Nyayasutra 1.13

1.13

utpannasya kāryasya tathābhāvaḥ-śabdādibhāvaḥ, tasya ca pakṣatvaṃ, tatra ca kāraṇasya hetorupapatteḥ, pramāṇānniścitaḥ saṃbandhaḥ | ato hetoḥ na vyāghātaḥ, bhāgāsiddhirūpaḥ pratiṣedha ityarthaḥ | śabdo hi pakṣaḥ, nacānutpattidaśāyāṃ śabdaḥ, bhāvānāṃ svaprāgabhāvasamānakālatvavirodhāt | nacānutpannaḥ śabdo, vinaṣṭaḥ śabda iti sāmānādhikaraṇyapratīteranutpannādivattatkālīnaśca śabdo'bhyupeyaḥ | na ca tadānīmanutpattirastīti bhāgāsiddhireva | asataḥ kathaṃ dharmitvamiti cet, yadi nāsau dharmī kathamasannityucyate | asacchabdasyāsatsvabhāvadharmivācakatvāt | nābhāvo ghaṭadharmaḥ, kintu bhūtalādidharmaṃ iti cet, na, bhūtale ghaṭo'sti, nāsti ceti tulyāyāṃ pratītau sattvaṃ na bhūtaladharmo, asattvañca taddharmaṃ ityatra niyāmakābhāvāt | san ghaṭa itivat, asan ghaṭa iti pratīterasattvasya taddharmatvācca | asato ghaṭasya kathaṃ dharmayogaḥ [i] ti cet, 0 [sa] to [na] ? asattvādeveti cet, evaṃ tarhi hetusādhyayoḥ pakṣadharmatvāt svavākyavirodhaḥ | tatkimasadaśāyāmasti ghaṭo yena tadabhāvo dharmaḥ syāditi cet, astitā sattā, sā nābhyupeyata eva | abhyupagame vā kastasyā dharmī, tasmāt sadasaddaśāyāṃ sādhāraṇaḥ eka eva dharmī | ya eva nāsīt sa evāstīti pratyabhijñānāditi | astu tāvadevaṃ, tathāpi rūpādyapi tasyāṃ daśāyāmasattvamiva kiṃ nābhyupeyate | asattādaśāyāṃ pramāṇena tathānupalambhāditi tat sambandhasattvamupādhiriti cenna, śabdatvasaṃbandhe'pi tasyaivopādhitvāt | yo'sau śabdo nāsti sa śabdo na vā ? prathame śabdatvaṃ sambandhena sattvamupādhiḥ, antye ‘śabdo na śabdaḥ’ syāditi vyāghāta iti cenna, śabdaśabdayostādātmyāsambhavena tadapratīteḥ |
prasajya pratiṣedhe hi śabdābhāvo'śabdaḥ, paryudāse ca śabdādanyo | nacānayostādātmyamasti | tathāpi nāstyarthena saha viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvānupapattiḥ, asattvasya viśeṣaṇatvāt | na ca tadviśeṣaṇamaviśeṣitasyārthāpratīteriti cenna, svakālasta[svaprāgabhāva] syeva pratiyogino'sattvopalakṣaṇatvāt | upalakṣaṇāntarasyeva tasyāpi svajñānena vyāvṛttidhījanakatvāt | prāgabhāvapratiyoginorvirodhagrāhakamānena bādhāt | saviśeṣaṇe hīti nyāyācca |
idānīmanutpanno ghaṭaḥ, asanna ghaṭa ityādibyapadeśānāṃ viśeṣaṇamātragocaratvāt | ghaṭasyābhāva iti tadvivecanācca | tadidamaviṣayavṛttitvam, asiddhatvasya dūṣaṇatve'pyapakṣaviṣayatvāt | hetau ca yadā tadotpannasya patanādeḥ tathābhāvāddhetubhāvāt kāraṇotpapatteḥ na kāraṇasya pratiṣedhaḥ pakṣa iti śeṣaḥ | yo yadā kadācidapi patanavān sa yāvat sattvaṃ gururiti vyāpteḥ | tathā yo yadā kadācid gandhavān sa yāvat sattvaṃ rpārthiva iti vyāpteḥ | evaṃ yo yadā kadācit guṇavān sa yāvat sattvaṃ dravyamiti vyāpterityetadanuktapratipādanānukūlenaiva sūtrayojanā kartavyā | na tvādyakṣaṇamantarbhāvya sādhyatvaṃ, dṛṣṭāntatvaṃ vā | sādhye yuktāṅgahīnatvaṃ yadā tadotpannasya gandhādeḥ vyāpakatvaṃ, dṛṣṭānte yadā kadācid guṇavattvasya vyāpyatvamanapekṣya jātipravartanā 1 | tajjñāne utpannasyotpannajñānasya jñātasyeti yāvat | tathābhāvāt-pakṣabhāvāt, hetubhāvāt, dṛṣṭāntabhāvāditi | kāryantu jñātaṃ kāraṇopalakṣaṇam, ghaṭādijñānāt kāraṇatvagrahāt, na tu kāryaviśiṣṭasyaiva kāraṇatā | tvatpravṛtterapyanutpattau vyāghātāt |
[ saṃśayasamaprakaraṇam ]
saṃśayasya virodhinirūpyatvāt virodhasya cābhāvagarbhatvāt, abhāvaviṣayānutpattisamasya hetutvena tada[na]ntaraṃ saṃśayasamaprakaraṇāya sūtram—