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Tithyarka 5.p2

Tithyarka 5.p2

Language
Sanskrit

5.p2.1

tatreṣṭiḥ parvapratipatsandhau kāryā| taduktaṃ mādhavīye gobhilena"pakṣāntā upavastavyāḥ pakṣādayo yaṣṭavyāḥ sandhimabhito yajet"
iti| upavāso'nvādhānam| sandheḥ sūkṣmatvāt tatra yāgānuṣṭhānasya
vādhāt tatsāmīpyaṃ viṣayaḥ| tadāha mādhavīye baudhāyanaḥ"sūkṣmatvāt sandhikālasya sandhiviṣaya ucyate
sāmīpyaṃ viṣayaṃ prāhuḥ pūrveṇāpyapareṇa ca||"
atra pūrvāparaśabdābhyāṃ sandheḥ prācīnaṃ parvadinaṃ pratīcīnaṃ pratipaddinamucyate| tatra pūrvasmin parvadine'nvādhānādirūpo
yāgārambhaḥ kāryaḥ| aparasmin pratipaddine sviṣṭakṛdādistemarūpā yāgasamāptiḥ kāryā| tathā ca taittirīyabrāhmaṇaśrutiḥ"pūrve'ridhmāvarhiḥ karoti yajñamevārabhya gṛhītvopavasati" iti
śatapathe'pi-"pūrvedyuragniṃ gṛhṇātyuttaramaharyajati" iti
anvādhānayāgayoḥ kālamāha laugākṣiḥ"trīnaṃśānāpavastasya yāgasya caturo viduḥ
dvāvaṃśāvutsṛjedantyau yāge ca vratakarmaṇi||" iti
pratipatparvaṇorantyau dvāvaṃśau yathākramaṃ yāgānvādhānayostyājyāviti bhāvaḥ| tānimān yāgasya caturoṃ'śān vivṛṇato mādhavīye yajñapārśvaśātātapau“pañcadaśyāḥ paraḥ pādaḥ pakṣādeḥ prathamāstrayaḥ
kālaḥ pārṇaṇayāge syādathānteṣu na vidyate
parvaṇo yaścaturtho'śa ādyā pratipadastrayaḥ
yāgaḥ kālaḥ sa vijñeyaḥ prātarukto manīṣibhiḥ ||” iti
atra ‘prātariti viśeṣaṇāt sūryodayasyopari muhūrttatrayaṃ yāgakāla
ityuktaṃ bhavati’ iti mādhavaḥ | pratipadaścaturthāśaṃ niṣedhati tatraiva
kātyāyanaḥ—
“na yaṣṭavyaṃ caturtheṃ'śe yāgaiḥ pratipadaḥ kvacit
rakṣāṃsi tadvilumpanti śrutireṣā sanātanī ||” iti
evaṃ nirṇīte'rthe parvapratipadoḥ sampūrṇatve na kaścidapi sandehaḥ

5.p2.2

khaṇḍatve tu tayornirṇayamāha mādhavīye gobhilaḥ—
“āvattane yadā sandhiḥ parvapratipadorbhavet
tadaharyāga iṣyeta parataścetpare'hani
parvapratipadoḥ sandhirarvāgāvarttanād yadi
tasminnahani yaṣṭavyaṃ pūrvedyustadupakramaḥ
āvarttanāt paraḥ sandhiryadi tasminnupakramaḥ
paredyuriṣṭirityeva parvadvayaviniścayaḥ ||” iti
āvattano madhyāhnaḥ | atra sandhiśca pratipado hrāsavṛddhyorarddhaṃ parvaṇi
viyojya saṃyojya jñeyaḥ | tadāha kātyāyanaḥ—
“pare'hni ghaṭikānyūnāstathaivābhyadhikāśca yāḥ
tadarddhaklṛptyā pūrvasmin hrāsavṛddhī prakalpayet ||” iti
laugākṣirapi—
“titheḥ parasyāḥ ghaṭikāstu yāḥ syurnyūnāstathaivābhyadhikāśca tāsām
arddhaṃ viyojyaṃ ca tathā prayojyaṃ
hrāse ca vṛddhau prathame dine tat ||” iti
tathā ca pratipado hrāse yāvān hrāsastadarddhaṃ pūrvasmāt parvadinānniṣkāśyaivaṃ pratipadvṛddhau vṛddhināḍikārddhaṃ pūrvasmin parvadine
saṃyojya sandhiḥ kalpanīya ityarthaḥ
atra pratipado hrāsavṛddhī parvabhogamādāya jñeye | tathāhi—
yadā caturdaśī daśaghaṭyātmikā, parva ca daśaghaṭyātmakam, pratipadekonaviṃśatighaṭyātmikā, tadā pratipado hrāsaḥ| yadā caturdaśī pañcaviṃśatighaṭyātmikā, parva ekonaviṃśatighaṭyātmakam,
pratipaccaturdaśaghaṭyātmikā, tadā vṛddhyudāharaṇam | evamādīnyudāharaṇāni boddhavyāni
aparāhne sandhau vṛddhaśātātapaḥ—
“sandhiryatrāparāhne syād yāgaḥ prātaḥ pare'hani
kurvāṇaḥ pratipadbhāge caturthe'pi na duṣyati ||” iti
yaśca
“na yaṣṭavyaṃ caturtheṃ'śe yāgaiḥ pratipadaḥ kvacit |”

5.p2.3

iti kātyāyanavacanāt pratipaccaturthabhāge yāganiṣedhaḥ, sa madhyāhnasandhiviṣaye yāgakāle satyālasyādinā tamatikramya caturtheṃ'śe na
yaṣṭavyamityevaṃ bodhyaḥ | [yadā 1] amāyāṃ candradarśo bhavati, dine
yāgakaraṇe prāyaścittaviśeṣamāha kātyāyanaḥ“yajanīye'hni somaśced vāruṇyāṃ diśi dṛśyate
tatra vyāhṛtibhirhutvā daṇḍaṃ dadyād dvijātaye ||” iti
vṛddhavasiṣṭhaśātātapāvapi“āditye'stamite candraḥ prakṣīṇa udayādyadi
pratipadyatipattiḥ syāt pañcadaśyāṃ yajettadā ||”
‘astamite’ astāsanne iti śrīguravaḥ | atipattiryāgasyānuṣṭhānam,
“dvitīyā trimuhūrttā cet pratipadyāparāhnikī
anvādhānaṃ caturdaśyāṃ parataḥ somadarśanāt ||”
iti somadarśananiṣedhācca
“arvāgastamayādyatra dvitīyā tu pradṛśyate
tatra yāgaṃ na kurvīta viśvedevāḥ parāṅmukhāḥ ||” iti
ayaṃ somadarśananiṣedhastu kātyāyanabaudhāyanaparo nāśvalāyanāpastambānām, “yasminnahani purastāt paścāt somo na dṛśyeta
tadaharyajeta” iti śruteḥ
“dvitīyā trimuhūrttā cet pratipadyāparāhnikī
anvādhānaṃ caturdaśyāṃ parataḥ somadarśanāt ||”
iti baudhāyanavacanācca
āśvalāyanāpastambaistu “yadahaḥ paścāccandramā abhyudeti tadaharyajannimām̐llokāna udeti” iti śrutyā candradarśanopetāyāmapi
pratipadīṣṭerājñānāt somadarśanavatyapi kāle kāryā
yattu—
“parvaṇo'śe caturthe tu kāryā neṣṭirdvijottamaiḥ
dvitīyāsahitaṃ yasmād dūṣayantyāśvalāyanāḥ ||”
iti smṛtivākyaṃ sarvadvijānāmaviśeṣeṇa dvitīyāyuktapratipadi
yāganiṣedhakam, tadāvarttanādarvvāk parvapratipatsandhau bodhyam
iṣṭisamāptiśca pratipanmadhya eva kāryā na parvānte,

5.p2.4

“pratipadyapraviṣṭāyāṃ yadi ceṣṭiḥ samāpyate
punaḥ praṇīya kṛtsneṣṭiḥ karttavyā yāgavittamaiḥ ||”
iti gārgyavacanāt | kadācit paurṇamāsyāṃ viśeṣamāha kātyāyanaḥ—
“sandhiścet saṅgavādūrdhvaṃ prāk paryāvarttanādraveḥ
sā paurṇamāsī vijñeyā sadyaskālavidhau tithiḥ ||” iti
etadapi vaikalpikaṃ na niyatam, “paurṇamāsyāmanvādhānaparistaraṇopavāsāḥ sadyo vā sadyaskālāyāṃ sarvaṃ kriyate” ityāpastambasmaraṇāt
atra yājñikāstu—
“ādhānāntarā paurṇamāsī cenmalamāsagā
tasyāmārambhaṇīyādīna na kuryāttu kadācana ||”
iti trikāṇḍamaṇḍanavacanād vimreṣṭiṃ kṛtvā śuddhakāle
evārambhaṃ kurvītetyāhuḥ| prayogapārijātakārastu—
“yadyārambhakāle malamāsaguruśukrāstavālyavārddhakagrahaṇapauṣamāsādi bhavati tadāpi prārambhaḥ kārya eva| yāni tu tatrārambhaniṣedhakāni—
“uparāgo'dhimāsaśca yadi prathamaparvaṇi
tathā malimluce pauṣe nānvārambhaṇamiṣyate
gurubhārgavayormāḍhye candrasūryagrahe tathā|”
iti saṃgrahavacanāni, tānyālasyādinā svakālānupakrānteṣṭisthālīpākaviṣayāṇi,
“nāmakarma ca darśaiṣṭiṃ yathākālaṃ samācaret
atipāte sati tayoḥ praśaste māsi puṇyabhe||”
ityaparārkasthagargavacanād”—ityāha| ayameva pakṣo'smanmātṛprapitāmahaśrījagadgurubhaṭṭaśrīnārāyaṇapadapāthojaiḥ prayogaratne ādṛtaḥ
iti prakṛtīṣṭeḥ kālo nirūpitaḥ
atha vikṛtikālaḥ| āpastambaḥ—“yadīṣṭyā yadi paśunā
yadi somena yajeta so'māvāsyāyāṃ paurṇamāsyāṃ vā yajeta” iti
prakṛtirdarśapaurṇamāsau| “aindrāgnamekādaśakapālaṃ nirvapet prajākāmaḥ”
ityādikāḥ kāmyeṣṭayo vikṛtayaḥ| tatra “prakṛtivad vikṛtiḥ

5.p2.5

karttavyā” iti nyāyena vikṛtīnāmapi kadācit sandhidinottaradine'nuṣṭhānaṃ jñāpyeta, tadetadudāhṛtāpastambavacanena nyāyaṃ bādhitvā
vāryate| prakṛtivikṛteḥ sannipāte nirṇayamāha kātyāyanaḥ—
“āvartanāt prāg yadi parvasandhiḥ
kṛtvā tu tasmin prakṛtiṃ vikṛtyāḥ
tadaiva yāgaḥ parato yadi syāttasmin
vikṛtyāḥ prakṛteḥ paredyuḥ ||” iti
paśau kālamāha—
“arddhāddiho bhavati niyataḥ parvasandhiḥ parastāt
kṛtvā tasminnahani tu paśuṃ sadya eva dvayahaṃ vā
ārabhyātha prakṛtiratha cet parvasandhiḥ purastāt
kṛtvā tasmin prakṛtimatha tu syāt paśuḥ sadya eva ||” iti
āgrayaṇakālānāha āpastambaḥ—
“varṣāsu śyāmākairyajeta śaradi vrīhibhirvasante yavaiḥ” iti
sampūrṇe darśe sāgneḥ kramamāha laugākṣiḥ—
“pakṣāntaṃ karma nirvartya vaiśvadevaṃ ca sāgnikaḥ
pitṛyajñaṃ tataḥ kuryāttato'nvāhāryakaṃ budhaḥ ||” iti
‘pakṣāntaṃ karmma’ anvādhānakarmma | ‘anvāhāryakam’ darśaśrāddham | iti
saṅkṣepaḥ| atha grahaṇaṃ nirṇīyate| mādhavīye vṛddhagārgyaḥ—
“pūrṇimāpratipatsandhau rāhuḥ sampūrṇamaṇḍalam
grasate candramarkañca darśapratipadantare ||” iti
tatra yasmin yāme candragrahaṇam, tasmād yāmāt pūrvapraharatrayaṃ na
bhuñjīta,
“grahaṇantu bhavedindoḥ prathamādadhi yāmataḥ
bhuñjītāvattanāt pūrvaṃ prathame prathamādadhaḥ ||”
iti mārkaṇḍeyavacanāt | ‘adhi’ ūrdhvam | ‘āvarttanād’ madhyāhnāt
evaṃ sūryagrahaṇe yasmin yāme grahaṇam, tasmādyāmāt pūrvaṃ caturo
yāmān bhojane vivarjayet,
“sūryagrahe tu nāśnīyāt pūrvaṃ yāmacatuṣṭayam
candragrahe tu yāmāṃstrīn bālavṛddhāturairvinā ||”

5.p2.6

iti vṛddhagautamokteḥ | bālavṛddhāturāṇāṃ grahaṇayāmāt pūrvameko
yāmo bhojane niṣiddhaḥ ,
“sāyāhne grahaṇañcet syādaparāhne na bhojanam
aparāhne na madhyāhne madhyāhne na tu saṅgave
bhuñjīta saṅgave cet syānna pūrvaṃ tu bhujikriyā|”
iti mārkaṇḍeyokteḥ | kadāciccandragrahe viśeṣamāha mādhavīye
vṛddhavasiṣṭhaḥ—
“grastodaye vidhoḥ pūrvaṃ nāharbhojanamācaret |” iti
sūryācandramasorgrastāste tu tatraiva vyāso viśeṣamāha—
“amuktayorastagayoradyād dṛṣṭvā pare'hani |” iti
candragrastāste dvitīyadine bhojananiṣedhaḥ | na tu sandhyāsnānādāvityāha uśanāḥ
“graste cāstaṃgate tvindau jñātvā muktyavadhāraṇam
snānahomādikaṃ kāryaṃ bhuñjītendūdaye punaḥ ||” iti
“sarveṣāmeva varṇānāṃ sūtakaṃ rāhudarśane
snātvā karmāṇi kurvīta śṛtamannaṃ vivarjayet ||”
“āranālaṃ ca takraṃ cādyādevaṃ ghṛtapācitam
udakañca kuśacchannaṃ na duṣyedrāhudarśane ||” iti
“smārtakarmaparityāgo rāhoranyatra sūtake |”
“candrasūryagrahe bhuktvā prājāpatyena śuddhyati
tasminneva dine bhuktvā trirātreṇaiva śuddhyati ||” iti
"yathā snānaṃ ca dānaṃ ca sūryyasya grahaṇe divā
somasyāpi tathā rātrau snānaṃ dānaṃ vidhīyate ||" iti
dānānyuktāni bhārate"bhūmirgāvaḥ suvarṇaṃ ca dhānyaṃ vā yadyadīpsitam
tatsrvaṃ grahaṇe deyamātmanaḥ śreya icchatā ||"
etaddānaṃ satpātre deyamityuktaṃ tatraiva"ayane viṣuve caiva grahaṇe candrasūryyayoḥ
pātrabhūtāya viprāya bhūmiṃ dadyāt sadakṣiṇām ||" iti
pātralakṣaṇamāha yājñavalkyaḥ-"na vidyayā kevalayā tapasā vāpi pātratā
yatra vṛttamime cobhe taddhi pātraṃ pracakṣate ||" iti

5.p2.7

vṛttamāha śaunakaḥ-"satyaṃ śaucaṃ kṣamā dhairyaṃ vṛttamityabhidhīyate |"
etādṛśapātrālābhe baudhāyanaḥ"śrotriyo'śrotriyo vāpi pātraṃ vā'pātrameva vā
viprabruvo'pi vā vipro grahaṇe dānamarhati ||" iti
hemādrau vyāsaḥ-"sūryyavāre ravigrāhaḥ some somagrahastathā
cūḍāmaṇiriti khyātastatrānantaphalaṃ labhet
vāreṣvanyeṣu yatpuṇyaṃ grahaṇe candrasūryyayoḥ
tatpuṇyaṃ koṭiguṇitaṃ grāse cūḍāmaṇau smṛtam ||" iti
śātātapaḥ-"saiṃhikeyo yadā sūrya grasate parvasandhiṣu
gajacchāyā tu sā jñeyā pitṝṇāṃ dattamakṣayam ||” iti
āśaucino'pi grahaṇe snānamuktaṃ vṛddhavasiṣṭhena"sūtake mṛtake caiva na doṣo rāhudarśane
tāvadeva bhavecchuddhiryāvanmuktirna dṛśyate ||”
śuddhirityukterāśaucino dānamapi bhavati | rajasvalāyā viśeṣo
mitākṣarāyām"snāne naimittike prāpte nārī yadi rajasvalā
pātrāntaritatoyena snānaṃ kṛtvā vrataṃ caret |” iti
'vratam' rajasvalādharmarūpam | grahaṇe puṇyakālamāha jābāliḥ"saṃkrāntau puṇyakālastu ṣoḍaśobhayataḥ kalāḥ
candrasūryoparāge ca yāvaddarśanagocare ||” iti
'darśanam' śāstrīyaṃ jñānam | tathā ca yāvatkālaparyantaṃ śāstreṇa
grahaṇaṃ jñāyate, tāvatkālaḥ puṇyasamaya iti bhāvaḥ | nanvevaṃ sati
dvīpāntaragrahaṇe'pi snānadānaprasaṅga iti vācyam,
"sūryagraho yadā rātrau divā candre grahastathā
tatra snānaṃ na kurvīta dadyāddānaṃ na tu kvacit ||”
iti ṣaṭtriṃśanmate tasya niṣedhāt | meghādyācchinne mokṣasnānamapi śāstreṇa muktiṃ vijñāya kāryam,
“candrasūryagrahe nādyāttasminnahani pūrvataḥ
rāhorvimuktiṃ vijñāya snātvā kurvīta bhojanam ||”

5.p2.8

“grasyamāne bhavet snānaṃ graste homo vidhīyate
mucyamāne śrāddhadāne mukte snānaṃ vidhīyate || iti
“vimukte yadi na snāyāccandrasūryagrahe tathā
tasya tāvadaśaucaṃ syād yāvadanyaḥ paro grahaḥ ||” iti
“gaṅgāsnānaṃ prakurvīta grahaṇe somasūryayoḥ
mahānadīṣu sarvāsu snānaṃ kuryād yathāvidhi ||” iti
“godāvarī bhīmarathī tuṅgabhadrā ca veṇikā
tāpī payoṣṇī vindhyasya dakṣiṇe tu prakīrtitāḥ
bhāgīrathī narmadā ca yamunā ca sarasvatī
viśokā catasraśca vindhyasyottarastathā ||” iti
“vāpīkūpataḍāgeṣu girisravaṇe'pi ca
nadyāṃ nade devakhāte sarasīṣūddhatāmbuni
uṣṇodakena vā snāyād grahaṇe somasūryayoḥ |”
“ādityakiraṇaiḥ pūtaṃ punaḥ pūtaṃ ca vahninā
ato vyādhyāśuraḥ snāyād grahaṇe'pyuṣṇavāriṇā ||” iti
“sarvaṃ gaṅgāsamaṃ toyaṃ sarve brahmasamāḥ dvijāḥ
sarvaṃ bhūmisamaṃ dānaṃ grahaṇe somasūryayoḥ ||” iti
“gaṅgā kanakhalaṃ puṇyaṃ prayāgaḥ puṣkaraṃ tathā
kurukṣetraṃ mahāpuṇyaṃ rāhugraste divākare ||” iti
“sarvasvenāpi karttavyaṃ śrāddhaṃ vai rāhudarśane
akurvāṇastu nāstikyāt paṅke gauriva sīdati ||”
“sūryendugrahaṇaṃ yāvattāvatkuryājjapādikam
na svapenna ca bhuñjīta snātvā bhuñjīta muktayoḥ ||” iti
janmanakṣatrarāśyādau sthitarabisomagrahaṇe doṣa ityuktaṃ jyotiḥśāstre—
viṣṇudharmottare—
‘trijanmanakṣatrāṇi’ janmadaśamaikonaviṃśatiḥ
‘horā’ janmalagnam
‘sarpasya’ tadākārasya rāhorityarthaḥ
jyotiḥsāgare—
"sauvarṇaṃ kārayennāgaṃ palenātha palārddhataḥ
tadarddhana tadarddhena phaṇāyāṃ mauktikaṃ nyaset
tāmrapātre nidhāyā'tha ghṛtapūrṇe viśeṣataḥ
kāṃsye vā kāntilohe vā nyasya dadyāt sadakṣiṇam

5.p2.9

sauvarṇaṃ rājataṃ vāpi vimbaṃ kṛtvā svaśaktitaḥ
uparāgabhavakleśacchide viprāya dāpayet ||”
"tamomaya ! mahābhāga ! somasūryavimardana !
hematārāpradānena mama śāntiprado bhava
vidhuntuda ! namastubhyaṃ siṃhikānandanācyuta !
dānenānena nāgasya rakṣa māṃ vedhajādbhayāt ||" iti
"yasya rāśiṃ samāsādya bhaved grahaṇasambhavaḥ||”
"siddhārthakuṣṭharajanīdvayalodhramustā
lāmajjakai ( śai 1 ) laphalinīmuramāṃsiyuktāḥ
snānaṃ hitaṃ grahaṇadoṣavināśanāya
sarve grahā ravimukhā balino bhavanti ||”
‘lāmajjakam’ uśīrabhedaḥ, ‘phalinī’ priyaṅguriti dik
atha pakṣaḥ | viṣṇupurāṇe—
“triṃśanmuhūrtaṃ kathitamahorātraṃ tu yanmayā
tāni pañcadaśa brahman ! pakṣa ityabhidhīyate ||”
sa ca dvedhā, śuklakṛṣṇabhedāt | daive karmaṇi śuklapakṣaḥ, pitrye
karmaṇi kṛṣṇapakṣo grāhyaḥ,
“daive mukhyaḥ śuklapakṣaḥ kṛṣṇaḥ pitrye viśiṣyate |”
iti mādhavallikhitaśruteḥ
atha māsanirṇayaḥ | ‘masa’ parimāṇe ityasmāddhātorniṣpannasya
māsaśabdasyārtho masyete parimīyete yāvatā kālena candravṛddhikṣayau
sa kālo māsa iti | sa māsastridhā, cāṃdrasāvanasaurabhedāt
cāndrādīnāṃ svarūpaṃ mādhavīye brahmasiddhānte—
“cāndraḥ śuklādidarśāntaḥ sāvanastriṃśatā dinaiḥ
ekarāśau raviryāvatkālaṃ māsaḥ sa bhāskaraḥ ||” iti
mādhavamadanaratnayornākṣatramapi kecidicchantītyuktam ,
“sarvarkṣaparivarttaistu nākṣatro māsa ucyate |”
iti viṣṇudharmottarāt
sa ca saptaviṃśatibhiḥ (tyā 1) dinaiḥ sampadyate,
“māne māsastu nākṣatre saptaviṃśatibhirdinaiḥ |”
iti smṛteḥ | kutra ko vā māso grāhya ityākāṅkṣāyāṃ gargaḥ—

5.p2.10

“sauro māso vivāhādau yajñādau sāvanaḥ smṛtaḥ
ābdhike pitṛkārye ca cāndro māsaḥ prakīrtitaḥ ||” iti
“ābdhike sāṃvatsarikamṛtāhaśrāddhe, pitṛkārye ṣāṇmāsikaśrāddhādau,
caśabdānmāsasaṃvatsarasādhyayajñavyatirikte sarvasmin devakārye
cāndro māsaḥ praśasyate ityuktam” iti hemādriḥ| uktañca pitāmahena“daive karmaṇi pitrye ca māsaścāṃdramasaḥ smṛtaḥ |” iti
viprāṇāntu mukhyaścāndra eva,
“amāvāsyāparicchinno māsaḥ syād brāhmaṇasya tu
saṃkrāntipaurṇamāsībhyāṃ tathaiva nṛpavaiśyayoḥ ||”

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