Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 11.13

Nyāyabhāṣya (complete text) 11.13

Language: Sanskrit

11.13

||pariśuddhiḥ||
indriyaprakṛtitvaṃ bāhyendriyaprakṛtitvamiti ||

pravṛtterdoṣāpakarṣe manasa pravṛttyapakarṣe vakṣyate| buddhermano'pakarṣe coktam| viṣayanirūpaṇīyatvāccarthebhyo buddhedapakarṣaḥ| tato'rthalakṣaṇameva kramaprāptamityāha---kramaprāptamiti| sūtre vibhāgabhāgasyāpi vidyamānatvāt| śliṣṭaṃ tu śabdārthamāha---yeṣāmiti| yeṣām uktalakṣaṇayogasta hame vibhajyanta ityarthaḥ| yeṣāṃ mithyājñānaviṣayīkṛtānāṃ nimittānuvya*janasaṃjñāviṣayīkṛtānāṃ saṃsārahetutvaṃ ta hame lakṣyanta ityarthaḥ||

11.13.p3

tatra cādye pade vibhāgapare| tatastadarthā iti lakṣaṇapadaṃ cet, lakṣyapadaṃ nāsti| lakṣyapadaṃ cet, lakṣaṇaṃ nāsti ityata

11.13.p4

āha---atra ceti| arthānimittānuvya*janasaṃjñāviṣayatayā saṃsārahetava ityarthaḥ| ke te? ya indriyāṇāmarthā viṣayā ityarthaḥ| āgāmino vārttikasya bhāṣyeṇa virodhaṃ parijihīrṣurāha---na ṣaṣṭhīti| ghrāṇādayaḥ śabdā iti śeṣaḥ| vyadhikaraṇabahuvrīhau na kevalaṃ lakṣaṇābhāvaḥ prayojanābhāvaścetyāha---na ceti| tadarthā iti lakṣaṇamavyāpakaṃ syāditi| yadi vāyvādayaḥ paramārthato'rthā iti śeṣaḥ| ādigrahaṇena vāyvādisaṃgrahe lakṣaṇavibhāgayorvyāghāta ityarthaḥ||

11.13.p5

11.13.p6

acirasthāyinīti nirveda iti nimattasaṃjñayā saha aśubhasaṃjñeti| anuvya*janasaṃjñayāpi saha draṣṭavyeti||

11.13.p7

asti tāvadiha darśanasparśanābhyāmekārthānusandhānam| tadidamekaikaviṣayaṃ vā, samudāyaviṣayaṃ vā,

11.13.p8

tadatiriktavastuviṣayaṃ vā, vastvanurodhākāraviṣayaṃ vā, atīkaviṣayaṃ veti?

11.13.p9

na tāvadādyaḥ, na hi bhavati yadeva rūpaṃ sa eva sparśa iti| na ca rūpaṃ dvīndriyagrāhyam, andhasyāpi nīlapītādiprayatyayaprasaḍgāt| na caikameva vastu kāraṇabhedādanyathā prathata iti yuktam, anātmakatvaprasaḍgāt, bhedābhedavyavasthānupapatteśca||

11.13.p10

nāpi dvitīyaḥ, sa hyekadeśatayā vā, ekakālatayā vā, ekakāryatayā vā, ekakāraṇatayā veti| na tāvadupādānalakṣaṇaikadeśasaṃbhavaḥ, tayoḥ pratiniyatopādānāt| saṃbhave vā tadeva dravyamiti paryavasitaṃ vivādena| nāpyadhikaraṇībhūtabhūtalādyādhāratayā tatsaṃbhavaḥ| tathā hi cakṣuṣopalabhyamāne bhūtale rūpaviśeṣe ghaṭo'pi cakṣuṣaivopalabhyamāno rūpaviśeṣastadādhāra iti śakyate niścetum, tayoradharottarabhāvena ekajñānasaṃsargitvāt| tadadhikaraṇāḥ sparśādayo'pīti tu kasya pramāṇasya viṣayaḥ? na hi sparśādayaścākṣuṣe cetasi cakāsati, tvaco'yaṃ vyāpāra ityapi na yuktam, tayāpi bhūtale ghaṭasparśayorevādhārādheyabhāvapratīteḥ| na ca samudāyayorevādhārādheyabhāvānubhavaḥ, parasparāśrayaprasaḍgāt ekādhāratayā samudāyānusandhānam, tadanusandhāne caikādhāratānubhava iti| anavasthāprasaḍgācca, bhūlatasyāpi hi samudāyatvaṃ kiṃkṛtamityanuyogānivṛtteḥ| ataeva naikakālatayāpi, tayorekakālatāyāṃ pramāṇābhāvāt| bhāve vā rāsabhakarabhayorapyekakālatayā samudāyatvaprasaḍgāt| bhedāgrahastvatrāsaṃbhāvita eva| ataeva naikakāryatayāpi upadeyalakṣaṇasyaikasya kāryasyābhāvāt| ataevaikodakāraṇakriyetyādyapi na yuktam, rūpādyatiriktasyodakasyānabhyupagamāt| ekaikasyānekāhāryatve pramāṇābhāvāt, samudāyasya cāsiddheḥ| ataeva naikakāraṇatayāpi, nimittamantareṇa samudāyavyavahāre'tiprasaḍgāt||

11.13.p11

tṛtīye tu na vivādaḥ||

11.13.p12

nāpi caturthaḥ| sa hi vijñānanayamāśritya vā syāt, dvicandrādivad visaṃvādād vā, sthairyavadbādhakād veti? ādye rūpādiṣu kaḥ pakṣapātaḥ? prāpterarthakriyāsthiteśca na dvitīyo'pi| te dve api rūpādīnāmeveti cet? na teṣāṃ kiṃ tu tasyaivetyeva kiṃ na syāt? bādhakāditi cet? sa yadi kramayaugapadyavirodhaḥ, kṣaṇikaṃ tāvadastu| raktāraktādivirodhaścet? paramāṇurūpaṃ tāvadastu| saṃbandhābhāva iti cet? asaṃbaddhaṃ tāvadastu| kathaṃ tadvat pratīyeteti cet? taiḥ saha tathotpādāditi parihāro'stu, bhavatāmeva yathā śarīraṃ cetanāvaditi| rūpādibhireva samastārthakriyāsiddheḥ kiṃ tadatiriktavastukalpanayeti cet---na, tāvanmātreṇaiva samastārthakriyāsiddheḥ kiṃ rūpādikalpanayetyasyāpi vācāṭavacaso'vakāśaprasaḍgāt| pratīyamānatvāditi cet?

11.13.p13

tulyam||

11.13.p14

etenaivālīkaviṣayatā nirastā| abhedasādhanāni pramāṇāni bādhakamiti tu cintyata ityāśayavān paryanuyogārthamāha---svasaṃvedaneneti| atra para āha anākalitasamaya iti śeṣaḥ| anura*janādikayā tviti| atadrūpasya svarūpasaṃkrāntiḥ anura*janam| yathā nīladravyasamparkād dhavalo'pi nīlo mahārajanasaṃparkādrakta iti|

11.13.p15

atra nīlādayo dravyavyapadeśaṃ vihāya rūpavyapadeśameva labhante, nīlarūpaḥ paṭo raktarūpaḥ paṭa iti| ādiśabdena gandhādīnāṃ vāsanādikāḥ vāsanādikāḥ kriyāḥ saṃgṛhītāḥ| śabdagatidūṣaṇametaditi vibhāvayannirākaraṇaṃ

11.13.p16

vivṛṇoti---tathārthasyeti| arthagatirapi tridhā| utpādamātraṃ vā, trailokyavilakṣaṇotpādo vā, sabhāgasantānabhedotpādo veti| tatra dvayaṃ dūṣayatītyāha---dūṣaṇāntaramiti| tṛtīyamutthāpayatītyāha---śaṅkata iti| dṛṣṭisṛṣṭiviṣaye hi kasmiścid ghaṭa iti vyavahāraḥ| sa cedanayā vacobhaḍgyātiriktaḥ samarthitaḥ, siddhaṃ naḥ samīhitamityāha---anyatva iti| ananyatve vyarthābhidhānamiti| tathā sati hi rūpaparamāṇavaḥ sparśaparamāṇavaścetyeva| te ca kathamapyutpadyantām, na kadācidapi dvīndriyagrāhyāḥ| samudāyaśca durūpapādaḥ| tathā ca dṛṣṭisṛṣṭiviṣayo naikaḥ samarthitaḥ syāt| ato niṣprayojanamuttarābhidhānamityarthaḥ| śaṅkata ityādi| yadyapi kṣaṇikaparamāṇurūpe dravye na kaścid vicāravirodhaḥ, tathāpi sthirāvayavyabhiprāyeṇa śaḍkā| so'pi hyasmākaṃ prasādhya iti| ata evāha---ekānekavicārāsahatvāditi| asanta iti upalakṣaṇam| bāhyānanurodhijñānākārarūpā ityapi draṣṭavyam| bījamiti||

11.13.p17

atra prayogaḥ, ye ghaṭādipratyayā na satyāḥ, ta evambhūtasamyakpratyayapūrvakā mithyāpratyayatvāt, taimirikakeśapratyayavaditi| atra copādhimudbhāvayati---yastviti| yadyapi hi ādimānanādiriti vibhāgo'nupapanna eva| tathā hi keyamanāditā? kimevaṃrūpamithyājñānapravāhāvicchedaḥ, kiṃ vā pūrvamapyevaṃbhūtasya vibhramasya kadāpi bhāvaḥ? na tāvadādyo'sambhavāt| dvitīye tu taimirikakeśajñānamapyanādyeva| anādau saṃsāre viplutasya keśajñānasyābhūtacaratvānupapatteḥ| tathā cānāditā nopādhiḥ| tasyāṃ satyāmapi keśajñānasya satyajñānanimittāpekṣaṇāt|

11.13.p18

na ca viparyaye bādhakābhāvād vibhramaśca syāt| satyapratyayānanukārī ceti śaṅkayā bhavitavyamiti vācyam| ananyathāsiddhānvayavyatirekānuvidhānasiddhakāraṇabhāvaparihāre mithyāpratyayānāmākasmikatvaprasaḍgāt| satyapratyayānanukāre ghaṭādipratyayānāmapravartakatvaprasaḍgācca| tathā hi mithyāpratyayā apyābhimānika pākṣikaṃ vā prāmāṇyamupādāyaiva pravartayeyaḥ| vibhramatvaniścaye tvapravṛtteḥ| na ca pramāṇānanukāre prāmāṇyābhimānasaṃśayaḥ| na ca pramāṇabhedāgrahamātreṇa tattvābhimānasaṃbhavaḥ, visadṛśārthagocaratve tasyābhāvāt| sadṛśārthagocaratve tu satyapratyayānukāro'kāmenāpi svīkartavya iti| tathāpi ghaṭādipratyayānāṃ satyatve kiṃ nibandhanā bauddhasyerṣyeti jijñāsuṃ pratibubodhayiṣurāhetyāha---taṃ pratīti| avayavina iti dravyamātropalakṣaṇaparam| yadyasmāditi vārttikam yattadorvyatyāsena sugamamevetyupekṣitavān| vyaktyabhiprāyeṇānaikāntikatve dahanāyogolakamudāharaṇam| vārttikoktaṃ tu vyāghātasphoraṇāya| jātyabhiprāyeṇa buddhitadviṣayāvudāhāryau| asti hi viṣayāgrahe buddhijātīyāgraho na cābhedobāhyasthitau satyāṃ guṇaguṇivādārambhāt| dvividhā'ṇuḥ śabdātmako'śabdātmakaśca| tatrānantaro'ṣṭadravyaka iti| kavaḍīkārāhāraparyantāḥ kāmadhātavaḥ| dhyānāhārā rūpadhātavaḥ| ānandāhārā arūpadhātava iti vibhāgaḥ| sā hīti| yatastvayaivoktam,

11.13.p19

pararūpaṃ svarūpeṇa dhiyā saṃvriyate yayā|

11.13.p20

ekārthapratibhāsinyā tāmāhuḥ saṃvṛtiṃ kila||

11.13.p21

ityarthaḥ| udbhāvanaprakārasaṃkalanārthaṃ pūrvoktaikadeśaṃ smārayitvā paramatamavatārayati---tadevamiti| tadatrānaikāntikatvena hetvābhāso nigrahasthānam| tadabhyupetaprāmāṇyāgamavyāghātenāpasiddhāntaḥ| tacchabdaparyālocanayā niṣprayojanatvenāpārthakam, pratijñāpadayorvyāghātena virodha iti|

11.13.p22

ānuśāsanikaṃ vacanabhedamādāya virodha udbhāvitaḥ| tato na pāribhāṣikeṇa vyabhicāraśaḍkāsamānārthānāṃ prakṛtīnāmiti prakṛte'bhyupagamavādaḥ| utpannataddhitāyāḥ prakṛteradhikārthatvāt, spārthikasya pratyayasya nirākariṣyamāṇatvāt| nanvāpa ityapi toyagatāmeva bahutvasaṃkhyāmācaṣṭām, ko doṣa ityata āha---ityekasyāmapīti| yadyupanibandhena yadi toyaparamāṇāvapyāpa iti śiṣṭaprayogastadaivaṃ neyam| vastutastu yathaikavacanāttoyamanuśāsanabalādasādhustathaikasaṃkhyāvacchinne pāthasyapīti na kaścid virodhaḥ| dārā ityatra tveṣaiva yuktirityarthaḥ| krandata ityanādare ṣaṣṭhī| bhavata iti pūraṇīyam|

11.13.p23

ṣaṇṇagarītyādiṣu tu sugamameva, samāhāre samāsānuśāsanāt| sa ca samāhriyamāṇārthātirikta evābhyupagamyate'smābhiḥ||

11.13.p24

yadi yathālokavyavahāramādriyase, kimiti savikalpakaṃ pratyakṣaṃ pariharasi? kutaśca na śabdādīni pramāṇāni pṛthagevābhyupagacchasītyāha---anyatheti| vārttikoktodāharaṇānurodhenāhnīkaṃ pratyāha---na ca nīlasyeti| vastutastu pītaśaḍkhavibhrame ayam api na pītasyaiva śaḍkhasyotpādamicchati, puruṣāntareṇāpi tathopalambhaprasaḍgāt| tato

11.13.p25

dhavalimni pratīte'pi tadāśrayaṃ śaḍkhadravyamabhipretyetyeva| toyaviraha ityādi| na caitad vaidharmyamātram, upaṣṭambhakasyāvinirbhāgenaivāvasthānaniyamāt| yathā hemni pārthivo bhāgaḥ| taile payasi sarpiṣi ca pāthasīyaḥ| na ca saṃyogimātraṃ yūṣe jalam| tadasaṃyoge yūṣatvanivṛtteriti tairvyapadeśaḥ| tairviśeṣaṇaistasya vyavacchedyasya vyavacchedaḥ| sa cātrānubhaviko vivakṣitaḥ| sa hyevaṃ pravartate, candano'yaṃ surabhiḥ, tiktaḥ, śuklaḥ, śītaḥ iti| tādātmyabhramanirāsārthaṃ tu śabdo vyapadeśakatayopāttaḥ, candanasya śuklaṃ rūpamityādi| etaccāgambhīramiti matvā yathāśrutamevopādāya tātparyamahā---asti hīti| na kevalaṃ hetusvarūpālocanena pratijñālocanenāpi candanasyopālambhābhyupagamo'vasīyate parasya| na hyanupalabdhasyaiva rūpādyabhedaṃ sādhayati| tathā satyaprasiddhaviśeṣyaḥ pakṣaḥ syāt| svātantryeṇa vā sattve sādhye āśrayāsiddho heturiti tṛtīye vyutpādanīyamiti ihopekṣitavāniti| ekāntato vyapadeśaṃ vyāvartayitumiti prayogāntarasūcanāya| tathā hi, ayaṃ cakṣurgocaraḥ candano rasādibhyo bhidyate, tadanupalambhe'pyetasyopalabhyamānatvāt| yadyasminnanupalabhyamāne'pyupalabhyate tat tato bhidyate, yathā rūpādibhyaḥ śabdaḥ| tathā cāyaṃ candanaḥ| tasmāt tatheti| spamātrāttu vyavacchedaḥ sandigdhaḥ tatra vyapadeśo heturiti||