [character] is fanqie 買 (mai) + 排 (pai) [MC: *mɛi]. The Zishu states: '埋 (mai) means to bury, to conceal.' The Kaosheng states: '埋 (mai) means to submerge/sink.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Formed from 土 (earth) and the phonetic 里 (li); sometimes written as 薶.'

33.174

作城 [Build a city wall]: Fanqie 石 (shi) + 征 (zheng) [MC: *d͡ʑĭɛŋ]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'A city wall is that by which the people are contained. Formed from 土 (earth) with the phonetic 成 (cheng).' In the sūtra text it is written with 感, which is erroneous.

33.175

儲資 [Store up provisions]: Fanqie 直 (zhi) + 驢 (lü) [MC: *ɖi̯o]. The Kaosheng states: '儲 (chu) means to amass.' The Guiyuan zhucong states: '儲 (chu) refers to storing goods in preparation.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Formed from 人 (man) with the phonetic 諸 (zhu).'

33.176

夗轉 [Tossing and turning]: Fanqie 冤 (yuan) + 阮 (yuan) [MC: *ʔiʉæň]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '夗轉 (yuanzhuan) is like lying down. Formed from 夕 and 卪.' Writing it with 車 (chariot) as 䡝 is incorrect. 卪 has the sound 節 (jie).

33.177

轢我 [Run over me]: Fanqie 零 (ling) + 的 (de) [MC: *lek]. The Shuowen jiezi states: 'That which a chariot treads upon. Formed from 車 (chariot) with the phonetic 樂 (le).' In the sūtra text it is written as 僻我. The Kaosheng states: '僻 (pi) means oblique/one-sided.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '僻 (pi) means to evade.' The Mao Commentary to the Odes states: '僻 (pi) means to drag from the side.' These do not accord with the sūtra's meaning and are contrary. 僻 is fanqie 匹 (pi) + 尺 (chi) [MC: *pʰiɛk].

33.178

虎賁 [Tiger-like warriors]: The first [character] is fanqie 呼 (hu) + 古 (gu) [MC: *xuǒ]; the second is fanqie 博 (bo) + 門 (men) [MC: *puən]. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states: '虎賁 (huben) is a designation for brave warriors; as when a tiger charges fiercely into battle, expressing their ferocity.' The Zhouli states: 'The Zuben family was in charge of holding halberds, escorting the king's chariot on both sides as they ran briskly'—this is it. The Shuowen jiezi states: '虎 (tiger) is formed from 虍; a tiger's feet resemble a human's feet, a pictographic character.' 虍 has the sound 呼 (hu). In the sūtra text, writing it with 巾 as 𧆞 is incorrect. 賁 is formed from 貝 with the phonetic 卉. 卉 has the sound 諱 (hui).

33.179

走獸 [Running beasts]: Fanqie 收 (shou) + 呪 (zhou) [MC: *ɕĭəuH]. The Erya states: 'Those with four legs and hair are called beasts (獸).' The Cang Jie pian states: 'Beasts (獸) are those that run.' The Guangya states: '獸 (shou) means to guard (守).' The sūtra text writes it with 犬 as 狩. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli states: 'Hunting in winter is called 狩 (shou).' Guo's commentary on the Erya states: 'Setting fires to burn grass is also called 狩 (shou)'; this is not the meaning intended in the sūtra.

33.180

烝煮 [Steam and boil]: The first [character] is fanqie 之 (zhi) + 仍 (reng) [MC: *t͡ɕĭəŋ]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '烝 (zheng) refers to fire-vapor moving upwards. Formed from 火 (fire) with the phonetic 氶 (cheng).' In the sūtra it is written with 艸 as 蒸, which is an error. The second [character] is fanqie 諸 (zhu) + 汝 (ru) [MC: *t͡ɕĭwǒ]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '煮 (zhu) is like cooking (烹); to simmer. Formed from 火 (fire) with the phonetic 者 (zhe).' In the sūtra it is written with 水 as [泳-永+(者/火)], which is incorrect.

33.181

Sūtra of the Precious Casket Free of Letters

33.182

Pronunciations by Huilin

33.183

慙愧 [Ashamed and remorseful]: Fanqie 雜 (za) + 甘 (gan) [MC: *dzɑm]. The Shangshu states: 'He felt remorseful in his heart.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '慙 (can) also means to feel ashamed. Formed from 心 (mind/heart) with the phonetic 斬 (zhan).' It is sometimes written as 慚; 慚 has the sound 𧑯 (chan) + 感 (gan), which is not the sūtra's meaning.

33.184

Mahāyāna Sūtra of the Universal Radiance Treasury Free of Letters and Words

33.185

Pronunciations by Huilin

33.186

如爓 [Like a flame]: Fanqie 葉 (ye) + 壍 (qian) [MC: *jĭɛm]. The Kaosheng states: 'The appearance of blazing light.' The Shuowen jiezi states: '爓 is the flame of fire. Formed from 火 (fire) with the phonetic 閻 (yan).' The sūtra text writes 焰, which is a popular variant. 壍 is fanqie 妾 (qie) + 艷 (yan) [MC: *tsʰiɛmH].

33.187

Mahāyāna Dharma-Door Sūtra Free of Letters of the Universally Illuminating Radiance Treasury (No words requiring pronunciation or gloss)

33.188

Sūtra on the Old Woman, Spoken by the Buddha

33.189

Pronunciations by Huilin

33.190

痛蛘 [Painful itching]: Fanqie 羊 (yang) + 掌 (zhang) [MC: *jĭaŋ̌]. The Kaosheng states: '蛘 (yang) is a faint degree of pain.' The Liji states: 'When itching, one dares not scratch.' Zheng's commentary on the Classic of Filial Piety states: 'Holding down and scratching where it itches and hurts'—this is it. The Shuowen jiezi states: '蛘 means to scratch. Formed from 虫 with the phonetic 羊 (yang).' The Wenzi jilüe sometimes writes 癢; the Yunlüe writes 痒.

33.191

相揩 [Rubbing against each other]: Fanqie 客 (ke) + 皆 (jie) [MC: *kʰɛi]. The Guangya states: '揩 (kai) means to rub.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Formed from 手 (hand) with the phonetic 皆 (jie).'

33.192

有𣞙 [Having a drum frame]: Fanqie 乘 (cheng) + 朗 (lang) [MC: *d͡ʑɨaŋ̌]. The Kaosheng states: 'A drum frame.' The Zishu states: 'The timber of a drum.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Formed from 壴 with the phonetic 桑 (sang).' 壴 has the sound 胡 (hu).

33.193

枹打鼓 [A mallet strikes the drum]: The first [character] is fanqie 附 (fu) + 無 (wu) [MC: *bĭu]. Gu Yewang states: '枹 (fu) is a drumstick.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'The handle used to beat a drum. Formed from 木 (wood) with the phonetic 包 (bao).' In the sūtra it is written with 孚 as 桴; 桴 has the sound 孚 (fu). The Analects states: 'A large one is called a raft (筏); a small one is called a float (桴)'—this is not the meaning of the sūtra. The second [character] is fanqie 孤 (gu) + 五 (wu) [MC: *kuǒ]. For 鼓 (drum), the Kaosheng gives the standard form of the character 鼓; the Shuowen jiezi states: 'Formed from 豈 and 支, representing the hand striking it beneath a banner.' In the sūtra it is written with 皮 as 皷, which is an incorrect popular variant. 豈 has the sound fanqie 誅 (zhu) + 屢 (lü); 攴 has the sound 普 (pu) + 卜 (bu).

33.194

羸老 [Emaciated and old]: Fanqie 累 (lei) + 危 (wei) [MC: *liuᴇi]. Already explained previously under the Paramārthadharmavijaya-sūtra.

33.195

Sūtra on the Old Mother, Spoken by the Buddha

33.196

Pronunciations by Huilin

33.197

相鑽 [Drilling into each other]: The second [character] is fanqie 祖 (zu) + 鸞 (luan) [MC: *tsuɑn]. Gu Yewang states: '鑽 (zuan) refers to engraving and chiseling.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'That by which something is bored through. Formed from 金 (metal) with the phonetic 贊 (zan).'

33.198

捶鼓 [Beating a drum]: Fanqie 隹 (zhui) + 鬼 (gui) [MC: *t͡ɕʰiuᴇ̌]. The Shuowen jiezi states: '捶 (chui) means to strike with a staff. Formed from 手 (hand) with the phonetic 垂 (chui).'

33.199

禽獸 [Birds and beasts]: Fanqie 及 (ji) + 今 (jin) [MC: *gĭəm]. The Baihu tong states: '禽 (qin) is the general designation for birds and beasts.' The Erya states: 'Two-legged and feathered creatures are called 禽 (qin).' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'The head is pictographic; formed from 禸 with the phonetic 今 (jin). The heads of 禽, 离, and 𠒋 resemble one another.' In the sūtra text it is written with 犬 as 𤢌, which is incorrect. 禸 is fanqie 柔 (rou) + 帚 (zhou).

33.200

Sūtra on the Old Mother and Her Six Daughters, Spoken by the Buddha

First 200 of 367 passages. Read on

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese