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Bhagavadgita 3

Arthaprakāśikā 3

Language
Sanskrit

3.1

tamiti | madhusūdano bhagavān svajanahiṃsāprayuktayā kṛpayā ''viṣṭam . aśrubhiḥ pūrṇe ākule īkṣaṇe yasya tam aśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇam aśruvyāptataralākṣaṃ viṣīdantaṃ śocantam arjunam idaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ vacanam uvāca |
kiṃ tadvākyamityapekṣāyām arjunaṃ sanmārge pravarttayituṃ sarvajño bhagavānuvāca—kuta iti dvābhyām |

3.2

kuta iti | svaśarābhāvairi maṇḍalākhyaṃ havirjuhoti nāśayati ceti he arjuna ! anupamaparākramavānarjuna iti prakhyātakīrttestava anāryajuṣṭaṃ śrutyācāryalabdhavivekanvitapuruṣāsevyam akīrttikaram ayaśasyam asvargyaṃ svargānarham idaṃ kaśmalaṃ yuddhavaimukhyaṃ viṣame samaye kṣatriyaśreṣṭhaṃ tvā tvāṃ kutaḥ kasmāddhetoḥ samupasthitam ? śiṣṭagarhitatvādvidaṃ tava nocitamityarthaḥ |
yata evamato yuddhāyottiṣṭhetyāha—

3.3

klaivyamiti | pṛthā nāma kuntī, tasyā apatyam, he pārtha ! klaivyam adhairyaṃ mā sma gamaḥ mā gāḥ na prāpnuhi | kasmāt ? īśvareṇāpi kṛtāhave digantaviśrāntaparākrame tvayyetannopapadyate | parān pratipakṣanīhārān svapauruṣagabhastibhiḥ tāpayati śoṣayati iti he paraṃtapa ! kṣudraṃ tucchaṃ hṛdayadaurbalyam adhīratāṃ tyaktvā yuddhāyottiṣṭha jhaṭitītyarthaḥ |
bhagavataivaṃ bodhyamāno 'pi nāhamadhairyeṇa yuddhāduparato 'smi, kiṃ tu parahiṃsāyā anyāyyatvāditi bhagavantaṃ pratyarjuna uvāca—

3.4

kathamiti | svājñolaṅghakānarīnasvahastaparahastābhyāṃ sūdayatīti he arisūdana ! madhusūdana ! saṃkhye yuddhe puṣpādibhiḥ pūjāhaum̐ tau bhīṣmadroṇācāyaum̐ kevalavācā 'pi yotsyāmīti vaktumaviṣayau prati katham iṣubhiḥ yotsyāmi yuddhaṃ kurve |
tathā cettava dehayātrā na sidhyatīti tatrāha--

3.5

gurūniti | śrutādhyayanapārīṇatvānmahā'nubhāvā guravo bhīṣmadroṇādayaḥ, tānahatvā ihāsmim̐lloke rājñāṃ niṣiddhamapi bhaikṣaṃ bhikṣā'nnaṃ bhoktuṃ śreyo hi | āmuṣmikasukhābhāve 'pyaihikaṃ sukhaṃ niraṅkuśamiti tatrāha--hatveti | ' arthasya puruṣo dāso dāsastvartho na kasyacit | iti satyaṃ mahābhāga baddho 'smyarthena kauravaiḥ || ' iti yudhiṣṭhiraṃ prati bhīṣmeṇoktatvāt arthakāmāngurūn hatvā tu hatvā 'pi rudhirapradigdhān lohitaliptān bhogān atyantagarhitān bhuñjīya aśnīyām | ato guruvadhasādhyabhogāpekṣayā bhaikṣāśanameva śreyo bhavedityarthaḥ |
yuddhasya kṣatriyadharmatve 'pi ahiṃsāśāstrapratiṣiddhatvāt bhaikṣayuddhayoḥ katarat śreya iti na vidmaḥ ; kiṃ ca jayājayasthitirapi saṃdigdhetyāha--

3.6

na ceti | hiṃsāśūnyatvād bhaikṣam, svadharmatvāyuddham ; bhaikṣayuddhayoḥ katar anyatarat no 'smākaṃ garīyaḥ śreyaskaramiti na vidmo na vijānīma ityarthaḥ | paradharmāpekṣayā svadharmaḥ śreyāniti tatrāha—yaddveti | ubhayoḥ jayādisthiteḥ saṃdigdhatvāt kimubhayeṣāṃ tatsāmyam | yadvā parapakṣān vayaṃ jayema jeṣyāmaḥ, yadi vā dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ no 'smān jayeyuḥ jeṣyanti | yadyapyasmākameva tvatprabhāvato jayo bhavatu nāma ; tathā 'pi na sa phalavān , yasmāt yān bandhūn hatvā naiva jijīviṣāmaḥ jīvituṃ necchāmaḥ, pramukhe asmatpurobhāge te dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ khalu avasthitāḥ | tasmāt yuddhāt kṣatriyagarhitamapi bhaikṣameva śreyaḥsādhanamityarthaḥ |
evaṃ viditasaṃsāradoṣasya mumukṣoreva brahmātmaikyopadeśagrahaṇādhikāraṃ vyaktīkurvannarjuno bhagavantamācāryatvena vṛṇvan niḥśreyasasādhanamupadiśeti prārthayate—

3.7

kārpaṇyeti | yo 'nātmavitparicchinnadṛṣṭiḥ sa kṛpaṇaḥ, aparicchinnaprabodhābhāvāt 'yo vā etadakṣaraṃ gārgyaviditvā 'smāllokātpraiti sa kṛpaṇaḥ' iti śruteḥ, tasya bhāvaḥ kārpaṇyam atasmiṃstadbhāvaḥ, tadeva doṣaḥ, tenopahataḥ kavalitaḥ svabhāvaḥ svajñānaṃ yasya so 'haṃ kārpaṇyadoṣopahatasvabhāvaḥ,
pratyakparaikyajñānadhāraṇārho dharmaḥ, tasmin saṃmūḍham avivekadaśā''pannaṃ ceto yasya so 'haṃ dharmasaṃmūḍhacetāḥ san tvā tvāmahaṃ pṛcchāmi | kiṃ pṛcchasīti tatrāha —yaditi | bhaikṣyayuddhayormadhye yadanyataranniḥśreyasasādhanaṃ syāditi vicārya niścitaṃ tadetanmahyaṃ brūhi | 'nāputrāyāśiṣyāya' iti niṣedhāt na vaktavyamiti tatrāha-śiṣya iti | yato 'haṃ te śiṣyaḥ ataḥ tvāṃ śaraṇaṃ prapannaṃ śādhi śikṣaya, sanmārge niyojayetyarthaḥ |
kutaḥ sarvaṃ parityajya niḥśreyasamevecchasīti tatrāha—

3.8

na hīti | bhūmāvasapatnaṃ śatruvarjitaṃ niṣkaṇṭakam ṛddhaṃ samṛddham, prajārakṣaṇaśikṣaṇahetuṃ rājyaṃ surāṇāmādhipatyamindratvaṃ brahmatvaṃ vā 'vāpyāpi mamendriyāṇāmucchoṣaṇaṃ yacchokamavivekajaṃ manastāpamapanudyāt apanayet , tacchokanivṛttisādhanaṃ na hi prapaśyāmi | yata evamataḥ tvameva macchokāgniṃ pratyagabhinnatvatprabodhāmṛtavarṣeṇa śamanaṃ kurvityarthaḥ | 'tarati śokamātmavit' iti śruteḥ |
evamarjunena bhagavantaṃ prati vijñāpitamiti saṃjaya uvāca —

3.9

evamiti | dṛṣṭvemaṃ svajanam ityādyevamuktaprakāreṇa guḍākeśo 'rjunaḥ svayaṃ paraṃtapo 'pi hṛṣīkeśamuktvā punargovindaṃ parapakṣaiḥ kadācidapi na yotsya ityuktvā ca samādhyāviṣṭa iva tūṣṇīṃ babhūva ha kila |
tataḥ kimityata āha—

3.10

tamiti | ubhayoḥ senayoḥ madhye viṣīdantamarjunaṃ prati prahasanniva hṛṣīkeśaḥ prasannamukhapaṅkajaḥ san he bhārateti saṃbodhya vakṣyamāṇamidmapavargaprāptisādhanaṃ niṣṭhādvayātmakaṃ gītāśāstramuvāca uktavānityarthaḥ | nanu neha bhagavatopāyopeyabhūtaṃ niṣṭhādvayaṃ pratipādyate, kṣatriyacchalarakṣogaṇabhārapīḍitayā dharaṇyā prārthitena brahmaṇā 'rthitasya nārāyaṇasya bhūbhāraharaṇārthameva devakīvasudevayorāvirbhūtatvena tādarthyenārjunaṃ prerayituṃ dharmādharmayorvaktavyatvāt ; ato 'sya śāstrasya na niṣṭhādvayātmakateti cet tatrocyate—bhagavadavatārasyopāyopeyabhūtaniṣṭhādvayasthāpakatvena bhūbhāranivṛtteścārthikatvādadhikāriṇamarjunaṃ niṣkāmakarmapravartanadvārā pratyagabhinnabrahmajñānaniṣṭhāyāmavatārayituṃ gītāśāstrasya varṇitatvāt niṣṭhādvayaviṣayatvaṃ siddhamevetyarthaḥ | na ca svājñānāvṛtasya na jñānopadeśārhatā syāditi vācyam , jñānopadeśasyājñaikagocaratvāt , tadviparītasya brahmātmabhāvāpannatavena jñānopadeśanairapekṣyāt , yasyādhiṣṭhānājñānaṃ tasyātasmiṃstadbhāvaḥ, yasyaivaṃ tasya niṣkāmakarmānuṣṭhānajanitacittaśuddhiprāpyasarvakarmasaṃnyāsapadamārūḍhasya tattvaṃpadārthaśodhakavākyārthavicāradvārā adhiṣṭhānajñānasaṃbhavādajñasyaiva jñāne 'dhikāraḥ | na ca pratyakparacidaikyajñānasya tattvaṃpadavicāragamyatvenārjunaṃ prati bhagavatā tadevopadeṣṭavyam , tadvihāya kimiti gītāśāstramupadiṣṭamiti vācyam, gītāśāstrasyāpi tattvaṃpadavicāraparatvāt, aṣṭādaśādhyāyavato gītāśāstrasya khaṇḍatrayātmakatvena tatra pūrvakhaṇḍaṃ tvaṃpadārthaśodhakam, madhyamakhaṇḍaṃ tatpadārthaśodhakam, antimakhaṇḍaṃ śodhitatattvaṃpadārthaikyabodhakamiti niścitatvād gītāśāstrameva kaivalyasādhanamiti siddham |
evaṃ svaniyojitājñānāvṛtacittatvena dharmasaṃmūḍhacetasaḥ kartavyākartavyavivekavikalasya duruttaraśokasāgaramadhye praviśya kliśyato 'rjunasya svājñānatatkāryanivartakapratyagabhinnabrahmajñānahetutattvaṃpadalakṣyaikyavicārādanyatroddhāramapaśyan tamananyaśaraṇamarjunaṃ svāvidyākāmakarmasaṃsārāduddhartumicchan sarvavedāntasaṃgrahabhūtaṃ tattvaṃpadalakṣyaikyaviṣayam 'aśocyān' ityādi 'sarvadharmānparityajya' ityantaṃ tadidaṃ gītāśāstraṃ śrībhagavānuvāca-aśocyānityādinā |

3.11

aśocyāniti | śokaviṣayāḥ śocyā na bhavantītyaśocyāḥ bhīṣmadroṇādayaḥ | 'dṛṣṭvaimaṃ svajanam' ityādinā yānpratyevaṃ tvamanvaśocaḥ anuśocitavānasi, te kiṃ bhīṣmādiśabdavācyāḥ uta tadbhinnā vā ? nādyaḥ, bhīṣmādiśabdavācyānāṃ śiraḥpāṇyādimatāṃ tūlāvidyāvikalpitatvena mithyātvāt mithyābhūtasya śokānāspadatvāt | na dvitīyaḥ, bhīṣmādiśabdavācyatatkāryabhāvābhāvaprakāśakapratyagrūpāṇāṃ nityaśuddhabuddhaparamānandābhinnatvena paramārthasatyatvāt pakṣadvaye 'pi na te śocyatāpadamanuvīborderran | yasmādubhayathā 'pi aśocyān bhīṣmādīnuddiśya tvamanvaśocaḥ, tasmāt asarpabhūte rajjukhaṇḍe sarpabuddhiḥ puruṣa iva bhrānto 'si | kiṃ ca—‘ kutastvā kaśmalam ’ ityādinā mayā bodhito 'pi mannimittaṃ bhīṣmādayo mriyante, tairvinābhūto 'haṃ rājyasukhādinā kiṃ kariṣyāmīti prajñāvādān buddhimatāṃ vacanāni bhāṣase uttama iva ; pāṇḍityacchalena mauḍhyameva prakaṭīkaroṣītyarthaḥ | dehādāvātmātmīyābhimānenāhamiva sarve 'pi śocantīti tatrāha—neti | yataḥ paṇḍitā gatāsūna gaṃtaprāṇān agatāsūṃn jīvataśca vā bandhūnuddiśya nānuśocanti | sūkṣmabuddhimattvaṃ paṇḍitatvam, na tvātmajñatvam, hetvabhāvāditi tatrāha—paṇḍitā iti| paṇḍā pratyagabhinnabrahmajñānato 'khaṇḍākārā vṛttiryeṣāmasti te paṇḍitāḥ | tadetatkhalu pāṇḍityam , na laukikaviṣaya sūkṣmabuddhimattvam | tathā ca śrutismṛtī—‘ pāṇḍityaṃ nirvidya bālyena tiṣṭhāset ’, ‘ paṇḍā parātmavijñānaṃ tadasyāstīti paṇḍitaḥ ’ iti | ataḥ tvamaśocyaśocanādapaṇḍito 'sītyarthaḥ |
aśocyān śocato mamāstvapaṇḍitatvam , paṇḍitānāmapi saṃbhavapralayadarśanāditi dehātmabuddhyā śaṅkamānamālakṣya ātmā na jāyate prāgabhāvāpratiyogitvāt , tathā na mriyate bhāvatve satyajaḍatvāt , yannaivaṃ tannaivaṃ yathā ghaṭaḥ iti vyatirekānumānāt tadanurodhena ‘ na jāyate mriyate vā vipaścit ’¹ ityādiśruteśca mama tava bhīṣmādīnāmapi pratyagabhinnabrahmarūpeṇa jātvapi saṃbhavapralayābhāvādaśocyatvaṃ siddhamevetyāha—

3.12

na tviti | ahaṃ parameśvaro jātu kadācidapi bhaktecchopāttalīlāvigrahasyāvirbhāvatirobhāvasattve 'pi nāsamiti na, kiṃ tvāsameva | ciraṃtanatvena tava saccidānandarūpatvāt tvādṛśasya jananamakaraṇābhāve 'pi tvadviparītasya mama kathamevaṃ syāditi tatrāha- na tvamiti | yathā 'haṃ parameśvaraḥ tathā tvamapi nāsīriti na, kiṃ tvāsīreva madaṃśatvāt | tvadaṃśatvena mama jananādyabhāve 'pi bhīṣmādīnāṃ tvadaṃśatvavaidhuryāt teṣāṃ janmādyabhāvaḥ kathamiti tatrāha-nema iti | ime janādhipāḥ bhīṣmādayaḥ nāsanniti na, kiṃ tvāsanneva, 'pādo 'sya viśvā bhūtāni¹' iti śrutyanurodhena teṣāmapi madaṃśatvāviśeṣāt bhīṣmādiśabdavācyadehādau janmasthitibhaṅgaṃ gate 'pi tadvilakṣaṇacaitanyasya paramārthasatyatvāt | ahaṃ tvaṃ ceme ca sarve vayamataḥ paraṃ dehotpatteḥ prāk pralayānantaraṃ ca na bhaviṣyāma iti na, kiṃ tu bhaviṣyāma eva ; dehadehānuvṛttyā sarve vayamiti bahuvacanaṃ nātmabhedābhiprāyeṇa | ātmana ekatvādaśocyatvaṃ siddhamityarthaḥ |
ātmana ekatve nityatvamuktam , tasyaiva pūrvadehaparityāge nūtanadehasvīkāre ca vikārasyāvaśyaṃbhāvāttadgato nityatvaṃ kathamityatra sadṛṣṭāntamuttaramāha-

3.13

dehina iti | deho 'syāstīti dehī, tasya dehino dehābhimānavataḥ asminvartamāne sthūladehe yathā yena prakāreṇa kumārasya bhāvaḥ kaumāraṃ bālyāvasthā, yūno bhāvo yauvanaṃ madhyamāvasthā, dehendriyapāṭavaṃ jarayatīti jarā caramāvasthā ityetāstisro 'vasthā mitho vilakṣaṇāḥ ābālagopālaṃ sādhāraṇyo
bhavanti, evamavasthātrayābhimānino lokasya bālo yuvā vṛddha ityabhimānavyāpārabhedadarśanāt kathamavikriyatvamityatrocyate--prathamāvasthā'pāye dvitīyāvasthā''game cāpāyāgamayorabhāvādyo 'haṃ bālo bālakaiḥ krīḍāmanvabhūvaṃ sa eva yauvane dārādibhiḥ sukhī syām | yo 'haṃ yuvā sa eva sthaviro bhavāmītyavasthātraye vyabhicāriṇyapi svasyāvyabhicāritvenaikatvānubhavāt bālo 'hamityādyabhimānavyāpārāṇāṃ kaumārādyavasthātrayāspadasthūlaśarīraniṣṭhatvādātmanaḥ tadvilakṣaṇatvenāvikriyatvaṃ siddham | tathā pūrvadehādanyo deho dehāntaraṃ tatprāptiḥ dehāntaraprāptirapi liṅgadehaniṣṭhā jātamātrasya śiśoḥ pūrvavāsanātaḥ stanyapānādipravṛttidarśanāt | yato janmanāśau dehādereva tadviparītasyātmano nopapadyete ataḥ tatra dehādiniṣṭhajanmanāśayoḥ śrutyācāryaprasādalabdhaparamārthabhāvārūḍhatvena dhīro jñānī na muhyati | dehe jāte mṛte vā jāto mṛto vā 'hamiti na mohamāpadyate svasya nityatvenāvikriyatvādityarthaḥ |
viduṣa ātmanāśanimittamohābhāve 'pi sukhaviyogaduḥkhasaṃyoganimitto mohaḥ syāditi tatrāha--

3.14

mātrāsparśā iti | kuntyā apatyaṃ kaunteya ! mīyante ābhiḥ iti mātrāḥ indriyāṇi, teṣāṃ sparśāḥ śabdādisaṃyogāḥ, te śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhāni prayacchantīti śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhadāḥ | yadvā spṛśyanta iti sparśāḥ śabdādayo viṣayāḥ | mātrāśca sparśāśca śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhadāḥ, kadācit kasyacit śītamuṣṇaṃ vā sukhaṃ tadviparyayo vā bhavediti teṣāmaniyatarūpatvāt, yata evam āgamāpāyinaḥ saṃbhavapralayavanto bhavanti | evam iṣṭajanasaṃyogaviyogā api āgamāpāyinaḥ ata evānityāḥ tathā 'pi yataḥ śītoṣṇādidvaṃdreṣu harṣaviṣādavatāmanarthaparaṃparā anivāryā syāt ; ataḥ teṣu harṣaviṣādarahito bhūtvā, bharato nāma paurviko bhūpatiḥ tasyānvaye jāta iti he bhārata ! śītoṣṇādīṃstitikṣasva sahasvetyarthaḥ | ‘śānto dānta uparatastitikṣuḥ śraddhāvitto bhūtvā ''tmanyevātmānaṃ paśyati’ 1 iti śruteḥ | asmin śloke bhagavaduktasaṃbodhanadvayādubhayakulaviśuddhasyaiva brahmavidyā'dhikāritvaṃ dyotyate | ata eva bhagavānnevaṃ saṃbodhyārjunāya brahmavidyāmupadiṣṭavāniti bhāvaḥ |
kevalaśītoṣṇādisahanasya muktisādhanatvābhāve 'pi tasyaiva punarvivekavairāgyasahitasya jñānadvārā muktisādhanatvāt tatpratīkāraprayatnādapi tatsahanamevocitamityāha—

3.15

yaṃ hīti | pauruṣānvitāḥ puruṣāḥ kṣatriyaśreṣṭhāḥ kṣamāvantaśca, teṣām ṛṣabhaḥ śreṣṭho 'yamiti he puruṣarṣabha ! same duḥkhasukhe yasya taṃ samaduḥkhasukhamityādisādhanacatuṣṭayasaṃpattyā kabalitasukhaduḥkhaprayuktaharṣaviṣādadhīḥ dhīraḥ | yadvā svavyāvṛttakāryajātānuvṛttabrahmātmamātrāvaśeṣakṛddhīraḥ | taṃ dhīraṃ pūrṇabrahmabhāvārūḍhaṃ yaṃ puruṣam ete pūrvoktā mātrāsparśaprabhavāḥ śītoṣṇādayo na vyathayanti na cālayanti | svabhāvakabalitaśītoṣṇādidvaṃdvo vidvān so 'mṛtatvāya kaivalyāya kalpate hi yogyo bhavatītyarthaḥ |
sadasadātmakadvaitasya sattvenādvaitasvarūpāvasthānalakṣaṇakaivalyasya mṛgyatvāt sadasadvivekasyāpi duravagrahatvāt dvaṃdvasahanaprayojanābhāvācca kathaṃ vidvānamṛtatvāya kalpata iti tatrāha—

3.16

neti | anṛtajaḍaduḥkhātmakasthūladehādeḥ jāgradādeḥ śītoṣṇādeśca dvaitasyāsataḥ sadbhāvaḥ astitvaṃ na vidyate, pratikṣaṇaṃ vikāritvena vyabhicāritvāt | yathā ghaṭaśarāvādikaṃ mṛdvyatirekeṇa nirūpayitumaśakyam , tathaiva vikārāṇāṃ kāraṇāvyatirekapramāṇādvyāvṛttasya kāryajātasya svotpattipralayābhyāṃ prāgūrdhvaṃ cādarśanāt vyāvṛttasyānuvṛtte brahmaṇi kalpitatvenāsataḥ avidyamānatvaṃ siddham | anṛtajaḍaduḥkhātmakavyāvṛttaprapañcapratiyogyṛtajaḍānandātmakatvenānuvṛttasya sataḥ abhāvaḥ avidyamānatā na vidyate sarvatra sarvadā avyabhicāritvena paramārthasatyatvāt yathā vyāvṛttasarpadhārā''dyanuvṛttarajjoridamaṃśaḥ san tathā 'nuvṛttaṃ brahma satyam | vyāvṛtteṣu vyabhicāriṣvapyavyabhicāritayā sarvatrānuvṛttatvāt sattvaṃ niraṅkuśam | evamubhayoranayoḥ sadasatpadārthayoḥ satsadeva asadasadevetyanto nirṇayo dṛṣṭaḥ | kaiḥ ? tattvadarśibhiḥ, tasya bhāvaḥ tattvam , tattattvaṃpadalakṣyapratyagabhinnabrahmayāthātmyaṃ draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te tattvadarśinaḥ, taiḥ | tuśabdaḥ tattvaviditaraiḥ sadasadviveko duravagraha iti dyotayati | tvamapi tattvadarśināṃ mārgamavaṣṭabhya sarvatrānuvṛttasadbrahmavyatirekeṇa vyāvṛttāsaddvaitaprapañcābhāvāt paramārthasataḥ advaitatvena kaivalyarūpatvāt vivekavairāgyapūrvakadvaṃdvasahanasya jñānadvārā kaivalyahetutvamastīti niścitya śītoṣṇādi sahasvetyarthaḥ |
kavalitāsatprapañcasya sataḥ sarvavikriyārahitatvena sāmānyaviśeṣaśūnyākhaṇḍaikarasatvaṃ cāha—

3.17

avināśīti | carācarātmakaṃ jagat sarvaṃ yena viṣṇvākhyena brahmaṇā ākāśena ghaṭādikamiva tataṃ kabalitam, tattu pratyagabhinnaṃ brahmāvināśīti viddhi | sarvathā svataḥ parato vā vināśābhāvadyotakaḥ tuśabdaḥ, ‘avināśī vā are 'yamātmā¹’ iti śruteḥ | avināśitve heturavyaya iti | tasya niravayavatvena svabhinnāvayavāpacayopacayaśūnyatvena ca svasaṃbandhivastvabhāvāt yathā kaścilloke dhanādihānito vyeti na tathā brahma, svabhinnadhanādyabhāvataḥ kutrāpyātmātmīyatvābhimānābhāvāt | ataḥ tādṛśasyāvyayasya brahmaṇo vināśaṃ svarūpābhāvaṃ kartuṃ na kaścidarhati, svanāśaprasaṅgāt svasyaiva brahmatvāt svanāśasya tāvadābālagopālamaniṣṭatvāt | yathā cakṣurgataṃ kṛṣṇatāraṃ cakṣurna paśyati tathaiva svanāśaṃ svayaṃ na karoti, ekasyaiva karmatvakartṛtvavirodhāt | tasmādīśvaro 'pi svanāśaṃ kartuṃ neśvara ityarthaḥ |
kālatrayāvyabhicāritvena satsvarūpamuktvā tadviparītamasatsvarūpamāha—

3.18

antavanta iti | yathā 'dhiṣṭhānabhūtamaruśuktirajjvādisvājñānadaśāṃ nīrarajatasarpādirūpeṇa satyavadbhāsamāno 'pi punaḥ svajñānadaśāmadhiṣṭheyanīra-
rajatasarpādirantavānbhavati, tathaiva sarvādhiṣṭhānabhūtabrahmātmājñānata ime anṛtajaḍaduḥkhātmakasthūlasūkṣmakāraṇadehā ātmātmīyābhimānāspadānyapi punaḥ svajñānataḥ svapnamāyākalpitadehavaccānto nāśo yeṣāṃ te antavanto bhavanti | teṣāṃ mithyātve 'pi śarīriṇo jīvasya nityatvāt nityasyānāśinaḥ ātmana ime dehāḥ sūribhiḥ antavanta ityuktāḥ | na ca nityasyānāśina ityatra punaruktiḥ, nityatvānāśitvayoḥ bhinnatvāt | ātyantikanāśāspṛṣṭatvaṃ nityatvam | āpekṣikanāśāspṛṣṭatvamanāśitvam | deho 'darśanaṃ gato naṣṭa ityatrātyantikanāśaḥ, vidyamāno 'pi deho vyādhyādiyukto naṣṭa ityatrāpekṣikanāśaḥ | nityasyānāśinaḥ iti dvayoruktyā ātmano dvividhanāśasaṃbandhābhāvaḥ pratīyate | anyathā ghaṭādinityatvavadāpekṣikameva syāt, tanmā bhūditi nityasyānāśinaḥ ityuktam | nityatvānāśitvayoḥ hetuḥ aprameyasyeti | pratyakṣādipramāṇaiḥ pramātumayogyasyetyarthaḥ | pratyakṣādyaprameyatve 'pi vedāntavedyatvena prameyatā syāditi cenna, svataḥ siddhatvādātmanaḥ | siddhe sati pramātari pramāṇecchā jāyate | na cāhamiti pūrvamātmānamapramāya paricchedapravṛttirupapadyate | ahamahaṃ vā na vetyābālagopālamātmanaḥ asaṃdigdhatvāt | vedāntāstāvadātmanyataddharmāropanirāsakatvena pramāṇapadaṃ bhajante na tvajñātārthajñāpakatvena, ‘yatsākṣādaparokṣād brahma ya ātmā sarvāntaraḥ’ iti śruteḥ | he bhārata ! yasmāt dehādayaḥ āgamāpāyitvenānityāḥ tadviparītatvenātmā avikriyo nityaśca bhavati, tasmānmohajaṃ śokaṃ tyaktvā yudhyasva ; yuddhādvimukho mā bhūrityarthaḥ | yudhyasvetyatra jñānāṅgatvena na yuddhakartavyatā vidhīyate | sarveṣāṃ yuddhasya kṣatriyadharmatvena svayaṃ kṣatriyo bhūtvā yuddhe pravṛtta eva hyarjunaḥ śokamohāvṛtaḥ tūṣṇīmāsteti tasya mohāvṛttinirāso bhagavatā
kriyate | yata evamato gītāśāstrasya saṃsārakāraṇāvidyādvayatatkāryamahāmohanirāsakatvādarjunaṃ prati yudhyasvetyanuvādamātram , na sarveṣāṃ jñānāṅgatvena tatkartavyatā vidhīyata ityarthaḥ |
yathā bhīṣmādimaraṇaprayuktaḥ śoko nirnimittaḥ, tathā 'etānna hantumicchāmi' ityādivatsvasaṃbandhihantṛtvaprayuktaḥ śoko 'pītyatrānuvādakatvena dvau mantrāvanukrāmati—

3.19

ya iti | yaḥ pumān enam asmatpratyayālambanamātmānaṃ hananakriyākartṛtvena hantāraṃ vetti, yaścainaṃ prakṛtamātmānaṃ hananakriyākarmatvena hataṃ manyate, tāvubhāvapi dehātmabhāvārūḍhatvena tadvilakṣaṇamātmānaṃ na vijānītaḥ ; na jānīta evetyarthaḥ | yata evamato hananakriyākartṛtvakarmatve ātmano na pāramārthike, kiṃ tvavidyākalpite ityatra hetumāha—nāyamiti | ayamātmā na parānhanti, parairvā svayaṃ na hanyate | avikriyatvādātmano hananakriyākartṛtvaṃ tatkarmatvaṃ vā na saṃbhavatītyarthaḥ |
hananakriyākartṛtvaṃ tatkarmatvaṃ vā nāstīti yaduktaṃ tanmṛṣyam, ātmanaḥ ṣaḍbhāvavikārāspadatvādityevaṃ prāpte, dvitīyo mantra āmnāyate—

3.20

na jāyata iti | ayamātmā kadācidapi na jāyate, janikriyārahitatvāt | ayamātmā kadācidapi na mriyate vā | vā śabdaścārthe | na mriyate cetyarthaḥ, nāśakriyāvidhuratvāt | yadyapi ādyāntyavikriyayoḥ pratiṣedhena sarvā vikriyāḥ pratiṣidhyante, tathā 'pi madhyabhāvivikriyāpratiṣedho vaktavya ityāha — nāyamiti | na cāyamātmā bhūtvā utpadya bhavitā astitvabhāgbhavati, sarvadā pāramārthikasatyatvena janmānantarāstitvalakṣaṇadvitīyavikriyāvikalatvāt | vāśabda-naśabdābhyāmayamātmā 'bhūtvā prāgdehavadbhūyo vā punarapi na bhavitā | yo hi jāyate sa janmānantaramastitvaṃ bhajate | yastadviparītaḥ so 'yamātmā na jāyata ityajo bhavati | ajatve sati sarvadaikarūpatvānnityaḥ | nityatve 'pyapakṣayavikāraḥ kiṃ na syāditi tatrāha— śāśvata iti | śaśvadbhavaḥ śāśvataḥ | niravayavatve sati nirguṇatvātsvarūpato guṇato vā 'pakṣayaśūnya ityarthaḥ | apakṣayābhāve 'pi vṛddhivikriyā kiṃ na syāditi tatrāha—purāṇa iti | purā 'pi navaḥ purāṇaḥ | idānīṃtanasya navasya sāvayavatvena vṛddhivikriyā syāt | ātmano niravayavatvena purā 'pi navatvādayamātmā tūlāvidyāvikāradehādivat kadācidapi na vardhata ityarthaḥ | apakṣayavṛddhyoravayavaniṣṭhatve 'pi pariṇāmitvaṃ kiṃ na syāditi tatrāha—na hanyata iti | hanyamāne vipariṇamyamāne śarīre ayamātmā kadācinna hanyate na vipariṇamyate nirūpādhikatvāt | na ca mriyate hanyata iti na paunaruktyam, hanteḥ pariṇāmārthatvasaṃbhavāt | na jāyata ityasminmantre yāskācāryāvalambitaṣaḍbhāvavikāranirākaraṇato hananakriyākartṛtvaṃ tatkarmatvaṃ cātmano nirastamityarthaḥ |
pūrvamantrato hananakriyākartṛtvaṃ tatkarmatvaṃ vā ''tmano naiveti pratijñāya tatsiddhaye ṣaḍbhāvavikāravikalatvamuktvā pratijñātārthamupasaṃharati—

3.21

vedeti | he pārtha ! ya enamiti pūrvamantroktalakṣaṇamavināśinamāpekṣikanāśāspṛṣṭam, nityamātyantikanāśāspṛṣṭam, ajaṃ janmādipañcavikāravikalam, avyayamantyavikriyāśūnyamātmānamasmatpratyayālambanatvena yo veda vijānāti, sa puruṣo vidvān kathaṃ kena prakāreṇa kaṃ ghātayati hantāraṃ niyojayati, kaṃ vā hanti hananakriyāṃ karoti ; na kathaṃciddhāātayati na kathaṃciddhantītyākṣepārtha eva syāt, uttaratra prativacanādarśanena praśnārthatvāsaṃbhavāt ; ' yatra tvasya sarvamātmaivābhūttatkena kaṃ paśyet ' ityādikriyākārakaphalanirākaraṇaśrutyanurodhena svabhinnasāmānyaviśeṣavastvabhāvātkathaṃ kaṃ vā 'nyaṃ pareṇa ghātayati svayaṃ kaṃ vā kathaṃ vā hantītyākṣepārthasyaiva yuktatvāt | utpannacittaśuddheḥ mumukṣoḥ viduṣaśca sarvakarmasaṃnyāsa evādhikāro nānyatreti prakaraṇārthaḥ | ' pravṛttilakṣaṇaṃ karma jñānaṃ saṃnyāsalakṣaṇam | tasmājjñānaṃ puraskṛtya saṃnyasyediha buddhimān || yadā tu viditaṃ tattvaṃ paraṃ brahma sanātanam | tadaikadaṇḍaṃ saṃgṛhya sopavītaṃ śikhāṃ tyajet || ' ityādiśruteḥ |
ātmano 'vikriyatve vividiṣorviduṣaśca sarvakarmasaṃnyāsādhikāraḥ syādeva ; tadabhāvātpurātanadehahāne nūtanadehopādāne ca savikriyatvasya dhrauvyāttena vidvattā''dyasiddhau sarvakarmasaṃnyāsāsiddhiriti tatrāha —

3.22

vāsāṃsīti | yathā kathaṃcillaukiko naro jīrṇāni vāsāṃsi vihāya navāni sudṛḍhāni vāsāṃsi gṛhṇāti, purātanavastraparityāge nūtanavastrasvīkāre ca vikārābhāvata ekarūpeṇāvatiṣṭhate, tathaiva dehī jīrṇāni vayohāniṃ gatāni śarīrāṇi vihāya navāni śarīrāṇi saṃyāti gṛhṇāti, purātanadehaparityāge nūtanadehasvīkāre cātmā avikriya evāvatiṣṭhata ityevaṃ jānato vidvattāyāḥ saṃbhavāt | ataḥ sarvakarmasaṃnyāsādhikāro viduṣo niraṅkuśaḥ syādityarthaḥ |
yaduktamātmano 'vikriyatvaṃ tanna saṃbhavati, pṛthivyādibhūtacatuṣṭayaprayuktavikārāṇāmanivāryatvāditi, tatrāha--

3.23

nainamiti | asyādīnāṃ dvaidhīkaraṇasāmarthyāttānyātmānaṃ tathā kurvantīti tatrāha--neti | enaṃ prakṛtamātmānaṃ pārthivavikārāḥ asyādīni śastrāṇi na cchindanti nāvayavavibhāgaṃ kurvanti, niravayavatvāt | agneḥ sarvadagdhṛtvasāmarthyādātmānamapi sa dahediti tatrāha--neti | tathā enaṃ prakṛtamātmānaṃ pāvako 'gniḥ na dahati, amūrtatvāt | apāṃ kledanasāmarthyādātmānaṃ tāḥ kledayeyuriti tatrāha--neti | āpaścainaṃ na kledayanti saṃdhibandhaviśleṣaṇaṃ na kurvanti, bhūtabhautikajātiśūnyatvāt | mārutasya sarvaśoṣaṇasāmarthyādātmānamapi sa śoṣayediti tatrāha--neti | māruto 'pyenaṃ na śoṣayati, snehaguṇarahitatvāt |
ātmano 'vikriyatve hetūnupanyasyati—

3.24

acchedya iti | asmatpratyayālambanaṃ prakṛto 'yamātmā acchedyaḥ, niravayavatve sati nityatvāt | ayamadāhyaḥ, nityatve sati sarvagatatvāt | ayamakledyaḥ, sarvagatatve sati sthāṇuvat sthirasvabhāvatvāt | ayamaśoṣya eva ca, sthāṇutve sati pūrvarūpāparityāgenācalasvabhāvatvāt | ayamātmā sanātanaḥ, acalatve sati kāraṇāntarāniṣpannatvāt | yato 'nyonyanāśakāraṇāni śastrāgnijalāvāyvātmakāni ātmānaṃ nāśayituṃ notsahante, ato 'yamātmaiva nityaḥ, nityatvātsarvagataḥ, sarvagatatvātsthāṇuḥ, sthāṇutvādacalaḥ, acalatvātsanātanaḥ, sanātanatvādevoktānuktavikārapūgarahita ityarthaḥ | acchedyo 'yamityasmin śloke nityatvaṃ sarvagatatvaṃ sthāṇutvaṃ sanātanatvaṃ ca ātmanaḥ pratipāditamapi paramakāruṇiko bhagavānātmano durvijñeyatvaṃ manyamānaḥ san yathā yathā vyāvṛttasaṃsṛtirbuddhiranuvṛtte brahmaṇyavatārthate tathā tathā bhūyo bhūyaḥ prasaṅgamāpādyāpādya pratipāditamarthameva kvacitkvacicchabdāntareṇārthāntareṇa ca yato nirūpitavānataḥ kutrāpyasmin śāstre na punaruktidoṣāvakāśa iti bhāvaḥ |
pūrvoktapratyagātmanaḥ paramātmābhedena sarvātītatvamāha—

3.25

avyakta iti | tūlāntaḥkaraṇāvidyāvijṛmbhitasya jāgradādivimokṣāntasya saṃsārasya vyaktatvāt tadviparītatvena tadbhāvābhāvaprakāśakaciddhātorvyaktatvādavyakto 'yamātmā, svabhāvakabalitatūlāvidyātatkāryatvāt | mūlāvidyāvijṛmbhitekṣaṇādipraveśāntasaṃsārasya śrutyācāryānugṛhītabuddhimacintyatvāt tanmūlāvidyā'dhyāropāpavādādhiṣṭhānatvena tatsattāsphūrtyānandapradatvena ca vartamānasya paramātmano 'cintyatvāt acintyo 'yamātmā, svānandakabalitamūlāvidyātatkāryatvāt | vyaṣṭisamaṣṭyātmakāvidyādvayavijṛmbhitajīveśatatkāryavibhramāṇāṃ vikāryatvādyugapadavidyādvayādhyāropāpavādadoṣāspṛṣṭapratyakparavibhāgāsahasattāsāmānyabrahmaṇo 'vikāryatvādavikāryo 'yamātmetyucyate, mahāsattākabalitasakāryāvidyādvayataddhetumāyākatvāt | yasmādevaṃ tasmāt avyakto 'yamityādiviśeṣaṇaviśiṣṭamenaṃ pratyagabhinnaṃ paramātmānaṃ viditvā mithyābhīṣmādiśarīroddeśena nānuśocitumarhasi | bhīṣmādiśarīrāṇāṃ vyāvṛttatvena mithyātvāt bhīṣmādīnāmanuvṛttatvena satyatvāddyāvṛttānuvṛttayostejastimirayoriva yugapadekatrāvasthānāsambhavādanuvṛttavyatirekeṇa vyāvṛttābhāvāt sarvamanuvṛttaṃ brahmāhamasmīti niścayavatāṃ na śokāvakāśa iti bhāvaḥ |
evaṃbhūtabrahmātmaikyaśravaṇaṃ kṛtvā 'pi tadanavadhāraṇato dehātmadṛṣṭimarjunamālakṣya punaḥ pūrvoktajñānaniṣṭhāyāmavatārayituṃ tadbuddhimanusṛtya dehātmanoraikyaṃ yadi manyase tathā 'pi śoko na kārya ityāha—

3.26

atha ceti | he mahābāho! dehādisaṃbandhāspṛṣṭatvena nityamenaṃ prakṛtamātmānaṃ dehe jāte mṛte vā jātaṃ mṛtaṃ vā 'tha ca manyase | atha-caśabdo yadyarthaḥ | puṇyapāpatatphalayorātmagāmitvena mūḍhadṛṣṭyā janmamaraṇasattve 'pi
tayoravaśyaṃbhāvitvenānivāryatvāt | tathā 'pyevaṃ pūrvavannānuśocitumarhasi, na yogyo bhavasītyarthaḥ |
śokasyākartavyatve hetvantaramāha—

3.27

jātasyeti | hi yasmādārabdhakarmaṇā jātasya jantoḥ mṛtyurdhruvaḥ prārabdhakṣayāt | mṛtasya ca punaḥ saṃcitakarmodbhūtālabdhakarmato janma dhruvam | janmavato nāśo nāśavato janmetyevamavaśyaṃbhāvinau janmanāśau bhavataḥ | tasmādaparihārye 'rthe na tvaṃ vivekī śocitumarhasi |
dehāderadṛṣṭadṛṣṭanaṣṭatvasvabhāvaṃ paryālocyāpi śoko na kārya ityāha—

3.28

avyaktādīnīti | he bhārata ! avyaktamadarśanaṃ pradhānameva ādiḥ kāraṇaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni bhūtāni śarīrāṇi bhavanti, kāraṇātmanā sthitānāmevotpattidarśanāt | karaṇagrāhyatvād vyaktam, janimṛtyorantarālasthitiḥ madhyam, vyaktameva madhyaṃ yeṣāṃ tāni vyaktamadhyāni | punaravyaktameva nidhanaṃ nilayo yeṣāṃ tāni | tatraiva paryavasantāni bhūtāni bhavantītyavyaktanidhanānyeva | maraṇādūrdhvamadarśanatāṃ pratipadyanta ityarthaḥ,
‘adarśanādihāyāto madhye darśanatāṃ gataḥ | punaścādarśanaṃ prāptaḥ sarvo loko na saṃśayaḥ ||’ iti smṛtidarśanāt | evamadṛṣṭadṛṣṭanaṣṭadehendriyādisaṃghāteṣu bhūteṣu kā paridevanā ? kutaḥ pravilāpa ityarthaḥ |
tarhi śāstrajñā api kathaṃ śocantītyākāṅkṣāyāṃ nirvikalpakapratyagabhinnabrahmaprabodhābhāvāditi manasi nidhāyātmano durvijñeyatvamāha—

3.29

āścaryavaditi | tatra prathamapādenātmadarśanasya durlabhatvaṃ darśayati— āścaryavaditi | kaścidadhikārī puruṣaḥ śrutyācāryopadeśataḥ saccidānandasvabhāvatvena sarvagatamenaṃ pratyagabhinnaṃ paramātmānaṃ svātmabhūtamapyaindrajālikaracitapaśyadvismayāspadramāyāvikalpajālamiva āścaryavadadbhutamiva paśyati, asaṃbhāvanākavalitadṛṣṭitvāt | dvitīyapādataḥ tadīyavadanasya durlabhatvaṃ sphuṭayati —āścaryavaditi | tathā anyo 'pyenamātmānamāścaryavadvadati ca | tṛtīyapādataḥ tadīyaśravaṇasya durlabhatvaṃ sphorayati—āścaryavaditi | tathā enamātmānamāścaryavadanyaḥ śṛṇoti | caturthapādena tadīyaśravaṇavadanadarśanasadbhāve 'pi tadīyasākṣātkārasyātyantadurlabhatvaṃ viśadayati—śrutvā 'pīti | kaścidenaṃ śrutvā 'pyuktvā 'pi dṛṣṭvā 'pi yathāvannaiva veda ca viparītabhāvanā''vṛtadṛṣṭitvāt | evamanekeṣu satsu kaścidevānantakoṭijanmasukṛtaparipākavaśādyathāvacchṛṇoti vadati sākṣātkaroti ca | ato durvijñeya ātmetyabhiprāyaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ— ‘śravaṇāyāpi bahubhiryo na labhyaḥ śa‍ṛṇvanto 'pi bahavo yaṃ na vidyuḥ | āścaryo vaktā kuśalo 'sya labdhā āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ ||’ 1 iti |
evamātmano durvijñeyatvamuktvā 'śocyatvamupasaṃharati—

3.30

dehīti | he bhārata ! sarvasya prāṇijātasya prārabdhasadbhāvāsadbhāvābhyāṃ dehe jāyamāne vadhyamāne 'pi dehī kūṭastho 'yamātmā avadhyo bhavati | tasmādavadhyatvahetoḥ sarvāṇi bhūtāni bhīṣmādīnyuddiśya na tvaṃ śocitumarhasi |
ātmano nityatvābhiprāyeṇa śokamohayoranavakāśatāṃ pratipādya ‘vepathuśca śarīre me romaharṣaśca jāyate’ iti yaduktaṃ tadayuktam, yuddhasya kṣatriyadharmatvena śokamohau na kāryāvityāha—

3.31

svadharmamiti | svasya kṣatriyasya dharmaḥ svadharmaḥ, taṃ yuddhamapi cāvekṣya yuddhāt vikampituṃ calituṃ nārhasi, yuddhasya kṣatriyadharmatvāt | ‘na ca śreyo
'nupaśyāmi' iti yaduktaṃ tatrāha — dharmyāditi | tacca yuddhaṃ svārimaṇḍalavijayadvārataḥ prajāsaṃrakṣaṇātmakadharmārtham, dharmādanapetaṃ dharmyam | tasmāt dharmyādyuddhācchreyo 'nyatkṣatriyasya na vidyate hi |
yathā sāmānyāhiṃsāśāstrato yāgīyapaśuhiṃsāyāḥ prabalatvenāvaśyakartavyatā coditā, tathā gurubhrātrādihiṃsārūpasya yuddhasya kṣatriyadharmatvena tatropekṣā na kāryetyāha—

3.32

yadṛcchayeti | he pārtha ! yadṛcchayā aprayatnataścopapannamapāvṛtamudghāṭitakavāṭaṃ svargadvāramīdṛśaṃ yuddhaṃ ye labhante kṣatriyāḥ ta eva sukhinaḥ sukhabhogina ityarthaḥ |
'svajanaṃ hi kathaṃ hatvā' iti yaduktaṃ tadasādhu, svadharmānuṣṭhātuḥ svargadarśanāt tadakaraṇe pratyavāyasyāvaśyaṃbhāvitvāt svadharmānuṣṭhānaṃ kartavyamevetyāha—

3.33

atheti | atha yuddhākaraṇapakṣe, dharmādanapetaṃ dharmyam imaṃ saṃgrāmaṃ na kariṣyasi cet tataḥ svadharmākaraṇāt mahādevamahendrādisamāgamanimittāṃ kīrttiṃ ca hitvā pāpamavāpsyasi | 'svadharmatyāgamātreṇa pātakī syāt' iti smṛteḥ |
na kevalaṃ svadharmakīrttyoḥ parityāgaḥ, kiṃ tu śiṣṭagarhaṇamapi syādityāha-

3.34

akīrttimiti | bhūtāni sarve prāṇinaḥ avyayāṃ śāśvatīmakīrttiṃ te tava kathayiṣyanti | svarakṣaṇasya śreyohetutvena svamaraṇasaṃdehādyuddhākaraṇāgatā 'pakīrttiḥ soḍhavyeti tatrāha-saṃbhāvitasyeti | śūrāgragaṇyo 'yamarjuna iti saṃbhāvitasya śūrajanaiḥ ślāghitasya tavākīrttiḥ maraṇāt atiricyate | maraṇādapi akīrttiḥ adhiketyarthaḥ |
ukte 'rthe hetvantaramāha-

3.35

bhayāditi | yeṣāṃ duryodhanādīnāṃ śūro 'yamanekaguṇavānarjunaḥ iti bahumato bhūtvā punastvaṃ lāghavaṃ yāsyasi, mahārathāḥ karṇādayaḥ tvāṃ bhayāt raṇāduparataṃ maṃsyante, na dayayoparataṃ cintayiṣyantītyarthaḥ |
na kevalamevaṃ cintayiṣyanti, tvatsamakṣamavācyavādānapi vadiṣyantītyāha--

3.36

avācyeti | tavāhitāḥ śatravaḥ tvatsāmarthyaṃ parākramaṃ nindantaḥ santo bahūnavācyavādān avaktavyaśabdān vadiṣyanti | bhīṣmādivadhaprayuktakleśataḥ svasāmarthyanindā soḍhuṃ śakyeti tatrāha—tata iti | tataḥ svanindāprayuktaduḥkhāt duḥkhataraṃ kimasti ? na kimapītyarthaḥ |
' yadvā jayema' ityādi yaduktaṃ tatrāha—

3.37

hata iti | yuddhe karṇādibhiḥ hato vā svargasukhaṃ prāpsyasi karṇādīn jitvā vā mahīṃ bhokṣyase | yasmāt jayājayayorapi tava lābhaḥ tasmāt jepyāmi śatrūnmariṣyāmi veti kṛtaniścayaḥ san he kaunteya ! yuddhāya svadharmānuṣṭhānāyottiṣṭha, mā ''lasyaṃ kurvityarthaḥ |
' pāpamevāśrayedasmān' iti yaduktaṃ tatrāha—

3.38

sukheti | iṣṭaviṣayalābhajaṃ sukham | aniṣṭaviṣayalābhajaṃ duḥkham | sukhaṃ ca duḥkhaṃ ca sukhaduḥkhe same kṛtvā tayoḥ kāraṇabhūtau śatrūkośādiprāptiḥ lābhaśca alābhastadviparyayaśca lābhālābhau rāgadveṣanimittau, tathā tayoḥ kāraṇabhūtau svena paraparibhavo jayaścājayaḥ tadviparyayaśca jayājayau samau kṛtvetyarthaḥ | eteṣāṃ kāraṇaṃ sarvatra harṣaviṣādarāhityena samatvam | tataḥ sarvatra samabuddhito yuddhāya yujyasva | yathā svadharmaparityāgapūrvakaṃ paradharmānuṣṭhānātpāpamavāpsyasi, tathaivaṃ phalecchāṃ vihā switch... vihāyeśvarārpaṇabuddhyā yuddhakarma karoṣi cet pāpaṃ nāvāpsyasi | kiṃ tu svadharmānuṣṭhānataḥ śuddhāntaḥkaraṇo bhūtvā jñānadvārā mokṣamavāpsyasīti bhāvaḥ |
pūrvoktopeyabhūtapratyakparaikyajñānayogamupasaṃharaṃstadupāyabhūtaṃ karmayogaṃ prastauti--

3.39

eṣeti | he pārtha ! brahmātmatattvaṃ samyak khyāyate prakāśyata iti saṃkhyā, pratyakparaikyaviṣayakavijñānaṃ sāṃkhyam; tasminsāṃkhye svājñānatatkāryanivartakapratyagabhinnabrahmāparokṣātmikaiṣā svajñānarūpiṇī buddhiḥ te tubhyam abhihitā ākhyātā | seyaṃ sāṃkhyabuddhiniṣṭhā svaphalaprāptau na karmayogabuddhimapekṣate | svājñānāgatasya mohasya svajñānaṃ vinā nivṛttyasaṃbhavāt dhrauvyāt ‘nānyaḥ panthā vidyate 'yanāya’ iti śruteḥ | tathā 'pi tava cittaśuddhyabhāvāt na sā buddhiḥ saphalā bhavati | tadbuddhipratibandhakamaśuddhacittatvamityarthaḥ | yata evamataḥ cittaśuddhyarthaṃ pūrvoktabuddhisādhanībhūte karmayoge phalecchātyāgapūrvakameśvarārādhanarūpāmimāṃ vakṣyamāṇalakṣaṇāṃ buddhiṃ śṛṇu | arjunaprarocanāya karmānuṣṭhānaviṣayāṃ buddhiṃ stauti-yayeti | yayā phalākāṅkṣāvikalayā parameśvarārpaṇakṛtanityakarmānuṣṭhānalakṣaṇayā buddhyā yuktaḥ san īśvaraprasādalabdhāparokṣajñānadvārā dharmādharmasaṃbandhaḥ karmabandhaḥ, taṃ karmabandhaṃ prahāsyasi | sāṃkhyabuddhiniṣṭho bhūtvā vimokṣyasa ityarthaḥ |
kṛṣyādivatkarmaṇāṃ vighnabāhulyenāniyataphalatvāt karmānuṣṭhānakarmabandhayoḥ virodhābhāvāt karmānuṣṭhānamakiṃcitkaramiti tatrāha—

3.40

neti | iha niṣkāmatayā 'nuṣṭhite karmayoge 'bhikramaḥ upakramaḥ, tasya nāśaḥ niṣphalatvaṃ nāsti, phalābhisaṃdhivikalatvāt | abhikramanāśābhāve 'pi kiṃcidvaiguṇyātpratyavāyaḥ syāditi tatrāha—na vidyata iti | kāmino viguṇaṃ karma phalopadhāyakaṃ na bhavatyeva | tadviparītasya phalābhisaṃdhivikalatvena svānuṣṭhite karmaṇi kiṃcidvaiguṇyapadaṃ gate 'pi pratyavāyātmako doṣo na vidyate | pratyavāyābhāve 'pi janmādibhayatrāṇaṃ kathaṃ syāditi tatrāha— trāyata iti | īśvaraprasādārthaṃ niṣkāmatayā 'nuṣṭhitasyāsya dharmasya svalpamapyupakramamātramapi cittaśuddhigamyajñānadvārā mahato bhayāt janmamṛtipradātkarmabandhāt trāyate rakṣatītyarthaḥ | kṛṣivāṇijyasthānīyakāmyakarmavadvaiguṇyānnaiṣphalyamasya na bhavati | niṣkāmakarmaṇāmupāttaduritakṣayadvārā cittaśuddhihetutvāt ‘ jñānamutpadyate puṃsāṃ kṣayātpāpasya karmaṇaḥ | yathā ''darśe svamātmānaṃ paśyatyātmānamātmani || ’ iti smṛtyanurodhena viśuddhacittasya jñānasaṃbhavāt jñānadvārā karmabandhaniṟāsakatvānnākiṃcitkarateti bhāvaḥ |
bhagavaduktabuddhidvayātiriktānāṃ buddhīnāṃ vidyamānatvātkathaṃ buddhidvayameva bhagavatopadiṣṭamiti tatrāha—

3.41

vyavasāyātmiketi | satkarma kurvantīti kuravaḥ; tadvaṃśe janitvā svayamapi satkarma kurvaṃsteṣāmānandakaratvāt he kurunandana ! iha śreyomārge kubuddhikalpitakāṇādādiśāstraprasiddhadvaitasiddhāntagocaraśākhāsthānīya - vṛttisahasrajuṣṭabuddhipaṭalagrāsātsarvavedāntasiddhaṃ pratyagabhinnaṃ brahmaivāsmīti vyavasāyātmikā buddhirekaiva | na ca sāṃkhyabuddhyatiriktayogabuddhisattvātkathamakaiveti vācyam, yogabuddhestadupāyatvāt | sāṃkhyabuddhyupāyabhūtaniṣkāmakarmānuṣṭhānasahakṛtabhagavadbhaktyaiva tariṣyāmīti vā niścayātmikā buddhirekaiva, upāyopeyayorekatvānnaikatvavyāghāta ityarthaḥ | evaṃ vyavasāyināṃ buddherekatvamuktvā tadviparītānāmavyavasāyināṃ buddheranekatvaṃ prapañcayati-bahuśākhā iti | kāmināmavyavasāyināṃ yā viparītā buddhayaḥ tāsāṃ bahuśākhāsthānīyavṛttipaṭalabhedapracāravaśāttadvijṛmbhitaḥ saṃsāro 'nanto 'nuparato bhavati | punaḥ pūrvoktavyavasāyātmakabuddhyā 'nantabhedabuddhikalpitaḥ saṃsāro 'pyuparamate | vṛkṣavadbuddheḥ kuto bahuśākhatvamiti cet; ekaikāṃ buddhiṃ prati śākhābhedo 'vāntaravṛttiviśeṣaḥ | tā imā buddhayo bahuśākhāsthānīyā vṛttayo yāsāṃ tāḥ | bahuśākhāśca pratiśākhābhedenānantāśca bhavanti | kāmibuddhīnāṃ śākhābhedenānantyadyotako hiśabdaḥ | samyagjñānamantareṇa nivṛttirāhityaṃ buddherānantyaṃ samyagjñāne satyantavattvādityarthaḥ |
avyavasāyigocarabuddhipaṭalasakāśātsāṃkhyayogabuddhiḥ prāmāṇikī cedvyavasāyino 'pi svādhiṣṭheyāṃ buddhiṃ vihāya tāmeva kimiti na bhajantīti tatrāha-

3.42

yāmiti| he pārtha! avipaścito 'vyavasāyinaḥ kāminaḥ 'akṣayyaṃ ha vai cāturmāsyayājinaḥ sukṛtaṃ bhavati', 'apāma somamamṛtā abhūma' ityādibahvarthavādaphalasādhanaprakāśakavedavādaratā bhūtvā svargādisukhātparamīśvara sākṣātkārasukhaṃ nāstīti vadanaśīlāḥ santo yāṃ puṣpitāṃ niṣphalapuṣpasahitakiṃśukavṛkṣavadāpātaramaṇīyāmimāṃ vakṣyamāṇalakṣaṇāṃ karmakāṇḍātmikāṃ vācaṃ pravadanti, teṣāmavyavasāyināṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhirna vidhīyata ityuttareṇānvayaḥ |
ke te 'vyavasāyinaḥ iti tatrāha—

3.43

kāmātmāna iti | svargapaśuvittādiviṣayakaḥ kāmo 'bhilāṣa ātmā svabhāvo yeṣāṃ te kāmātmānaḥ | tṛtīyapuruṣārthāvṛtadṛṣṭitvātsvarga eva paraḥ paramapuruṣārthaḥ yeṣāṃ te svargaparāḥ | kṛtsnavedavedāntatātparyavikalatvāt bhogaḥ srakcandanādiḥ, aiśvaryaṃ rājyadhanapaśuputrādi, bhogaścaiśvaryaṃ ca bhogaiśvarye, tayoḥ prāptireva gatiḥ, tāṃ bhogaiśvaryagatiṃ prati | karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ karmaphalam, janmaiva karmaphalaṃ tatpradadātīti janmakarmaphalapradā, tām | ata eva yāgadānahomātmakakriyāṇāṃ viśeṣāḥ svargapaśuputrādisādhanībhūtā jyotiṣṭomādayaḥ bāhulyena yayā vācā prakāśyante sā kriyāviśeṣabahulā, tāṃ vācaṃ ye kāmātmānaḥ svargaparā mūḍhā vadanti, teṣāṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ svapne 'pi nāstītyarthaḥ |
keṣāṃ punaḥ vyavasāyātmikā buddhirnāstīti, ucyate—

3.44

bhogeti | tayā kriyāviśeṣabahulayā vācā apahṛtaṃ kabalitaṃ ceto yeṣāṃ teṣāṃ vedavādāvṛtaprajñatvāt | ihāmutra ca bhoktavyabhogaiśvaryahetvavikalasādhanānuṣṭhānenāpi bhoktavyo bhoga aiśvaryaṃ ceti bhogaiśvaryayoreva prasaktānāṃ tatpraṇayavatāmavyavasāyitvena puruṣādhamānāṃ niṣkāmakarmayogopeyabhūte sāṃkhye tadupāyabhūte niṣkāmakarmayoge vā pratyagabhinnabrahmagocaratvena vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ samādhīyate asminsarvamiti samādhiḥ antaḥkaraṇam, tasmin samādhau na vidhīyate nopalabhyata ityarthaḥ |
svargādeḥ paramapuruṣārthatvābhāve svargasādhanībhūtāni karmāṇi kimiti vedaiḥ vidhīyanta iti tatrāha —

3.45

traiguṇyeti | he arjuna ! puṇyapāpamiśrakarmatatphalahetūnāṃ sattvādayastrayo guṇā eva traiguṇyamādyantavatsaṃsāra eva viṣayo yeṣāṃ vedānāṃ te traiguṇyaviṣayāḥ kāmiviṣayāḥ karmakāṇḍabhāgā vedāḥ, puṇyapāpatanmiśrakarmatatphalaprakāśakatvāt | tadanurodhena phalārthināṃ kāmināṃ tattatkāmocitakarmānuṣṭhānadvārā tatphalabhūtasya jananamaraṇatmakasya saṃsārasya dhrauvyāt , teṣāṃ vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ viralatāpadameva bhajedityarthaḥ | tarhi saṃsāranivartakavyavasāyātmakabuddhisiddhaye kiṃ kartavyamiti tatrāha-nistraiguṇyo bhaveti | nityasattvastho bhaveti vākyaśeṣavirodhaḥ syādityapekṣāyāṃ karmaphalaviṣayakakāmasaṃkalparāhityameva nistraiguṇyaśabdena vivakṣyate | manaḥsaṃkalpatatkāryakāmatatkāryakarmaṇāṃ traiguṇyaprabhavatvāt na guṇatrayātītatvaṃ yena vākyaśeṣavirodhaḥ syāt | parasparavirodhitvena vidyamānadvaṃdvākrāntasya karmaphalaviṣayakakāmasaṃkalpavaikalyalakṣaṇā nistraiguṇyatā kathamiti tatrāha — nirdvaṃdva iti | śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhādidvaṃdvaśūnyo bhava | tatra harṣaviṣādau mā kurvityarthaḥ | rajastamoguṇābhyāmākrāntavivekasya nirdvaṃdvatā kuta iti tatrāha — nityasattvastha iti | nityaṃ sarvadā rajastamoguṇasaṃbandhāspṛṣṭaviśuddhasattvaguṇāśrito bhava | yogakṣemāsaktacetaso nityasattvasthatā kathaṃ syādityata āha — niryogakṣema iti | aprāptaprāptiyogaḥ, prāptasya rakṣaṇaṃ kṣemaḥ, tayoḥ yogakṣemayoḥ vyāpṛtacitto mā bhavetyarthaḥ | yogakṣemāsaktacetasaḥ śreyaḥpratibandhakatvānmithohetuhetumadbhāvānistraiguṇyādicaturvidhasādhanānāṃ pramādabāhulyāt kathamuktārthasiddhiriti tatrāha — ātmavāniti | parasparahetuhetumattvenokte nistraiguṇyādiparyāyacatuṣṭaye 'pramattatā khalvātmavattā, tadvānbhavetyarthaḥ | evamuktarītyā svadharmamanutiṣṭhatastava mumukṣoreṣa eva paramopadeśa iti bhāvaḥ |
evaṃ tvadvihitena paramopadeśena vedoktakarmaphale 'napekṣite yadi tadā ‘prakṣālanāddhi paṅkasya dūrādasparśanaṃ varam’ iti nyāyānurodhena karmaṇāṃ niṣphalātmakatvenākiṃcitkaratvāttāni buddhimatā na kartavyānyeveti tatrāha—

3.46

yāvāniti | udakaṃ pīyate 'sminniti udapānaṃ vāpīkūprādi ; tasminnudapāne svalpodake | ekatra snānapānāderasaṃbhavāttatra tatra pariśramaṇenaikatra snānamekatra pānamanyatrānyaditi vibhāgaśo yāvān snānapānādirūpo 'rthaḥ prayojanaṃ bhavati ; tāvān sarvo 'pyarthaḥ snānapānādirekatra śuddhodasamudre yathā 'ntarbhavati, paricchinnodakānāmaparicchinnodakāntarbhāvāt ; tathā sarveṣu vedeṣu vedoktakarmasu yāvānsvargapaśuputrasaṃbandhaprayuktaḥ sukhaviśeṣo bhavati, tāvānbrahmātmakatvena vijānato brāhmaṇasya sarvakarmasaṃnyāsalakṣaṇabrahmaniṣṭhāmārūḍhasya sukhe 'ntarbhavati | paricchinnānandānāmaparicchinnānandāntarbhūtatvāt 'sarvaṃ tadabhisameti yatkiṃcit prajāḥ sādhu kurvanti1', 'etasyaivānandasyānyāni bhūtāni mātrāmupajīvanti2', 'sarvaṃ karmākhilaṃ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate' ityādiśrutismṛtibhyaḥ īśvarārādhanalakṣaṇaniṣkāmakarmaṇāmaparicchinnānandaprāptāvupāyatvātpratyagabhinnabrahmaniṣṭhāyāḥ prākkarmaṇyadhikṛtena puruṣeṇa tanniṣṭhā''rohāya kūpataṭākādisthānīyamapi karma kartavyatvapramāṇāt nākiṃcitkaramiti bhāvaḥ |
cittaśuddhidvārā jñānasādhanaṃ karma vinā tadupaiyabhūtapratyagabhinnabrahmajñānamevopadeṣṭavyam, tasmai madīyaṃ manaḥ spṛhayatīti tatrāha—

3.47

karmaṇīti | prathamapādenāviditaparamārthatattvasya karmaṇyadhikāraṃ sthāpayati—karmaṇīti | te tava nityādikarmaṇyevādhikāraḥ | avadhāraṇato jñānaniṣṭhāyāmadhikārābhāvo dyotyate | karma kurvatastatphalaspṛhā syādityapekṣāyāṃ dvitīyapādena tatkarmaphalakāmanāṃ nirākaroti--meti | parameśvarārādhanabuddhyā karma kurvataḥ tava kadācana kadācidapi karmānuṣṭhānātprāk tatkāle tadanantaramapi śrutismṛtyuktasvāśramocitadehendriyaceṣṭārūpakarmaṇāṃ phalgutayā līyanta iti phalāni teṣvadhikāro 'bhilāṣo mā 'stu | karmaphalābhilāṣasya bandhahetutvāt ; yathā bhojane kṛte tatphalabhūtā tṛptiḥ syāt , tathā karmaṇi kṛte tatphalaṃ syādevetyatra tṛtīyapādena tatphalaprāptivibhramaṃ mārjayati—meti |
bhojanaṃ vinā prāṇadhāraṇāsaṃbhavātprāṇadhāraṇasyāpi jñānahetutvena tadarthaṃ bhojanaṃ vihitam | tanna tṛptyartham , tenaiva tṛptasya viṣayavyāpāroparatirna syāt | yata evamato jñānasādhanībhūtadehadhāraṇārthameva bhojanam | karmaphalaspṛhā'bhāve 'pi prāṇadhāraṇasya saṃbhavāt , karmaphalaṃ janma, taddhetuḥ atasmin tadbhāvaḥ yadā te karmaphalasaṅgaḥ syāt tadā karmaphalaprāpakājñānāvṛto bhavasi | kāmyakarmaṇāṃ janmahetutvāt mā karmaphalaheturbhūḥ karmaphalatṛṣṇāhaitvajñānāvṛto mā bhavetyarthaḥ | kariṣyamāṇasya karmaṇaḥ phalābhāve tadakaraṇameva śreyaḥ syādityapekṣāyāṃ caturthapādena tadkaraṇe doṣaṃ prakaṭayati — meti | niṣphalātmakāni karmāṇīti mohavaśādakarmaṇi karmākaraṇe saṅgaḥ prītiḥ yatno mā 'stu | cittaśuddhayarthamanuṣṭhitānāṃ niṣkāmakarmaṇāṃ jñānadvārā muktihetutvāttadakaraṇe pratyavāyaśravaṇāditi bhāvaḥ |
yata evamato vakṣyamāṇopāyamavaṣṭabhya kleśātmakānyapi karmāṇi vihitatvātkartavyānītyāha —

3.48

yogastha iti | he dhanaṃjaya ! yogaḥ parameśvaraniṣṭhā, tatra sthitaḥ san svāśramocitavedoktakarmāṇi kuru nirvartayetyarthaḥ | tatra saṅgaṃ kartṛkārakakriyāphalābhiniveśam īśvarastvanena karmaṇā tuṣyatviti vā saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karma kāryamityarthaḥ | kīdṛśo bhūtvā tatkāryamiti tatrāha — sama iti | kayoriti tatrāha — siddhayasiddhayoriti | parameśvarārādhanalakṣaṇaniṣkāmakarmānuṣṭhānataḥ cittaśuddhidvārā jñānaprāptilakṣaṇā siddhiḥ, tadviparyayotthā 'siddhiḥ, tayoḥ siddhayasiddhayoḥ samo bhūtvā vedoktakarmāṇi kurvityarthaḥ | ko 'sau yogastatrāha — samatvamiti | jñānaprāptyaprāptyoḥ samatvaṃ harṣaviṣādarāhityameva yoga ucyate |
samatvabuddhiyuktasya karmaṇaḥ cittaśuddhihetutvena varatvaṃ tadviparītasya karmaṇaḥ tadabhāvādavaratvamāha—

3.49

dūreṇeti| he dhanaṃjaya! siddhyasiddhisamatvabuddhiyuktātkarmaṇaḥ karmaphalārthibhiḥ kriyamāṇaṃ kāmyaṃ karma dūreṇātyantaṃ nikṛṣṭatvādavaraṃ hi? yata evamato yogabuddhau tadupayesāṃkhyabuddhau tadgocaratvena sarvaśaraṇye parameśvare vā abhayaprāptikāraṇaṃ śaraṇamanviccha| yasmādavaraṃ kāmyaṃ karma kurvāṇāḥ kāminaḥ paramapuruṣātharvikalā bhavanti phalahetvajñānāvṛtadṛṣṭitvāt, tasmāt phalahetavaḥ kṛpaṇā bhavanti, ‘yo vā etadakṣaraṃ gārgyaviditvā 'smāllokātpraiti sa kṛpaṇaḥ¹’ iti śruteḥ|
samatvabuddhiyogamavaṣṭabhya svadharmamanutiṣṭhataḥ. puṇyapāpāsparśanasāṃkhyapadārohāya tadupāyasya karmaṇo 'vaśyakartavyatāṃ draḍhayati—

3.50

buddhīti| siddhyasiddhayoḥ samatvabuddhiyukto yogī suṣṭhu kṛtaṃ karma sukṛtaṃ svargādiprāpakatvāt, duṣṭaṃ kṛtaṃ duṣkṛtaṃ nirayaprāpakatvāt; tayorapi mumukṣorbandhahetutvena te ubhe sukṛtaduṣkṛte parameśvaraprasādalabdhajñānādihaiva janmani jahāti tyajati| yasmādevaṃprabhāvavān samatvabuddhiyogo bhavati| tasmāt svabandhahetusukṛtaduṣkṛtaprahāṇāya samatvabuddhiyogāya yujyasva| yataḥ siddhya-
siddhyoḥ samatvabuddhiyogaḥ karmasu dharmādharmākhyeṣu kauśalam, svato bandhahetūnāmapi karmaṇāmīśvarārādhanalakṣaṇaniṣkāmapravṛttito mokṣaprāpakasāmarthyaṃ viparītabuddhinivartakatvāt | ataḥ sadā yogayukto bhavetyarthaḥ |
pūrvaślokacaturthapādoktārthāviṣkaraṇāya karmaṇo mokṣasādhanatvaṃ viśinaṣṭi—

3.51

karmajamiti | buddhiḥ samatvabuddhiḥ ; tayā yuktāḥ sarvasāmyabrahmabhāvārūḍhā manastadvṛttitateḥ prerakatvāt manīṣā buddhiḥ jñānaṃ yeṣāṃ te manīṣiṇaḥ jñānina ityarthaḥ | janmaiva bandhaḥ, tena vimuktā dehādāvātmatvātmīyatvābhimānavikalā jīvanmuktāḥ santaḥ | karmabhyo jātaṃ karmajaṃ phalgutvena līyata iti phalaṃ devatiryagādiśarīraprāptilakṣaṇaṃ niṣkāmakarmānuṣṭhānataḥ prāptacittaśuddhilabdhajñānabalena tyaktvā anāmayaṃ nirupadravaṃ jīvanmuktapūgaiḥ padyate gamyata iti padaṃ videhakaivalyaṃ nirāyāsā gacchanti | virūpasarvābhimānavilayalakṣaṇavidehamuktibhājo bhavantīti hiśabdārthaḥ |
kadā tatpadaprāptisādhanaṃ bhavatītyapekṣāyāmāha— yadeti dvābhyām |

3.52

yadeti | yadā yasminkāle jñānaparipākavataḥ te tava buddhirantaḥkaraṇaṃ dehendriyādāvahaṃmamābhimānarūpaṃ mohakalilamatasmiṃstadbhāvārūḍhamūlaṃ
kāluṣyaṃ vyatitariṣyati atikramiṣyati, kāmādivṛttikalitā dhīrna bhaviṣyatītyarthaḥ | tadā tasminkāle adhyātmaśāstrātiriktasya śrotavyasya śrutasya ca nirvedaṃ vairāgyaṃ gantāsi | tayoranupādeyatvena tadvyavasāyaṃ na kariṣyasītyarthaḥ |
atadbhāvavirāgataḥ tadbhāvaḥ kadā me bhaviṣyatīti tatrāha—

3.53

śrutīti | vaidikalaukikānukūlānekasādhyasādhanapravṛttinivṛttiprakāśakaśrutibhiḥ vedavākyaśravaṇaiḥ purā vipratipannā vikṣiptā buddhiḥ te tava yadā yasminkāle vikṣepadvayavikalatvāt niścalā saṃśayaviparyāsahetukāmasaṃkalparahitatvādacalā satī, samādhīyate 'smin svājñānatatkāryajātamiti samādhirantaḥkaraṇam, tadbhāvābhāvaprakāśakaḥ pratyagātmā vā ; tasminsamādhau sthāsyati sthirībhūtā bhaviṣyati, tadā tasminkāle vivekavairāgyasatkṛtaniṣkāmakarmayogaprāpyaṃ sāṃkhyayogaṃ tatphalabhūtaṃ pratyakparacitoryogaṃ vā avāpsyasi |
pūrvaśloke bhagavaduktapraśnabījāvaṣṭambhataḥ tattvajñalakṣaṇaṃ jijñāsurarjuna uvāca—

3.54

sthitaprajñasyeti | he keśava ! kabalīkṛtabāhyāntarvidyotavikalpapūge samādhau tiṣṭhatīti samādhisthaḥ tasya, ahameva brahma brahmaivāhamiti pratyagabhinne brahmaṇi sthitā 'khaṇḍākāravṛttilakṣaṇā prajñā yasya tasya sthitaprajñasya apratibaddhāparokṣajñānaniṣṭhasya | bhāṣyate 'nayeti bhāṣā kā ? kiṃ vacanam ? kathamasau jñānī paraiḥ bhāṣyate ? kena lakṣaṇenāyaṃ sthitaprajña ityucyata ityarthaḥ | śrutyācāryaprasādataḥ saṃprāptadṛḍhāparokṣajñānatvāt brahmātmani sthitadhīḥ tadbhāvārūḍhabuddhiḥ kiṃ prabhāṣeta ? kiṃ vadet ? kimāsīta kena lakṣaṇenāyaṃ varteta ? kiṃ vrajeta ? kena prakāreṇa gacchati ? āsanaṃ vrajanaṃ vā kathamityarthaḥ |
arjunapraśnānurodhena siddhasādhakalakṣaṇaṃ tatsādhanāni ca prajahātītyārabhya yāvadadhyāyaparisamāpti vadan prathamapraśnottaramādau śrībhagavānuvāca - prajahātīti dvābhyām |

3.55

prajahātīti | he pārtha ! paramasukhasvarūpe paramātmanyevātmanā pratyagrūpeṇa svenaiva bāhyalābhanirapekṣatayā tuṣṭaḥ pratyagānandābhinnaparamānandarasalābhataḥ sarvatrālaṃpratyayavānātmārāmo muniḥ yadā yasminkāle svāntarbāhyavibhāgahetuvṛttidvayapariṇate manasi gatānmanogatān sarvān kāmānantarbahirvilasitanānāvidhābhilāṣānprakarṣeṇa jahāti parityajati, tadā tattyāgakāle yathoktalakṣaṇe brahmaṇi sthitā prajñā akhaṇḍākārā vṛttiryasya saṃnyāsinaḥ so 'yaṃ sthitaprajña ityucyate | 'te devāḥ putraiṣaṇāyāśca vittaiṣaṇāyāśca lokaiṣaṇāyāśca sasādhanābhyo vyutthāya nirāgārā niṣparigrahā aśikhā ayajñopavītā andhā badhirā mugdhāḥ klībā mūkā unmattā iva parivartamānāḥ śāntā dāntā uparatāstitikṣavaḥ samāhitā ātmarataya ātmakrīḍā ātmamithunā ātmānandāḥ praṇavameva paraṃ brahmātmaprakāśaṃ śūnyaṃ jānantastatraiva parisamāptāḥ¹' ityādiśruteḥ |
evaṃbhāvāpannasya sthitaprajñasyāpi kadācitsamādhito vyutthānasamaye sukhaduḥkharāgadveṣabhayakrodhādivṛttisaṃbhavāttena tadānīmasthitaprajñatvāt sthitaprajñatā kathamiti tatrāha—

3.56

duḥkheṣviti | samādhitaḥ kādācitkavyutthānasamaye 'pi yadṛcchayā samāgateṣvādhyātmikādiduḥkheṣvanudvignamakṣubhitaṃ mano yasya so 'nudvignamanāḥ ; duḥkhe prāpte balānnigṛhyānudvignacitto bhavatu, sukheṣu tu spṛhā anivāryeti tatrāha -- sukheṣu vigataspṛha iti | yadṛcchāsaṃprāptaviṣayajaniteṣu sukheṣvapi vigatā spṛhā tṛṣṇā yasya so 'yaṃ vigataspṛhaḥ ; sukhaduḥkhaviṣayakaspṛhā'bhāve 'pi rāgabhayakrodhānāmanivāryatvātkathamuktalakṣaṇā siddhiriti tatrāha-- vītarāgabhayakrodha iti | viṣayābhilāṣo rāgaśca dvaitadarśanajaṃ bhayaṃ ca kāmāpūraṇasaṃjātaḥ krodhaśca rāgabhayakrodhāḥ vītā yasmāt so 'yaṃ vītarāgabhayakrodhaḥ ; pratyagabhinnabrahmātirekeṇa viṣayābhāvāt na rāgaprasaktiḥ | svasyaivādvaitatvānna bhayāvakāśaḥ | tathā ca nityaśāntisvarūpatvāt na krodhaprasaṅgaḥ | duḥkhasukharāgabhayakrodhādyaspṛṣṭabrahmātmasvarūpamananānmuniḥ saṃnyāsī prātibhāsikasukhaduḥkhādivṛttau prādu-
bhūtāyāmapi sāmānyajanavattadvaśamaprāpya brahmaṇyeva sthitā tadbhāvāpannā dhīḥ yasya so 'yaṃ sarvadā sthitadhīḥ sthitaprajña ityucyate |
viduṣo 'viduṣa iva śubhāśubhaprāptyutthaharṣaviṣādayorvarjanīyatvātsthitaprajñatā kathamityatra 'sthitadhīḥ kiṃ prabhāṣeta' iti dvitīyapraśnottaracchalena tacchaṅkāṃ śithilayati-ya iti tribhiḥ |

3.57

ya iti | uktalakṣaṇo yo muniḥ sarvatra svadehendriyatatsaṃbandhiśiṣyapraśiṣyavargeṣu taditareṣu bhakteṣvapi pareṣvivāhaṃmamābhimānavikalatvādanabhisnehaḥ san, ihāmutra ca śobhanahetuḥ śubhaṃ tadviparītamaśubham ; svasyānukūlaṃ śubhaṃ pratikūlamaśubhaṃ ca prāpyāpi śubhalābhato nābhinandati na praśaṃsati, aśubhalābhato na dveṣṭi na nindati; kiṃ tu kevalamudāsīna eva bhāṣate avidvadvilakṣaṇatvāt, tasya muneḥ prajñā brahmaṇi pratiṣṭhitā | sadā tadbhāvāpannetyarthaḥ |
muktasyaivaṃ sthitaprajñatā 'stu, indriyairindriyārthānmajato mumukṣoḥ sthitaprajñapadaprāptiḥ kathamiti tatrāha-

3.58

yadeti | yathā kūrmaḥ kamaṭhaḥ sarvaśaḥ sarvato bhayāt svānyaṅgāni karacaraṇādīnyupasaṃharate, tathā yo 'yaṃ mumukṣuḥ jñānakarmendriyāṇāṃ tattadindriyārthebhyo vimukhatāyāḥ sthitaprajñatāhetutvāt tadviparyaye tadviparyayaḥ syāt iti bhiyā yadā yasmin kāle, ‘nindāyā lokavārttāyāḥ śabdāderātmavismṛteḥ | kvacinnāvasaraṃ dattvā cintayātmānamātmani ||’ ityādiśrutyanurodhena jñānakarmendriyāṇi tadarthebhyaḥ śabdādiviṣayebhyaḥ saṃharate | tannigrahābhyāsabalādyāvadyāvadindriyāṇāmindriyārthebhya uparatirbhavati, tāvattāvattasya prajñā brahmaṇi pratiṣṭhitā bhavet, niḥśeṣaṃ tata uparame sati tadā tasmin kāle tasya yoginaḥ prajñā niraṅkuśaṃ brahmātmani pratiṣṭhitetyarthaḥ | yata evamato mumukṣuṇā svasvarūpāvasthānalakṣaṇakaivalyahetusthitaprajñatālābhāya sarvadendriyārthebhya indriyāṇi vimukhīkartavyānyeva | atha sthitaprajñatāyāṃ siddhāyāmindriyendriyārthataterapi brahmātmāvyatirekitvena tāni svayameva nivartanta ityarthaḥ |
indriyairindriyārthāpravṛttiḥ sthitaprajñasya lakṣaṇamiti yaduktaṃ tadvyabhicāri, rogiṇāṃ jaḍānāmāturāṇāmupavāsināṃ cendriyairindriyārthāpravṛtteraviśeṣāditi tatrāha—

3.59

viṣayā iti | indriyairindriyārthagrahaṇamāhāraḥ, tadvikalasya nirāhārasya indriyairindriyārthagrahaṇāśaktasya dehino dehābhimānino 'jñasya rogiṇo jaḍasya kāryāntarātturasyālābhato niyamato vā 'naśnato jñānaśūnyatvena kleśātmakatapoyogāvaṣṭambhena kevalamaunamupeyuṣo vā puruṣasya viṣayeṣu rāgo raso madhurādivilakṣaṇatvāt rañjanātmako rasaḥ svepsitaviṣayābhilāṣaḥ | rasavarjaṃ viṣayaspṛhāṃ vinā viṣayāḥ viṣayopalakṣitāni indriyāṇi svārthebhyo vinivartante | viṣayagrahaṇaśaktito viṣayānubhave nivṛtte 'pi viṣayatṛṣṇā na nivartata ityabhiprāyaḥ | tarhi rasaḥ kenopāyena nivartata iti tatrāha — paramiti | avidyādvayatatkāryātparaṃ brahmāhamasmīti dṛṣṭvā sākṣātkṛtya sthitasya sthitaprajñasyāsya raso viṣayecchā 'pi nivartate | yataḥ samyagjñānamantareṇa na rasocchedaḥ syāt, ato nirbījabrahmāparokṣāyendriyairindriyārthagrahaṇapūrvakaṃ sthitaprajñatā saṃpādanīyā | na ca samyagjñānamantareṇa rāgānivṛtte rāgiṇastāvatsamyagjñānānutpattestayoritaretarāśrayatā syāditi vācyam, rāgasthūlasūkṣmabījāṃśānāṃ jñānavijñānasamyagjñānanāśyatvāt | parameśvarārādhanalakṣaṇaniṣkāmakarmānuṣṭhānajanitacittaśuddherīṣadrāgābhibhavo bhavati | tato vedāntaśravaṇādau śraddhā jāyate | tataḥ sādhanacatuṣṭayasaṃpanno bhūtvā vedāntaśravaṇetaravyāpārasaṃnyāsapūrvakaṃ vedāntaśravaṇaṃ karoti | tataḥ śrutyācāryaprasādena kevalaśāstrārthajñānamudeti | tāvanmātreṇa rāgasthūlośo vilīyate | tena śrutyācāryaprasādalabdhaṃ jñānamanubhavārūḍhaṃ sadvijñānapadaṃ bhajati | tena rāgasūkṣmabhāgo vilīyate | tataḥ pūrvoktaṃ vijñānaṃ saṃśayaviparyāsavirūpavilayapūrvakaṃ pratyagabhinnabrahmacaramasākṣātkāratāmetya samyagjñānatāpadaṃ bhajati | tena rāgabījabhāgo 'pi niḥśeṣaṃ vilīyate | ata evāha bhagavān ‘raso 'pyasya paraṃ dṛṣṭvā nivartate’ iti | yata evamataḥ samyagjñānato rāganivṛtterna tayoritaretarāśrayatotthadoṣāvakāśaḥ syādityarthaḥ |
evaṃ samyagjñānena rāganivṛttitaḥ sthitaprajñatāyāṃ satyāṃ svārthebhya indriyāṇi svayameva nivartante ; kiṃ bahulatarāyāsasādhyenendriyanigraheṇetyapekṣāyāṃ samyagjñānavatāṃ svavyatirekeṇendriyendriyārthatatpravṛttinivṛttitannigrahādivyāpārābhāvapramāṇātteṣāmindriyāṇi svayameva nivartantāṃ nāma | tadviparītānāṃ sādhakāvasthā''rūḍhatvena samyagjñānaprāptyapratyagabhinnabrahmaṇi prajñā''rohāyāpramattatayā bahulataraprayatnenāpi svārthebhya indriyanigrahaḥ kartavya eveti pratipādayituṃ kimāsīteti tṛtīyapraśnasyottaramāha—yatata iti dvābhyām |

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