Kaṭha Upaniṣad 6
Commentary of Śaṅkarācārya of Śaṅkarācārya 6
- Language
- Sanskrit
6.1
tūlā vadhāraṇenaiva mūlāvadhāraṇaṃ vṛkṣasya yathā kriyate loke, evaṃ saṃsārakāryavṛkṣāvadhāraṇena tanmūlasya brahmaṇaḥ svarūpāvadidhārayiṣayā iyaṃ ṣaṣṭhī vallī ārabhyate | ūrdhvamūlaḥ ūrdhvaṃ mūlaṃ yat tadviṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padamasyeti so'yamavyaktādisthāvarāntaḥ saṃsāravṛkṣaḥ ūrdhvamūlaḥ | vṛkṣaśca vraścanāt vinaśvaratvāt | avicchinnajanmajarāmaraṇaśokādyanekānarthātmakaḥ pratikṣaṇamanyathāsvabhāvaḥ māyāmarīcyudakagandharvanagarādivaddṛṣṭanaṣṭasvarūpatvādavasāne ca vṛkṣavadabhāvātmakaḥ kadalīstambhavanniḥsāraḥ anekaśatapāṣaṇḍabuddhivikalpāspadaḥ tattvavijijñāsubhiranirdhāritedaṃtattvaḥ vedāntanirdhāritaparabrahmamūlasāraḥ avidyākāmakarmāvyaktabījaprabhavaḥ aparabrahmavijñānakriyāśaktidvayātmakahiraṇyagarbhāṅkuraḥ sarvaprāṇiliṅgabhedaskandhaḥ tattattṛṣṇājalāsekodbhūtadarpaḥ buddhīndriyaviṣayapravālāṅkuraḥ śrutismṛtinyāyavidyopadeśapalāśaḥ yajñadānatapaādyanekakriyāsupuṣpaḥ sukhaduḥkhavedanānekarasaḥ prāpyupajīvyānantaphalaḥ tattṛṣṇāsalilāvasekaprarūḍhajaṭilīkṛtadṛḍhabaddhamūlaḥ satyanāmādisaptalokabrahmādibhūtapakṣikṛtanīḍaḥ prāṇisukhaduḥkhodbhūtaharṣaśokajātanṛtyagītavāditrakṣvelitāsphoṭitahasitākṛṣṭaruditahāhāmuñcamuñcetyādyanekaśabdakṛtatumulībhūtamahāravaḥ vedāntavihitabrahmātmadarśanāsaṅgaśastrakṛtocchedaḥ eṣaḥ saṃsāravṛkṣaḥ aśvatthaḥ aśvatthavatkāmakarmavāteritanityapracalitasvabhāvaḥ | svarganarakatiryakpretādibhiḥ śākhābhiḥ avākśākhaḥ, avāñcaḥ śākhā yasya saḥ, sanātanaḥ anāditvāccirapravṛttaḥ | yadasya saṃsāravṛkṣasya mūlaṃ tadeva śukraṃ śubhraṃ śuddhaṃ jyotiṣmat caitanyātmajyotiḥsvabhāvaṃ tadeva brahma sarvamahattvāt | tadeva amṛtam avināśasvabhāvam ucyate kathyate satyatvāt | vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyamanṛtamanyadato martyam | tasmin paramārthasatye brahmaṇi lokāḥ gandharvanagaramarīcyudakamāyāsamāḥ paramārthadarśanābhāvāvagamanāḥ śritāḥ āśritāḥ sarve samastāḥ utpattisthitilayeṣu | tadu tadbrahma nātyeti nātivartate mṛdādikamiva ghaṭādikāryaṃ kaścana kaścidapi vikāraḥ | etadvai tat ||
6.2
yadvijñānādamṛtā bhavantītyucyate, jagato mūlaṃ tadeva nāsti brahma ; asata evedaṃ niḥsṛtamiti, tanna—yadidaṃ kiṃca yatkiṃcedaṃ jagatsarvaṃ prāṇe parasminbrahmaṇi sati ejati kampate, tata eva niḥsṛtaṃ nirgataṃ sat pracalati niyamena ceṣṭate | yadevaṃ jagadutpattyādikāraṇaṃ brahma tat mahadbhayam , mahacca tat bhayaṃ ca bibhetyasmāditi mahadbhayam, vajramudyatam udyatamiva vajram ; yathā vajrodyatakaraṃ svāminam abhimukhībhūtaṃ dṛṣṭvā bhṛtyā niyamena tacchāsane vartante, tathedṃ candrādityagrahanakṣatratārakādilakṣaṇaṃ jagatseśvaraṃ niyamena kṣaṇamapyaviśrāntaṃ vartata ityuktaṃ bhavati | ye etat viduḥ svātmapravṛttisākṣibhūtamekaṃ brahma amṛtāḥ amaraṇadharmāṇaḥ te bhavanti ||
6.3
kathaṃ tadbhayājjagadvartata iti, āha— bhayāt bhītyā asya parameśvarasya agniḥ tapati; bhayāttapati sūryaḥ, bhayādindraśca vāyuśca mṛtyurdhāvati pañcamaḥ | na hi, īśvarāṇāṃ lokapālānāṃ samarthānāṃ satāṃ niyantā cedvajrodyatakaravanna syāt, svāmibhayabhītānāmiva bhṛtyānāṃ niyatā pravṛttirupapadyate ||
6.4
tacca iha jīvanneva cet yadyaśakta śaktaḥ san jānātītyetat, bhayakāraṇaṃ brahma boddhum avagantum, prāk pūrvaṃ śarīrasya visrasaḥ avasraṃsanātpatanāt saṃsārabandhanādvimucyate | na cedaśakadroddhum, tataḥ anavabodhāt sargeṣu, sṛjyante yeṣu sṛṣṭavyāḥ prāṇina iti sargāḥ pṛthivyādayo lokāḥ teṣu sargeṣu, lokeṣu śarīratvāya śarīrabhāvāya kalpate samartho bhavati ; śarīraṃ gṛhṇātītyarthaḥ | tasmāccharīravisraṃsanātprāgātmāvabodhāya yatna āstheyaḥ yasmādihaivātmano darśanamādarśasthasyeva mukhasya spaṣṭamupapadyate, na lokāntareṣu brahmalokādanyatra | sa ca duṣprāpaḥ ||
6.5
kathamiti, ucyate—yathā ādarśe pratibimbabhūtamātmānaṃ paśyati lokaḥ atyantaviviktam , tathā iha ātmani svabuddhāvādarśavannirmalībhūtāyāṃ viviktamātmano darśanaṃ bhavatītyarthaḥ | yathā svapne aviviktaṃ jāgradvāsanodbhūtam , tathā pitṛloke aviviktameva darśanamātmanaḥ karmaphalopabhogāsaktatvāt | yathā ca apsu aviviktāvayavamātmasvarūpaṃ parīva dadṛśe paridṛśyata iva, tathā gandharvaloke aviviktameva darśanamātmanaḥ | evaṃ ca lokāntareṣvapi śāstraprāmāṇyādavagamyate | chāyātapayoriva atyantaviviktaṃ brahmaloka evaikasmin | sa ca duṣprāpaḥ, atyantaviśiṣṭakarmajñānasādhyatvāt | tasmādātmadarśanāya ihaiva yatnaḥ kartavya ityabhiprāyaḥ ||
6.6
kathamasau boddhavyaḥ, kiṃ vā tadavabodhe prayojanamiti, ucyate -- indriyāṇāṃ śrotrādīnāṃ svasvaviṣayagrahaṇaprayojanena svakāraṇebhya ākāśādibhyaḥ pṛthagutpadyamānānām atyantaviśuddhātkevalāccinmātrātmasvarūpāt pṛthagbhāvaṃ svabhāvavilakṣaṇātmakatām, tathā teṣāmevendriyāṇām udayāstamayau ca utpattipralayau jāgratsvapnāvasthāpratipattyā nātmana iti matvā jñātvā vivekato dhīraḥ dhīmān na śocati, ātmano nityaikasvabhāvatvāvyabhicārācchokakāraṇatvānupapatteḥ | tathā ca śrutyantaram 'tarati śokamātmavit' iti ||
6.7
yasmādātmanaḥ indriyāṇāṃ pṛthagbhāva ukto nāsau bahiradhigantavyaḥ yasmātpratyagātmā sa sarvasya ; tatkathamiti, ucyate-indriyebhyaḥ paraṃ mana ityādi | arthānāmihendriyasamānajātīyatvādindriyagrahaṇenaiva grahaṇam | pūrvavadanyat | sattvaśabdādbuddhirihocyate ||
6.8
avyaktāttu paraḥ puruṣaḥ vyāpakaḥ, vyāpakasyāpyākāśādeḥ sarvasya kāraṇatvāt | aliṅgaḥ liṅgyate gamyate yena talliṅgaṃ buddhyādi, tadavidyamānaṃ yasya so'yamaliṅgaḥ eva ca; sarvasaṃsāradharmavarjita ityetat | yaṃ jñātvā ācāryataḥ śāstrataśca mucyate jantuḥ avidyādihṛdayagranthibhirjīvanneva; patite'pi śarīre amṛtatvaṃ ca gacchati | so'liṅgaḥ paro'vyaktātpuruṣa iti pūrveṇaiva saṃbandhaḥ ||
6.9
kathaṃ tarhi tasya aliṅgasya darśanamupapadyata iti, ucyate-na saṃdṛśe saṃdarśanaviṣaye na tiṣṭhati pratyagātmanaḥ asya rūpam | ataḥ na cakṣuṣā sarvendriyeṇa, cakṣurgrahaṇasyopalakṣaṇārthatvāt, paśyati nopalabhate kaścana kaścidapi enaṃ prakṛtamātmānam | kathaṃ tarhi taṃ paśyediti, ucyate-- hṛdā hṛtsthayā buddhyā, manīṣā manasaḥ saṃkalpādirūpasya īṣṭe niyantṛtveneti manīṭ tayā manīṣā vikalpavarjitayā buddhyā | manasā mananarūpeṇa samyagdarśanena abhiklṛptaḥ abhisamarthitaḥ abhiprakāśita ityetat | ātmā jñātuṃ śakya iti vākyaśeṣaḥ | tamātmānaṃ brahma etat ye viduḥ amṛtāḥ te bhavanti ||
6.10
sā hṛnmanīṭ kathaṃ prāpyata iti tadartho yoga ucyate— yadā yasminkāle svaviṣayebhyo nivartitāni ātmanyeva pañca jñānāni— jñānārthatvācchrotrādīnīndriyāṇi jñānānyucyante— avatiṣṭhante saha manasā yadanugatāni, tena saṃkalpādivyāvṛttenāntaḥkaraṇena | buddhiśca adhyavasāyalakṣaṇā na viceṣṭati svavyāpāreṣu na viceṣṭate na vyāprīyate, tāmāhuḥ paramāṃ gatim ||
6.11
tām īdṛśīṃ tadavasthāṃ yogamiti manyante viyogameva santam | sarvānarthasaṃyogaviyogalakṣaṇā hīyamavasthā yoginaḥ | etasyāṃ hyavasthāyām avidyādhyāropaṇavarjitasvarūpapratiṣṭha ātmā sthirāmindriyadhāraṇāṃ sthirāmacalāmindriyadhāraṇāṃ bāhyāntaḥkaraṇānāṃ dhāraṇamityarthaḥ | apramattaḥ pramādavarjitaḥ samādhānaṃ prati nityaṃ yatnavān tadā tasminkāle, yadaiva pravṛttayogo bhavatīti sāmarthyādavagamyate | na hi buddhyādiceṣṭābhāve pramādasaṃbhavo'sti | tasmātprāgeva buddhyādiceṣṭoparamāt apramādī vidhīyate | athavā, yadaiva indriyāṇāṃ sthirā dhāraṇā, tadānīmeva niraṅkuśamapramattatvamityato'bhidhīyate apramattastadā bhavatīti | kutaḥ ? yogo hi yasmāt prabhavāpyayau upajanāpāyadharmaka ityarthaḥ | ataḥ apāyaparihārāyāpramādaḥ kartavya ityabhiprāyaḥ ||
6.12
buddhyādiceṣṭāviṣayaṃ cedbrahma idaṃ taditi viśeṣato gṛhyeta, buddhyādyuparame ca grahaṇakāraṇābhāvādadupalabhyamānaṃ nāstyeva brahma| yaddhi karaṇagocaraṃ tadastīti prasiddhaṃ loke viparītaṃ cāsaditi | ataścānarthako yogo'nupalabhyamānatvādvā nāstītyupalabdhavyaṃ brahmetyevaṃ prāpte, idamucyate| satyam | naiva vācā na manasā na cakṣuṣā nānyairapīndriyaiḥ prāptuṃ śakyate ityarthaḥ | tathāpi sarvaviśeṣarahito'pi jagato mūlamityavagatatvādastyeva, kāryapravilāpanasyāstitvaniṣṭhatvāt | tathā hīdaṃ kāryaṃ saukṣmyatāratamyapāramparyeṇānugamyamānaṃ sadbuddhiniṣṭhāmevāvagamayati | yadāpi viṣayapravilāpanena pravilāpyamānā buddhiḥ, tadāpi sā satpratyayagarbhaiva vilīyate | buddhirhi naḥ pramāṇaṃ sadasatoryāthātmyāvagame | mūlaṃ cejjagato na syādasanvitamevedaṃ kāryamasadasadityeva gṛhyeta, na tvetadasti ; satsadityeva tu gṛhyate ; yathā mṛdādikāryaṃ ghaṭādi mṛdādyanvitam | tasmājjagato mūlamātmā astītyevopalabdhavyaḥ | kasmāt ? astīti bruvataḥ astitvavādina āgamārthānusāriṇaḥ śraddadhānādanyatra nāstikavādini nāsti jagato mūlamātmā niranvayamevedaṃ kāryamabhāvāntaṃ pravilīyata iti manyamāne viparītadarśini, kathaṃ tadbrahma tattvata upalabhyate ; na kathaṃcanopalabhyata ityarthaḥ ||
6.13
tasmādapohyāsadvādikṣamāsuram astītyeva ātmā upalabdhavyaḥ satkāryabuddhyādyupādhibhiḥ | yadā tu tadrahito'vikriya ātmā kāryaṃ ca kāraṇavyatirekeṇa nāsti 'vācārambhaṇaṃ vikāro nāmadheyaṃ mṛttiketyeva satyam' iti śruteḥ, tadā tasya nirupādhikasyāliṅgasya sadasadādipratyayaviṣayatvavarjitasyātmanasta-
svabhāvo bhavati | tena ca rūpeṇātmopalabdhavya ityanuvartate | tatrāpyubhayoḥ sopādhikanirupādhikayorastitvatattvabhāvayoḥ— nirdhāraṇārthā ṣaṣṭhī—pūrvamastītyevopalabdhasyātmanaḥ satkāryopādhikṛtāstitvapratyayenopalabdhasyetyarthaḥ | paścātpratyastamitasarvopādhirūpa ātmanaḥ tattvabhāvaḥ viditāviditābhyāmanyo'dvayasvabhāvaḥ neti netītyasthūlamanaṇvahrasvamadṛśye'nātmye nirukte'nilayana ityādiśrutinirdiṣṭaḥ prasīdati abhimukhībhavati | ātmaprakāśanāya pūrvamastītyupalabdhavata ityetat ||
6.14
evaṃ paramārthātmadarśino yadā yasminkāle sarve kāmāḥ kāmayitavyasyānyasyābhāvāt pramucyante viśīryante; ye asya prākpratibodhādviduṣo hṛdi buddhau śritāḥ āśritāḥ; buddhirhi kāmānāśrayaḥ nātmā, ‘kāmaḥ saṃkalpaḥ' ityādiśrutyantarācca; atha tadā martyaḥ prākprabodhādāsīt sa prabodhottharakālamavidyākāmakarmalakṣaṇasya mṛtyorvināśāt amṛto bhavati gamanaprayojakasya mṛtyorvināśādgamanānupapatteḥ | atra ihaiva pradīpanirvāṇavatsarvabandhanopaśamāt brahma samaśnute brahmaiva bhavatītyarthaḥ ||
6.15
kadā punaḥ kāmānāṃ mūlato vināśa iti, ucyate— yadā sarve prabhidyante bhedamupayānti vinaśyanti hṛdayasya buddheriha jīvaṃta eva granthayo granthivaddṛḍhabandhanarūpā avidyāpratyayā ityarthaḥ | ahamidaṃ śarīraṃ mamedaṃ dhanaṃ sukhī duḥkhī cāhamityevamādilakṣaṇāḥ tadviparītāt brahmātmapratyayopajanāt brahmaivāhamasmyasaṃsārīti vinaṣṭeṣvavidyāgranthiṣu tannimittāḥ kāmā mūlato vinaśyanti | atha martyo'mṛto bhavati etāvaddhi etāvadevaitāvanmātraṃ nādhikamastītyāśaṅkā kartavyā | anuśāsanam anuśiṣṭiḥ upadeśaḥ sarvavedāntānāmiti vākyaśeṣaḥ ||
6.16
nirastāśeṣaviśeṣavyāpibrahmātmapratipattyā prabhinnasamastāvidyādigrantheḥ jīvata eva brahmabhūtasya viduṣo na gatirvidyate, ‘atra brahma samaśnute’ ityuktatvāt ‘na tasya prāṇā utkrāmanti brahmaiva sanbrahmāpyeti’ iti śrutyantarācca | ye punarmandabrahmavido vidyāntaraśīlinaśca brahmalokabhājaḥ ye ca tadviparītāḥ saṃsārabhājaḥ, teṣāmeṣa gativiśeṣa ucyate prakṛtotkṛṣṭabrahmavidyāphalastutaye | kiṃcānyat, agnividyā pṛṣṭā pratyuktā ca | tasyāśca phalaprāptiprakāro vaktavya iti mantrārambhaḥ | tatra-- śataṃ ca śatasaṃkhyākāḥ ekā ca suṣumnā nāma puruṣasya hṛdayādviniḥsṛtāḥ nāḍyaḥ sirāḥ ; tāsāṃ madhye mūrdhānaṃ bhittvā abhiniḥsṛtā nirgatā ekā suṣumnā nāma | tayā antakāle hṛdaye ātmānaṃ vaśīkṛtya yojayet | tayā nāḍyā ūrdhvam upari āyan gacchan ādityadvāreṇa amṛtatvam amaraṇadharmatvamāpekṣikam-- ‘ābhūtasaṃplavaṃ sthānamamṛtatvaṃ hi bhāṣyate’ iti smṛteḥ-- brahmaṇā vā saha kālāntareṇa mukhyamamṛtatvameti bhuktvā bhogānanupamānbrahmalokagatān | viṣvaṅ nānāgatayaḥ anyā nāḍyaḥ utkramaṇe utkramaṇanimittaṃ bhavanti saṃsārapratipattyarthā eva bhavantītyarthaḥ ||
6.17
idānīṃ sarvavallyarthopasaṃhārārthamāha— aṅguṣṭhamātraḥ puruṣaḥ antarātmā sadā janānāṃ saṃbandhini hṛdaye saṃniviṣṭaḥ yathāvyākhyātaḥ ; taṃ svāt ātmīyāt śarīrāt pravṛhet udyacchet niṣkarṣet pṛthakkuryādityarthaḥ | kimiveti, ucyate— muñjādiveṣīkām antaḥsthāṃ dhairyeṇa apramādena | taṃ śarīrātniṣkṛṣṭaṃ cinmātraṃ vidyāt vijānīyāt śuklaṃ śuddham amṛtaṃ yathoktaṃ brahmeti | dvirvacanamupaniṣatparisamāptyartham , itiśabdaśca ||
6.18
vidyāstutyartho'yamākhyāyikārthopasaṃhāraḥ adhunocyate— mṛtyuproktām etāṃ yathoktāṃ brahmavidyāṃ yogavidhiṃ ca kṛtsnaṃ samastaṃ sopakaraṇaṃ saphalamityetat | naciketāḥ atha varapradānānmṛtyoḥ labdhvā prāpyetyarthaḥ | kim ? brahma prāpto'bhūt mukto'bhavadityarthaḥ | katham? vidyāprāptyā virajaḥ vigatarājāḥ vigatadharmādharmaḥ vimṛtyuḥ vigatakāmāvidyaśca san pūrvamityarthaḥ | na kevalaṃ naciketā eva, anyo'pi ya evaṃ naciketovadātmavit adhyātmameva nirupacaritaṃ pratyaksvarūpaṃ prāpyatattvamevetyabhiprāyaḥ | nānyadrūpamapratyagrūpam | tadevamadhyātmam evam uktena prakāreṇa veda vijānātīti evaṃvit, so'pi virajāḥ san brahma prāpya vimṛtyurbhavatīti vākyaśeṣaḥ ||
6.19
oṃ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ || iti ṣaṣṭhī vallī ||
Linked texts (1)
- Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit