Bhagavadgita 3
Gītābhāṣya (of Rāmānuja) 3
- Language
- Sanskrit
3.1
arjuna uvāca ---
jyāyasī cet karmaṇas te matā buddhir janārdana |
tat kiṃ karmaṇi ghore māṃ niyojayasi keśava ||
3.2
vyāmiśreṇaiva vākyena buddhiṃ mohayasīva me |
tad ekaṃ vada, niścitya yena śreyo 'ham āpnuyām ||
3.1-2
yadi karmaṇo buddhir eva jyāyasīti te matā, kim arthaṃ tarhi ghore karmaṇi māṃ niyojayasi / etad uktaṃ bhavati -- jñānaniṣṭhaivātmāvalokanasādhanam; karmaniṣṭhā tu tasyāḥ niṣpādikā; ātmāvalokanasādhanabhūtā ca jñānaniṣṭhā sakalendriyamanasāṃ śabdādiviṣayavyāpāroparatiniṣpādyety abhihitā / indriyavyāpāroparatiniṣpādyam ātmāvalokanaṃ cet siṣādhayiṣitam, sakalakarmanivṛttipūrvakajñānaniṣṭhāyām evāhaṃ niyojayitavyaḥ / kim arthaṃ ghore karmaṇi sarvendriyavyāpārarūpe ātmāvalokanavirodhini karmaṇi māṃ niyojayasīti // ato miśravākyena māṃ mohayasīva -- pratibhāti / tathā hy ātmāvalokanasādhanabhūtāyāḥ sarvendriyavyāpāroparatirūpāyāḥ jñānaniṣṭhāyāḥ tadviparyayarūpaṃ karma sādhanam, tad eva kurv
iti vākyaṃ viruddhaṃ vyāmiśram eva / tasmād ekam amiśrarūpaṃ vākyaṃ vada, yena vākyenāham anuṣṭheyarūpaṃ niścitya śreyaḥ prāpnuyām //
3.3
śrī-bhagavān uvāca ---
loke 'smin dvividhā niṣṭhā purā proktā mayānagha |
jñānayogena sāṅkhyānāṃ karmayogena yoginām ||
pūrvoktaṃ na samyagavadhṛtaṃ tvayā / purā hy asmin loke vicitrādhikāripūrṇe, dvividhā niṣṭhā jñānakarmaviṣayā yathādhikāram asaṅkīrṇaiva mayoktā / na hi sarvo laukikaḥ puruṣaḥ saṃjātamokṣābhilāṣas tadānīm eva jñānayogādhikāre prabhavati, api tv anabhisaṃhitaphalena kevalaparamapuruṣārādhanaveṣeṇānuṣṭhitena karmaṇā vidhvastasvāntamalaḥ, avyākulendriyo jñānaniṣṭhāyām adhikaroti / "yataḥ pravṛttir bhūtānāṃ yena sarvam idaṃ tatam / svakarmaṇā tam abhyarcya siddhiṃ vindati mānavaḥ" iti paramapuruṣārādhanaikaveṣatā karmaṇāṃ vakṣyate / ihāpi, "karmaṇy evādhikāras te" ityādinā anabhisaṃhitaphalaṃ karma anuṣṭheyaṃ vidhāya, tena viṣayavyākulatārūpamohād uttīrṇabuddheḥ "prajahāti yadā kāmān" ityādinā
jñānayoga uditaḥ / ataḥ sāṅkhyānām eva jñānayogena sthitir uktā / yogināṃ tu karmayogena / saṅkhyā buddhiḥ tadyuktāḥ sāṅkhyāḥ -- ātmaikaviṣayayā buddhyā saṃbandhinaḥ sāṅkhyāḥ; atadarhāḥ karmayogādhikāriṇo yoginaḥ / viṣayavyākulabuddhiyuktānāṃ karmayoge 'dhikāraḥ; avyākulabuddhīnāṃ tu jñānayoge 'dhikāra ukta iti na kiṃcid iha viruddhaṃ vyāmiśram abhihitam //
p73774
sarvasya laukikasya puruṣasya mokṣecchāyāṃ jātāyāṃ sahasaiva jñānayogo duṣkara ity āha --
3.4
na karmaṇām anārambhān naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo 'śnute |
na ca saṃnyasanād eva siddhiṃ samadhigacchati ||
na śāstrīyāṇāṃ karmaṇām anārambhād eva, puruṣo naiṣkarmyaṃ -- jñānaniṣṭhāṃ prāpnoti / na cārabdhasya śāstrīyasya tyāgāt; yato 'nabhisaṃhitaphalasya paramapuruṣārādhanaveṣasya karmaṇaḥ siddhiḥ sā / atas tena vinā tāṃ na prāpnoti / anabhisaṃhitaphalaiḥ karmabhir anārādhitagovindair avinaṣṭānādikālapravṛttānantapāpasañcayair avyākulendriyatāpūrvikā ātmaniṣṭhā dussaṃpādā //
p74458
etad evopapādayati --
3.5
na hi kaścit kṣaṇam api jātu tiṣṭhaty akarmakṛt |
kāryate hy avaśaḥ karma sarvaḥ prakṛtijair guṇaiḥ ||
na hy asmin loke vartamānaḥ puruṣaḥ kaścit kadācid api karmākurvāṇas tiṣṭhati; na kiṃcit karomīti vyavasito 'pi sarvaḥ puruṣaḥ prakṛtisaṃbhavaiḥ sattvarajastamobhiḥ prācīnakarmānuguṇaṃ pravṛddhair guṇaiḥ svocitaṃ karma prati avaśaḥ kāryate - pravartyate / ata uktalakṣaṇena karmayogena prācīnaṃ pāpasaṃcayaṃ nāśayitvā guṇāṃś ca sattvādīn vaśe kṛtvā nirmalāntaḥkaraṇena saṃpādyo jñānayogaḥ //
p75093
anyathā jñānayogāya pravṛtto mithyācāro bhavatīty āha --
3.6
karmendriyāṇi saṃyamya ya āste manasā smaran |
indriyārthān vimūḍhātmā mithyācāraḥ sa ucyate ||
avinaṣṭapāpatayā ajitāntaḥkaraṇaḥ ātmajñānāya pravṛtto viṣayapravaṇatayā ātmani vimukhīkṛtamanāḥ viṣayān eva smaran ya āste, anyathā saṃkalpya anyathā caratīti sa mithyācāra ucyate / ātmajñānāyodyukto viparīto vinaṣṭo bhavatītyarthaḥ //
3.7
yas tv indriyāṇi manasā niyamyārabhate 'rjuna |
karmendriyaiḥ karmayogam asaktaḥ sa viśiṣyate ||
ataḥ pūrvābhyastaviṣayasajātīye śāstrīye karmaṇi indriyāṇy ātmāvalokanapravṛttena manasā niyamya taiḥ svata eva karmapravaṇair indriyair asaṅgapūrvakaṃ yaḥ karmayogam ārabhate, so 'saṃbhāvyamānapramādatvena jñānaniṣṭhād api puruṣād viśiṣyate //
3.8
niyataṃ kuru karma tvaṃ karmaṃ jyāsayo hy akarmaṇaḥ |
śarīrayātrāpi ca te na prasiddhyed akarmaṇaḥ ||
niyataṃ vyāptam; prakṛtisaṃsṛṣṭena hi vyāptaṃ karma, anādivāsanayā prakṛtisaṃsṛṣṭas tvaṃ niyatatvena suśakatvād asaṃbhāvitapramādatvāc ca karmaṇaḥ, karmaiva kuru; akarmaṇaḥ jñānaniṣṭhāyā api karmaiva jyāyaḥ / "naiṣkarmyaṃ puruṣo 'śunute" iti prakramād akarmaśabdena jñānaniṣṭhaivocyate / jñānaniṣṭhādhikāriṇo 'py anabhyastapūrvatayā hy aniyatatvena duḥśakatvāt sapramādatvāc ca jñānaniṣṭhāyāḥ, karmaniṣṭhaiva jyāyasī; karmaṇi kriyamāṇe ca ātmayāthātmyajñānenātmano 'kartṛtvānusandhānam anantaram eva vakṣyate / ata ātmajñānasyāpi karmayogāntargatatvāt sa eva jyāyān ityarthaḥ / karmaṇo jñānaniṣṭhāyā jyāyastvavacanaṃ jñānaniṣṭhāyām adhikāre saty evopapadyate /
yadi sarvaṃ karma parityajya kevalaṃ jñānaniṣṭhāyām adhikāro 'pi, tarhi akarmaṇaḥ jñānaniṣṭhasya jñānaniṣṭhopakāriṇī śarīrayātrāpi na setsyati / yāvat sādhanasamāpti śarīradhāraṇaṃ cāvaśyaṃ kāryam / nyāyārjitadhanena mahāyajñādikaṃ kṛtvā tacchiṣṭāśanenaiva śarīradhāraṇaṃ kāryam, "āhāraśuddhau sattvaśuddhiḥ sattvaśuddhau dhrutvā smṛtiḥ" ityādiśruteḥ / "te tv aghaṃ bhuñjate pāpā ye pacanty ātmakāraṇāt" iti vakṣyate / ato jñānaniṣṭhasyāpi karmākurvato dehayātrāpi na setsyati / yato jñānaniṣṭhasyāpi dhriyamāṇaśarīrasya yāvatsādhanasamāpti mahāyajñādi nityanaimittikaṃ karma avaśyaṃ kartavyam, yataś ca karmayoge 'py ātmano 'kartṛtvabhāvanayātmayāthātmyānusandhānam antarbhūtam, yataś ca prakṛtisaṃsṛṣṭasya
karmayogaḥ suśako 'pramādaś ca, ato jñānaniṣṭhāyogyasyāpi jñānayogāt karmayogo jyāyān / tasmāt tvaṃ karmayogam eva kurv ityabhiprāyaḥ //
p77786
evaṃ tarhi dravyārjanādeḥ karmaṇo 'haṅkāramamakārādisarvendriyavyakulatāgarbhatvenāsya puruṣasya karmavāsanayā bandhanaṃ bhaviṣyatīty atrāha --
3.9
yajñārthāt karmaṇo 'nyatra loko 'yaṃ karmabandhanaḥ |
tadarthaṃ karma kaunteya muktasaṅgas samācara ||
yajñādiśāstrīyakarmaśeṣabhūtād dravyārjanādeḥ karmaṇo 'nyatra ātmīyaprayojanaśeṣabhūte karmaṇi kriyamāṇe ayaṃ lokaḥ karmabandhano bhavati / atas tvaṃ yajñārthaṃ dravyārjanādikaṃ karma samācara / tatrātmaprayojanasādhanatayā yaḥ saṅgaḥ tasmāt saṅgān muktas tam samācara / evaṃ muktasaṅgena yajñādyarthatayā karmaṇi kriyamāṇe yajñādibhiḥ karmabhir ārādhitaḥ paramapuruṣo 'syānādikālapravṛttakarmavāsanām ucchidya avyākulātmāvalokanaṃ dadātītyarthaḥ //
p78630
yajñaśiṣṭenaiva sarvapuruṣārthasādhananiṣṭhānāṃ śarīradhāraṇakartavyatām, ayajñaśiṣṭena śarīradhāraṇaṃ kurvatāṃ doṣaṃ cāha --
3.10
saha yajñaiḥ prajāḥ sṛṣṭvā purovāca prajāpatiḥ |
anena prasaviṣyadhvam eṣa vo 'stv iṣṭakāmadhuk ||
Translations (3)
- Srimad-Bhagavad-Gita — Swami Swarupananda 1909, English
- The Bhagavadgîtâ (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 8) — Kashinath Trimbak Telang 1882, English
- The Song Celestial — Edwin Arnold 1885, English
Commentaries (15)
- Jñāneśvarī — Jñāneśvara, Marathi
- Subodhinī — Śrīdhara Svāmin, Sanskrit
- Bhagavadgītāvīraśaivabhāṣya — Sanskrit
- Bhagavadgītābhāṣya (Śāṅkarabhāṣya) — Śaṅkara, Sanskrit
- Bhagavadgītāvivaraṇa (Sarvatobhadra) — Sanskrit
- Bhagavadāśayānusaraṇabhāṣya — Bhāskara (Vedāntin), Sanskrit
- Gītārthasaṅgraha (of Abhinavagupta) — Abhinavagupta, Sanskrit
- Sārārthavarṣiṇī — Viśvanātha Cakravartin 1680, Sanskrit
- Arthaprakāśikā — Upaniṣadbrahmayogin 1715, Sanskrit
- Tattvaprakāśikā — Keśava Kāśmīrī, Sanskrit
- Bālabodhinī — G.S. Pathak 1825, Sanskrit
- Gūḍhārthacandrikā — Vanamālī Miśra 1660, Sanskrit
- Tātparyabodhinī — Śaṅkarānanda, Sanskrit
- Gūḍhārthadīpikā — Madhusūdana Sarasvatī 1570, Sanskrit
- Vaṃśī — Vaṃśīdhara 1675, Sanskrit
Other recensions (1)
- Vulgate (700 verses) — Sanskrit
Linked texts (1)
- Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit