一切經音義 71

English (machine translation) 71

Language: English

71.1

Compiled by the scripture-translating śramaṇa Xuanying

71.2

Glossing only the Abhidharma-nyāyānusāra-śāstra in eighty fascicles

嘉瑞 (*kaae-syweH*, [fanqie for 嘉:] 賈遐反, the next character is [fanqie] 時惴反; the Erya says: '嘉 means good; it means fine.' The Cang Jie Pian says: '瑞 means response; it means trust.' This means that when one possesses good and fine virtue, it is responded to by this sign of trust).

71.5

阿氏多 (*'a-dzyeX-ta*, [fanqie for 氏:] 常尒反; here translated as 'Invincible' [Ajita]. The older rendering was 阿耆多 or 阿逸多, both of which are corruptions. It is Maitreya's name in his present life).

71.6

訕謗 (*sraen-pangH*, [fanqie for 訕:] 所姦反; the Cang Jie Pian says: '訕 means to slander.' The Guangya says: '訕 and 謗 mean to disparage').

71.7

漏泄 (*sjet*, [fanqie for 泄:] 息列反; the Guangya says: '泄 means to overflow; it means to issue forth; it also means to leak').

71.8

指鬘 (*maen*, [fanqie for 鬘:] 莫班反; that is, Aṅgulimāla. *Aṅguli* is here translated as 'finger'; *māla* is 'garland'. It is also said that he severed people's fingers and tied them together to form a garland placed on his head, hence he received this name).

71.9

烏盧頻螺迦葉波 (here translated as 'Papaya Grove' [Uruvilvā]; he cultivated the Path under it and was named accordingly. Kāśyapa is his clan name. Formerly rendered 優樓頻螺; in the Zheng fahua jing he is called the eldest of the three Kāśyapa brothers of the Upper Hour).

71.10

唐攪 (*kwaewX*, [fanqie for 攪:] 古夘反; 唐 means in vain; in vain means empty. The character dictionary says: '攪 means to disturb', pronounced with the fanqie 呼刀反 [*xaw*]; 撓 means to disrupt. The Shuowen says: '攪 means to throw into disorder').

71.11

怛策迦 (*tat-tsʰaek-ka*, [fanqie for 怛:] 都達反, the next character is [fanqie] 初革反; the name of a nāga [Takṣaka]).

71.12

扣擊 (the Shuowen writes it as 𢼒, the same, with the fanqie 苦厚反 [*kʰəwX*]; 扣 also means to strike).

71.13

愞耎 (*nwaH-nywenX*, [fanqie for 愞:] 奴課反, the next character is [fanqie] 而兗反; the San Cang says: '愞 means weak.' The Guangya says: '耎 means soft').

71.14

稱㩲 (*gywen*, [fanqie for 㩲:] 渠員反; the Guangya says: 'A steelyard weight is called a 㩲.' 㩲 means weight, by which one knows lightness and heaviness. The character is written with the hand radical).

71.15

Fascicle Two

71.16

迢然 (*dew*, [fanqie for 迢:] 徒彫皮 [反]; 迢遰 means distant; it means far. 遰 is pronounced with the fanqie 徒計反 [*dejH*]).

71.17

瞿波洛迦 (here translated as 'cowherd sutra' [Gopālaka]).

71.18

窣堵波 (*sowt-tuX-pa*, [fanqie for 窣:] 蘇沒反, the next character is [fanqie] 都古反; here translated as 'shrine', or called 'tomb', or called 'heaped sign' [stūpa], referring to high piles of bricks, stones, and the like to serve as a sign. Formerly rendered 抖擻波, or 偷婆, and also called 塔婆, which are all dialectal differences in tone and stress across China).

71.19

Fascicles Three, Four, and Five (not glossed previously)

71.20

Fascicle Six

71.21

晦冥 (*xwojH*, [fanqie for 晦:] 呼對反; the Erya says: 'Fog is called 晦.' This means that in fog, heaven and earth blend together in darkness, so that nothing can be seen. In severe fog, it is dark and gloomy even in daylight).

71.22

雰霧 (also written as 氛, the same, with the fanqie 敷雲反 [*pʰjun*]; the Shiming says: '雰 means powder. Moist vapour clinging to grass and trees congeals white like powder when cold.' The Erya says: 'When earthly vapour rises and heaven does not respond, it is called 霧 [fog]; fog is yin vapour and damp').

71.23

廓清 (*kʰwak*, [fanqie for 廓:] 口郭反; the Erya says: '廓 means broad').

71.24

所頒 (also written as 班, the same, with the fanqie 捕姦反 [*paen*]; the Xiao Erya says: '頒 means to spread out.' The Erya says: '班 means to distribute and bestow everywhere').

71.25

Fascicle Seven

71.26

彈㡿 (*dan-tsʰyaek*, [fanqie for 彈:] 徒千反, the next character is [fanqie] 鴟亦反; the Guangya says: '彈 means to evaluate (枰).' The Hanshu yinyi says: '㡿 means not to employ; it also means to distance oneself from.' It refers to finger-pointing. 抨 is pronounced with the fanqie 普庚反 [*pʰaeng*]).

71.27

眩曜 (*xwenH*, [fanqie for 眩:] 胡麫反; the Guangya says: '眩 means confused and bewildered.' 曜 means illumination).

71.28

頑嚚 (*ngwaen-ngjin*, [fanqie for 頑:] 五鱞反, the next character is [fanqie] 魚巾反; the Guangya says: '頑 means dull.' The Cang Jie Pian says: '嚚 means evil.' The Zuozhuan states: 'One whose mind does not conform to the standards of virtue and righteousness is 頑; one whose mouth does not speak words of loyalty and trust is 嚚').

71.29

逞已 (*tʰyengX*, [fanqie for 逞:] 丑井反; the Shuowen says: '逞 means to penetrate.' The Xiao Erya says: '逞 means pleased.' The Fangyan says: 'From the Pass eastward it is called 逞; between the Yangtze, Huai, Chen, and Chu it is called 好 [pleasing]').

71.30

聰睿 (*ywejH*, [fanqie for 睿:] 以芮反; 聰 means having delicate hearing; 睿 means knowledge. Furthermore, knowing beforehand is called 聰; deep understanding is called 睿).

71.31

方維 (*ywij*, [fanqie for 維:] 以淮反; the Guangya says: 'It means corner.' The Huainanzi says: 'Heaven has four corners (維),' which is this).

71.32

Fascicle Eight

71.33

躊躇 (*drjuw-drju*, [fanqie for 躊:] 腸留反, the next character is [fanqie] 腸於反; the Guangya says: '躊躇 means hesitating; it also means pacing back and forth').

71.34

異生 (in Sanskrit, *bāla-pṛthag-jana*. *Bāla* is here translated as 'foolish'; *pṛthag* is here translated as 'different'; *jana* is here translated as 'born' [or 'living being']. It should properly be called 'foolish ordinary beings' [foolish different-born]. Formerly rendered 'infantile different-born', or 'infantile foolish worldlings', or written 'infantile worldlings', which all have the same meaning).

71.35

Fascicle Nine

71.36

躁動 (also written as 趮, the same, with the fanqie 子到反 [*tsawH*]; 躁 means disturbed; it means restless. The Shiming says: '躁 means dry (燥).' This means that when things are dry, they stir and flutter about).

71.37

中庸 (*yowng*, [fanqie for 庸:] 以鍾反; the Guangya says: '中 means level; 庸 means harmonious.' The Xiao Erya says: '庸 means good; that is, a peaceful and good person').

71.38

Fascicle Ten

71.39

蚩笑 (*tsyhe*, [fanqie for 蚩:] 昌夷反; the Xiao Erya says: '蚩 means to play.' The Cang Jie Pian says: '蚩 means to slight and insult.' 笑 means playful mockery. The character is written with the ancient form 㞢, which is the character 之).

71.40

褒貶 (*paw-pjemX*, [fanqie for 褒:] 補高反, the next character is [fanqie] 碑儉反; examine: 褒 means to praise and extol; 貶 means to demote and dismiss).

71.41

謀議 (*muw*, [fanqie for 謀:] 莫侯反; 謀 means to deliberate; 議 means to plan. Consulting on affairs is 謀; detailed discussion is called 議).

71.42

敵論 (*tek*, [fanqie for 敵:] 徒的反; the Guangya says: '敵 means to match; it means to face.' The Erya says: '敵 means peer').

71.43

惶亂 (*xwang*, [fanqie for 惶:] 胡光反; 惶 refers to the appearance of anxious fear in the heart. The Guangya says: '惶惶 means fearful.' The Cang Jie Pian says: '惶 means dread').

71.44

寔多 (*zyik*, [fanqie for 寔:] 是力反; the Erya says: '時 and 寔 mean 是 [this/truly].' The Shuowen says: '寔 means above').

71.45

Fascicle Eleven

71.46

貪軶 (also written as 㧖, the same, with the fanqie 烏革反 [*'aek*]; that by which the necks of oxen and horses are restrained. 軶 also means yoke [槅]; 槅 is pronounced *keak* [革]).

71.47

讁罰 [chastise and penalise] (pronounced with the fanqie 猪革 [zh- + -ek = zhe]: The Tongsu wen states: “To penalise a crime is called zhe (讁). Zhe means to reprimand; it also means a fault or offense. Fa (罰) means to subdue or repress.”).

71.48

瞢憒 [muddled and confused] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 莫崩 [m- + -(e)ng = meng]; the lower character with 公內 [g- + -ui = gui]: The Sancang states: “Meng (瞢) means dim or unclear. Gui (憒) means troubled and disorderly.”).

71.49

我頃 [a short while ago] (pronounced with the fanqie 丘頴 [q- + -ing = qing]: In the Shiji [it says]: “After a short while (有頃), Liehou asked...” Examining this, youqing (有頃) is like “within an instant”; it also means not lasting long).

71.50

忌憚 [dread and fear] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 渠記 [q- + -i = ji]; the lower character with 徒旦 [d- + -an = dan]: The Guangya states: “Ji (忌) means to fear and dread. Dan (憚) means to hesitate with trepidation.” The Shuowen states: “Ji means to loathe and detest.”).

71.51

顧眄 [glance and gaze] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 孤布 [g- + -u = gu]; the lower character with 眠見 [m- + -ian = mian]: The Shuowen states: “To look back and inspect is called gu (顧). To look askance is called mian (眄).”)

71.52

Fascicle Twelve

71.53

幖幟 [banners and flags] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 俾遙 [b- + -ao = biao]; the lower character with 昌志 [ch- + -i = zhi]: The Tongsu wen states: “A slight insignia is called biao (幖); an unofficial marker is called zhi (幟).” The characters both take the巾 [cloth] radical; alternatively, they take the 木 [wood] radical to form 標, meaning using wood as an insignia, marking and registering it; both usages are acceptable).

71.54

末奴沙 [manuṣa] (pronounced with the fanqie 謨鉢 [m- + -at = mo]; also pronounced manusha (摩㝹沙); here [in Chinese] it means “human”).

71.55

魍魎 [nature spirits / wangliang] (in ancient script written as 蝄 and 蜽; the two forms take the fanqie 亡強 [w- + -ang = wang] and 力掌 [l- + -iang = liang]: The Shuowen states: “The wangliang (蝄蜽) are quintessential spirits of mountains and rivers.” The Tongsu wen states: “Monstrous apparitions of trees and rocks are called wangliang; hence the term”).

71.56

毘溼縛羯磨天 [Viśvakarman] (here [in Chinese] translated as “Various Arts and Crafts”. Examining this, artisans and craftsmen in the Western Regions mostly make offerings to this deity).

71.57

加趺 [cross-legged] (pronounced with the fanqie 古遐 [g- + -ia = jia]: The Erya states: “Jia (加) means to superimpose.” Here the meaning is taken to denote sitting with crossed legs. In the scriptures it is also written as “sitting cross-legged” (結交趺坐). In Shandong they call it jiāfū (甲趺); south of the Yangtze they call it pánkuà (跘跨; pan is pronounced with the fanqie 平患 [p- + -uan = pan], and kua with 口瓜 [k- + -ua = kua]). Some write it with the 足 [foot] radical as 跏, but this does not exist in standard dictionaries).

71.58

鄔陀夷 [Udāyin] (pronounced with the fanqie 烏古 [w- + -u = wu]: A personal name; here [in Chinese] meaning “manifestation” or “appearance”).

71.59

Fascicle Thirteen

71.60

嬉戲 [frolic and play] (also written as 僖; pronounced with the fanqie 虛之 [x- + -i = xi]: The Shuowen states: “Xi (嬉) means pleasure.” The Cang Jie pian states: “Xixi (嬉戲) means laughing playfully.”).

71.61

汝曹 [you all / your group] (also written as 𣍯; pronounced with the fanqie 自勞 [z- + -ao = cao]: In the Shiji [it says]: “More than ten groups (十餘曹) followed him.” Ru Chun said: “Cao (曹) means fellows or comrades.”).

71.62

毘瑟笯 [Viṣṇu] (pronounced with the fanqie 奴故 [n- + -u = nu]: The name of a deva. Formerly written as Piniu Tian (毗紐天) or Pisouniutain (毗搜紐天), which are corruptions).

71.63

Fascicle Fourteen

71.64

梯隥 [ladder and stone steps] (pronounced with the fanqie 都鄧 [d- + -eng = deng]: The Guangya states: “Deng (隥) means to tread.” It refers to relying upon them to ascend. The character takes the 𨸏 [mound] radical).

71.65

室路迦 [śloka] (formerly written as shulujia 輸盧迦, shoulujia 首盧迦, or shouluke 首盧柯: Examining the Western Regions’ method for counting scriptures, thirty-two syllables are taken as one śloka. Furthermore, it is mostly applied to ordinary people composing worldly songs and poems; this is also one of the metrical measures in the Chandoviciti treatises).

71.66

Fascicle Fifteen (previously without phonological glosses)

71.67

Fascicle Sixteen

71.68

升陟 [ascend] (pronounced with the fanqie 胝棘 [zh- + -ik = zhi]: Advancing and arriving upward is called zhi (陟). The Shijing states: “I ascend that high ridge.” Zhi means to climb. The Erya states: “Zhi means to ascend”; it refers to climbing and ascending).

71.69

痱癗 [rash and swellings] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 蒲罪 [b- + -ui = fei]; the lower character with 盧罪 [l- + -ui = lei]: The Zilüe states: “Feilei (痱癗) are small swellings.” Here this meaning is adopted).

71.70

波沓波種 [Pādapa lineage] (pronounced with the fanqie 徒荅 [d- + -ap = da]: A brāhmaṇa clan name).

71.71

Fascicle Seventeen (previously without phonological glosses)

71.72

Fascicle Eighteen

71.73

池沼 [ponds and pools] (pronounced with the fanqie 之遶 [zh- + -ao = zhao]: The Shuowen states: “A zhao (沼) is a pond; a small pool.”).

71.74

命命鳥 [jīvaṃjīvaka bird] (in Sanskrit, the jīvaṃjīva bird).

71.75

子息 [children and offspring] (pronounced with the fanqie 思力 [s- + -ik = xi]: Sons and daughters are called xi (息). Xi refers to the breath endowed in human bodies through which they are born. The Dongguan Hanji says: “These are indeed my offspring (子息).” Today, when people lend money to generate interest, it is also called xi; the sense is identical).

71.76

Fascicle Nineteen

71.77

是疇 [this peer / companion] (pronounced with the fanqie 除留[ch- + -iu = chou]: The Chuci says: “Who can be a peer or companion to you?” Wang Yi said: “Two people make a match (疋); four people make a cadre (疇).” Chou means of the same kind; it also means a companion).

71.78

乳醅 [milk and unrefined wine] (also written as 𨟷; pronounced with the fanqie 疋迴 [p- + -ui = pei]: It refers to wine that has not yet been strained. It means that milk can become curd, and unrefined wine can become [finished] wine).

71.79

廣樹 [widely plant / establish] (in standard script written as 𡬾; pronounced with the fanqie 時注 [sh- + -u = shu]: The Guangya states: “Shu (樹) means to establish.” Whenever something is set up and established, it is called shu; shu also means to plant and cultivate).

71.80

屢辯 [frequently examine / clarify] (pronounced with the fanqie 力句 [l- + -u = lü]: The Shangshu states: “Repeated examination brings success.” Kong Anguo said: “Lü (屢) means frequently.”).

71.81

Fascicle Twenty

71.82

持羂 [holding a snare] (also written as 罥; pronounced with the fanqie 古犬 [g- + -uan = juan] and 公縣 [g- + -ian = xian]: The Shenglei states: “Juan (罥) means to tie and capture birds and beasts with a rope.”).

71.83

挽出 [pull out] (in ancient script written as 輓; pronounced with the fanqie 無遠 [w- + -an = wan]: The Shuowen states: “Wan (輓) means to pull a cart.”).

71.84

鄙俚 [rustic and vulgar] (the graph is written as 𨛋; pronounced with the fanqie 力子 [l- + -i = li]: The Shuowen states: “Five zan make a bi (鄙); a bi is a rustic village (𨛋).” The Cang Jie pian agrees, stating: “A low settlement is called li (𨛋).” The Hanshu says: “Poor yet not vulgar (不𨛋).” Ru Chun said: “Although poor, he still did not indulge in the rustic speech of the village alleys.” Bi means lowly and crude. The Guangya states: “Bi means ashamed and humiliated.” Zan is pronounced with the fanqie 祖旦 [z- + -an = zan], meaning a hundred families).

71.85

尚年 [in prime years] (pronounced with the fanqie 市讓 [sh- + -ang = shang]: The Cangjie xungu states: “Shang (尚) means upper; it is like being in one's prime years.”).

71.86

衰耄 [feeble and senile] (the graph is written as 𤸬; pronounced with the fanqie 所龜 [s- + -ui = shui]: The Shuowen states: “Shui (𤸬) means to diminish; to decline.” The Liji states: “At fifty years of age, one begins to decline (衰).” Shuai means to become slack. The lower character in ancient script is written with the two forms 𠅸 and 耄; now written as 秏; pronounced with the fanqie 莫報 [m- + -ao = mao]: The Liji states: “At eighty, one is called mao (耄).” Mao refers to being muddled and forgetful, confused and disorderly).

71.87

鳩摩羅設摩 [Kumāraśarman] (here [in Chinese] translated as “Youthful Tranquillity”. A composer of many poems and verses; the name of an outside path teacher [tīrthika] belonging to the Śānti-sect. The one who composed the ‘Light of the Sun’ is precisely the Śāntila tīrthika in the Vibhāṣā).

71.88

Fascicle Twenty-One

71.89

無繁 [without excess] (pronounced with the fanqie 扶袁 [f- + -an = fan]: The Shijing states: “In the first month there is abundant (繁) frost.” The commentary states: “Fan (繁) means manifold and abundant.”).

71.90

水濯 [wash with water] (pronounced with the fanqie 直角 [zh- + -ak = zhuo]: The Shuowen states: “Zhuo (濯) means to cleanse; to rinse.” It refers to purifying things with water).

71.91

設支 [Śacī] (formerly written as Shezhi 舍脂; here [in Chinese] translated as “Able to Bind”. It means that if a woman is lovely and can arouse craving and attachment in men, she is generally called Śacī).

71.92

Fascicle Twenty-Two

71.93

荏苒 [gradually passing] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 而甚 [r- + -em = ren]; the lower character with 而琰 [r- + -am = ran]: Meaning a fleeting moment).

71.94

阿奴律陀 [Anuruddha] (also written as 𢫫盧; here [in Chinese] meaning “compliance”; a personal name).

71.95

匡助 [rectify and assist] (pronounced with the fanqie 丘方 [q- + -iang = kuang]: The Erya states: “Kuang (匡) means to rectify; zhu (助) means to aid.” Kuang also means to restore).

71.96

世羅鄔婆 [Śilopa] (pronounced with the fanqie 烏古 [w- + -u = wu]: Here [in Chinese] meaning “Little Stone”).

71.97

屬斯 [connected to this] (pronounced with the fanqie 之欲 [zh- + -ok = zhu]: Zhu (屬) means attached; it also means continuous, or just/befalling).

71.98

Fascicle Twenty-Three

71.99

師雨 [rain retreats of the teacher] (pronounced with the fanqie 于矩 [y- + -u = yu]: Referring to the rains retreat (varṣā); it refers to the teacher's monastic seniority [counted in rains retreats]).

71.100

童豎 [young temple servant] (pronounced with the fanqie 殊庾 [sh- + -u = shu]: The designation for an un-capped young man in a monastery. Employed to convey orders between inside and outside, because lacking formal protocol, they move in and out swiftly and easily).

71.101

蟰蛸 [long-legged spider] (pronounced with the fanqie 肅 [s- + -uk = su] and 簫 [x- + -ao = xiao]: The Erya states: “Liu (六) and xiaoshiao (蟰蛸) are synonymous; one name is changqi (長蚑; qi is pronounced with the fanqie 居蟻 [j- + -i = ji]).” Guo Pu said: “A spider with long legs; popularly called xizi (喜子, happy creature). The Shijing saying: ‘The long-legged spider is on the door’ refers to this.”).

71.102

虹電 [rainbow and lightning] (in ancient script written as 羾; pronounced with the fanqie 胡公 [h- + -ung = hong]; popular pronunciation is jiàng: The Erya Yinyi states: “When appearing in a pair, the bright and distinct one is male, called hong (虹); the dimmer one is female, called ni (蜺; pronounced with the fanqie 五鷄 [w- + -ei = ni]).” The Shuowen states: “The didong (螮蝀) is the rainbow; in Jiangdong it is called yu (雩).” The Shiming states: “Hong (虹) means attack (攻); it is pure yang attacking yin qi.” Di is pronounced with the fanqie 帝; dong with 董).

71.103

縛喝國 [Balkh / Baktra] (pronounced with the fanqie 呼曷 [h- + -at = he]: Borders the Vakṣu River to the north. In that country there is a water-pitcher (kuṇḍikā) of the Tathāgata holding over one dou, with dazzling colors, difficult to describe as either metal or stone. There is also a tooth of the Buddha, and a broom of the Buddha made of kāśa grass, over two feet long and seven inches in circumference, with a handle adorned with various gems).

71.104

波吒釐 [Pāṭaliputra / Pāṭali] (pronounced with the fanqie 力之 [l- + -i = li]; also written as Pāṭalīya (波吒梨耶); formerly called Balinfu (巴連弗): The Shuowen states it is the name of a flowering tree; by reason of this flowering tree, the city was named).

71.105

Fascicle Twenty-Four

71.106

蚇蠖 [inchworm] (pronounced with the fanqie 烏郭 [w- + -ak = huo]: The Shuowen states: “An insect that stretches and contracts.” The Erya states: “Huo (蠖) and chihuo (尺蠖) are synonymous; another name is buqu (步屈). In the region of Song it is called xunsang (尋桑); the people of Wu call it sangge (桑闔; ge is pronounced with the fanqie 古合 [g- + -ap = ge]); that is, the mulberry worm.”).

71.107

Aniruddha (阿泥律陀: formerly translated as Aniruddha [阿那律], or called Anuruddha [阿㝹樓馱], and also called Aniruddha [阿泥盧豆]; all refer to the same person. Here it is translated as "Never-Destitute" [無滅] or "As-One-Wishes" [如意]. Long ago, he offered a single meal to a pratyekabuddha, and for eighty aeons he went back and forth between the human and heavenly realms enjoying bliss, which even down to the present has never ceased; hence he is called "Never-Destitute". Moreover, whatever he sought came about as he wished, so he is also called "As-One-Wishes". He was the son of King Amṛtodana and a paternal cousin of the Buddha).

71.108

Friends (朋友: [朋 is] fanqie 蒲崩; the lower character [友 is] fanqie 于久. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Those of the same school are called peng [朋]; those of the same purpose are called you [友]." The Guangya says: "You means close; it means to love.")

71.109

Territories (方域: [域 is] fanqie 為逼. Yu [域] means dwelling. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Yu means state." The Rites of Zhou [Zhouli] says: "'Fangyu' [demarcating territories] refers to establishing states and polities, building capitals and towns, and regulating districts and settlements.")

71.110

Cruel and venomous (酷毒: [酷 is] fanqie 口木, meaning tyrannical and oppressive. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Ku [酷] means severe; it means extreme." The Comprehensive Discussions in the White Tiger Hall [Baihu tong] says: "Ku means extreme; it means directives and ordinances carried to the utmost extremity.")

71.111

Hoping to eliminate (冀除: [冀 is] also written as 覬; both have the fanqie 羇致. The Xiao Erya says: "Ji [覬] means to look forward to with hope.")

71.112

Blowing and stirring (飄鼓: [飄 is] fanqie 疋遙; the lower character [鼓 is] fanqie 公戶. Piao [飄] means to blow; gu [鼓] means to set in motion. Note that in general, setting things into motion is called gu).

71.113

Fascicle Twenty-Five

71.114

Master and disciple (師徒: [徒 is] fanqie 達胡. Tu [徒] means fellow or category. The Zhuangzi says: "the disciples of Kong Qiu." Sima Biao says: "Tu means disciple.")

71.115

Benevolent and filial (仁孝: [仁 is] fanqie 而親. Loving people and extending that to things is called benevolence [仁]; superiors and inferiors having mutual affection is called benevolence; esteeming the worthy and being affectionate to kin is called benevolence; sacrificing oneself to achieve virtue is called benevolence. The Erya says: "Serving parents well is filial piety [孝]." The Posthumous Titles Rules [Shifa] says: "Loving with kindness and forgetting toil is filial piety; complying with commands without disobedience is filial piety.")

71.116

Respectfully receiving (承稟: [稟 is] fanqie 鄙錦. Bing [稟] means to receive).

71.117

Fascicle Twenty-Six

71.118

Merely desiring (苟欲: [苟 is] fanqie 公厚. The Guangya says: "Gou [苟] means careless or temporary; it also means truly.")

71.119

Words and phrases (言詞: [言 is] fanqie 魚鞬; the lower character [詞 is] fanqie 似資. Speaking directly is called yan [言]; it means speaking of one's own affairs. Answering and narrating is called yu [語]; it means speaking for someone else. The Book of Rites [Liji] says: "During the three years of mourning, one may speak [yan] but not converse [yu]"—this is it. Yan also means to say; it also means to manifest an omen. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Ci [詞] means having the idea inside and expressing it in words outside; it also means scrutinizing words.")

71.120

Fascicle Twenty-Seven

71.121

Deliberating and measuring ([口/(百-日+回)]度: Note that according to the imperial recension of the Ancient Script Bureau, the two forms of the character have the fanqie 達胡; the lower character [度 is] fanqie 徒各. The Guangya says: "[口/(百-日+回)] means to measure; it means to deliberate; it also means to calculate; to evaluate.")

71.122

Every time he said (每言: [每 is] fanqie 莫佩. The Sancang says: "Mei [每] is an indeterminate particle; mei also means frequently.")

71.123

Scoffing and rebuking (蚩誚: [誚 is] fanqie 才笑. Qiao [誚] means taunting, ridiculing, and censuring; it also means scolding).

71.124

Fascicle Twenty-Eight

71.125

Twisting ropes (紐繩: [紐 is] fanqie 女珍. The Zilin says: "A single strand of rope is called niu [紐]; niu means cord.")

71.126

Torrential flow (瀑流: [瀑 is] fanqie 蒲報. The Cangjie jiegu says: "Pao [瀑] refers to water bubbling and surging up.")

71.127

Bāṣpa (婆歰波: [歰 is] fanqie 所立. Said [in Tang] to mean vapor, referring to mist, vapor, and the like).

71.128

Fascicle Twenty-Nine

71.129

Serving as a staff (為杖: [杖 is] fanqie 直亮. Zhang [杖] is like leaning upon; it also means relying upon).

71.130

Fascicle Thirty

71.131

Polluted, crooked, and chipped (染污紆剉: [污 has] two fanqie: 烏故 and 烏胡. The character books say: "Wu [污] means daubed." The Zilin says: "Wu means defiled.")

71.132

Chewing and tasting (咀[噯-(心/ㄆ)+(既-旡+(彰-章))]: [咀 is] also written as 齟; both have the fanqie 才與; the lower character has the fanqie 慈藥. It means savoring in the mouth. Ju [咀] means chew. The Tongsuwen says: "Ju and biting are called chewing.")

71.133

Saliva and fluid (津液: [津 is] fanqie 子隣; the lower character [液 is] fanqie 夷石. The Sancang says: "Jinye [津液] means sap or fluid." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Ye [液] means moisture." The Guangya says: "Ziye [滋液] means moisture.")

71.134

Sincere words (誠言: [誠 is] fanqie 市盈. The Guangya says: "Cheng [誠] means solid, real." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Cheng means trustworthy; it means reverent.")

71.135

For the time being (乍可: [乍 is] fanqie 仕嫁. The Guangya says: "Zha [乍] means temporarily." The Cangjiepian says: "Zha is a term used for alternatives.")

71.136

Ruminant stomach and heart ([(齋-ㄚ+了)-小+肉]心: [The first character is] fanqie 昨迷. The Shuowen jiezi says: "The pi [(齋-ㄚ+了)-小+肉] is a person's rumen-like organ." The character takes the radical 'flesh' [肉]; pi [膍] has the fanqie 蒲迷).

71.137

Satirizing and piercing (譏剌: [譏 is] fanqie 居衣; the lower character is also written as 諫; both have the fanqie 七漬. The Guangya says: "Ji [譏] means to pierce." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Ji means to slander and revile.")

71.138

Frequently blinking (數瞚: [瞚 is] also written as 瞬; both have the fanqie 尸𨳝. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Shun [瞚] means the eyes opening, closing, and shaking rapidly.")

71.139

Fascicle Thirty-One

71.140

Sharp and square (畟方: [畟 is] fanqie 楚力, meaning perfectly square).

71.141

Opening up (開闢: [闢 is] fanqie 脾亦. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Pi [闢] means to open.")

71.142

Shutting and closing (關閉: [閉 has] two fanqie: 補繼 and 補計. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Shutting a door." The Guangya says: "Bi [閉] means to block; it means to guard." It is also written as [the vulgar variant] 閉).

71.143

Bitter affliction (荼毒: [荼 is] fanqie 達胡. The Guangya says: "Tudu [荼毒] means pain; it also means committing evil.")

71.144

Piled up in layers (重壘: [壘 is] also written as 垒; both have the fanqie 力癸. Lei [壘] also means layered).

71.145

Snapping a line to measure (拼量: [拼 is] fanqie 補莖, meaning snapping the inked chalk-line [彈墨], called pan [拚]; in Jiangnan it is called peng [抨], with the fanqie 普庚).

71.146

Soon reviving (尋穌: [穌 is] fanqie 息胡. Su [穌] means coming alive. The Xiao Erya says: "Dying and returning to life is called su; su means awaking.")

71.147

Felled timber in a shallow rapid (柤瀨: [柤 is] fanqie 仕加; the lower character [瀨 is] fanqie 力艾. The Tongsuwen says: "Remnants after mowing are called zha [柤]." The Guangya says: "Zha means an obstruction." The Classic of Poetry [Shijing] says: "Like that bird resting on felled logs"—this is it).

71.148

Biting the foot (䶧足: [䶧 is] also written as 齩; both have the fanqie 五狡. Nie [䶧] means gnawing; this sound is used in Guanzhong. Another reading is fanqie 下狡; this sound is used in Jiangnan).

71.149

Biting the neck (䶗頸: In the Zilin, [䶗 has] the fanqie 丘加; the lower character [頸 is] fanqie 居井. It means biting with the mouth; a large bite. Nowadays it means grasping the front of the neck with the hand).

71.150

Ripping open the spine-meat (擘𦟘: [擘 is] fanqie 補麥; the lower character is also written as 胂; both have the fanqie 引人. The meat along the spine is called shen [𦟘]. Bo [擘] means tearing apart).

71.151

Clawing the belly (攫腹: [攫 has] two fanqie: 九縛 and 居籰. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Jue [攫] means grasping with claws." The Tongsuwen says: "Grasping with the hand is called jue." The Cangjiepian says: "Jue means striking; when a beast is cornered, it claws.")

71.152

Plucking out the heart (搯心: [搯 is] fanqie 他勞. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Tao [搯] means gouging [掐]." The character 掐 has the fanqie 一活. In the Central Plains people say qia [掐]; in Jiangnan they say tiao [挑], with the fanqie 土彫).

71.153

Piercing with a sharp iron tool (鑱剌: [鑱 is] fanqie 仕衫; the lower character [剌 is] fanqie 七亦. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Chan [鑱] means sharp.")

71.154

Draining them (漉諸: [漉 is] also written as 𥂖; both have the fanqie 力木. It describes the appearance of water descending).

71.155

Utpala (嗢鉢羅: [嗢 is] fanqie 烏沒. Here it is translated as black lily / blue lotus [daihua]. Formerly called youpoluo [優鉢羅] or oupoluo [漚鉢羅], which are erroneous).

71.156

Padma (鉢特摩: [特 is] fanqie 徒得. Here it is translated as red lotus. Formerly called botoumo [波頭摩] or botanmo [鉢曇摩], which are all erroneous).

71.157

Chilly and piercing (淒勁: [淒 is] fanqie 且奚; the lower character [勁 is] fanqie 居政. The Classic of Poetry says: "Chilly is the wind." The commentary says: "Qi [淒] means a cold wind; jing [勁] means sharp and fierce.")

71.158

Assembling (屯聚: [屯 is] fanqie 徒昆. The Guangya says: "Tun [屯] means gathering." The pronunciation of 聚 is fanqie 才句).

71.159

Stiff and hard (殭鞕: [殭 is] fanqie 居良; the lower character [鞕 is] fanqie 五更. The Zilüe says: "What does not decay is called jiang [殭]; what is hard is called ying [鞕].")

71.160

Kiṃnara (緊捺落: [捺 is] fanqie 奴葛. Here it is translated as "human yet non-human", a god of singing with the head of a horse. Formerly called jinnuoluo [緊那羅] or zhentuoluo [真陀羅], which are all erroneous).

71.161

Torch and needle (炬鍼: [炬 is] fanqie 其呂; the lower character, according to the Shenglei, is now written as 針; both have the fanqie 支諶. A bundle of fire is called a torch [炬]; that which sews clothing is called a needle [針]).

71.162

Dry vomiting (空歐: [歐 is] also written as 嘔; both have the fanqie 於口. Ou [嘔] means to vomit. The Shiming says: "Ou [歐] means bending over [傴]; when about to vomit, one's back bends over.")

71.163

Venomous swelling (毒脪: [脪 is] also written in the two forms 㾙 and 𤴾; all have the fanqie 火靳. In Jiangnan they speak of swollen flesh [脪腫]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Flesh protruding.")

71.164

Ghost's throat (鬼胭: [胭 is] also written as 咽; both have the fanqie 一千. Yan [胭] means throat. Northerners call the neck yan).

71.165

Stripping and squeezing (㓟𮊞: [㓟 has] the pronunciation pi; the lower character is also written as 涑; both have the fanqie 子禮. The Guangya says: "Pi [㓟] means to peel; zhe [𮊞] means to strain, referring to pressing out its juice.")

71.166

Receiving offerings (饗受: [饗 is] also written as 享; both have the fanqie 虛仰. It means partaking of offerings, referring to spirits eating vapor; it also means to offer. The pronunciation of xin [歆] is fanqie 虛音).

71.167

俱臻 (Fanqie: 側 + 巾 [zhēn]. The Erya says: "臻 (zhēn) means to arrive (至).")

71.168

歡娛 (In the Zigu, the ancient script writes it as 虞; now written as 娛. Fanqie: 疑 + 區 [yú]. The Shuowen says: "娛 means joy (樂); it signifies all having delight.")

71.169

Fascicle Thirty-two

71.170

烏施羅末 (The name of a plant [uśīra powder]; in shape it resembles Chinese wild ginger [xixin], and its nature is extremely cold.)

71.171

剋勝 (Also written as 克. Fanqie: 口 + 得 [kè]. The Zilin says: "剋 means able to (能); 剋 also means to conquer (勝).")

71.172

林藤 (Fanqie: 徒 + 登 [téng]. The Guangya says: "藤 means creeping vines (藟). Today, plants that spread like arrowroot vines are called 藤.")

71.173

率土 (Fanqie: 所 + 律 [shuài]. The Erya says: "率 means from (自) or to follow (循).")

71.174

Fascicle Thirty-three

71.175

夷悅 (Fanqie: 余 + 之 [yí]. The Shuowen says: "夷 means level/peaceful (平), and also bright (明) and constant (常). 悅 means joyful (樂).")

71.176

所瀹 (Also written as 瀹, 𩰲, or 汋, the three forms are identical. Fanqie: 臾 + 灼 [yuè]. The Tongsu wen says: "To boil an item in hot water is called 瀹." The Guangya says: "瀹 means to take something out from boiling water." In Jiangdong, 瀹 is called 煠; 煠 has the sound [fanqie] of 助 + 甲 [zhá].)

71.177

不肖 (Fanqie: 私 + 妙 [xiào]. The Xiao Erya says: "不肖 means not resembling (不似). It means one's flesh and bones do not resemble one's forebears; hence it is called 不肖, referring to weak or wicked sorts. The character derives from 'flesh' (肉) with 'small' (小) as its phonetic.)

71.178

𭼩禱 (First character fanqie: 於 + 冉 [yǎn]; second character fanqie: 都 + 道 [dǎo]. The Ziyuan says: "𭼩 means inauspicious dreams during sleep; lying prostrate and feeling oppressed in heart is called 𭼩." The Shuowen says: "To report an affair and make a supplication is called 禱; it refers to supplicating ghosts and spirits.")

71.179

製作 (Fanqie: 之 + 世 [zhì]. 製 means to tailor or construct (裁製); 制 means to cut off/decide (斷之). The Shuowen says: "作 means to formulate (制).")

71.180

菴沒羅 (Formerly said as 菴摩 [āmra], and also written as 阿摩勒 [āmalaka], both of which are erroneous. Its leaves resemble small jujubes and its fruit resembles walnuts; its taste is sour and bitter, and it is roughly suitable for use as medicine.)

71.181

主宰 (Fanqie: 祖 + 待 [zǎi]. The Liji says: "The stewarding official (宰夫) acts as the host of the offerings (獻主); it refers to the official in charge of provisions.")

71.182

擅立 (Fanqie: 市 + 戰 [shàn]. The Guangya says: "擅 means to act presumptuously/monopolize (專); to take it upon oneself exclusively to do something.")

71.183

專已 (Fanqie: 之 + 緣 [zhuān]. 專 is like being self-opinionated (自是); 專 also means single-minded (壹) or arbitrary (任).)

71.184

Fascicle Thirty-four

71.185

屋宇 (Ancient script 㝢; seal script 𢉠; identical. Fanqie: 子 + 甫 [yǔ]. The Shuowen says: "宇 means the eaves around a building (屋邊檐)." The Shiming states: "宇 is like feathers (羽); it is like a bird's wings covering itself. In the case of a realm, the four drooping borders constitute its 宇.")

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese