一切經音義 91

English (machine translation) 91

Language: English

91.2

This fascicle covers from the first through the fifth [fascicles].

91.3

Sounds for the Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks, Fascicle One

彝倫 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 以之 [yí]. Kong's commentary to the Shangshu says: "彝 means constant." The Kaosheng says: "The name of a wine vessel; the Zhouli has the six sacrificial vessels [彝]." The Shuowen says: "A regular vessel of the ancestral temple; it is a pictographic character; it takes 米, 糸, and 𠬞 [pronounced gǒng], representing two hands holding the vessel whose contents are solid, with 王 as phonetic, where 王 is pronounced with the fanqie 京又 [jiàng]." In the transmission, writing it with 分 as 彝 is a scribal error.)

91.5

澆淳 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 既堯 [jiāo]. The Huainanzi says: "澆 means thin [in morals]." The Shuowen says: "沃也 [to water, to wash over]; it takes 水 as radical and 堯 as phonetic." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 垂倫 [chún]. The Gujin zhengzi says: "淳 is like 𥂖; it takes 水 as radical and 享 as phonetic." 𥂖 is pronounced like 渌.)

91.6

扣玄機 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 口吼 [kǒu]. The commentary to the Lunyu says: "扣 means to strike." The Guangya says: "To hold." The Shuowen says it takes 手 as radical and 口 as phonetic. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 既希 [jī]. The Shuowen says: "Arising and shooting forth; it takes 木 as radical and 機 as phonetic.")

91.7

煥𠂠 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 歡貫 [huàn]. The Kaosheng says: "Brilliant." Cang Jie says: "The appearance of literary ornament." The Gujin zhengzi says it takes 火 as radical and 奐 as phonetic, with 奐 pronounced the same as above.)

91.8

未纘 (Pronounced with the fanqie 鑽管 [zuǎn]. The Erya says: "To bind." The Shuowen says it takes 糸 as radical and 贊 as phonetic.)

91.9

大抵 (The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 丁禮 [dǐ]. 大抵 [dàdǐ] is like 大約 [in general], a broad overview. The Shuowen says: "To push aside; it takes 手 as radical and 氐 as phonetic." 擠 is pronounced 祭 [jì]; 氐 is pronounced the same as 氐 above.)

91.10

駘足 (Pronounced with the fanqie 待來 [dài]. The Chuci says: "Whipping the sluggish, weary horse to take the road." The Yupian says: "A 駘 is an inferior, slow horse.")

91.11

𧭘之 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 布戶 [bù]. The Guangya says: "譜 means a genealogical tablet." The Shiming says: "譜 means to spread out; to set forth in order to reveal its matters." The Gujin zhengzi says it is a phono-semantic character.)

91.12

竚對 (Pronounced with the fanqie 除呂 [zhù], a rising tone character. The Yunying says: "To stand for a long time." The Kaosheng says: "To wait." The Shuowen says it takes 立 as radical and 宁 as phonetic; it is also written as 佇, with 宁 pronounced the same as above.)

91.13

逖聽 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 汀歷 [tì]. Kong's commentary to the Shangshu says: "逖 means distant." Zheng's commentary to the Liji says: "It means 滌, the appearance of swift coming and going." The Shuowen says it takes 辵 as radical and 狄 as phonetic; it is also written as 逷, with the same pronunciation and meaning.)

91.14

編韋 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 褊綿 [biān]. Liu Zhao's commentary to the Gongyang zhuan says: "編韋 means linking together those bamboo slips that have been made." The Shuowen says: "To arrange bamboo slips in order; it takes 糸 as radical and 扁 as phonetic." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 位歸 [wéi]. The Shuowen says: "Tanned animal hides, which can be used to bundle bent items; it takes [舛-夕+?] with 口 as phonetic." [舛-夕+?] is pronounced with the fanqie 川兖 [chuǎn]; 口 is pronounced like 韋. 褊 is pronounced with the fanqie 卑演 [biǎn], taking 衣 as radical.)

91.15

𠜂定 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 殺姧 [shān]. The Shenglei says: "𠜂 means to settle its affairs." The Shuowen says: "剟 [to prune, to cut away]; it takes 刀 and 𠕋 as radicals." 剟 is pronounced with the fanqie 竹劣 [zhuō]; 𠕋 is pronounced like 策.)

91.16

懿德 (The upper character has the sound 意 [yì].)

91.17

巳頒 (Pronounced with the fanqie 八蠻 [bān]. Du's commentary to the Zuozhuan says: "To distribute; to proclaim." The Fangyan says: "To arrange." The Shuowen says: "To divide; it takes 頁 as radical and 分 as phonetic." 頁 is pronounced like 頡.)

91.18

城闉 (Pronounced with the fanqie 一寅 [yīn]. The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: "闉 means curved." The Shuowen says: "The inner curved gate among the multiple city gates; it is a phono-semantic character.")

91.19

衒之 (Pronounced with the fanqie 玄練 [xuàn]; it is a personal name.)

91.20

智璬 (Pronounced with the fanqie 澆了 [jiǎo]; it is a monk's name.)

91.21

炎燠 (Pronounced with the fanqie 英菊 [yù], and also pronounced 奧 [ào]. The Shuowen says: "Warm; heat within; it takes 火 as radical and 奧 as phonetic.")

91.22

江泌 (Pronounced with the fanqie 悲媚 [bì]; it is a personal name.)

91.23

擺撥 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 百買 [bǎi], which is a popular character; the standard form takes 卑 with 手 as radical, written as 捭. The Kaosheng says: "To wave the hands." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 般末 [bō]. He's commentary to the Gongyang says: "撥 means to bring order to chaos." The Guangya says: "To eliminate." The Shuowen says it takes 手 as radical and 發 as phonetic; it is a phono-semantic character.)

91.24

閩越 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 密邠 [mǐn]. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 袁月 [yuè]. Guo's commentary to the Shanhaijing says: "Minyue and Xi'ou are the Jian'an commandery; it borders the sea." The Shuowen says: "The Min are a snake breed of the southern Yue; it takes 虫 as radical and 門 as phonetic." The lower character 越 takes 或 with 戉 as phonetic, pronounced the same as above.)

91.25

綴比 (The upper character is pronounced 追衛 [zhuì]. Jia's commentary to the Guoyu says: "綴 means to connect." The Shuowen says: "To join together; it takes 糸 as radical and 叕 as phonetic." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 頻蜜 [bì]. The Yunying says: "To arrange in sequence." In the transmission, writing it with 糸 as 紕 is incorrect. 糸 is pronounced 覓 [mì]; 叕 is pronounced with the fanqie 轉劣 [zhuō].)

91.26

臨睨 (The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 霓計 [nì]. The Shuowen says: "睇睨 means to look askance; it takes 目 as radical and 兒 as phonetic." Another source says: "An aperture in the wall atop a city rampart.")

91.27

𩜈鳳 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 依據 [yù]. The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: "𩜈 means satiated." The Wenzidian shuo says: "To be satisfied; it takes 食 as radical.")

91.28

廊廡 (The upper character has the sound 郎 [láng]. The lower character has the sound 舞 [wǔ]. Both refer to the side buildings on either side below the main hall. The Wenzidian shuo says: "A large building is called a 廡; a small building with short eaves is called a 廊; they are phono-semantic characters.")

91.29

檐霤 (The upper character has the sound 閻 [yán], meaning the eaves of a house; the Shuowen says it takes 木 as radical and 詹 as phonetic. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 流救 [liù]. The Liji says: "霤 refers to dripping before the eaves." The Shuowen says it takes 雨 as radical and 留 as phonetic.)

91.30

歔欷 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 許魚 [xū]. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 喜飢 [xī]. The Cang Jie pian says: "歔欷 is the lingering sound of sobbing and weeping.")

91.31

爽溰 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 霜兩 [shuǎng]. The Guangya says: "爽 means noble." The Shuowen says: "Bright; it takes 叕 [pronounced with the fanqie 力討, lǎo] and takes 大." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 開改 [kǎi]. Du's commentary to the Zuozhuan says: "爽 means bright; 塏 means dry; high and dry land in the open country.")

91.32

蓼莪 (The upper character has the sound 陸 [lù]. The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: "蓼蓼 describes being tall and large." The lower character has the sound 蛾 [é]. Guo's commentary to the Erya says: "莪 is mugwort." The Mao Shijing has 'Luo'e' [Dodder and mugwort] and 'Liao'e' [Tall mugwort]; they are phono-semantic characters.)

91.33

匳篋 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 力沾 [lián]. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 謙葉 [qiè]. They have already been explained in fascicle eleven of the previous transmission.)

91.34

殫世俗 (The upper character has the sound 單 [dān]. The Shuowen says: "Exhausted; consumed." Thirty years is called a generation [世].)

91.35

郊禋 (The upper character has the sound 交 [jiāo]. The Erya says: "Outside the city is called the suburbs [郊]." Du Yu says: "Fifty li is the near suburb; one hundred li is the far suburb." The lower character has the sound 因 [yīn]. Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Zhouli says: "禋 means smoke; the people of Zhou valued fragrance, using fragrant smoke to make offerings to the High God." The Guoyu says: "Making offerings with pure intent is called 禋." The Kaosheng says: "To sacrifice with purity." The Shuowen says: "Pure sacrifice; it takes 示 as radical and 垔 as phonetic, with the latter pronounced the same as above." 示 is pronounced 祇 [qí].)

91.36

寒㑺 (The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 遵陖 [jùn]. The Kaosheng says: "Talent surpassing a thousand people is called 㑺; having might and power; extraordinary; below it takes 弓, 隹, and 人 as an ideogrammatic compound.")

91.37

璽書 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 斯紫 [xǐ]. The Yunying says: "The imperial treasure transmitted through the state." The Kaosheng says: "The Son of Heaven's jade seal." Ancient script wrote 璽 with 土 as radical; nowadays it takes 玉 as radical; it is a phono-semantic character.)

91.38

𢹲拾 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 鬼運 [jùn]. The Kaosheng says: "𢹲 also means to pick up." The Gujin zhengzi says it takes 手 as radical and 麇 as phonetic. 麇 is pronounced like 君 [jūn].)

91.39

芟足 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 沙咸 [shān]. The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: "To cut grass with a blade." The Shuowen says: "To mow grass; it takes 草 as radical and 殳 as phonetic." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 精裕 [zù]. The Yunying says it means to supplement; it is a phonetic loan character.)

91.40

鐫之 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 井緣 [juān]. The Fangyan says: "鐫 is like carving." The Shuowen says: "鐫 means carving into metal and stone to record affairs; it takes 雋 abbreviated as phonetic.")

91.41

巖龕 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 牙監 [yán]. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 勘甘 [kān]. The Guangya says: "龕 means to contain." The Shuowen says it takes 龍 as radical and 含 abbreviated as phonetic.)

91.42

櫛比 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 臻瑟 [zhì]. The Shuowen says: "櫛 is the general term for combs." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 頻蜜 [bì]. The Guangya says: "比 means linked together." The Shuowen says: "Close together; dense.")

91.43

鍒金 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 如州 [róu]. The Yupian says: "It means making iron and the like malleable and soft; it takes 金 as radical and 柔 as phonetic." The transmission's text says 'softening metal with stone', which is errant speech.)

91.44

衣盋 (The lower character has the sound 鉢 [bō]. The Zidian shuo says: "盋 is the same as 𥁄, being the standard form; it takes 皿 as radical and 犮 as phonetic. Writing it as 鉢 is a popular variant.")

91.45

遞相 (The upper character has the sound 弟 [dì]. The Kaosheng says: "遞 means alternating; in turns." It is also written as 递 in the rising tone, taking 虒 [pronounced 雉, zhì] with 辵 as radical.)

91.46

渰雲 (The upper character has the sound 奄 [yǎn]. The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: "渰 describes the appearance of overcast clouds." The Gujin zhengzi says: "Rising clouds are called 渰." 擢 is pronounced 濁 [zhuó], meaning to pluck or select. It describes the appearance of rain; it takes 木 as radical and 弇 as phonetic, with the latter pronounced the same as above.)

91.47

Deliberating and assessing (商搉: the upper character is pronounced with the fanqie sound of *sh[ang]-* [商], meaning to deliberate; the lower character is pronounced *jue* [角]; the *Kaosheng* says it means to monopolize profit; the *Shiji* states that it means to assess and measure the prices and values of goods in buying and selling; the *Shuowen* states that it is categorized under radical 木 with 寉 as phonetic, where 寉 is *he* [*h(e)-* + *g(e)*, 何各反], and being composed of 冂 and 隹, protruding from 冂 is called 鶴 [crane]).

91.48

Husi Chun ([百*(升-┬+下)]斯椿: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *h[ong]-g[u]* [紅谷反], a popular character variant, also written as 斛, a non-Han surname; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *ch[i]-l[un]* [恥倫反], a person's name and also the name of a tree, a phono-semantic compound character).

91.49

Tireless (孜孜: with the fanqie sound of *z[i]-c[i]* [子慈反]; the *Kaosheng* states that it means unwearied, deep love, overcoming, and strenuous).

91.50

Merely gesturing (聊撝: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *l[iao]-d[iao]* [了彫反]; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *h[ui]-w[ei]* [毀為反]; the *Yunying* states that 撝 means [motion of] the hand; it is categorized under radical 手 with 為).

91.51

Washing and cleansing (盥洒: the upper character is a departing-tone character with the fanqie sound of *g[uan]-w[an]* [官注椀反]; the *Kaosheng* states that 盥 means washing hands; it is composed of 臼 [pronounced *ju* (菊)], 水 [water], and 皿 [vessel], being an ideogrammic compound character; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *x[ing]-l[i]* [星禮反], also written as 洗, both categorized under radical 水 and being phono-semantic compound characters).

91.52

Corners and recesses (隅隩: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *y[u]-j[u]* [遇俱反]; the *Kaogong ji* states that 隅 means a corner; the *Shuowen* states it means an inlet [陬], pronounced with the fanqie of *z[ou]-h[ou]* [走侯反]; the lower character is pronounced *ao* [奧]; Guo [Pu]'s commentary on the *Erya* states that 隩 means a concealed and secluded place; the *Cangjie pian* states that 隩 means to conceal; the *Shuowen* states that both characters 隅 and 隩 are categorized under radical 阜 and are phono-semantic compound characters).

91.53

Holding a tablet (持笏: [笏 has] the fanqie sound of *h[un]-g[u]* [昏骨反]; it is the handheld tablet held by worthy officials at court, made of either ivory or wood; the ancients used it to record affairs lest they be forgotten; the *Shuowen* states that it is categorized under radical 竹 with 勿 as phonetic).

91.54

Plucking and gathering (採摘: the upper character is pronounced like 釆; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *zh[i]-g[e]* [知革反]; the *Yunying* states that it means taking by hand; it is also written as 擿).

91.55

Zhixian (智僊: the lower character has the fanqie sound of *x[ue]-y[an]* [薛延反]; a monk's name).

91.56

Familiar and proficient (諳練: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *an-h[an]* [暗含反]; the *Kaosheng* states that it means to recite by heart, chant, or explain; it is a popular character form; the standard form is categorized under radical 酉 and radical 言, written as 𧫧; now it is abbreviated with radical 音).

91.57

Searching and selecting (搜選: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *sh[u]-z[ou]* [疎鄒反]; the *Wenzi dian shuo* states that it means to seek; the *Shenglei* states that 搜 means to gather; character dictionaries state that it means to search; it is categorized under radical 手 with 叟 as phonetic).

91.58

Commoners (氓品: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *m[o]-p[eng]* [陌彭反], meaning the common folk, the multitudes of the people).

91.59

Sailing sea-craft (泛舶: the lower character is pronounced *bo* [白]; it is a large ship on the sea, drawing sixty feet of water, built by stacking squared timber).

91.60

Smelting and casting (鎔冶: the upper character is pronounced *rong* [容]; the *Kaosheng* states that it is the method of casting metal; the *Shuowen* states it is the method for smelting vessels, a phono-semantic compound character; the lower character is pronounced *ye* [野]; the *Kaogong ji* states that it refers to artisans who work metal; the *Shuowen* states that 𨩠 means this; it is categorized under radical 冫 with 台 as phonetic).

91.61

Gongwei (公頠: [頠 has] the fanqie sound of *w[ei]-g[ui]* [危鬼反]; a person's name).

91.62

Stepping onto water ([日/羽]水上: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *t[an]-h[e]* [貪合反]; spreading lotus leaves across water to ride on them).

91.63

Petty and insignificant (佌瑣: the upper character is pronounced *ci* [此]; the *Kaosheng* states that it describes the appearance of a petty person; it is categorized under radical 人 with 此 as phonetic; in commentary transmissions it is written with radical 王, which is not the original character; the lower character is pronounced *suo* [鎖], with the fanqie sound of *s[u]-g[uo]* [蘇果反]; the *Erya* states that 佌佌 and 瑣瑣 both mean small in appearance).

91.64

Huaichang (懷敞: [敞 has] the fanqie sound of *ch[ang]-zh[ang]* [昌掌反]; the *Kaosheng* states that it means open, bright, or high ground used for gazing out; it is categorized under radical 攴 with 尚 as phonetic).

91.65

Faju (法[(〦/(目*目)/大)*毛]: [the second character has] the fanqie sound of *j[u]-y[u]* [具愚反]; a person's name of Commissioner Huang; it also belongs to the category of woolen brocade).

91.66

Fiercely annihilating (勍殄: the upper character is pronounced *qing* [擎], meaning strong; the *Kaosheng* states that it means possessing much strength; it is categorized under radical 力 with 京 as phonetic; the lower character is a rising-tone character with the fanqie sound of *t[ian]-d[ian]* [田典反]; Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the *Shangshu* states that 殄 means to cut off; the *Shuowen* states it means to exhaust; it is categorized under radical 歺 with 㐱, where 㐱 has the fanqie sound of *zh[i]-r[en]* [之忍反]).

91.67

Sojourning (僑寓: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *q[u]-j[iao]* [渠驕反]; the *Guangya* states that it means lodging as a guest).

91.68

Ouyang (歐陽: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *y[i]-h[ou]* [乙侯反]; a person's surname).

91.69

Comprehensive and rich (該富: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *g[ai]-h[ai]* [改孩反]; Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the *Guoyu* states that 該 means fully equipped; the *Guangya* states it means to encompass; the *Shuowen* states that it is categorized under radical 言 with 亥 as phonetic).

91.70

Desolate and silent (𨶑然: with the fanqie sound of *q[ing]-y[i]* [傾伇反]; the *Kaosheng* states that it describes an appearance devoid of people, lonely and vast; it is categorized under radical 門 with 具 as phonetic).

91.71

Cool and warm (涼燠: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *l[iang]-zh[ang]* [兩張反]; the *Kaosheng* states that 涼 means cold; it is categorized under radical 水; the lower character is pronounced *ao* [奧]; the *Kaosheng* states that 燠 means hot; it is also pronounced with the fanqie of *y[u]-l[iu]* [於六反]; in the *Mao Shi* it means extreme heat, with identical meaning).

91.72

Compiling and weaving together (綴緝: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *zh[ui]-w[ei]* [追衛反]; the *Kaosheng* states that it means to connect together; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *q[ing]-l[i]* [清立反]; Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the *Mao Shi* states that 緝 means to continue; it is a phono-semantic compound character).

91.73

Zhijiao (智敫: [敫 has] the fanqie sound of *y[ang]-zh[uo]* [陽斫反]; the *Yunying* states that it means flashing beams of light; the *Wenzi dian shuo* states that it is categorized under radical 白 and radical 放, being an ideogrammic compound character).

91.74

Investigating and verifying (研覈: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *y[an]-j[ian]* [硯堅反]; the *Kaosheng* states that 研 means to grind; the *Shuowen* states that it is categorized under radical 石 with 幵 as phonetic; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *x[ing]-g[e]* [行革反]; the *Yunying* states that it means examining real facts; the *Wenzi dian shuo* states that it means examining matters to ascertain reality, cutting off prevaricating words to obtain the truth [覈]; it is categorized under radical 西 with 敫 as phonetic).

91.75

Gathering and picking up (掇拾: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *d[uan]-l[uo]* [端捋反]; 拾掇 means picking up; 拾 means to take; the lower character is pronounced *shi* [十]).

91.76

Huige (慧哿: [哿 has] the fanqie sound of *g[e]-w[o]* [哥我反]; Du [Yu]'s commentary on the *Zuo Zhuan* states that it means joyful; it is a person's name).

91.77

Kandeng (瞰等: [瞰 has] the fanqie sound of *k[an]-l[an]* [堪濫反]; the *Shuowen* states that it means to look into the distance; it is a person's name).

91.78

Pointing out and emending (指訂: [訂 has] the fanqie sound of *t[ing]-d[ing]* [珽丁反]; the *Cangjie pian* states that 訂 means to critique and discuss; it is an even-tone character).

91.79

Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks, Fascicle Two

91.80

State of the Rouran (芮芮國: with the fanqie sound of *r[uo]-r[ui]* [爇銳反], also named the State of Ruan [䎡], the name of a minor state among the northern nomadic Tujue).

91.81

Marketplace (市廛: the upper character is a rising-tone character with the fanqie sound of *sh[i]-zh[i]* [時止反]; the 'Xici' commentary of the *Zhouyi* states: 'Shennong made markets in the middle of the day'; Jia Kui states that market means trade and profit; the *Shuowen* states that it is a place for buying and selling; the *Wenzi dian shuo* states that people arriving from outside represents things reaching one another; it is categorized under radical 冋 and radical 及).

91.82

Market dwelling (廛𠆴: [廛 has] the fanqie sound of *ch[e]-l[ian]* [徹連反]; one and a half mu constitutes one household's empty ground in an urban market; it is also written as 𫮈; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *n[ing]-x[iao]* [儜効反]; it is categorized under radical 市 with radical 人, being an ideogrammic compound character).

91.83

Inherited within (內襲: [襲 has] the fanqie sound of *x[un]-r[en]* [尋人反]; Du [Yu]'s commentary on the *Zuo Zhuan* states that 襲 means to receive, or inside; the *Shuowen* states it means garments fastening on the left; it is categorized under radical 龍 and radical 衣, being a mutually explanatory derivative character).

91.84

Withered and destitute (凋窘: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *n[iao]-ch[a]* [鳥察反]; Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the *Guoyu* states that it means damaged and exhausted; the *Shuowen* states that it means half injured; it is categorized under radical 冫; the commentary transmission writes it with radical 彡 as 凋, which is not suitable here; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *q[u]-y[un]* [渠殞]; the commentary on the *Mao Shi* states that 窘 means urgent; the *Shuowen* states it means pressed; it is categorized under radical 穴 with 君 as phonetic).

91.85

Gorges and ravines (溝壑: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *g[ou]-h[ou]* [苟侯反]; the *Shuowen* states that 溝 means a water trench; it is categorized under radical 水 with 冓 as phonetic; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *h[e]-g[e]* [訶各反]; Guo [Pu]'s commentary on the *Erya* states that 壑 means a pit or moat, an earthen ruin; the *Shuowen* states that 壑 is also a ditch; it is categorized under [(├/(同-(一/口)+、))*又], 谷, and 上).

91.86

Great grace (隆渥: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *l[u]-ch[ong]* [陸冲反], meaning raised high; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *y[a]-j[ue]* [鵶角反], meaning favor).

91.87

Bustling and crowded (雜沓: with the fanqie sound of *t[an]-h[e]* [談合反]; an appearance of great numbers).

91.88

Traveling guest (羈客: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *j[i]-y[i]* [紀宜反]; Zheng Xuan says it is a guest traveling past and lodging; the *Shuowen* states that it is a horse bridle; it is categorized under radical 𠕀 and radical 馽, where 馽 has the fanqie sound of *zh[i]-r[u]* [知入反], meaning a horse bridle).

91.89

Lofty as (聳若: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *s[u]-y[ong]* [粟勇反], meaning lofty and high).

91.90

Rushing water (駛水: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *sh[i]-c[i]* [師廁反], meaning swiftly flowing water).

91.91

Childhood (髫齔: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *t[ing]-y[ao]* [庭遙反]; 髫 means infant hair; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *ch[a]-j[in]* [差僅反], meaning losing baby teeth).

91.92

Holding integrity (秉操: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *b[ing]-m[in]* [兵皿反]; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *c[ang]-d[ao]* [倉到反]).

91.93

Resonating clatter (鏗然: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *k[e]-g[eng]* [客耕反]; the *Shenglei* states that 鏗 means firm, or the sound of striking a zither; it is also written as 銵 or 樫, both identical to the above).

91.94

Reforming and changing (釐改: [釐 has] the fanqie sound of *l[i]-zh[i]* [里知反]; 釐 means to renovate and alter; to regulate and settle).

91.95

Ou and Min (甌閩: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *ou-h[ou]* [嘔侯反]; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *m[i]-b[in]* [密邠反]; Xi'ou and Nanyue; Guo Pu says it is a place name in Jian'an Commandery, of serpent stock).

91.96

Bestowing by imperial decree (𠕋授: the upper character is pronounced *ce* [策]; Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the *Zhouli* states that 𠕋 refers to bamboo slips recording the king's commands; the *Shuowen* states it is an imperial tally, being a pictographic character).

91.97

Zhixuan (智鉉: the lower character is pronounced *xian* [縣]; a monk's name).

91.98

Dāna (韃拏: the upper character is pronounced *jian* [健]; the next character has the fanqie sound of *n[ing]-j[ia]* [儜加反]; Sanskrit).

91.99

Mingled and mixed (雜糅: the lower character has the fanqie sound of *n[i]-j[iu]* [尼救反]; categorized under radical 米 with 柔 as phonetic).

91.100

Mount Quanwu (巏[山*(騖-馬+力)]山: the upper character is pronounced *huan* [歡]; the lower character is pronounced *wu* [務]).

91.101

Xiao Que (簫慤: [慤 has] the fanqie sound of *q[iang]-j[ue]* [腔角反]).

91.102

Examining directly (指覈: [覈 has] the fanqie sound of *x[ing]-g[e]* [幸革反]; 覈 means to verify).

91.103

Crystal bowl (頗黎椀: the correct Sanskrit pronunciation is *sphaṭika*; the rendering *poli* is an erroneous abbreviation of older translations).

91.104

Buried away (𱱜而: [𱱜 has] the fanqie sound of *y[ing]-j[i]* [英罽反], meaning to bury away).

91.105

Cultivating and carrying on (修纘: [纘 has] the fanqie sound of *z[u]-g[uan]* [祖管反], also written as 纂; Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the *Guoyu* states that 纂 means to continue; the *Shuowen* states it means fine; it is categorized under radical 糸 with 𮅕 as phonetic; written as 脩 in transmissions is incorrect).

91.106

Model and pattern (規摸: the upper character has the fanqie sound of *g[ui]-w[ei]* [癸惟反]; the lower character has the fanqie sound of *m[o]-b[u]* [莫晡反]).

91.107

俄舛 [suddenly discordant / contradictory] (The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 川兖 [chuǎn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To lie down facing away from each other; it is a pictographic character.' The component 夕 is pronounced shuī, and the component 㐄 is pronounced kuǎ; it is a character in the rising tone).

91.108

紕謬 [error and falsity] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 匹彌 [pī]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Liji says: 'An error.' The Posthumous Titles Law says: 'When one's conduct is discordant with reality, it is called jiāo [stubbornness].' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Deceitful words; it derives from 言 [words] with 翏 as phonetic.' 翏 is pronounced with the fanqie 力救 [liù]).

91.109

諳篆隷 [versed in seal and clerical scripts] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 暗含 [ān]. The Picang says: '諳 means to recite.' The Erya says: 'To intone.' The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 傳免 [zhuàn]. Shi Zhou composed the great seal script, and Li Si, Chancellor of Qin, composed the small seal script. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To stretch out characters; it derives from 竹 [bamboo] with 彖 as phonetic.' 彖 is pronounced with the fanqie 脫亂 [tuàn]. The third character is pronounced with the fanqie 黎帝 [lì]. Cheng Miao created clerical script, altering Li Si's small seal script to become clerical. It is also written as 隷. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It derives from 𰧭 with 隶 as phonetic').

91.110

Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks, Fascicle Three (The sixteenth fascicle)

91.111

慧[頤-頁+(朿/貝)] [Huilun / Huize] (The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 崢責 [zé]; it is the orthodox form of the character and the name of a monk. 崢 is pronounced with the fanqie 查行 [zhēng]. The character 賾 derives from 𱼧, which is pronounced yí, with 責 as phonetic).

91.112

樹[勛-口+(朿-木+大)] [to establish merit] (The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 精亦 [jī]. It is also written as 績; it derives from 力 [strength] with 責 as phonetic).

91.113

卓犖 [outstanding and eminent] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 陟角 [zhuó]; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 力角 [luò]. It has already been explained fully in Fascicle Four of the Biographies of Eminent Monks in the preceding case).

91.114

道闋 [the Way ceases / is suspended] (Pronounced with the fanqie 犬悅 [quē]. The Mao Commentary to the Classic of Poetry says: '闋 means to cease.' Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Yili says: 'To come to an end.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Closing the doors when matters are concluded; it derives from 門 [gate] with 癸 as phonetic').

91.115

鑑亾 [to mirror the deceased / examine what has passed away] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 監懺 [jiàn]. It is also written as 鑒, which is identical; the gloss is the same. The Guangya says: '鑑 means to illumine.' The Mao Commentary to the Classic of Poetry says: '鑒 means to examine appearances.' The Shuowen jiezi says it is a phono-semantic character).

91.116

慢聳 [negligent and towering / arrogant] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 蠻盼 [màn]. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the Book of Documents says: '慢 means slight.' Gu Yewang says: 'To disrespect and insult.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It derives from 心 [mind] with 曼 as phonetic.' 曼 is pronounced wàn. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 相勇 [sǒng]. Guo [Pu]'s commentary on the Fangyan says: 'Desire.' The Kaosheng says: 'Lofty.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It derives from 耳 [ear] and 從 [follow] as phonetics').

91.117

函杖 [enclosing the staff] (The first character is pronounced like 含 [hán]. The Kaosheng says: '函 means to contain; to hold in the mouth.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It derives from 弓 [bow]; it is a pictographic character.' It is also written as 涵).

91.118

瑩心 [purifying the mind] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 縈定 [yìng]. In the text of the biography it is written with 金 [metal] as 鎣. The Guangya says: 'To polish,' meaning to polish pearls, jade, and the like to make them lustrous. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The colour of jade; it derives from 玉 [jade] with the reduced 熒 as phonetic').

91.119

砥礪 [whetstones / to sharpen and temper] (The first character is pronounced like 砥 [dǐ]. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 力曳 [lì]. Guo [Pu]'s commentary on the Classic of Mountains and Seas says: '礪 means a whetstone.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A fine polishing stone for sharpening; it is produced at Mount Nizi').

91.120

雷霆 [thunder and lightning] (The second character is pronounced like 庭 [tíng]; it means loud thunder. The Erya says: 'A rapid clap of thunder is a 霆 [thunderbolt],' which is to say a thunderbolt. The Shuowen jiezi states that both are phono-semantic characters).

91.121

脫屣 [casting off slippers] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 吐活 [tuō]. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 所綺 [xǐ]. The Kaosheng says: 'Footwear that does not cover the heels.' It is also written as 𩌦 or 縱, both of which are acceptable).

91.122

靦容 [an ashamed countenance] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 天典 [tiǎn]. The Mao Classic of Poetry says: 'Having a bashful face.' The Kaosheng says: '靦 means ashamed.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'To see face-to-face; it derives from 面 [face] with 見 as phonetic; it is a phono-semantic character').

91.123

忸怩 [blushing with shame] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 尼六 [niù]; the second character is pronounced like 尼 [ní]. Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the Guoyu says: '忸怩 means a face showing shame.' The Guangya says: 'Restrained and fearful.' The Fangyan says: 'Blushing with shame.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Ashamed in the face; it is a phono-semantic character').

91.124

赧然 [blushing] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 儜簡 [nǎn]. The Kaosheng says: '羞赧 means blushing when seeing someone in shame.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It derives from 赤 [red] with 及 as phonetic').

91.125

籠罩 [to enmesh and cover / cages and traps] (The first character is pronounced 祿東 [lóng]; the second character is pronounced 嘲教 [zhào]. 籠 and 䈇 are both catching implements that cover over; covering with a bamboo cage so that fish and birds cannot fly or flee. Writing them as 䍜 and 䈇 is also acceptable; they are phono-semantic characters, both deriving from 𠕀 [net]').

91.126

接紐 [fastening buttons / tying a knot] (Pronounced with the fanqie 女九 [niǔ]; it is a rising-tone character. It means a button or knot of a garment. The Guangya says: '紐 means to bind; that which is tied and cannot be untied.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It derives from 糸 [silk] with 丑 as phonetic').

91.127

蹖馳 [galloping and bounding] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 束容 [chōng]. The Boya says: '蹖 means stepping and leaping.' The Kaosheng says: '蹖馳 describes the manner of jumping and running.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It derives from 足 [foot] with 舂 as phonetic.' 舂 has the same sound as above, and derives from 臼; 臼 is pronounced jiù).

91.128

眷砥途 [looking back at the smooth road] (The last character is pronounced like 止 [zhǐ]; a whetstone; smooth. Looking back at the smooth road as level as a whetstone and sighing. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It derives from 石 [stone] with 氐 as phonetic.' 氐 is pronounced with the fanqie 丁禮 [dǐ]; it is also written as 底).

91.129

炙輠 [greasing the axle-end / fluent eloquence] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 征亦 [zhī]; the second character is pronounced like 果 [guǒ]. The caps at both ends of an axle hub; another explanation says it is a grease horn: when roasted by fire, the grease flows out. Prince Si of Chen [Cao Zhi] had an identical metaphor of greasing the axle-ends, meaning that the talents and learning of Huijing were likewise [inexhaustible]. It derives from 車 [chariot] with 果 as phonetic).

91.130

挫其銳 [blunting one's sharpness] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 祖過 [cuò]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Zhouli says: '挫 means to break.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To snap; it derives from 手 [hand] with 坐 as phonetic.' The last character is pronounced with the fanqie 悅歲 [ruì]. The Guangya says: '銳 means sharp; it derives from 金 [metal] with 兌 as phonetic').

91.131

聲懋 [fame flourishing] (The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 莫候 [mào]. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the Book of Documents says: '懋 means to exert oneself; to flourish.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It derives from 心 [mind] with 楙 as phonetic.' 楙 has the same sound as above).

91.132

掞雅 [displaying elegance] (Pronounced like 艷 [yàn]. Gu Yewang says: 'To shine brightly.' It derives from 手 [hand] with 炎 as phonetic).

91.133

岧嶤 [towering high] (The first character is pronounced like 調 [tiáo]; the second character is pronounced like 堯 [yáo]. The appearance of a mountain being lofty and steep).

91.134

懷鈆 [carrying a lead pencil] (The second character is pronounced like 緣 [yuán]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Zhouli says: '鈆 is blue-green metal.' It derives from 金 [metal] with 公 as phonetic; 公 has the same sound as above).

91.135

踵逸軌 [following the transcendent track] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 鍾勇 [zhǒng]; the last character is pronounced like 鬼 [guǐ]).

91.136

丱歲 [tender youth] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 關患 [guàn]. The Zuanyun says: 'Horn-shaped tufts of hair; it is a pictographic character.' 𩮀 is pronounced zǒng).

91.137

森梢 [dense and towering] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 澀[竺-二+潛] [sēn]; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 所交 [shāo]).

91.138

發軔 [setting off / removing the wheel-chock] (The second character is pronounced like 刃 [rèn]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: 'The wooden chock that blocks the wheel.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Wood that stops a carriage; it derives from 車 [chariot] with 刃 as phonetic').

91.139

聆嘉 [hearing excellence] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 歷丁 [líng]. The Cangjie pian says: 'To listen; it derives from 耳 [ear] with 令 as phonetic').

91.140

韞茲 [treasuring this] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 威粉 [yùn]; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 子思 [zī]. The Kaosheng says: '韞 means to conceal and store').

91.141

矛盾 [contradiction / spear and shield] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 母浮 [móu]; the second character is pronounced like 順 [dùn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A spear is a lance, a halberd; a shield is a protective guard.' Both are pictographic characters).

91.142

勦說 [plagiarising sayings] (Pronounced with the fanqie 焦了 [jiǎo]).

91.143

談柄 [topic / handle of discourse] (Pronounced with the fanqie 兵命 [bìng]. Implements such as the ruyi sceptre are examples of this).

91.144

暫撝 [briefly waving] (The second character is pronounced like 暉 [huī]; waving the hand).

91.145

驚讋 [startled and intimidated] (Pronounced with the fanqie 占葉 [zhé]; it is also written as 慴. 讋 means frightened and fearful; the sound of losing heart).

91.146

挫拉 [crushed and snapped] (The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 藍荅 [là]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To break down; it derives from 手 [hand] with 立 as phonetic.' It also means snapping with the hands).

91.147

磨鈍 [grinding bluntness] (The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 屯混 [dùn]; not sharp; unrefined; a blade lacking edge).

91.148

吹噓 [blowing and puffing / recommending] (The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 許居 [xū]; breath coming out of the mouth).

91.149

叢楹 [clustered pillars] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 族公 [cóng]; the second character is pronounced like 盈 [yíng]. 楹 means pillars; 叢 means clustered together; it derives from 丵 with 取 as phonetic).

91.150

疊榦 [piled planks] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 甜叶 [dié]. The Kaosheng says: '疊 means piled up; layered.' The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 乾岸 [gàn]; the wall planks of today).

91.151

葳蕤 [luxuriant and drooping] (The first character is pronounced like 威 [wēi]; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 而隹 [ruí]; it is the name of a medicinal herb. According to the sense in the biography, 'numinous marks being 葳蕤' means the Buddha has a compassionate countenance, resembling the drooping blossoms of a miraculous herb).

91.152

肸響 [subtle reverberation] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 欣⺄ [xī]; the twitching of veins. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 香兩 [xiǎng]; majestic spiritual power echoing in response, difficult to fathom).

91.153

擁萃 [gathering together] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 邕拱 [yǒng]; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 疾醉 [cuì]. 萃 means assembling to wait upon; it is a phono-semantic character).

91.154

卒諝 [Zu Xu / suddenly clever] (The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 星旅 [xǔ]; a rising-tone character; it is a personal name).

91.155

𧏦動 [wriggling and moving] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 如尹 [rǔn]. The Wenzidian says: '𧏦𧏦 means the wriggling of insects').

91.156

濩落 [vast and expansive / grandiose] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 黃郭 [huò]; the second character is pronounced like 洛 [luò]. The Kaosheng says: '濩落 describes the vast appearance of water.' It means the style of that treatise is vast and its statements grandiose).

91.157

梗槩 [outline / general summary] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 耕杏 [gěng]; a rising-tone character. The second character is pronounced like 葢 [gài]. 梗槩 means its general outline).

91.158

提撕 [pointing out and guiding / summarising] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 弟奚 [tí]; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 星奚 [sī]; lifting the net-cord to give a brief outline).

91.159

椿菌 [the toon tree and the morning mushroom] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 恥倫 [chūn]; the name of a great divine tree that does not wither for eight thousand years. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 群殞 [jùn]; that is, the morning mushroom growing on dung and soil, which is born in the morning and dies by evening).

91.160

爝火 [a torch fire] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 將削 [jué]; a small torch fire, like the light of a firefly).

91.161

妍蚩 [beauty and ugliness] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 嚙堅 [yán]; the orthodox form of the character 研. 妍 means fine, beautiful, intelligent. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 齒之 [chī]. The Shiming says: 'Foolish.' The Shenglei says: '蚩 means foolish.' The Kaosheng says: '蚩 means bad/ugly.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It derives from 虫 [insect] with 㞢 as phonetic.' 㞢 is an ancient form of 之).

91.162

羅縠 [fine lightweight gauze] (Pronounced with the fanqie 紅木 [hú]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'It derives from 糸 [silk] with the reduced 殼 as phonetic').

91.163

蒭蕘 [grass and firewood / rustic folk] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 惻俱 [chú]; it means grass. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 爾招 [ráo]; the appearance of grass newly sprouting).

91.164

鏗然 [resounding / resonant] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 客耕 [kēng]; it means firm and resonant).

91.165

摛掞 [spreading and displaying] (The first character is pronounced with the fanqie 恥知 [chī]; the second character is pronounced like 艷 [yàn]).

91.166

頓袪 [suddenly removed / eliminated] (Pronounced with the fanqie 去魚 [qū]. 袪 means to get rid of).

91.167

各撤 ("Each removed": the second character has the fanqie 恥 + 列 [chǐliè]; it means to diminish or discard).

91.168

迺致 ("Thereupon resulting in": the first character is pronounced like 乃; it is an archaic character).

91.169

璀璨 ("Glittering and resplendent": the first character has the fanqie 崔 + 碎 [cuīsuì]; the second character has the fanqie 倉 + 爛 [cānglàn]).

91.170

鳧鶴 ("Wild ducks and cranes": the first character is pronounced 扶 [fú]; the second character has the fanqie 何 + 各 [hégè]. The fú is a water bird; the hè is an immortal bird).

91.171

鶴籥 ("Crane-shaped key": the second character is pronounced 藥 [yào]; a yuè is a key).

91.172

掇其 ("Gathering them": the first character has the fanqie 竹 + 劣 [zhūliè]; it has the hand radical 扌 and 叕 as phonetic; 叕 has the same pronunciation as the whole character).

91.173

揭其 ("Lifting them up": the first character has the fanqie 䖍 + 糵 [qiánniè]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "To hold high with a staff." It has the hand radical 扌).

91.174

菁華 ("Essence and splendor": the first character is pronounced 精 [jīng]; the second character has the fanqie 話 + 瓜 [huàguā]. The Kaosheng says: "Jīng means fine blossoms").

91.175

愞夫 ("A cowardly man": the first character has the fanqie 奴 + 亂 [nǔluàn]; it means a timid and weak person).

91.176

Continued Biographies of Eminent Monks, Fascicle 4 (Biography of Dharma Master Xuanzang)

91.177

玄弉 (Xuanzang: the second character has the fanqie 藏 + 浪 [zànglàng]. This is the name of the Chinese tripiṭaka master. The Fangyan states: "Zàng means great." The Shuowen jiezi states that it is derived from 大 with 壯 as phonetic. This character also has other pronunciations, which are not adopted here).

91.178

本名褘 ("Originally named Yi": pronounced with the fanqie 倚 + 宜 [yǐyí]. The Yunying says: "Beauty of form." It is derived from the clothing radical 衣).

91.179

解纓 ("Untying the cap-strings": the second character has the fanqie 益 + 盈 [yìyíng]; yīng refers to the tie-strings of a cap).

91.180

長捷 (Changjie: the second character has the fanqie 潛 + 葉 [qiányè]; it is the monastic name of Xuanzang's elder brother; it is derived from the hand radical 扌).

91.181

訝其 ("Marveling at him": pronounced with the fanqie 牙 + 夏 [yáxià]; it means to sigh in admiration).

91.182

跨罩 ("Striding past and covering": the first character has the fanqie 誇 + 化 [kuāhuà], meaning to surpass; the second character has the fanqie 嘲 + 教 [cháojiào], meaning a bamboo fish trap).

91.183

鄴中 ("In Ye": the first character is pronounced 鄴 [yè]; it is the name of a commandery in the northern lands, the capital of Ye).

91.184

指摘 ("To pick out and criticize": the second character has the fanqie 嘲 + 革 [cháogé]; it means to take with the hand).

91.185

無𣀇 ("Never sated": the second character is pronounced 亦 [yì]. The Yunquan says it means 𩞹 [satiated]; it is derived from the radical 攴 [pu] with the fanqie 普 + 十 [pǔshí] and 睪 as phonetic; 𩞹 has the fanqie 伊 + 焰 [yīyàn], meaning to eat one's fill).

91.186

𣏌梓 ("Medlar and catalpa": the first character is pronounced 起 [qǐ]; the second character is pronounced 紫 [zǐ]. The qǐ is the Chinese wolfberry [gouqi]; the zǐ is the catalpa [qiu]; both are names of fine trees).

91.187

睟周 ("Encompassing the entire eye": the first character has the fanqie 尖 + 葉 [jiānyè]; it refers to the lashes flanking the eyes; it takes the sense of surrounding completely).

91.188

蕭瑀 (Xiao Yu: the second character is pronounced 禹 [yǔ]; it is a person's name).

91.189

解籤 ("Explaining tallies": the second character has the fanqie 妾 + 閻 [qièyán]. The Kaosheng says: "A small bamboo slip, to thread through, to verify, or to report matters." It is a phono-semantic character).

91.190

鋒穎 ("Sharp point and tip": the first character is pronounced 峯 [fēng]; the second character has the fanqie 營 + 併 [yíngbìng]. The Kaosheng says: "Yǐng is the ear of grain." It is derived from the grain radical 禾 with 頃 as phonetic).

91.191

郵馹 ("Post relays": the first character is pronounced 尤 [yóu]. The Wenzi jilüe says: "Lodgings on the borders, guest-houses for receiving envoys, which are the courier relays of today." It is derived from 埀 and 邑. In transmission texts, writing it as 卸 is incorrect; 卸 has the fanqie 星 + 夜 [xīngyè] and is not used here).

91.192

賄賂 ("Bribery": the first character is pronounced 晦 [huì]; the second character is pronounced 路 [lù]. The Yunquan says it refers to goods and silks).

91.193

掃帚 ("Broom": the first character has the fanqie 桑 + 到 [sāngdào]; the second character has the fanqie 之 + 酉 [zhīyǒu]; these are implements for sweeping away filth and dirt, both derived from the hand radical 扌).

91.194

獻[麩-夫+少] ("Presenting parched-grain flour": the second character has the fanqie 昌 + 沼 [chāngzhǎo]. The Wenzi dianshuo says: "Roasted wheat ground into flour is called 𪍑." It is derived from 麥 [wheat] with 酋 as phonetic. The transmission text writes it as [麩-夫+少], which is a vulgar variant).

91.195

為笴 ("Serving as arrow-shafts": the second character has the fanqie 干 + 亶 [gāndǎn]. The Yunquan says it refers to an arrow shaft; it is also written as 竿).

91.196

盋廟 ("Shrine of the Almsbowl": the first character is pronounced 鉢 [bō]; its standard form is 𭽽 or 𥁄).

91.197

睒奉 ("Glancing at and upholding": the first character has the fanqie 商 + 冉 [shāngrǎn]. The Gujin zhengzi says: "To look momentarily." It is derived from 日 with 炎 as phonetic).

91.198

佛蹠 ("The Buddha's footprints": the second character has the fanqie 征 + 亦 [zhēngyì]. The Guangya says: "Zhí means to tread." The Chuci says: "To tread on." The Huainanzi states: "Birds beat the empty sky to fly, while beasts tread upon solid ground to run," which is this meaning. It is a phono-semantic character).

91.199

磔迦國 ("The country of Ṭakka": the first character has the fanqie 張 + 革 [zhānggé]; it is the Sanskrit name of a foreign kingdom).

91.200

劫掠 ("Plunder and rob": the second character is pronounced 略 [lüè]. Zheng's commentary on the Yueling states: "Lüè means to take; to seize by force").

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一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese