翻譯名義集 1.196

1.196

【曇摩迦羅】此云法時，印度人也。幼而才敏，質像傀（公回）偉，善四韋陀，妙五明論。圖讖運變，靡所不該。自謂在世，無過於己。嘗入僧坊，遇見法騰毘曇，殷勤尋省，莫知旨趣。乃深歎曰：「佛法鉤深！」因即出家，誦大小乘，游化許洛。《事鈔》云：「自漢明夜夢之始，迦竺傳法已來，迄至曹魏之初，僧徒極盛，未稟歸戒，止以翦落殊俗。設復齋懺，事同祀祠。後有中天竺曇摩迦羅，誦諸部毘尼。以魏嘉平至雒陽，立羯磨受法，中夏戒律始也。準用十僧，大行佛法，改先妄習，出《僧祇戒心》。又有安息國沙門曇諦，亦善律學，出《曇無德羯磨》，即大僧受法之初也。」

【Dharmakāla】Rendered here as ‘Time of Dharma’. A native of India. In his youth he was talented and perceptive, with a grand and imposing physical appearance. He was skilled in the four Vedas and adept in the treatises on the five sciences. There was nothing of divination charts and seasonal changes that he did not encompass. He considered that in this world, none surpassed himself. He once entered a saṅghārāma and happened to see the Abhidharma of Dharmaratna; studying it attentively, he could not comprehend its purport. He then sighed deeply, saying: ‘The Buddha's Dharma plumbs the profound!’ Thereupon he went forth, recited the scriptures of the Mahāyāna and Hīnayāna, and traveled to convert people in Xu and Luo. The Shichao states: ‘From the initial night dream of Emperor Ming of the Han and the transmission of the Dharma by Kāśyapa and Dharmaratna down to the beginning of Cao Wei, the Saṅgha was very prosperous, but they had not yet received the refuges and precepts; they merely distinguished themselves from common customs by shaving their hair. Even when holding vegetarian fasts and repentances, these resembled ancestral sacrifices. Later, Dharmakāla of Central India, who had memorized the vinayas of the various schools, arrived in Luoyang during the Jiaping era of Wei. He established the karmavācanā ordination rites, which was the beginning of the vinaya precepts in the central realm. Employing the standard of ten monks, the Buddha's Dharma flourished greatly, correcting prior improper customs; he produced the Saṅghika-prātimokṣa. There was also the Śramaṇa Dharmasatya of the Parthian kingdom, who was likewise skilled in the study of vinaya and produced the Dharmaguptaka-karmavācanā, which was the beginning of full ordination for monks.’