一切經音義 95

English (machine translation) 95

Language: English

95.2

Sounds and Meanings of the Hongming ji in Fourteen Fascicles

95.3

This fascicle glosses the first four fascicles.

taozhu 陶鑄 (The first character has the fanqie dao + lao [t-]. Gu Yewang says: "Tao means making pottery vessels." Mencius says: "Shun himself ploughed, sowed, made pottery, and fished," which is this. The Guangya says: "Tao means to transform." The Han Poetry Commentary says: "To change." The Shuowen writes it as 匋, saying: "Earthenware vessels; it takes the jar radical and has an abbreviated bao as phonetic." It also says: "Taking the corpse radical, written as 陶, it is a place name, and also the title of Emperor Yao; nowadays it has long been used interchangeably." The Zuozhuan says: "Casting tripods depicting the myriad creatures; it refers to melting copper to make vessels." The Kaosheng says: "To melt and cast." The Shuowen says: "To smelt metal; it takes the metal radical and has shou as phonetic." Rong has the sound rong [r-]).

95.6

Shanzhi 挻埴 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 扇延; the lower is 承力. The Laozi states: "Moulding clay (shanzhi) to make vessels; it is on their empty space that the utility of the vessel depends." Song Zhong says: "Shan 挻 means to mix and temper." Xu Shuzhong says: "It means to press down." The Shenglei says: "It means to soften." The Kaosheng says: "It means to knead." The Shuowen explains that it has the 'hand' radical and the phonetic component yan 延. The Shangshu states: "Its earth is red clay (zhi 埴)." Kong's commentary says: "Sticky earth is called zhi." The Shiming says: "Zhi means greasy, greasy like fat." The Shuowen says: "Sticky earth; it has the 'earth' radical and the phonetic component zhi 直.").

95.7

Hedian 鶡旦 (The pronunciation is fanqie 寒葛. The Shanhai jing states: "On Mount Huizhu there are many hedian." Guo Pu says: "It resembles a pheasant but is larger, bluish in colour, and has feathered horns; it fights until death. It comes from Shangdang Commandery." The Hanshu yinyi states: "The he 鶡 bird, another name is su 蘇; its tail is used for the caps of military officers." The Shuowen says: "It resembles a pheasant; it has the 'bird' radical and the phonetic component he 曷." The lower character is pronounced fanqie 丹汗. The Fangyan states: "From the Pass eastward it is called dan 鴠." The Shuowen says: "It has the 'bird' radical and the phonetic component dan 旦." In collected editions, the 'bird' radical is omitted, which is perhaps an error. Hui 煇 is pronounced like hui 暉).

95.8

Shiting 眡聽 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 時指. The Shuowen states: "The appearance of looking; it is also the ancient character for shi 視." Lexicons say: "To look; it has the 'eye' radical and the phonetic component di 氐." Di 氐 is pronounced di 低).

95.9

Juan'ai 涓埃 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 決玄. Gu Yewang says: "Juan 涓 means a small stream." The Shuoyuan says: "A continuous trickling (juanjuan) will form [a pool]." The Shuowen also states: "A small stream; it has the 'water' radical and the phonetic component yuan 肙." The lower character is pronounced fanqie 愛[孑*(彥-文+(立-一))]. The Zhuangzi says: "Dust and motes (chen'ai); floating vapours (yema)." The Cangjie pian says: "Ai 埃 means grime; dust raised by the wind." Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "Dust." The Gujin zhengzi states: "It has the 'earth' radical and the phonetic component yi 矣").

95.10

Yingdai 瀛岱 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 郢精. The Kaosheng says: "Ying 瀛 means the ocean." The Liezi states: "In the northeast there is a great abyss, within which are five mountains; the third is called Yingzhou." It probably refers to this. The Gujin zhengzi says: "It has the 'water' radical and the phonetic component ying 嬴." The lower character is pronounced fanqie 臺賚. The Shangshu states: "In the second month he made an inspection tour to the east, reaching Mount Dai (Daizong)." Fan Ning says: "It is Mount Tai, the foremost of the Five Sacred Peaks." The Shuowen states: "It has the 'mountain' radical and the phonetic component dai 代").

95.11

Mo Di 墨翟 (Pronounced fanqie 庭歷. A person's name. He wrote books in the world, the so-called Mozi, who lamented the plain silk [being dyed]).

95.12

Ze Rong 笮融 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 爭戹. A person's name; General of the Household of the State of Wu).

95.13

Beimo 被秣 (Pronounced fanqie 莫鉢. Zheng's commentary on the Shijing says: "Mo 秣 means to feed/rear." The Gujin zhengzi says: "To feed; it has the 'grain' radical and the phonetic component mo 末; it is also written as 䬴").

95.14

Fuli 𦨕櫪 (The upper character is correctly written as fu 伏. The lower character is pronounced fanqie 零的. The Kaosheng says: "Li 櫪 means a trough." An ancient poem says: "An old horse remembers lying by the trough." The Shuowen says: "A trough; it has the 'wood' radical and the phonetic component li 歷." The character 㯕 is pronounced xi 西).

95.15

Raorang 擾攘 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 饒沼; the lower is 如掌. Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: "Raorang 擾攘 means chaos, the appearance of indulging one's will and following desires." The Shuowen says: "Rao 擾 means vexation; rang 攘 means to push aside." Both characters have the 'hand' radical and are phonetically formed with nao 夒 and xiang 襄. Nao 夒 is pronounced naodao 乃刀; xiang 襄 is pronounced xiang 相).

95.16

Qinhuang 琴簧 (Pronounced fanqie 晃光. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "Sitting together, blowing the reeds (huang)." The Shiben says: "Nüwa made the reed (huang)." The Shuowen says: "The reed inside a sheng pipe; it has the 'bamboo' radical and the phonetic component huang 黃").

95.17

Xuxi 歔欷 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 許於; the lower is 虛依. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "Xuxi 歔欷 is the appearance of sobbing; another says it is sighing forth breath." He Xiu's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: "Xi 欷 means sadness." The Cangjie pian says: "The lingering sound of weeping." The Shuowen says both characters have the 'yawn' radical and the phonetic components xu 虛 and xi 希).

95.18

Chilü 絺𥿭 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 恥尺; the lower is 卿逆. The Shuowen states both are kudzu cloth; fine is called chi 絺, also written as 悕; coarse is called lü 𥿭. Chi 絺 has the 'silk' radical and the phonetic component xi 希; lü 𥿭 has the 'silk' radical and the phonetic component lin 𠫤, also written as 恡).

95.19

Wanshan 蜿蟺 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 冤阮; the lower is 蟬戰. The Shanglin fu says: "Elephants and wanshan rove through the western purity." Gu Yewang notes: "Wanshan represents the beautiful appearance of coiling, bending, and turning." The Wenzi dian说 states: "It has the 'insect' radical and the phonetic component wan 宛; it is also written as [死/虫]." The Shuowen says: "Shan 蟺 is [死/虫]蟺; it has the 'insect' radical and the phonetic component dan 亶." Collected editions writing it as yan 蜒 are incorrect. Dan 亶 is pronounced fanqie 丹嬾).

95.20

Haoli 毫𣀗 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 号高; the lower is 里之. The Zhouyi says: "An error by a hairbreadth (hao) or infinitesimal fraction (li) leads to a divergence of a thousand li." Ten hairs (hao) make one li 𣀗. The Wenzi dianshuo writes it as 毫, having the 'hair' radical and the phonetic component gao 高. The Shuowen says: "Li 𣀗 is stiff, curved hair that can be used for quilted clothing; it has the 'yak' radical abbreviated, with the phonetic component lai 來." In ancient script it is written as [厂@(來-(企-止)+几)], an abbreviation of 𣀗. Collected editions that write hao 毫 as a beast shaped like a piglet with white hair as large as hairpins with black tips, named hao 豪: li 釐 is an interchangeable character; mao 犛 is pronounced mao 茅).

95.21

Wali 瓦礫 (Pronounced fanqie 零的. Already explained fully under the Suvarṇaprabhāsa-sūtra).

95.22

Shanfu 山阜 (Pronounced fanqie 浮有. The Erya says: "High and flat is called lu 陸; a large plain is called fu 阜." The Cangjie pian says: "A mountain that is high and large." The Guangya says: "A hill without rocks." The Shuowen says: "A large plain, a mountain without rocks; it is a pictograph." The standard form is written as 𨸏; in ancient script as 巨, and also as 𨸏. Collected editions write fu 阜, which is an interchangeable character).

95.23

Boyang 跛羊 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 波可. Gu Yewang says: "Bo 跛 means lame." The Zhouyi says: "A lame person can walk, but not enough to go far." The Shuowen says: "Walking improperly; it has the 'foot' radical and the phonetic component pi 皮").

95.24

Qilin 麒𪊭 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 巨之; the lower is 栗真. The Kaosheng says: "The lin-lin 麟𪊭 is an auspicious beast." The Gongyang zhuan says: "A benevolent beast." The Erya says: "With the body of a musk deer, the tail of an ox, the hooves of a deer, and a single horn." Guo says: "The tip of the horn has flesh." Gu Yewang says: "The female is called qi 麒, and the male is called lin 𪊭. When a king of sagely virtue extends his benevolence to birds and beasts, they arrive in his suburbs." The Shuowen writes them as [鹿/其] and [鹿/宏], and its explanation is the same as the Erya; both characters have the 'deer' radical and the phonetic components qi 其 and lin 𠫤. Writing it as 麟 is incorrect. Collected editions writing qilin 騏麟 refer to the name of a fine steed).

95.25

Zhi chu 之雛 (Pronounced fanqie 仕于. The Erya says: "Those fed at birth are kou 鷇; those pecked/foraging at birth are chou 鄒." Guo says: "Those born able to feed themselves." The Shuowen says: "A chick; it has the 'short-tailed bird' radical and the phonetic component chu 芻." Chu 芻 is pronounced fanqie 楚愉).

95.26

Bian Que 扁鵲 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 邊辯. Already explained fully under the Gaoseng zhuan).

95.27

Lao Dan 老聃 (Pronounced fanqie 塔甘. As for Lao Dan, he is Laozi. The Shiji says: "His surname was Li, his given name was Er, and he was the Archivist of the Zhou; the Guoyu calls him Boyang, and he is also called Lao Dan." The Shuowen says: "Dan 聃 means long ears; it has the 'ear' radical and the phonetic component ran 冉; it is also written as 𨈭." Collected editions writing it with the 'body' radical as 𨈜 is a popular vulgar character).

95.28

Tuotuo 馲駝 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 湯洛; the lower is 度何. The Kaosheng says: "A beast of the northern foreigners." Gu Yewang says: "It has flesh saddles, can bear heavy loads, and is skilled at traveling great distances; the north has plenty of them." The Wenzi dianshuo says both characters have the 'horse' radical and the phonetic components tuo 乇 and ta 它. The standard form is written as 𩧐. Tuo 乇 is pronounced fanqie 竹厄; ta 它 is pronounced the same as above).

95.29

Gao Yao 皐陶 (The upper is pronounced gao 高; the lower is pronounced yao 遙. Minister to Yao; he was the Minister of Crime (shishi). Collected editions writing it as [罩-卓+羍] are incorrect).

95.30

Mahui 馬喙 (Pronounced fanqie 暉穢. The Shuowen says: "Hui 喙 means the mouth; it has the 'mouth' radical and the phonetic component tuan 彖." Tuan 彖 is pronounced fanqie 辭此).

95.31

Beilou 背僂 (Pronounced fanqie 力主. The Guangya says: "Lou 僂 means a curved back." The Shuowen says: "Deformed; it has the 'person' radical and the phonetic component lou 婁." Lou 婁 is pronounced the same as above).

95.32

Zuotou 捽頭 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 在骨. Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: "Zuo 捽 means to strike." The Wenzi dianshuo says: "To grasp the hair; it has the 'hand' radical and the phonetic component zu 卒").

95.33

Fushan 夫訕 (Pronounced fanqie 山諫. Kong's commentary on the Lunyu says: "Shan 訕 means to slander and revile." The Cangjie pian says: "To blame." The Liji states: "A subject may remonstrate, but may not slander." The Shuowen says: "To slander; it has the 'speech' radical and the phonetic component shan 山").

95.34

Xiaohu 虓虎 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 孝交. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "The tiger's self-roused anger is xiao 虓." The Shuowen says: "The roaring of a tiger; it has the 'tiger' radical and the phonetic component jiu 九").

95.35

Jinshen 搢紳 (The upper character is pronounced jin 晉; the lower is pronounced shen 申. Already explained fully under the Gaoseng zhuan).

95.36

Dunmeng 惇庬 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 頓溫. Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: "Dun 惇 means great." The Erya says: "Substantial/generous." The Fangyan says: "Trustworthy." Guo Pu also says it is the appearance of sincerity and trustworthiness. The Shuowen writes it as 惇: "Generous; it has the 'heart' radical and the phonetic component chun 𦎫." Collected editions write dun 敦, which is an interchangeable character. The lower character is pronounced fanqie 忙江. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "Meng 庬 means generous." The Fangyan says: "In general, the appearance of something being large is called meng 庬." The Shenglei gives [古/日/羊] pronounced fanqie 順倫, chang 厂 pronounced han 罕, and mang 尨 pronounced the same as above).

95.37

Shengzhe 聖喆 (The lower character is pronounced fanqie 知烈. The Erya says: "Zhe 喆 means wise." The Shangshu says: "To know others is to be wise (zhe)." The Shuowen writes it as 哲: "Wise; it has the 'mouth' radical and the phonetic component zhe 折." In ancient script it is written as 哲, with three ji 吉; it is also written as 悊. Those in collected editions written with [(立*立)/吉] are the character zhe in character dictionaries).

95.38

Fujia 枹加 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 房牛. Gu Yewang says: "Fu 枹 means a drumstick." The Zuozhuan says: "Handing over the drumstick and beating it." The Shuowen says: "A handle for beating a drum; it has the 'wood' radical and the phonetic component bao 包." Collected editions writing fu 桴 refer to the character for roof ridgepole).

95.39

Wanyin 頑嚚 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 五鰥. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "When the heart does not gauge the norm of virtue and righteousness, it is called wan 頑." The Guangya says: "Wan means obtuse." The Shuowen says: "It has the 'head' radical and the phonetic component yuan 元." The character ye 頁 is pronounced jie 頡. The lower character is pronounced fanqie 魚巾. The Zuozhuan says: "When the mouth does not speak words of loyalty and good faith, it is called yin 嚚." The Cangjie pian says: "Yin means evil." Dictionaries say: "Yin also means stubborn." The Shuowen says: "The sound of speaking; it has the 'noise' radical (ji 㗊) and the phonetic component ju 巨." Ji 㗊 is pronounced fanqie 壯立).

95.40

Zhadai 詐紿 (Pronounced fanqie 臺乃. He Xiu's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: "Dai 紿 means doubt." Liu Zhao says: "To deceive one another." The Shuowen says: "It has the 'silk' radical and the phonetic component tai 台").

95.41

Yan Gong 嚴公 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 壯霜. A borrowed use of the posthumous title of the Duke of Lu [Zhuang Gong]; both the Gongyang and Guliang commentaries do the same, in order to avoid the taboo on the name of Emperor Ming of Han [Liu Zhuang]).

95.42

Tuoyue 槖龠 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 湯各. Wang Bi says: "Tuo 橐 means a bellows." Gu Yewang says: "Used by metal smelters to blow fire." The Cangjie pian says: "A bottomless bag." The Shuowen says: "Tuo 橐; it has an abbreviated tuo 橐 radical and the phonetic component shi 石." The lower character is pronounced fanqie 羊灼. The Erya says: "A large pipe is called a yue 龠").

95.43

Chenwei 讖緯 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 楚𧮂. The Cangjie pian says: "Chen 讖 refers to texts like the Yellow River Chart and Luoshu Inscription." As noted in the Huainanzi's reference to apocryphal texts (chenshu). Gu Yewang says: "It means divining with subsequent verification." The Shuowen says: "Verification; it has the 'speech' radical and the phonetic component xian 韱." The lower character is pronounced fanqie 韋貴. The Da Dai Liji says: "East-west is the weft (wei 緯)." The Shuowen says: "Cross-weaving silk; it has the 'silk' radical and the phonetic component wei 韋").

95.44

Jingqi 旍旗 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 井盈. The Zhouli says: "Splitting feathers makes a jing 旍." Zheng Xuan says: "Splitting feathers and tying them with five colours to the top of the jing banner." Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "An insignia." The lower character is pronounced fanqie 渠冝. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: "To muster the host and the talented, one plants a qi 旗 flag and gathers beneath it." Gu Yewang says: "Emblazoned with hawks, falcons, tortoises, and snakes." Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan also says: "A banner and marker." The Shuowen says both characters have the 'banner' radical (yan 㫃) and the phonetic components ling 令 and qi 其; also written as 旌 and 旂. Yan 㫃 is pronounced yan 偃).

95.45

Ruibin 甤賓 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 蘂隹. In the 'Monthly Ordinances' of the Liji, ruibin 蕤賓 is the name of a pitch pipe; it is also written as 蕤, and so below).

95.46

Shang Yang 商鞅 (Pronounced fanqie 鴦兩. In the Chunqiu houyu, the name of the Prime Minister during the time of Duke Xiao of Qin; surnamed Gongsun, enfeoffed at the city of Shang).

95.47

Qu Yuan 蘧瑗 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 巨居; the lower is 袁眷. A person's name; a grand master of Wey, courtesy name Boyu, a gentleman).

95.48

Yu Qie 豫且 (Pronounced fanqie 子余. A person's name).

95.49

Qiudie 丘垤 (Pronounced fanqie 田結. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "Die 垤 is an anthill." The Fangyan says: "Die 垤 is an earthen mound. South of Ying in Chu, ant earth is called die." The Shuowen says: "An anthill; it has the 'earth' radical and the phonetic component zhi 至." Yi 螘 is pronounced fanqie 牛倚; it means winged ants).

95.50

Suiwen 雖溫 (Pronounced fanqie 穩渾. Gu Yewang says: "Wen 溫 means gradually getting hot." The Shuowen says: "It has the 'water' radical and the phonetic component wen 昷." Collected editions writing wen 熅 are in error. Wen 昷 is pronounced the same as above).

95.51

Diexie 蹀𨇾 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 恬協; the lower is 先浹. The Kaosheng says: "Diexie 蹀躞 means the appearance of small steps." The Huainanzi says: "Feet treading (die) in the dance of Yang'e." The Shuowen writes it as 䠟, having the 'foot' radical and the phonetic component zhi 執. Collected editions write xie 爕, which is interchangeable).

95.52

Piaogu 瓢觚 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 驃摽. The Kaosheng says: "Piao 瓢 is half a calabash." Zheng Xuan says: "Take a sweet gourd, cut its stem, and use its bottom part as a wine vessel." The Fangyan says: "Between Chen, Chu, Song, and Wei, some call the gourd a piao." The Shuowen writes it as [(與-八+火)*爪]: "A ladle; it has the 'melon' radical and the phonetic component piao 票." The lower character is pronounced fanqie 古胡. Ma Rong's commentary on the Lunyu says: "A gu 觚 is a ritual vessel; one sheng is called a jue, and two sheng is called a gu." The Shuowen says: "A drinking vessel for feasts; another says a gu holds three sheng. Gu 觚 has the 'horn' radical and the phonetic component gua 瓜." Piao 票 is pronounced fanqie 必遙).

95.53

Baxian 八僊 (Pronounced fanqie 薛延. The Shuowen says: "Xian 僊 means living long and ascending to immortality; it has the 'person' radical and the phonetic component xian 䙴; it is also written as 仚 or 仙." Xian 䙴 is pronounced qian 千).

95.54

Heguo 虎鞹 (Pronounced fanqie 曠郭. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "Guo 鞹 means tanned hide." The Lunyu says: "The tanned hide (guo) of a tiger or leopard is like the tanned hide of a dog or sheep." Kong's commentary says: "Skin stripped of its hair." The Shuowen says: "It has the 'hide' radical and the phonetic component guo 郭").

95.55

Zuican 蕞殘 (The upper character is pronounced fanqie 在外. The Kaosheng says: "Zui 蕞 is the appearance of being tiny and insignificant." The Cangjie pian says: "The appearance of gathering." The Wenzi dianshuo says: "It has the 'two hands' (gong 廾) radical and the phonetic component zui 最." Collected editions writing zui 菆 are incorrect).

95.56

Pray and petition (禱: fanqie 刀考 [dǎo]. Zheng Xuan says: "To seek blessings." Bao Xian notes on the Lunyu: "'To pray' is to petition; to petition the ghosts and spirits." The Guangya states: "To thank." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Announcing matters to seek blessings is called dǎo. Composed of 示 ('altar') with 壽 phonetic").

95.57

Zhu and Lu (邾: fanqie 陟于 [zhū]. The lower graph 魯 is the correct character Lu, composed below of 曰. According to the Chunqiu, both are names of states).

95.58

Robber Zhi (跖: fanqie 征石 [zhí]. The Kaosheng states: "The sole of the foot; also written as 蹠; a personal name." Zhuangzi says: "The younger brother of Liu Xiahui").

95.59

Grand minister Pi (𧯻: fanqie 丕美 [pǐ]; a personal name. In the Chunqiu, Wu had a grand minister [taizai], which is an official title).

95.60

Pickles and mincemeat (𦵔: fanqie 阻疏 [zū]. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Pickled vegetables preserved in vinegar; composed of 草 ('grass') with 爼 phonetic." The lower graph is pronounced 海 [hǎi]. The Erya says: "Mincemeat is seasoned meat relish; composed of 酉 ('ferment') with 𥁓 phonetic." Collected editions have it under 盖 as [醠-央+羊], which is incorrect. 𥁓 is pronounced in the fanqie 于救 [yòu]).

95.61

Hollowed wood (窊: fanqie 烏瓜 [wā]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "窊 means low, curved, and submerged; composed of 穴 ('cave') with 瓜 phonetic").

95.62

Fowling nets and snares (罻: fanqie 氳勿 [wèi]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Liji says: "A wèi is a small net." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 肉 ('meat') with 尉 phonetic").

95.63

Reverently (踧: fanqie 子六 [sù]. The Guangya says: "Cuji means awed and respectful." The Liji has: "The Master reverently vacated his mat," which is this. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 足 ('foot') with 叔 phonetic." Collected editions have 踧, which is an interchangeable variant).

95.64

Blind (𥉕: fanqie 木蓬 [méng]. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says: "Having pupils yet not seeing is called méng." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Dim-sighted; composed of 目 ('eye') with 冡 phonetic." The lower graph is pronounced 古 [gǔ]. The Lunyu says: "To speak before observing one's facial expression is called blind." The Shuowen jiezi states: "The eye having only cataracts, like a drum skin; composed of 目 ('eye') with 鼓 phonetic." Collected editions have 矇, which has been in common use for a long time).

95.65

Zhengwu lun (Treatise Correcting Falsehoods).

95.66

Gathering over a hind (麀: fanqie 郁尤 [yōu]. The Kaosheng states: "A female deer." The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says: "The female deer flock together." The Quli says: "Human relations lacked propriety, hence fathers and sons gathered around the same hind." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 鹿 ('deer') with 牝 abbreviated." The character 麌 is pronounced in the fanqie 虞雨 [yǔ]).

95.67

Covetous and greedy (婪: fanqie 臘耽 [lán]. The Kaosheng states: "Greedy and rapacious; not scrupulous or pure." The Shuowen jiezi records Du Lin saying: "The diviners' conspirators colluding to fabricate fraudulent tokens is called lán; composed of 女 ('woman') with 林 phonetic." Also written as 惏 and 𢛓).

95.68

Having a pretext [for conflict] (釁: fanqie 欣覲 [xìn]. Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "釁 means movement; it means guilt; it means a crack or fissure." Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: "釁 means omen, referring to an omen of calamity." The Shuowen jiezi states: "A blood sacrifice; depicting a sacrifice to the hearth god; composed of 爨 abbreviated, representing the implement of sacrifice, with 分 phonetic." Collected editions have 舋, which is a vulgar character).

95.69

Mourning on the battlements (陴: fanqie 婢彌 [pí]. The Zuozhuan says: "Those who guarded the battlements all wept." Du says: "The crenels atop the city wall." The Shuowen jiezi states: "The low wall atop a city rampart, a parapet; composed of 阝 with 卑 phonetic." In large seal script it is written as 陴. Collected editions have it under 金 as 錍, which is incorrect. 埤 is pronounced 陛 [bì]; 堄 is pronounced in the fanqie 霓傒 [nì]; also written as 𨺙 with the same pronunciation).

95.70

Burying entirely alive (坑: fanqie 客庚 [kēng]. Gu Yewang says: "To pit; a ravine; a trench." The Zidian shuo states: "Composed of 土 ('earth') with 亢 phonetic").

95.71

Duyou (郵: fanqie 有求 [yóu]. The Wenzi jilüe states: "A relay station passed on a journey." The Chunqiu houyu states: "Duyou was ten li west of Xianyang; Bai Qi died here." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 邑 with 垂 phonetic." Collected editions write 卸, which is an error).

95.72

Dazzled and foolish (眩: fanqie 玄絹 [xuàn]. Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: "眩 means deluded." The Cangjiepian states: "Sight being unclear." The Shuowen jiezi says: "The eyes lacking a steady focus; composed of 目 ('eye') with 玄 phonetic").

95.73

Confused and disordered (殽: fanqie 効交 [xiáo]. The lower graph is the correct character for 亂 [luàn, disorder]. Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: "殽 means mixed." The Guangya states: "Disordered." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Intermingled; composed of 殳 with 肴 phonetic." Collected editions have it with 水 as 淆, which is interchangeable. 殳 is pronounced 殊 [shū]; 肴 has the same pronunciation as above).

95.74

Insects (蜫: fanqie 骨魂 [kūn]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Liji says: "Kun means bright; luminous creatures are those born with yang and hidden in yin." The Shuowen jiezi states: "蜫 means small insects; composed of 虫 with 昆 phonetic." Correctly written as 䖵, composed of two 虫; 虫 is pronounced 毀 [huǐ]).

95.75

Pursuing reprimand (譴: fanqie 遣戰 [qiàn]. The Guangya says: "To reprove." The Shuowen jiezi states: "To interrogate; composed of 言 ('speech') with 遣 phonetic").

95.76

Axe and loop emblems (黼: pronounced 甫 [fǔ]; 黻: pronounced 弗 [fú]. The Kaogongji says: "White and black combined is called fǔ." The Erya states: "An insignia; an axe pattern is called fǔ." Guo [Pu] says: "Painted in the shape of an axe." Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Liji says: "Mixing lamb and white fox fur makes fǔ." Furthermore, black and green-blue combined is called fú. Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "Two back-to-back 己 shapes opposing each other." Both characters are composed of 黹 ('embroidery') with 甫 and 犮 phonetic respectively. Collected editions have [(山/用)*甫] and 𤟮, which are vulgar characters. 黹 is pronounced in the fanqie 竹几 [zhǐ]; 犮 is pronounced in the fanqie 盤鉢 [bō]).

95.77

Frontlet and bells (錫: fanqie 養將 [yáng]. The Zhouli states: "The forehead plaque of the horse's face, displaying arranged metals, is what is called carven metal adornments." Zheng [Xuan]'s gloss on the Shijing says: "Above the brows is called the frontlet (yáng); arranging metals to ornament it, the metal covers the forehead." The Shuowen jiezi says: "An ornament for a horse's head; composed of 金 ('metal') with 陽 phonetic; correctly written as the character 鐊").

95.78

Dragon and bell banners (旂: fanqie 渠希 [qí]. The Zhouli says: "Banners with flood-dragons and dragons are called qí." The Erya states: "A flag bearing bells is called a qí." Guo Pu says: "Suspending bells from the top of the staff and painting flood-dragons on the streamers." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 㫃 with 斤 phonetic; 㫃 is pronounced 偃 [yǎn]").

95.79

Large and small war drums (鼙: fanqie 陛迷 [pí]. The Zhouli states: "The drum masters held drums and the bell masters took charge of the drums to perform slow music." Zheng Xuan notes: "In performing slow music, they struck the pí to harmonize it." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A cavalry drum; composed of 鼓 ('drum') with 卑 phonetic." Lexicons also write it as 鞞).

95.80

Hare-traps and fish-baskets (蹏: fanqie 第泥 [tí], the orthodox form. Wang Bi says: "The snare is that by which one captures hares; once the hare is obtained, one forgets the snare." Gu Yewang says: "An implement for catching hares." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 足 ('foot') with 虒 phonetic." The lower graph is pronounced in the fanqie 七緣 [quán]. Zhuangzi says: "The basket is that by which one catches fish; once the fish is obtained, one forgets the basket." Gu Yewang says: "A bamboo hamper for catching fish." The Wenzi dianshuo states: "Composed of 竹 ('bamboo') with 全 phonetic." 虒 has the same pronunciation as above. Collected editions write 蹄, which has long been in general use).

95.81

Luminous and ornate (炳: fanqie 兵皿 [bǐng]. The Guangya says: "Luminous." The Shuowen jiezi agrees; composed of 火 ('fire') with 丙 phonetic. The lower graph has the fanqie 威謂 [wèi]. The Kaosheng says: "Dense and flourishing; bright with literary embellishment." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 艹 with 尉 phonetic").

95.82

Pure and mellow (醇: fanqie 順綸 [chún]. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the Shangshu says: "醇 means pure." The Guangya states: "Thick." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 酉 with [古/日/羊] phonetic; [古/日/羊] means pure").

95.83

Oblivious (泯: fanqie 蜜引 [mǐn]. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says: "泯 means extinguished." The Erya states: "Exhausted." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 水 with 民 phonetic." Same below).

95.84

Applying floss (屬: fanqie 鍾辱 [zhǔ]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "屬 means to connect; composed of 尾 with 蜀 phonetic." Collected editions have it under 尸 as 屬, which is interchangeable. The lower graph is pronounced 曠 [kuàng]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the Liji says: "纊 is raw floss. Newly flossed silk stirs easily; it is placed at the mouth of the sick to watch for their breathing." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 糸 with 廣 phonetic").

95.85

Fascicle Two.

95.86

Leisure to care (遑: fanqie 胡光 [huáng]. The Gujin zhengzi states: "遑 means leisure; composed of 辵 with 皇 phonetic; 辵 is pronounced in the fanqie 丑略 [chuò]." The lower graph has the fanqie 息聿 [xù]).

95.87

Well-frog (鼃: fanqie 胡媧 [wā]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "鼃 is a frog; composed of 黽 with 圭 phonetic; alternatively written as 䵷." Collected editions have 蛙, which is interchangeable).

95.88

Caressing the heel (踵: fanqie 鍾勇 [zhǒng], pronounced 跟 [gēn, heel]).

95.89

Mild and clean (溫: fanqie 穩魂 [wēn]. The lower graph is pronounced 結 [jié]. It means gentle, moist, clean, and pure. Collected editions nowadays write 濕絜, which is likely a transmission error through the distant ages, contrary to reason and principle).

95.90

Barbarian dependency (蠻: fanqie 麥班 [mán]; 屬: fanqie 殊欲 [shǔ]. Collected editions nowadays write 巒觸, which severely violates the meaning; likely a scribal copyist error, which the reader should scrutinize closely).

95.91

Dazzling the eyes (炫: fanqie 玄絹 [xuàn]. The Guangya says: "炫 means bright." The Picang states: "The appearance of glowing." The Shuowen jiezi also says: "To dazzle; composed of 火 ('fire') with 玄 phonetic").

95.92

Double pupils (絫: the correct form of 累, fanqie 力水 [lěi]. The lower graph is pronounced 童 [tóng]. The Shangshu dazhuan says: "Shun's eyes had four pupils." The Picang states: "The eyeball." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 目 ('eye') with 童 phonetic").

95.93

Born at (誕: fanqie 達坦 [dàn]. The Kaosheng says: "Born." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Composed of 言 ('speech') with 延 phonetic").

95.94

Mussels and clams (𧉻: fanqie 龐講 [bàng]; 蛤: fanqie 甘合 [gé]. The Lüshi chunqiu states: "At the full moon, oysters are void and mussels and clams are full; at the dark moon, mussels and clams are void." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Of the family of mussels and clams. Clams are of three kinds, all born in the sea. The clam species is transformed from thousand-year-old birds; in Qin they are called 'strong and stern.' The clams in the open sea are transformed from hundred-year-old swallows. The ark shell, also named 'double-layered,' is transformed from old bats." Both characters are composed of 虫 with 丰 and 合 phonetic respectively; 丰 has the same pronunciation as above).

95.95

Pretext and encounter (釁: fanqie 欣靳 [xìn]; 遘: fanqie 溝候 [gòu]. The meaning has already been fully explained in Fascicle One).

95.96

Unconventional and bold (倜: fanqie 汀歷 [tì]; 儻: fanqie 湯朗 [tǎng]. The Boya says: "倜儻 means outstanding and extraordinary." The Shiji has "singular, grand, unconventional and bold." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Both are composed of 人 ('person') with 周 and 黨 phonetic respectively").

95.97

Mingjia auspicious grass (蓂: fanqie 覓瓶 [míng]; 莢: fanqie 兼協 [jiá]. The Baihu tong states: "When the calendar matches its proper divisions, the mingjia grows in the courtyard: from the first day of the month, one leaf sprouts each day; until the sixteenth day, one leaf falls each day, symbolizing the waxing and waning of the moon. In the time of Yao it grew in the courtyard as an auspicious herb." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Both are composed of 草 ('grass') with 冥 and 夾 phonetic respectively").

95.98

Suddenly (𱘳: fanqie 舒六 [shù]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "Swift and hurried in appearance." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 犬 ('dog') with 攸 phonetic; also written as 倐." Collected editions write 儵, which is interchangeable).

95.99

Abruptly and swiftly (翕: fanqie 歆邑 [xī]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "翕 means to contract the nostrils; composed of 合 with 羽 phonetic." The lower graph has the fanqie 勳欝 [xū]. Xue Zong's commentary on the Xijing fu says: "欻 means sudden in appearance." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Composed of 炎 with 欠 phonetic").

95.100

Veiled and obscure (奄: fanqie 淹儼 [yǎn]. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says: "奄 means vast." Gu Yewang says: "Also means hidden, shaded and covered." The Shuowen jiezi states: "To cover; vast with surplus; another definition is prolonged; composed of 大 with 申 extended." The lower graph has the fanqie 衰袋 [ài]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "曖 means dark and obscure in appearance." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 日 ('sun') with 愛 phonetic; also written as 靉").

95.101

Forming flames (爓: fanqie 閻驗 [yàn]. The meaning has already been fully explained in the Zashi lü [Vinaya on Miscellaneous Matters]).

95.102

The blink of an eye (眒: pronounced 舜 [shùn]. The Shuowen jiezi correctly writes it as 瞚, saying: "Repeatedly opening, closing, and moving the eyes; composed of 目 ('eye') with 寅 phonetic; popularly written as 瞬").

95.103

Faint crescent (朏: fanqie 妃尾 [fěi]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "朏 is the light of the moon before it flourishes; composed of 月 ('moon') with 出 phonetic." Another pronunciation is the fanqie 普每 [pěi], which remains unclear).

95.104

Vast and distant (茫: fanqie 莫傍 [máng]. The Mao Commentary on the Shijing says: "Mángmáng means vast and extensive." Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "A distant appearance." The Gujin zhengzi states: "Composed of 水 ('water') with 芒 phonetic." The lower graph has the fanqie 彌了 [miǎo]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "The eyes being small; composed of 目 ('eye') with 少 ('few'), with 少 also phonetic").

95.105

Obscure and silent (杳: fanqie 伊了 [yǎo]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Deep and dark; composed of 木 ('tree') with 日 ('sun')." The lower graph has the fanqie 茫博 [mò]. Gu Yewang says: "Mò means tranquil and serene." The Erya states: "Clear and bright." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 水 ('water') with 莫 phonetic").

95.106

Mengsi (the place where the sun sets) (濛: fanqie 漠蓬 [méng]; 汜: fanqie 辭里 [sì]. The Erya says: "The four limits: reaching westward to Taimeng." Guo [Pu] says: "That is the Mengsi." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Both characters are composed of 水 ('water') with 蒙 and 巳 phonetic respectively").

95.107

The world seeking (蘄: fanqie 渠衣 [qí]. The Kaosheng says: "蘄 means to seek." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 艸 ('grass') with 𰕣 phonetic; pronunciation identical to above; also written as 祈").

95.108

The Zhu and Si Rivers (洙: fanqie 樹儒 [zhū]; 泗: pronounced 四 [sì]; names of two rivers. Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "The Zhu River is southwest of Xiazhai in the state of Lu." The Liji recounts Zengzi rebuking Zixia, saying: "I served the Master with you between the Zhu and Si Rivers," which is this. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Both characters are composed of 水 ('water') with 朱 and 四 phonetic respectively").

95.109

Sharing the same rut (轍: fanqie 池列 [zhé]. Du [Yu]'s commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "轍 means carriage tracks." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 車 ('carriage') with 徹 abbreviated phonetic." Collected editions have it under 足 as 𨅊, which is erroneous).

95.110

Twisted tree (蟠: fanqie 伴寒 [pán]. Zheng says: "Coiled." Gu Yewang says: "Curving and winding." According to the Shanhaijing: "The coiled tree is a giant tree. In the great wilderness of the northeast there is a great abyss; in the abyss is an islet, and upon the islet is a tree—that is the coiled tree." It is also called the coiled peach tree, or Dushuo. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 虫 with 番, which is pronounced pān; 度 is pronounced in the fanqie 唐路 [dù]; 索 is pronounced in the fanqie 桑各 [suǒ]").

95.111

Mount Dawei (隗: fanqie 吳罪 [wěi]. Mount Dawei is the name of a mountain within the borders of Yangzhai County in Henan. The Shuowen jiezi says: "隗 means high; composed of 阝 with 鬼 phonetic").

95.112

Mount Guye (pronounced 亦 [yè]; a mountain name already fully explained in the Bianzheng lun).

95.113

Mount Juci (茨: fanqie 自資 [cí]. According to records, Mount Juci is a mountain within the borders of Yangzhai County in Henan).

95.114

What is gathered ([捱-圭+(廿/火)]: fanqie 征石 [zhí]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "To collect and gather; a dialect word of Chen and Song; also written as 拓; composed of 手 ('hand') with 庶 phonetic").

95.115

Martyring oneself for the world (殉: fanqie 旬俊 [xùn]. Chen Zan says: "Perishing oneself to pursue worldly things is called xùn." Ying Shao says: "To pursue." Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the Shangshu says: "To seek." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Composed of 歺 ('remains') with 旬 phonetic; 歺 is pronounced 残 [cán]").

95.116

偎人 ('Fond of humans'; the first character has the fanqie 烏 + 灰 [wēi]. The Shanhaijing states: 'At the corner of the Northern Sea, there is a kingdom named Wei.' Guo [Pu] states: 'Wei also means to love.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Composed with "person" (人) as semantic element and 畏 as phonetic element.')

95.117

臨[淄-田+(凵@上)] ('Linzi'; the fanqie is 滓 + 師 [zī]. The name of a commandery in the Qi region. The collected editions have it with 𰏒 written as 薔, which is erroneous.)

95.118

憖然 ('Reluctantly / spared'; the first character has the fanqie 銀 + 覲 [yìn]. Duke Ai of Lu's eulogy for the Master says: 'Heaven does not spare me, leaving this one elder.' The Kaosheng says: 'Yin means to grieve.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Composed with "heart" (心) as semantic element and 猌 as phonetic element.' 猌 has the same sound as above.)

95.119

誠瞰 ('Truly overlooking'; the fanqie is 堪 + 濫 [kàn]. The Kaosheng says: 'Kan means to view.' Dictionaries say: 'To gaze from afar.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Composed with "ear" (耳) as semantic element and 敢 as phonetic element; also written as 曮 or 闞.')

95.120

鐙王 ('Lamp King'; the first character has the fanqie 等 + 能 [dēng]. The Shenglei says: 'That which has no feet is called deng.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A deng is a ding (a footless sacrificial vessel); composed with "metal" (金) as semantic element and 登 as phonetic element.' Writing it with "fire" (火) as 燈 is a popular character form. Ding has the fanqie 丁 + 佞 [dìng].)

95.121

而[怡-台+(戍-戈+弋)]𠂠 ('And foolishly...'; the middle character has the fanqie 隳 + 聿 [xù]. He Xiu's commentary on the Gongyang [zhuan] says: 'Xu means mad.' Dictionaries say: 'Stupid.' The Kaosheng says: 'Ignorant.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Composed with "heart" (心) as semantic element and 戍 as phonetic element.' 戇 has the fanqie 卓 + 巷 [zhuàng].)

95.122

雞彘 ('Chickens and pigs'; the second character has the fanqie 除 + 例 [zhì]. The Erya says: 'Zhi is a pig.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A swine whose hind feet are disabled is called a zhi; the feet of a zhi are like those of a deer. Composed with [(┐@一)/一] and 北, with 矢 as phonetic element.' ⺕ has the fanqie 居 + 例 [jì].)

95.123

蛛蝥 ('Spider'; the first character has the sound 誅 [zhū], the second has the fanqie 謨 + 侯 [móu]. The Fangyan says: 'From the Pass westward, between Qin and Jin, a spider is called a zhizhu.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Composed with "insect" (虫) as semantic element and 敄 as phonetic element.' The collected editions have 蟱, which is incorrect. 敄 has the sound 武 [wǔ].)

95.124

邴吉 ('Bing Ji'; the first character has the fanqie 兵 + 皿 [bǐng]. The name of a chancellor of the Han dynasty.)

95.125

田蚡 ('Tian Fen'; the fanqie is 扶 + 粉 [fén]. A person's name; a chancellor of the Han dynasty.)

95.126

豚魚 ('Piglets and fishes'; the first character has the fanqie 突 + 論 [tún]; the second character is simply the character for "fish" [yú]. Wang Bi says: 'A piglet is the humblest of beasts.' The Fangyan says: 'The young of swine are called tun.' The Shuowen jiezi gives the standard graph as [彖/(田*又)], meaning a small pig, pictographic from 彖, and holding meat (月) and plows to supply sacrificial offerings; writing it with "meat" (肉) as 豚 is the seal script character. The collected editions have it with 乇 as [月*(必-心+七)]; the popular form is also written as 𤜨.)

95.127

啁噍 ('Twittering'; the first character has the fanqie 陟 + 交 [zhāo], the second has the sound 焦 [jiāo]. Gu Yewang says: 'The chirping of small birds.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Xiāo (clamour); composed with "mouth" (口) as semantic element and 周 as phonetic element.' 噍 is composed with "mouth" (口) as semantic element and 焦 as phonetic element. 嘐 has the fanqie 火 + 交 [xiāo].)

95.128

豺獺 ('Jackals and otters'; the first character has the fanqie 仕 + 諧 [chái]. The "Yueling" (Monthly Ordinances) chapter of the Liji says: 'In late autumn, the jackals sacrifice beasts.' The Guangya says: 'The chai is a canine.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Belongs to the wolf family, with dog-like feet; composed with "beast" (豸) as semantic element and 才 as phonetic element.' The second character has the fanqie 他 + 怛 [tǎ]. The "Yueling" says: 'In the first month of spring, the otters sacrifice fish.' Zheng [Xuan] says: 'When the otter is about to eat fish, it first offers them in sacrifice.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Resembles a small dog, lives in water, and eats fish; composed with "dog" (犬) as semantic element and 賴 as phonetic element.' 豸 has the fanqie 宅 + 賣 [zhài].)

95.129

無礙 ('Unobstructed'; the fanqie is 敳 + 愛 [ài]; 敱 has the fanqie 五 + 哀 [ái]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Ai means to stop; composed with "stone" (石) as semantic element and 疑 as phonetic element.' The collected editions have 硋, which is incorrect.)

95.130

敻居 ('Living far away'; the first character has the fanqie 火 + 娉 [xiòng]. Liu Zhao says: 'Xiong means deep and distant.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To seek; composed with 旻, with a person inside a cave.' 旻 has the fanqie 火 + 劣 [xuè]. It is the same below in the text within [袌-包+矢].)

95.131

𢏗 ('[Lord] Yi'; the first character has the fanqie 霓 + 計 [yì]. Kong's commentary on the Analects says: 'Yi was the ruler of the state of Youqiong, skilled in archery; he was killed by his minister Han Zhuo.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The archery official under Emperor Ku; eradicated by Shaokang of the Xia. Composed with "bow" (弓) as semantic element and 幵 as phonetic element.' The collected editions have 羿; although it has been commonly used for a long time, it is far from correct. 幵 has the sound 牽 [qiān]; 浞 has the fanqie 仕 + 捉 [zhuó]; 嚳 has the fanqie 苦 + 屋 [kù].)

95.132

𢐙中 ('Drawing the bow fully'; the first character has the fanqie 鈎 + 候 [gòu]. The Kaosheng says: 'To draw a bow.' Mencius says: 'When Yi taught people archery, he always set his will on drawing fully (𢐙).' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Drawing a crossbow; composed with "bow" (弓) as semantic element and 殼 as phonetic element.' 殼 has the fanqie 腔 + 角 [qiāng].)

95.133

其胖 ('The sacrificial half-carcass'; the fanqie is 潘 + 漫 [pàn]. The Kaosheng says: 'Half the body of a sacrificial ox.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Composed with "meat" (肉) as semantic element and 半 as phonetic element.')

95.134

詫𠂠 ('Boasting...'; the first character has the fanqie 丑 + 亞 [chà]. Guo Pu says: 'Cha means to boast.' The Mao commentary to the Classic of Poetry says: 'To stop.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Composed with "speech" (言) as semantic element and 宅 as phonetic element.')

95.135

蹭蹬 ('Stumbling and faltering'; the first character has the fanqie 倉 + 贈 [cèng], the second has the fanqie 騰 + 隥 [dèng]. The Kaosheng says: 'The appearance of stumbling in one's stride.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Both characters are composed with "foot" (足) as semantic element, with 曾 and 登 as their phonetics.')

95.136

蜎飛 ('Flying insects'; the first character has the fanqie 一 + 緣 [yuān]. The Erya says: 'Small red insects in wells.' I fear this is not the intended meaning; examining it, it ought to be the character [翾-羽+月], pronounced with the fanqie 許 + 緣 [xuān]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The appearance of flying small-winged,' which accords somewhat better with the meaning. [Consider] it with care.)

95.137

蝡動 ('Wriggling'; the first character has the fanqie 而 + 允 [rǔn]. The Kaosheng says: 'Footless insects.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To move; composed with "insect" (虫) as semantic element and 耎 as phonetic element.' 耎 has the fanqie 而 + 兖 [ruǎn].)

95.138

孩齔 ('Childhood teeth-shedding'; the fanqie is 初 + 僅 [chèn]. The Zhouli states: 'Those who have not shed their milk teeth shall not be made slaves.' Zheng Xuan says: 'Chen means replacing baby teeth; at seven years old one sheds teeth; composed with "teeth" (齒) as semantic element and 七 as phonetic element.' The collected editions have 齔, which is rejected.)

95.139

以詬 ('To revile / insult'; the fanqie is 呼 + 遘 [gòu]. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: 'Gou is like disgrace.' Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'Gou means to revile.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Composed with "speech" (言) as semantic element and 后 as phonetic element.')

95.140

Fascicle Three

95.141

翻翥 ('Soaring and fluttering'; the fanqie is 諸 + 庶 [zhù]. The Fangyan says: 'Zhu means to raise up.' Guo says: 'It means soaring aloft.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To fly upward; composed with "feather" (羽) as semantic element and 者 as phonetic element.')

95.142

鄙俚 ('Vulgar and rustic'; the fanqie is 力 + 止 [lǐ]. The Kaosheng says: 'A southern barbarian tribe in Guangzhou.' Mencius says: 'Belonging to the southern Man tribes.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Composed with "person" (人) as semantic element and 里 as phonetic element.')

95.143

所莅 ('Overseen'; the fanqie is 離 + 雉 [lì]. The Mao commentary to the Classic of Poetry says: 'Li means to arrive / oversee.' The Erya says: 'To look.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Composed with 廾 as semantic element and 位 as phonetic element.')

95.144

錙銖 ('Trifling amount'; the first character has the fanqie 滓 + 師 [zī], the second has the fanqie 樹 + 朱 [zhū]. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: 'Eight liang make a zi.' Xu's commentary on the Huainanzi says: 'Twelve millet grains weigh one fen; twelve fen make one zhu.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A zi is six zhu; a zhu is a weight-division equal to the weight of ten broomcorn millet grains.' Both characters are composed with "metal" (金) as semantic element, with 甾 and 朱 as phonetics. 甾 has the same sound as above.)

95.145

䓗驥 ('Fine steed'; the fanqie is 几 + 利 [jì]. The Analects says: 'A fine steed is praised not for its strength, but for its virtue.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A thousand-li horse; that which Sun Yang (Bole) evaluated; composed with "horse" (馬) as semantic element and 冀 as phonetic element.')

95.146

之憊 ('Exhaustion'; the fanqie is 排 + 買 [bèi]. Gu Yewang says: 'Bei means fatigued and frail.' The Guangya says: 'Exhausted.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Composed with "heart" (心) as semantic element and 備 as phonetic element.')

95.147

懸餧 ('Starving'; the fanqie is 奴 + 罪 [něi]. Zheng's commentary on the Analects says: 'Nei means hungry.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Also means hungry; composed with "food" (食) as semantic element and 委 as phonetic element.')

95.148

暨于 ('Reaching to'; the fanqie is 其 + 冀 [jì]. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'Ji means to reach.' Dictionaries say: 'To extend to.' The Shuowen jiezi says: '"To be somewhat seen"; composed with 旦 as semantic element and 既 as phonetic element.')

95.149

癰疽 ('Ulcers and carbuncles'; the first character has the fanqie 氳 + 恭 [yōng], the second has the fanqie 七 + 余 [jū]. Sima Biao's commentary on Zhuangzi says: 'Superficial heat causes sores; blockages cause carbuncles.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Swelling. Ju is a long-standing ulcer.' Both characters are composed with "sickness" (疒) as semantic element, with 雍 and 且 as phonetics. 瘵 has the fanqie 必 + 遙 [biāo].)

95.150

春蒐 ('Spring hunt'; the fanqie is 所 + 尤 [sōu]. The Erya says: 'Hunting in spring is called sou.' Guo says: 'Sou means searching out and taking those that are unfit.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Composed with 廾 as semantic element and 鬼 as phonetic element.')

95.151

韜弓 ('Ensheathing the bow'; the first character has the fanqie 討 + 高 [tāo]. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'Tao means to conceal.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A sheath for a sword; composed with "leather" (韋) as semantic element and 舀 as phonetic element.' 舀 has the fanqie 弋 + 小 [yǎo].)

95.152

授戉 ('Bestowing the battle-axe'; the fanqie is 于 + 月 [yuè]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A large axe.' The Sima fa says: 'The Xia held dark axes, the Yin held white battle-axes, and the Zhou grasped yellow battle-axes with their left hand while holding white pennants with their right.' Composed with 戈 as semantic element and [戉-戈] as phonetic element. The collected editions have it with "metal" as 鉞, which is the popular character. [戉-戈] has the fanqie 居 + 劣 [juè].)

95.153

刓剔 ('Scraped and pared'; the first character has the fanqie 吾 + 丸 [wán]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: 'Wan means to pare down.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To cut; composed with "knife" (刀) as semantic element and 元 as phonetic element.' The second character has the fanqie 汀 + 亦 [tī]. The Shenglei says: 'Ti means to dress, to dismember, or to shave hair.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Composed with "knife" (刀) as semantic element and 易 as phonetic element.')

95.154

袪之 ('Cast off'; the first character has the fanqie 去 + 居 [qū]. The Kaosheng says: 'Qu means to open.' The Han school of the Classic of Poetry says: 'To eliminate.' Gao You's commentary on the Lüshi chunqiu says: 'Qu is like raising up.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Composed with "clothing" (衣) as semantic element and 去 as phonetic element.')

95.155

石碏 ('Shi Que'; the fanqie is 切 + 藥 [què]. The name of a grand master of Wei, a figure of the Spring and Autumn period.)

95.156

𩩌放 ('Gun banished'; the first character has the fanqie 昆 + 穩 [gǔn]. The Kaosheng says: 'The name of Yu's father; he was executed on Mount Yu.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Composed with "bone" (骨) as semantic element and 系 as phonetic element; also written as 鯀.' The collected editions have 𧣙, which is erroneous.)

95.157

遐裔 ('Distant frontiers'; the fanqie is 餘 + 藝 [yì]. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'Yi means distant.' The Guangya says: 'Outer boundary.' The Fangyan says: 'Yi is a general name for the border barbarians.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Composed with "clothing" (衣) and 冏.' [冏] has the fanqie 女 + 滑 [nà].)

95.158

維縶 ('Tethered'; the fanqie is 砧 + 立 [zhí]. The Mao commentary to the Classic of Poetry says: 'Zhi means to hobble.' Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'To detain.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It means to arrest and bind; composed with "silk" (糸) as semantic element and 執 as phonetic element.')

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一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese