The Law Code of Devala 3: Vivāhaḥ kulaṃ ca

3.1

ete vivāhāś catvāro dharmyās toyapradānikāḥ | aśulkā brāhmaṇārhāś ca tārayanti dvayoḥ kulam || etān saśulkān sāmānyān vivāhāṃś caturo viduḥ | kevalaṃ kṣatriyasyaiva praśastatvāc ca rākṣasaḥ

How should their bathing, how their cleansing, how their penance be? / What conduct should they adopt? Tell us that in full detail.”

These four marriages, (given) with a libation of water, are lawful, without bride-price, fit for Brahmins, and save both families. The four (others) they know as marriages with bride-price, common (to all); the Rākṣasa only for the Kṣatriya, as approved (for him).

3.2

tato vinītāṃ kalyāṇīṃ kanyāṃ kulavayo'nvitām | alaṃkṛtyārhate dadyād vivāho brāhma ucyate

When one adorns a well-bred, virtuous maiden of good family and right age and gives her to a worthy man, that marriage is called Brāhma.

3.3

śulkaṃ pradāya kanyāyāḥ supradānaṃ vidhānataḥ | vittahetur vivāho 'yam āsuraḥ ṣaṣṭha ucyate

When the maiden is given duly after a bride-price has been paid, this marriage for money is called the sixth, the Āsura.

3.4

suptān mattāc ca kanyāyā harati vyasanād api | pramādahetuḥ paiśāco vivāho 'ṣṭama ucyate

When one carries off a maiden asleep or intoxicated, or in distress, that marriage by negligence is called the eighth, the Paiśāca.

3.5

gāndharveṣu vivāheṣu punar vaivāhiko vidhiḥ | kartavyaś ca tribhir varṇaiḥ samayenāgnisākṣikaḥ

In Gāndharva marriages the wedding rite is to be performed again by the three classes, by agreement, with the fire as witness.

3.6

tisraḥ kanyā vidhivad dattvā yathānyāyaṃ pālayitvā niveśya ca | na pitā narakaṃ yāti nārī vā strīprasūtinī

A father who duly gives three daughters in marriage, having brought them up and settled them properly, does not go to hell, nor does a woman who has borne only daughters.

3.7

yaḥ svadārān ṛtusnātān susthaś cen nopagacchati

If one who is well does not approach his wife when she has bathed after her season …

3.8

yasya jātasya yamayoḥ paśyanti prathamaṃ mukham | santānaḥ pitaraś caiva tasmiñ jyaiṣṭhyaṃ pratiṣṭhitam

Of twins, the one whose face they see first when born: in him are established the line, the ancestors and seniority.

3.9

ete dvādaśa putrās tu santatyartham udāhṛtāḥ | ātmajāḥ parajāś caiva labdhā yādṛcchikās tathā | teṣāṃ ṣaḍ bandhudāyādāḥ pūrve 'nye pitur eva ṣaṭ

These twelve sons are declared for the continuance of the line: born of oneself, born of another, acquired, and come by chance; of them the first six are kinsmen and heirs, the other six (heirs) of the father only.

3.10

sarve hy anaurasasyaite putrā dāyaharāḥ smṛtāḥ | aurase punar utpanne teṣu jyaiṣṭhyaṃ na vidyate

All these sons of a man without a son of his body are held to be heirs; but when a son of his body is born, seniority does not belong to them.