Bhagavadgita 16: XVI. atha ṣoḍaśodhyāyaḥ.
Vulgate (700 verses) 16
- Language
- Sanskrit
XVI. atha ṣoḍaśodhyāyaḥ.
16.1
(daivāsurasaṃpadvibhāgayogaḥ)
śrībhagavān uvāca
abhayaṃ sattvasaṃśuddhir jñānayogavyavasthitiḥ
dānaṃ damaś ca yajñaś ca svādhyāyas tapa ārjavam
The Blessed Lord said:
Fearlessness, purity of heart, steadfastness in knowledge and Yoga; almsgiving, control of the senses, Yajna, reading of the Shâstras, austerity, uprightness;
16.2
ahiṃsā satyam akrodhas tyāgaḥ śāntir apaiśunam
dayā bhūteṣv aloluptvaṃ mārdavaṃ hrīr acāpalam
Non-injury, truth, absence of anger, renunciation, tranquillity, absence of calumny, compassion to beings, un-covetousness, gentleness, modesty, absence of fickleness;
16.3
tejaḥ kṣamā dhṛtiḥ śaucam adroho nātimānitā
bhavanti saṃpadaṃ daivīm abhijātasya bhārata
Boldness, forgiveness, fortitude, purity, absence of hatred, absence of pride; these belong to one born for a divine state, O descendant of Bharata.
16.4
dambho darpobhimānaś ca krodhaḥ pāruṣyam eva ca
ajñānaṃ cābhijātasya pārtha saṃpadam āsurīm
Ostentation, arrogance and self-conceit, anger as also harshness and ignorance, belong to one who is born, O Pârtha, for an Asurika state.
16.5
daivī saṃpad vimokṣāya nibandhāyāsurī matā
mā śucaḥ saṃpadaṃ daivīm abhijātosi pāṇḍava
The divine state is deemed to make for liberation, the Asurika for bondage; grieve not, O Pândava, thou art born for a divine state.
16.6
dvau bhūtasargau lokesmin daiva āsura eva ca
daivo vistaraśaḥ prokta āsuraṃ pārtha me śṛṇu
There are two types of beings in this world, the divine and the Asurika. The divine have been described at length; hear from Me, O Pârtha, of the Asurika.
16.7
pravṛttiṃ ca nivṛttiṃ ca janā na vidur āsurāḥ
na śaucaṃ nāpi cācāro na satyaṃ teṣu vidyate
The persons of Asurika nature know not what to do and what to refrain from; neither is purity found in them nor good conduct, nor truth.
16.8
asatyam apratiṣṭhaṃ te jagad āhur anīśvaram
aparasparasaṃbhūtaṃ kim anyat kāmahaitukam
They say, "The universe is without truth, without a (moral) basis, without a God, brought about by mutual union, with lust for its cause; what else?"
16.9
etāṃ dṛṣṭim avaṣṭabhya naṣṭātmānolpabuddhayaḥ
prabhavanty ugrakarmāṇaḥ kṣayāya jagatohitāḥ
Holding this view, these ruined souls of small intellect and fierce deeds, rise as the enemies of the world for its destruction.
16.10
kāmam āśritya duṣpūraṃ dambhamānamadānvitāḥ
mohād gṛhītvāsadgrāhān pravartanteśucivratāḥ
Filled with insatiable desires, full of hypocrisy, pride and arrogance, holding evil ideas through delusion, they work with impure resolve.
16.11
cintām aparimeyāṃ ca pralayāntām upāśritāḥ
kāmopabhogaparamā etāvad iti niścitāḥ
Beset with immense cares ending only with death, regarding gratification of lust as the highest, and feeling sure that that is all;
16.12
āśāpāśaśatair baddhāḥ kāmakrodhaparāyaṇāḥ
īhante kāmabhogārtham anyāyenārthasaṃcayān
Bound by a hundred ties of hope, given over to lust and wrath, they strive to secure by unjust means hoards of wealth for sensual enjoyment.
16.13
idam adya mayā labdham imaṃ prāpsye manoratham
idam astīdam api me bhaviṣyati punar dhanam
"This to-day has been gained by me; this desire I shall obtain; this is mine, and this wealth also shall be mine in future.
16.14
asau mayā hataḥ śatrur haniṣye cāparān api
īśvaro.aham ahaṃ bhogī siddhohaṃ balavān sukhī
"That enemy has been slain by me, and others also shall I slay. I am the lord, I enjoy, I am successful, powerful and happy.
16.15
āḍhyobhijanavān asmi konyosti sadṛśo mayā
yakṣye dāsyāmi modiṣya ity ajñānavimohitāḥ
"I am rich and well-born. Who else is equal to me? I will sacrifice, I will give, I will rejoice." Thus deluded by ignorance,
16.16
anekacittavibhrāntā mohajālasamāvṛtāḥ
prasaktāḥ kāmabhogeṣu patanti narakeśucau
Bewildered by many a fancy, covered by the meshes of delusion, addicted to the gratification of lust, they fall down into a foul hell.
16.17
ātmasaṃbhāvitāḥ stabdhā dhanamānamadānvitāḥ
yajante nāmayajñais te dambhenāvidhipūrvakam
Self-conceited, haughty, filled with the pride and intoxication of wealth, they perform sacrifices in name, out of ostentation, disregarding ordinance;
16.18
ahaṃkāraṃ balaṃ darpaṃ kāmaṃ krodhaṃ ca
saṃśritāḥ
mām ātmaparadeheṣu pradviṣantobhyasūyakāḥ
Possessed of egoism, power, insolence, lust and wrath, these malignant people hate Me (the Self within) in their own bodies and those of others.
16.19
tān ahaṃ dviṣataḥ krurān saṃsāreṣu narādhamān
kṣipāmy ajasram aśubhān āsurīṣv eva yoniṣu
These malicious and cruel evildoers, most degraded of men, I hurl perpetually into the wombs of Asuras only, in these worlds.
16.20
āsurīṃ yonim āpannā mūḍhā janmanijanmani
mām aprāpyaiva kaunteya tato yānty adhamāṃ gatim
Obtaining the Asurika wombs, and deluded birth after birth, not attaining to Me, they thus fall, O son of Kunti, into a still lower condition.
16.21
trividhaṃ narakasyedaṃ dvāraṃ nāśanam ātmanaḥ
kāmaḥ krodhas tathā lobhas tasmād etat trayaṃ
tyajet
Triple is this gate of hell, destructive of the self,—lust, anger and greed; therefore one should forsake these three.
16.22
etair vimuktaḥ kaunteya tamodvārais tribhir naraḥ
ācaraty ātmanaḥ śreyas tato yāti parāṃ gatim
The man who has got beyond these three gates of darkness, O son of Kunti, practises what is good for himself, and thus goes to the Goal Supreme.
16.23
yaḥ śāstravidhim utsṛjya vartate kāmakārataḥ
na sa siddhim avāpnoti na sukhaṃ na parāṃ gatim
He who, setting aside the ordinance of the Shâstra, acts under the impulse of desire, attains not to perfection, nor happiness, nor the Goal Supreme.
16.24
tasmāc chāstraṃ pramāṇaṃ te
kāryākāryavyavasthitau
jñātvā śāstravidhānoktaṃ karma kartum ihārhasi
So let the Shâstra be thy authority in ascertaining what ought to be done and what ought not to be done. Having known what is said in the ordinance of the Shâstra, thou shouldst act here.
The end of the Sixteenth Chapter designated: The Classification of the Divine and the Non-Divine Attributes.
Translations (3)
- Srimad-Bhagavad-Gita — Swami Swarupananda 1909, English
- The Bhagavadgîtâ (Sacred Books of the East, vol. 8) — Kashinath Trimbak Telang 1882, English
- The Song Celestial — Edwin Arnold 1885, English
Commentaries (14)
- Bhagavadgītābhāṣya (Śāṅkarabhāṣya) — Śaṅkara, Sanskrit
- Jñāneśvarī — Jñāneśvara, Marathi
- Gītābhāṣya (of Rāmānuja) — Rāmānuja, Sanskrit
- Subodhinī — Śrīdhara Svāmin, Sanskrit
- Bhagavadgītāvīraśaivabhāṣya — Sanskrit
- Gītārthasaṅgraha (of Abhinavagupta) — Abhinavagupta, Sanskrit
- Tattvaprakāśikā — Keśava Kāśmīrī, Sanskrit
- Gūḍhārthacandrikā — Vanamālī Miśra 1660, Sanskrit
- Arthaprakāśikā — Upaniṣadbrahmayogin 1715, Sanskrit
- Tātparyabodhinī — Śaṅkarānanda, Sanskrit
- Sārārthavarṣiṇī — Viśvanātha Cakravartin 1680, Sanskrit
- Gūḍhārthadīpikā — Madhusūdana Sarasvatī 1570, Sanskrit
- Bālabodhinī — G.S. Pathak 1825, Sanskrit
- Vaṃśī — Vaṃśīdhara 1675, Sanskrit
Other recensions (1)
- Critical edition (BORI, Bhīṣmaparvan 23–40) — Sanskrit
Linked texts (7)
- Critical edition (BORI) — Sanskrit
- Jīvanmuktiviveka — Mādhava, Sanskrit
- Mahāsubhāṣitasaṃgraha — Sanskrit
- Mahābhāratatātparyanirṇaya — Madhva, Sanskrit
- Viṣṇutattvanirṇaya — Madhva, Sanskrit
- Ajñānadhvāntacaṇḍabhāskara — Amareśvara Śāstrin 1825, Sanskrit
- Tattvānusaṃdhāna — Mahādeva Sarasvatī Vedāntin 1620, Sanskrit