Commentary of Śaṅkarācārya of Śaṅkarācārya
Commentary on Katha Upanishad (Kaṭhopaniṣad)
- Language
- Sanskrit
- Author
- Śaṅkarācārya
- Extent
- 111 passages, 6,522 words
- Text
- partly digitised
- Source
- archiveorg · Complete Works Of Sri Sankaracharya In The Original Sanskrit Vol.8 (commentaries On The Upanishads); Works of… · Scan of a printed edition hosted by the Internet Archive (archive.org); the ancient text is in the public…
Contents
Text
1.p1
punararthayogenopaniṣacchabdena vidyocyata iti, ucyate| ye mumukṣavo dṛṣṭānuśravikaviṣayavitṛṣṇāḥ santaḥ upaniṣacchabdavācyāṃ vakṣyamāṇalakṣaṇāṃ vidyāmupasadyopagamya tanniṣṭhatayā niścayena śīlayanti, teṣāmavidyādeḥ saṃsārabījasya viśaraṇāddhiṃsanādvināśādityanenārthayogena vidyopaniṣadityucyate | tathā ca vakṣyati ‘nicāyya taṃ mṛtyumukhātpramucyate’ iti| pūrvoktaviśeṣaṇānvā mumukṣūnparaṃ brahma gamayatīti ca brahmagamayitṛtvena yogādbrahmavidyā upaniṣat| tathā ca vakṣyati ‘brahma prāpto virajo'bhūdvimṛtyuḥ’ iti | lokādirbrahmajajño yo'gniḥ, tadviṣayāyā vidyāyā dvitīyena vareṇa prārthyamānāyāḥ svargalokaphalaprāptihetutvena garbhavāsajanmajarādyupadravavṛndasya lokāntare paunaḥpunyena pravṛttasyāvasādayitṛtvena śaithilyāpādanena dhātvarthayogādagnividyāpi upaniṣadityucyate | tathā ca vakṣyati ‘svargalokā amṛtatvaṃ bhajante’ ityādi | nanu copaniṣacchabdenādhyetāro granthamapyabhilapanti—upaniṣadamadhīmahe upaniṣadamadhyāpayāma iti ca | naiṣa doṣaḥ, avidyādisaṃsārahetuviśaraṇādeḥ sadidhātvarthasya granthamātre'saṃbhavādvidyāyāṃ ca saṃbhavāt granthasyāpi tādarthyena tacchabdatvopapatteḥ ‘āyurvai ghṛtam’ ityādivat| tasmādvidyāyāṃ mukhyayā vṛttyā upaniṣacchabdo vartate, granthe tu bhaktyeti | evamupaniṣannirvacanenaiva viśiṣṭo'dhikārī vidyāyām uktaḥ | viṣayaśca viśiṣṭa ukto vidyāyāḥ paraṃ brahma pratyagātmabhūtam | prayojanaṃ cāsyā ātyantikī saṃsāranivṛttirbrahmaprāptilakṣaṇā | saṃbandhaścaivaṃbhūtaprayojanenoktaḥ | ato yathoktādhikāriviṣayaprayojanasaṃbandhāyā vidyāyāḥ karatalanyastāmalakavatprakāśakatvena viśiṣṭādhikāriviṣayaprayojanasaṃbandhā etā vallyo bhavantīti | atastā yathāpratibhānaṃ vyācakṣmahe ||
1.1
tatrākhyāyikā vidyāstutyarthā | uśan kāmayamānaḥ | ha vai iti vṛttārthasmaraṇārtho nipātau | vājam annam, taddānādinimittaṃ śravo yaśo yasya saḥ vājaśravāḥ, rūḍhito vā; tasyāpatyaṃ vājaśravasaḥ | saḥ vājaśravasaḥ kila viśvajitā sarvamedheneje tatphalaṃ kāmayamānaḥ | saḥ tasminkratau sarvavedasaṃ sarvasvaṃ dhanaṃ dadau dattavān | tasya yajamānasya ha naciketā nāma putraḥ kila āsa babhūva ||
1.2
taṃ ha naciketasaṃ kumāraṃ prathamavayasaṃ santam aprāptaprajananaśaktiṃ bālameva śraddhā āstikyabuddhiḥ piturhitakāmaprayuktā āviveśa praviṣṭavatī | kasminkāle iti, āha— ṛtvigbhyaḥ sadasyebhyaśca dakṣiṇāsu nīyamānāsu vibhāgenopanīyamānāsu dakṣiṇārthāsu goṣu, saḥ āviṣṭaśraddho naciketāḥ amanyata ||
1.3
kathamiti, ucyate— pītodakā ityādinā dakṣiṇārthā gāvo viśeṣyante | pītamudakaṃ yābhistāḥ pītodakāḥ | jagdhaṃ bhakṣitaṃ tṛṇaṃ yābhistā jagdhatṛṇāḥ | dugdho dohaḥ kṣīrākhyo yāsāṃ tāḥ dugdhadohāḥ | nirindriyāḥ prajananasamarthāḥ jīrṇāḥ, niṣphalā gāva ityarthaḥ | yāstāḥ evaṃbhūtāḥ gāḥ ṛtvigbhyo dakṣiṇābuddhyā dadat prayacchan anandāḥ anānandāḥ asukhā nāmetyetat | ye te lokāḥ, tān saḥ yajamānaḥ gacchati ||
1.4
tadevaṃ ṛtvasaṃpattinimittaṃ pituraniṣṭaṃ phalaṃ putreṇa satā nivāraṇīyaṃ mayā ātmapradānenāpi ṛtusaṃpattiṃ kṛtvetyevaṃ manyamānaḥ pitaramupagamya sa hovāca pitaram— he tata tāta kasmai ṛtvigviśeṣāya dakṣiṇārthaṃ māṃ dāsyasīti prayacchasītyetat | sa evamuktena pitrā upekṣyamāṇo'pi dvitīyaṃ tṛtīyamapi uvāca— kasmai māṃ dāsyasi kasmai māṃ dāsyasīti | nāyaṃ kumārasvabhāva iti kruddhaḥ san pitā taṃ ha putraṃ kila uvāca mṛtyuve vaivasvatāya tvā tvāṃ dadāmīti ||
1.5
sa evamuktaḥ putraḥ ekānte paridevayāṃcakāra | kathamiti, ucyate— bahūnāṃ śiṣyāṇāṃ putrāṇāṃ vā emi gacchāmi prathamaḥ san mukhyayā śiṣyādivṛttyetyarthaḥ | madhyamānāṃ ca bahūnāṃ madhyamaḥ madhyamayaiva vṛttyā emi | nādhamayā kadācidapi | tamevaṃ viśiṣṭaguṇamapi putraṃ mām ‘mṛtyave tvā dadāmi’ ityuktavān pitā | saḥ kiṃsvit yamasya kartavyaṃ prayojanaṃ mayā pradattena kariṣyati yatkartavyam adya? nūnaṃ prayojanamanapekṣyaiva krodhavaśāduktavān pitā | tathāpi tatpiturvaco mṛṣā mā bhūditi ||
1.6
evaṃ matvā paridevanāpūrvakamāha pitaraṃ śokāviṣṭaṃ kiṃ mayoktamiti— anupaśya ālocaya vibhāvayānukrameṇa yathā yena prakāreṇa vṛttāḥ pūrve atikrāntāḥ pitṛpitāmahādayastava | tāndṛṣṭvā ca teṣāṃ vṛttamāsthātumarhasi | vartamānāśca apare sādhavo yathā vartante tāṃśca tathā pratipaśya ālocaya | na ca teṣāṃ mṛṣākaraṇaṃ vṛttaṃ vartamānaṃ vā asti | tadviparītamasatāṃ ca vṛttaṃ mṛṣākaraṇam | na ca mṛṣābhūtaṃ kṛtvā kaścidajarāmaro bhavati ; yataḥ sasyamiva martyaḥ manuṣyaḥ pacyate jīrṇo mriyate, mṛtvā ca sasyamiva ājāyate āvirbhavati punaḥ ; evamanitye jīvaloke kiṃ mṛṣākaraṇena ? pālayātmanaḥ satyam | preṣaya māṃ yamāyetyabhiprāyaḥ ||
1.7
sa evamuktaḥ pitā ātmanaḥ satyatāyai preṣayāmāsa | sa ca yamabhavanaṃ gatvā tisro rātrīruvāsa yame proṣite | proṣyāgataṃ yamam amātyā bhāryā vā ūcurbodhayantaḥ — vaiśvānaraḥ agnireva sākṣāt praviśati atithiḥ san brāhmaṇaḥ gṛhān dahanniva | tasya dāhaṃ śamayanta ivāgneḥ etāṃ pādyāsanādidānalakṣaṇāṃ śāntiṃ kurvanti santo'titheryataḥ, ataḥ hara āhara he vaivasvata, udakaṃ naciketase pādyārtham ||
1.8
yataścākaraṇe pratyavāyaḥ śrūyate— āśāpratīkṣe, anirjñātaprāpyeṣṭārthaprārthanā āśā, nirjñātaprāpyārthapratīkṣaṇaṃ pratīkṣā, te āśāpratīkṣe ; saṃgataṃ satsaṃyogajaṃ phalam , sūnṛtāṃ ca sūnṛtā hi priyā vāk tannimittaṃ ca, iṣṭāpūrte iṣṭaṃ yāgajaṃ phalaṃ pūrtam ārāmādikriyājaṃ phalam , putrapaśūṃśca putrāṃśca paśūṃśca sarvān , etat sarvaṃ yathoktaṃ vṛṅkte varjayati vināśayatītyetat | puruṣasya alpamedhasaḥ alpaprajñasya, yasya anaśnan abhuñjānaḥ brāhmaṇaḥ gṛhe vasati | tasmādanupekṣaṇīyaḥ sarvāvasthāsvapyatithirityarthaḥ ||
1.9
evamukto mṛtyuruvāca naciketasamupagamya pūjāpuraḥsaram— tisraḥ rātrīḥ yat yasmāt avātsīḥ uṣitavānasi gṛhe me mama anaśnan he brahman atithiḥ san namasyaḥ namaskārārhaśca, tasmāt namaḥ te tubhyam astu bhavatu | he brahman svasti bhadraṃ me astu | tasmāt bhavato'naśanena madgṛhavāsanimittāddoṣāt | tatprāptyupaśamena yadyapi bhavadanugraheṇa sarvaṃ mama svasti syāt, tathāpi tvadadhikasaṃprasādanārthamanaśanenoṣitāmekaikāṃ rātriṃ prati trīn varān vṛṇīṣva abhipretārthaviṣayānprārthayasva mattaḥ ||
1.10
naciketāstvāha—yadi ditsurvarān, śāntasaṃkalpaḥ upaśāntaḥ saṃkalpo yasya māṃ prati ‘yamaṃ prāpya kiṃ nu kariṣyati mama putraḥ’ iti, saḥ śāntasaṃkalpaḥ sumanāḥ prasannacittaśca yathā syāt vītamanyuḥ vigataroṣaśca gautamaḥ mama pitā mā abhi māṃ prati he mṛtyo ; kiṃca, tvatprasṛṣṭaṃ tvayā vinirmuktaṃ preṣitaṃ gṛhaṃ prati mā mām abhivadet pratītaḥ labdhasmṛtiḥ, ‘sa evāyaṃ putro mamāgataḥ’ ityevaṃ pratyabhijānannityarthaḥ | etatprayojanaṃ trayāṇāṃ varāṇāṃ prathamam ādyaṃ varaṃ vṛṇe prārthaye yatpituḥ paritoṣaṇam ||
1.11
mṛtyuruvāca — yathā buddhiḥ tvayi purastāt pūrvam āsītsnehasamanvitā pitustava, bhavitā prītisamanvitastava pitā tathaiva pratītaḥ prītavānsan | auddālakiḥ uddālaka eva auddālakiḥ aruṇasyāpatyam āruṇiḥ dvyāmuṣyāyaṇo vā matprasṛṣṭaḥ mayānujñātaḥ san uttarā api rātrīḥ sukhaṃ prasannamanāḥ śayitā svaptā vītamanyuḥ vigatamanyuśca bhavitā syāt, tvāṃ putraṃ dadṛśivān dṛṣṭavān san mṛtyumukhāt mṛtyugocarāt pramuktaṃ santam ||
1.12
naciketā uvāca-- svarge loke rogādinimittaṃ bhayaṃ kiṃcana kiṃcidapi nāsti | na ca tatra tvaṃ mṛtyo sahasā prabhavasi, ato jarayā yukta iha loka iva tvatto na bibheti kaścittatra | kiṃ ca ubhe aśanāyāpipāse tīrtvā atikramya śokamatītya gacchatīti śokātigaḥ san mānasena duḥkhena varjitaḥ modate hṛṣyati svargaloke divi ||
1.13
evaṃguṇaviśiṣṭasya svargalokasya prāptisādhanabhūtam agniṃ svargyaṃ sa tvaṃ mṛtyuḥ adhyeṣi smarasi, jānāsītyarthaḥ | he mṛtyo, yataḥ taṃ prabrūhi kathaya śraddadhānāya śraddhāvate mahyaṃ svargārthine | yenāgninā citena svargalokāḥ svargo loko yeṣāṃ te svargalokāḥ yajamānāḥ amṛtatvam amaraṇatāṃ devatvaṃ bhajante prāpnuvanti, tat etat agnivijñānaṃ dvitīyena vareṇa vṛṇe ||
1.14
mṛlyoḥ pratijñeyam— te tubhyaṃ prabravīmi ; yattvayā prārthitaṃ tat u me mama vacasaḥ nibodha budhyasva ekāgramanāḥ san | svargyaṃ svargāya hitaṃ svargasādhanam agniṃ he naciketaḥ prajānan vijñātavānsannahamityarthaḥ | prabravīmi tannibodheti ca śiṣyabuddhisamādhānārthaṃ vacanam | adhunāgniṃ stauti—anantalokāptiṃ svargalokaphalaprāptisādhanamityetat, atho api pratiṣṭhāṃ āśrayaṃ jagato virāṭsa্বরূপeṇa, tam etam agniṃ mayocyamānaṃ viddhi vijānīhi tvaṃ nihitaṃ sthitaṃ guhāyām | viduṣāṃ buddhau niviṣṭamityarthaḥ ||
1.15
idaṃ śrutervacanam— lokādiṃ lokānāmādiṃ prathamaśarīritvāt agniṃ taṃ prakṛtaṃ naciketasā prārthitam uvāca uktavānmṛtyuḥ tasmai naciketase | kiṃca, yāḥ iṣṭakāḥ cetavyāḥ svarūpeṇa yāvatīrvā saṃkhyayā yathā vā cīyate'gniryaina prakāreṇa sarvametaduktavānityarthaḥ | sa cāpi naciketāḥ tat mṛtyunoktaṃ pratyavadat yathāvatpratyayenāvadat pratyuccāritavān | atha asya pratyuccāraṇena tuṣṭaḥ san mṛtyuḥ punarevāha varatrayavyatirekeṇānyaṃ varaṃ ditsuḥ ||
1.16
katham ? taṃ naciketasam abravīt prīyamāṇaḥ śiṣyasya yogyatāṃ paśyanprīyamāṇaḥ prītimanubhavan mahātmā akṣudrabuddhiḥ varaṃ tava caturtham iha prītinimittam adya idānīṃ dadāmi bhūyaḥ punaḥ prayacchāmi | tavaiva naciketasaḥ nāmnā abhidhānena prasiddhaḥ bhavitā mayocyamānaḥ ayam agniḥ | kiṃca, sṛṅkāṃ śabdavatīṃ ratnamayīṃ mālām imām anekarūpāṃ vicitrāṃ gṛhāṇa svīkuru | yadvā, sṛṅkām akutsitāṃ gatiṃ karmamayīṃ gṛhāṇa | anyadapi karmavijñānamanekaphalahetutvātsvīkurvityarthaḥ ||
punarapi karmastutimevāha— triṇāciketaḥ triḥ kṛtvā nāciketo'gniścito yena saḥ triṇāciketaḥ ; tadvijñānavānvā | tribhiḥ mātṛpitrācāryaiḥ etya prāpya saṃdhiṃ saṃdhānaṃ saṃbandham , mātrādyanuśāsanaṃ yathāvatprāpyetyetat | taddhi prāmāṇyakāraṇaṃ śrutyantarādavagamyate ‘yathā mātṛmānpitṛmān’ ityādeḥ | vedasmṛtiśiṣṭairvā pratyakṣānumānāgamairvā | tebhyo hi viśuddhiḥ pratyakṣā | trikarmakṛt ijyādhyayanadānānāṃ kartā tarati atikrāmati janmamṛtyū | kiṃca, brahmajajñam, brahmaṇo hiraṇyagarbhājjāto brahmajaḥ brahmajaścāsau jñaśceti brahmajajñaḥ | sarvajño hyasau | taṃ devaṃ dyotanājjñānādiguṇavantam, īḍyaṃ stutyaṃ viditvā śāstrataḥ, nicāyya dṛṣṭvā cātmabhāvena imāṃ svabuddhipratyakṣāṃ śāntim uparatim atyantam eti atiśayenaiti | vairājaṃ padaṃ jñānakarmasamuccayānuṣṭhānena prāpnotītyarthaḥ ||
1.18
idānīmagnivijñānacayanaphalamupasaṃharati, prakaraṇaṃ ca— triṇāciketaḥ trayaṃ yathoktam ‘yā iṣṭakā yāvatīrvā yathā vā’ iti | etat viditvā avagamya yaśca evam ātmasvarūpeṇa agniṃ vidvān cinute nirvartayati nāciketamagniṃ kratum, saḥ mṛtyupāśān adharmājñānarāgadveṣādilakṣaṇān purataḥ agrataḥ, pūrvameva śarīrapātādityarthaḥ, praṇodya apahāya, śokātigaḥ mānasairduḥkhairvigata ityetat, modate svargaloke vairāje virāḍātmasvarūpapratipattyā ||
1.19
eṣaḥ te tubhyam agniḥ varaḥ he naciketaḥ, svargyaḥ svargasādhanaḥ, yam agniṃ varam avṛṇīthāḥ vṛtavān prārthitavānasi dvitīyena vareṇa, so'gnirvaro datta ityuktopasaṃhāraḥ | kiṃca, etam agniṃ tavaiva nāmnā pravakṣyanti janāsaḥ janā ityetat | eṣa varo datto mayā caturthastuṣṭena | tṛtīyaṃ varaṃ naciketaḥ vṛṇīṣva | tasmindyadatte ṛṇavānevāhamityabhiprāyaḥ ||
1.20
etāvaddhatikrāntena vidhipratiṣedhārthena mantrabrāhmaṇenāvagantavyaṃ yadvaradvayasūcitaṃ vastu nātmatattvaviṣayayāthātmyavijñānam | ato vidhipratiṣedhārthaviṣayasya ātmani kriyākārakaphalādhyāropaṇalakṣaṇasya svābhāvikasyājñānasya saṃsārabījasya nivṛttyarthaṃ tadviparītabrahmātmaikatvavijñānaṃ kriyākārakaphalādhyāropaṇaśūnyamātyantikaniḥśreyasaprayojanaṃ vaktavyamityuttaro grantha ārabhyate | tametamarthaṃ dvitīyavaraprāptyāpyakṛtārthatvaṃ tṛtīyavaragocaramātmajñānamantareṇetyākhyāyikayā prapañcayati | yataḥ pūrvasmātkarmagocarātsādhyasādhanalakṣaṇādanityādviraktasyātmajñāne'dhikāra iti tannindārthaṃ putrādyupanyāsena pralobhanaṃ kriyate | naciketā uvāca ‘tṛtīyaṃ varaṃ naciketo vṛṇīṣva' ityuktaḥ san — yeyaṃ vicikitsā saṃśayaḥ prete mṛte manuṣye, asti ityeke asti śarīrendriyamanobuddhivyatirikto dehāntarasaṃbandhyātmā ityeke manyante, nāyamasti iti caike nāyamevaṃvidho'stīti caike | atra cāsmākaṃ na pratyakṣeṇa nāpyanumānena nirṇayavijñānam | etadvijñānādhīno hi paraḥ puruṣārtha iyataḥ etat vidyāṃ vijānīyām aham anuśiṣṭaḥ jñāpitaḥ tvayā | varāṇāmeṣa varastṛtīyo'vaśiṣṭaḥ ||
1.21
kimayamraikāntato niḥśreyasasādhanātmajñānārho na vetyetatparīkṣaṇārthamāha—devairapi atra etasminvastuni vicikitsitaṃ saṃśayitaṃ purā pūrvam | na hi suvijñeyaṃ suṣṭhu vijñeyam asakṛcchrrutamapi prākṛtairjanaiḥ, yataḥ aṇuḥ sūkṣmaḥ eṣaḥ ātmākhyaḥ dharmaḥ | ataḥ anyam asaṃdigdhaphalaṃ varaṃ naciketaḥ, vṛṇīṣva | mā māṃ mā uparotsīḥ uparodhaṃ mā kārṣīḥ adhamarṇamivottamarṇaḥ | atisṛja vimuñca enaṃ varaṃ mā māṃ prati ||
1.22
evamukto naciketā āha— devairatrāpi vicikitsitaṃ kileti bhavata eva naḥ śrutam | tvaṃ ca mṛtyo, yat yasmāt na sujñeyam ātmatattvam āttha kathayasi | ataḥ paṇḍitairapyavednīyatvāt vaktā ca asya dharmasya tvādṛk tvattulyaḥ anyaḥ paṇḍitaśca na labhyaḥ anviṣyamāṇo'pi | ayaṃ tu varo niḥśreyasaprāptihetuḥ | ataḥ na anyaḥ varaḥ tulyaḥ sadṛśaḥ asti etasya kaścidapi | anityaphalatvādanyasya sarvasyaivetyabhiprāyaḥ ||
evamukto'pi punaḥ pralobhayannuvāca mṛtyuḥ— śatāyuṣaḥ śataṃ varṣāṇi āyūṃṣi yeṣāṃ tān śatāyuṣaḥ putrapautrān vṛṇīṣva | kiṃca, gavādilakṣaṇān bahūn paśūn hastihiraṇyam, hastī ca hiraṇyaṃ ca hastihiraṇyam, aśvāṃśca | kiṃca, bhūmeḥ pṛthivyāḥ mahat vistīrṇam āyatanam āśrayaṃ maṇḍalaṃ sāmrājyaṃ vṛṇīṣva | kiṃca, sarvamapyetadanarthakaṃ svayaṃ cedalpāyurityata āha— svayaṃ ca tvaṃ jīva dhāraya śarīraṃ samagrendriyakalāpaṃ śaradaḥ varṣāṇi yāvat icchasi jīvitum ||
1.24
etattulyam etena yathopadiṣṭena sadṛśam anyamapi yadi manyase varam, tamapi vṛṇīṣva | kiṃca, vittaṃ prabhūtaṃ hiraṇyaratnādi cirajīvikāṃ ca saha vittena vṛṇīṣvetyetat | kiṃ bahunā ? mahābhūmau mahatyāṃ bhūmau rājā naciketaḥ tvam edhi bhava | kiṃcānyat, kāmānāṃ divyānāṃ mānuṣāṇāṃ ca tvā tvāṃ kāmabhājaṃ kāmabhāginaṃ kāmārhaṃ karomi, satyasaṃkalpo hyahaṃ devaḥ ||
1.25
ye ye kāmāḥ prārthanīyāḥ durlabhāśca martyaloke, sarvān tān kāmān chandataḥ icchāttaḥ prārthayasva | kiṃca, imāḥ divyā apsarasaḥ, ramayanti puruṣāniti rāmāḥ, saha rathairvartanta iti sarathāḥ, satūryāḥ savāditrāḥ, tāśca na hi lambhanīyāḥ prāpaṇīyāḥ īdṛśāḥ evaṃvidhāḥ manuṣyaiḥ martyaiḥ asmadādiprasādamantareṇa | ābhiḥ matprattābhiḥ mayā pradattābhiḥ paricārikābhiḥ paricārayasva ātmānam, pādaprakṣālanādiśuśrūṣāṃ kārayātmana ityarthaḥ | he naciketaḥ, maraṇaṃ maraṇasaṃbaddhaṃ praśnaṃ pretyāsti nāstīti kākadantaparīkṣārūpaṃ mā anuprākṣīḥ maivaṃ praṣṭumarhasi ||
1.26
mṛtyunā evaṃ pralobhyamāno'pi naciketā mahāhradavadakṣobhya āha—śvo bhaviṣyanti na veti saṃdigdhamāna eva yeṣāṃ bhāvo bhavanaṃ tvayopanyastānāṃ bhogānāṃ te śvobhāvāḥ | kiṃca, martyasya manuṣyasya antaka he mṛtyo, yat etat sarvendriyāṇāṃ tejaḥ tat jarayanti apakṣapayanti | apsaraḥprabhṛtayo bhogā anarthāyaivaite, dharmavīryaprajñātejoyaśaḥprabhṛtīnāṃ kṣapayitṛtvāt | yāṃ cāpi dīrghajīvikāṃ tvaṃ ditsasi tatrāpi śṛṇu | sarvaṃ yadbrahmaṇo'pi jīvitam āyuḥ alpameva, kimutāsmadādidīrghajīvikā | ataḥ tavaiva tiṣṭhantu vāhāḥ rathādayaḥ, tathā tava nṛtyagīte ca ||
1.27
kiṃca, na prabhūtena vittena tarpaṇīyo manuṣyaḥ | na hi loke vittalābhaḥ kasyacittṛptikaro dṛṣṭaḥ | yadi nāmāsmākaṃ vittatṛṣṇā syāt, lapsyāmahe prāpsyāmahe vittam, adrākṣma dṛṣṭavanto vayaṃ cet tvā tvām | jīvitamapi tathaivajīviṣyāmaḥ yāvat yāmye pade tvam īśiṣyasi īśiṣyase prabhuḥ syāḥ | kathaṃ hi martyastvayā sametyālpadhanāyurbhavet ? varastu me varaṇīyaḥ sa eva yadātmavijñānam ||
1.28
yataśca ajīryatāṃ vayohānimaprāpnuvatām amṛtānāṃ sakāśam upetya upagamya ātmana utkṛṣṭaṃ prayojanāntaraṃ prāptavyaṃ tebhyaḥ prajānan upalabhamānaḥ svayaṃ tu jīryan martyaḥ jarāmaraṇavān kvadhaḥsthaḥ kuḥ pṛthivī adhaścāsāvantarikṣādilokāpekṣayā tasyāṃ tiṣṭhatīti kvadhaḥsthaḥ san kathamevamavivekibhiḥ prārthanīyaṃ putravittādyasthiraṃ vṛṇīte | ‘ka tadāsthaḥ’ iti vā pāṭhāntaram | asminpakṣe caivamakṣarayojanā- teṣu putrādiṣu āsthā āsthitiḥ tātparyeṇa vartanaṃ yasya sa tadāsthaḥ | tato'dhikataraṃ puruṣārthaṃ duṣprāpamapi abhiprepsuḥ ka tadāstho bhavet ? na kaścittadasārajñastadarthī syādityarthaḥ | sarvo hyuparyuparyyeva bubhūṣati lokaḥ | tasmānna putravittādilobhaiḥ pralobhyo'ham | kiṃca, apsaraḥpramukhān varṇaratipramodān anavasthitarūpatayā abhidhyāyan nirūpayan yathāvat atidīrghe jīvite kaḥ vivekī rameta ||
1.29
ato vihāyānityaiḥ kāmaiḥ pralobhanam, yanmayā prārthitaṃ yasmin prete idaṃ vicikitsanaṃ vicikitsanti asti nāstītyevaṃprakāraṃ he mṛtyo, sāṃparāye paralokaviṣaye mahati mahatprayojananimitte ātmano nirṇayavijñānaṃ yat, tat brūhi kathaya naḥ asmabhyam | kiṃ bahunā, yo'yaṃ prakṛta ātmaviṣayaḥ varaḥ gūḍhaṃ gahanaṃ durvi Detectṇaṃ prāptaḥ anupraviṣṭaḥ, tasmāt varāt anyam avivekabhiḥ prārthanīyamanityaviṣayaṃ varaṃ naciketāḥ na vṛṇīte manasāpi iti śrutervacanamiti || iti prathamavallībhāṣyam ||
2.p1
parīkṣya śiṣyaṃ vidyāyogyatāṃ cāvagamyāha— anyat pṛthageva śreyaḥ niḥśreyasaṃ tathā anyat utaiva api ca preyaḥ priyataramapi te śreyaḥpreyasī ubhe nānārthe bhinnaprayojane satī puruṣam adhikṛtaṃ varṇāśramādiviśiṣṭaṃ sinītaḥ badhnītaḥ | tābhyāṃ vidyāvidyābhyāmātmakartavyatayā prayujyate sarvaḥ puruṣaḥ | preyaḥśreyasorhi abhyudayāmṛtatvārthī puruṣaḥ pravartate | ataḥ śreyaḥpreyaḥprayojanakartavyatayā tābhyāṃ baddha ityucyate sarvaḥ puruṣaḥ | te yadyapyekaikapuruṣārthasaṃbandhinī vidyāvidyārūpatvādviruddhe ityanyatarāparityāgenaikena puruṣeṇa sahānuṣṭhātumaśakyatvāttayoḥ hitvā avidyārūpaṃ preyaḥ, śreya eva kevalam ādadānasya upādānaṃ kurvataḥ sādhu śobhanaṃ śivaṃ bhavati | yastvadūradarśī vimūḍho hīyate viyujyate arthāt puruṣārthātpāramārthikātprayojanānnityāt pracyavata ityarthaḥ | ko'sau ? ya u preyaḥ vṛṇīte upādatte ityetat ||
2.2
yadyubhe api kartuṃ svāyatte puruṣeṇa, kimarthaṃ preya evādatte bāhulyena loka iti, ucyate| satyaṃ svāyatte ; tathāpi sādhanataḥ phalataśca mandabuddhīnāṃ durvivekarūpe satī vyāmiśrībhūte iva manuṣyaṃ puruṣam ā itaḥ etaḥ prāpnutaḥ śreyaśca preyaśca | ato haṃsa ivāmbhasaḥ payaḥ, tau śreyaḥpreyaḥpadārthau saṃparītya samyakparigamya manasā ālocya gurulāghavaṃ vivinakti pṛthakkaroti dhīraḥ dhīmān | vivicya ca śreyo hi śreya eva abhivṛṇīte preyaso'bhyarhitatvācchreyasaḥ | ko'sau ? dhīraḥ | yastu mandaḥ alpabuddhiḥ saḥ sadasadvivekāsāmarthyāt yogakṣemāt yogakṣemanimittaṃ śarīrādyupacayarakṣaṇanimittamityetat | preyaḥ paśuputrādilakṣaṇaṃ vṛṇīte ||
2.3
sa tvaṃ punaḥ punaḥ mayā pralobhyamāno'pi priyān putrādīn priyarūpāṃśca apsaraḥprabhṛtilakṣaṇān kāmān abhidhyāyan cintayan teṣāmanityatvāsāratvādikṣān he naciketaḥ, atyasrākṣīḥ atisṛṣṭavān parityaktavānasi ; aho buddhimattā tava | na etām avāptavānasi sṛṅkāṃ sṛtiṃ kutsitāṃ mūḍhajanapravṛttāṃ vittamayīṃ dhanaprāyām ; yasyāṃ mṛtau majjanti sīdanti bahavaḥ aneke mūḍhā manuṣyāḥ ||
2.4
'tayoḥ śreya ādadānasya sādhu bhavati hīyate'rthādya u preyo vṛṇīte' iti hyuktam ; tatkasmāt ? yataḥ dūraṃ dūreṇa mahatāntareṇa ete viparīte anyonyavyāvṛttarūpe vivekāvivekātmakatvāt tamaḥprakāśāviva viṣūcī viṣūcyau nānāgatī bhinnaphale saṃsāramokṣahetutvenetyetat | ke te iti, ucyate | yā ca avidyā preyoviṣayā vidyeti ca śreyoviṣayā jñātā nirjñātā avagatā paṇḍitaiḥ | tatra vidyābhīpsinaṃ vidyārthinaṃ naciketasaṃ tvāmahaṃ manye | kasmāt ? yasmādavidvadbuddhipralobhinaḥ kāmāḥ apsaraḥprabhṛtayaḥ bahavo'pi tvā tvāṃ na alolupanta na vicchedaṃ kṛtavantaḥ śreyomārgādātmopabhogābhivāñchāsaṃpādanena | ato vidyārthinaṃ śreyobhājanaṃ manye ityabhiprāyaḥ ||
2.5
ye tu saṃsārabhājo janāḥ, avidyāyām antare madhye ghanībhūta iva tamasi vartamānāḥ veṣṭyamānāḥ putrapaśvāditṛṣṇāpāśaśataiḥ, svayaṃ dhīrāḥ prajñāvantaḥ paṇḍitāḥ śāstrakuśalāśceti manyamānāḥ te dandramyamāṇāḥ atyarthaṃ kuṭilāmanekarūpāṃ gatiṃ gacchantaḥ jarāmaraṇarogādiduḥkhaiḥ pariyanti parigacchanti mūḍhāḥ avivekinaḥ andhenaiva dṛṣṭivikalenaiva nīyamānāḥ viṣame pathi yathā bahavaḥ andhāḥ mahāntamanarthamṛcchanti, tadvat ||
2.6
ata eva mūḍhatvān na sāṃparāyaḥ pratibhāti | saṃpareyata iti saṃkarāyaḥ paralokaḥ, tatprāptiprayojanaḥ sādhanaviśeṣaḥ śāstrīyaḥ sāṃparāyaḥ | sa ca bālam avivekinaṃ prati na pratibhāti na prakāśate nopatiṣṭhata ityetat | pramādyantaṃ pramādaṃ kurvantaṃ putrapaśvādiprayojaneṣvāsaktamanasaṃ tathā vittamohena vittanimittenāvivekena mūḍhaṃ tamasācchannam | sa tu ayameva lokaḥ yo'yaṃ dṛśyamānaḥ stryannapānādiviśiṣṭaḥ nāsti paraḥ adṛṣṭo lokaḥ ityevaṃ mananaśīlaḥ mānī punaḥ punaḥ janitvā vaśam adhīnatām āpadyate me mṛtyormama | jananamaraṇadilakṣaṇaduḥkhaprabandhārūḍha eva bhavatītyarthaḥ ||
2.7
prāyeṇa hyevaṃvidha eva lokaḥ | yastu śreyorthī sa sahasreṣu kaścidevātmavidbhavati tvadvidhaḥ yasmāt śravaṇāyāpi śravaṇārthaṃ śrotumapi yaḥ na labhyaḥ ātmā bahubhiḥ anekaiḥ, śṛṇvanto'pi bahavaḥ aneke anye yam ātmānaṃ na vidyuḥ na vidanti abhāginaḥ asaṃskṛtātmāno na vijānīyuḥ | kiṃca, asya vaktāpi āścaryaḥ adbhutavadeva, anekeṣu kaścideva bhavati | tathā śrutvāpi asya ātmanaḥ kuśalaḥ nipuṇa evānekeṣu labdhā kaścideva bhavati | yasmāt āścaryaḥ jñātā kaścideva kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ kuśalena nipuṇenācāryeṇānuśiṣṭaḥ san ||
2.8
kasmāt ? na hi nareṇa manuṣyeṇa avareṇa proktaḥ avareṇa hīnena prākṛtabuddhinetyetat | uktaḥ eṣaḥ ātmā yaṃ tvaṃ māṃ pṛcchasi | na hi suṣṭhu samyak vijñeyaḥ vijñātuṃ śakyaḥ yasmāt bahudhā asti nāsti kartākartā śuddho'śuddha ityādyanekadhā cintyamānaḥ vādibhiḥ | kathaṃ punaḥ suvijñeya iti, ucyate—ananyaprokte ananyena apṛthagdarśinācāryeṇa pratipādyabrahmātmabhūtena prokte ukte ātmani gatiḥ, anekadhā astināstītyādilakṣaṇā cintā gatiḥ, atra asminnātmani nāsti na vidyate sarvavikalpagatipratyastamitarūpatvādātmanaḥ | athavā svātmabhūte ananyasmin ātmani prokte ananyaprokte gatiḥ atra anyāvagatirnāsti jñeyasyānyasyābhāvāt | jñānasya hyeṣā parā niṣṭhā yadātmaikatvavijñānam | ataḥ gantavyābhāvānna gatiratrāvaśiṣyate saṃsāragatirvātra nāstyananya ātmani prokte nāntarīyakatvāttadvijñānaphalasya mokṣasya | athavā procyamānabrahmātmabhūtenācāryeṇa ananyatayā prokte ātmani agatiḥ anavabodho'parijñānamatra nāsti | bhavatyevāvagatistadviṣayā śrotustadananyo'hamityācāryasyevetyarthaḥ | evaṃ suvijñeya ātmā āgamavatācāryeṇānanyatayā proktaḥ | itarathā aṇīyān aṇutaraḥ aṇupramāṇādapi saṃpadyata ātmā | atarkyam atarkyaḥ, aṇupramāṇo na tarkyaḥ svabuddhyabhyūhena kevalena tarkeṇa | tarkyamāṇe'ṇuparimāṇe kenacitsthāpite ātmani tato'ṇutaramanyo'bhyūhati tato'pyanyo'ṇutaramiti | na hi tarkasya niṣṭhā kvacidvidyate ||
2.9
ato'nanyaprokta ātmanyutpannā yeyamāgamaprabhavā matiḥ, naiṣā tarkeṇa svabuddhyabhyūhamātreṇa āpaneyā nāpanīyā na prāpaṇīyetyarthaḥ ; nāpanetavyā vā ; nopahantavyā | tārkiko hyanāgamajñaḥ svabuddhiparikalpitaṃ yatkiṃcideva kalpayati | ata eva ca yeyamāgamaprabhūtā matiḥ anyenaiva āgamābhijñenācāryeṇaiva tārkikāt, proktā satī sujñānāya bhavati he preṣṭha priyatama | kā punaḥ sā tarkāgamyā matiḥ iti, ucyate— yāṃ tvaṃ matiṃ madvarapradānena āpaḥ prāptavānasi | satyā avitathaviṣayā dhṛtiryasya tava sa tvaṃ satyadhṛtiḥ | batāsītyanukampayannāha mṛtyurnaciketasaṃ vakṣyamāṇavijñānastutaye | tvādṛk tvattulyaḥ naḥ asmabhyaṃ bhūyāt bhavatāt | bhavatvanyaḥ putraḥ śiṣyo vā praṣṭā | kīdṛk ? yādṛktvaṃ he naciketaḥ praṣṭā ||
punarapi tuṣṭa āha — jānāmyahaṃ śevadhiḥ nidhiḥ karmaphalalakṣaṇaḥ nidhiriva prārthyata iti | asau anityam anitya iti jānāmi | na hi yasmāt anityaiḥ adhruvaiḥ yat nityaṃ dhruvam, tat prāpyate paramātmākhyaḥ śevadhiḥ | yastvanityasukhātmakaḥ śevadhiḥ, sa evānityairdravyaiḥ prāpyate hi yataḥ, tataḥ tasmāt mayā jānatāpi nityamanityasādhanaiḥ prāpyata iti nāciketaḥ citaḥ agniḥ anityaiḥ dravyaiḥ paśvādibhiḥ svargasukhasādhanabhūto'gniḥ nirvartita ityarthaḥ | tenāhamadhikārāpanno nityaṃ yāmyaṃ sthānaṃ svargākhyaṃ nityamāpekṣikaṃ prāptavānasmi ||
2.11
tvaṃ tu kāmasya āptiṃ samāptim, atra hi sarve kāmāḥ parisamāptāḥ, jagataḥ sādhyātmadhibhūtādhidaivādeḥ pratiṣṭhām āśrayaṃ sarvātmakatvāt, kratoḥ upāsanāyāḥ phalaṃ hairaṇyagarbhaṃ padam, anantyam ānantyam, abhayasya ca pāraṃ parāṃ niṣṭhāṃ, stomaṃ stutyaṃ mahat aṇimādyaiśvaryādyanekaguṇasaṃhatam, stomaṃ ca tanmahacca niratiśayatvāt stomamahat, urugāyaṃ vistīrṇāṃ gatim, pratiṣṭhāṃ sthitimātmano'nuttamāmapi dṛṣṭvā dhṛtyā dhairyeṇa dhīraḥ naciketaḥ, dhīmān buddhimānsan atyastrākṣīḥ paramevākāṅkṣannatisṛṣṭavānasi sarvametatsaṃṃsārabhogajātam | aho batānuttamaguṇo'si ||
2.12
yaṃ tvaṃ jñātumicchasyātmānaṃ taṃ durdarśaṃ duḥkhena darśanamasyeti durdarśaḥ atisūkṣmatvāt tam, gūḍhaṃ gahanam, anupraviṣṭaṃ prākṛtaviṣayavijñānaiḥ pracchannamityetat | guhāhitaṃ guhāyāṃ buddhau hitaṃ nihitaṃ sthitaṃ tatropalabhyamānatvāt | gahvareṣṭhaṃ gahvare viṣame
anekānarthasaṃkaṭe tiṣṭhatīti gahvareṣṭham | yata evaṃ gūḍhamanupraviṣṭo guhāhitaśca, ato'sau gahvareṣṭhaḥ ; ataḥ durdarśaḥ | taṃ purāṇaṃ purātanam adhyātmayogādhigamena viṣayebhyaḥ pratisaṃhṛtya cetasa ātmani samādhānamadhyātmayogaḥ tasyādhigamaḥ prāptiḥ tena matvā devam ātmānaṃ dhīraḥ harṣaśokau ātmana utkarṣāpakarṣayorabhāvāt jahāti ||
2.13
kiṃca, etadātmatattvaṃ yadahaṃ vakṣyāmi, tacchrutvā ācāryasakāśāt samyagātmabhāvena parigṛhya upādāya martyaḥ maraṇadharmā dharmādanapetaṃ dharmyaṃ pravṛhya udyamya pṛthakkṛtya śarīrādeḥ aṇuṃ sūkṣmam etam ātmānam āpya prāpya saḥ martyaḥ vidvān modate modanīyaṃ hi harṣaṇīyamātmānaṃ labdhvā | tadetadevaṃvidhaṃ brahma sadma bhavanaṃ naciketasaṃ tvāṃ pratyapāvṛtadvāraṃ vivṛtam abhimukhībhūtaṃ manye, mokṣārhaṃ tvāṃ manye ityabhiprāyaḥ ||
2.14
etacchrutvā naciketāḥ punarāha— yadyahaṃ yogyaḥ, prasannaścāsi bhagavan, māṃ prati anyatra dharmāt śāstrīyāddharmānuṣṭhānāttatphalāttatkārakebhyaśca pṛthagbhūtamityarthaḥ | tathā anyatra adharmāt vihitākaraṇarūpāt pāpāt, tathā anyatrāsmātkṛtākṛtāt, kṛtaṃ kāryamakṛtaṃ kāraṇamasmādanyatra | kiṃca, anyatra bhūtācca atikrāntātkālāt bhavyācca bhaviṣyataśca tathā anyatra vartamānāt | kālatrayeṇa yanna paricchidyata ityarthaḥ | yadīdṛśaṃ vastu sarvavyavahāragocarātītaṃ paśyasi jānāsi tadvada mahyam ||
ityevaṃ pṛṣṭvate mṛtyuruvāca, pṛṣṭaṃ vastu viśeṣaṇāntaraṃ ca vivakṣan | sarve vedā yatpadaṃ padanīyaṃ gamanīyam avibhāgena avirodhena āmananti pratipādayanti, tapāṃsi sarvāṇi ca yadvadanti yatprāptyarthānītyarthaḥ | yadicchanto brahmacaryaṃ gurukulavāsalakṣaṇamanyadvā brahmaprāptyarthaṃ caranti, tat te tubhyaṃ padaṃ yajjñātumicchasi saṃgraheṇa saṃkṣepataḥ bravīmi oṃ ityetat | tadetatpadaṃ yadbubhutsitaṃ tvayā tadetadomiti oṃśabdavācyamoṃśabdapratīkaṃ ca ||
2.16
ataḥ etaddhyevākṣaraṃ brahma aparam etaddhyevākṣaraṃ paraṃ ca | tayorhi pratīkametadakṣaram | etaddhyevākṣaraṃ jñātvā upāsya brahmeti yo yadicchati paramaparaṃ vā tasya tat bhavati | paraṃ cet jñātavyam, aparaṃ cet prāptavyam ||
2.17
yata evam, ata eva etat brahmaprāptyālambanānāṃ śreṣṭhaṃ praśasyatamam | etadālambanaṃ param aparaṃ ca, parāparabrahmaviṣayatvāt | etadālambanaṃ jñātvā brahmaloke mahīyate | parasminbrahmaṇyaparasmiṃśca brahmabhūto brahmavadupāsyo bhavatītyarthaḥ ||
2.18
anyatra dharmādityādinā pṛṣṭasyātmano'śeṣaviśeṣarahitasyālambanatvena pratīkatvena coṃkāro nirdiṣṭaḥ, aparasya ca brahmaṇo mandamadhyamapratipattṝnprati | athedānīṃ tasyoṃkārālambanasyātmanaḥ sākṣātsvarūpanirdidhārayiṣayedamucyate | na jāyate notpadyate mriyate vā na mriyate ca utpattimato vastuno'nityasyānekā vikriyāḥ, tāsāmādyante janmavināśalakṣaṇe vikriye ihātmani pratiṣidhyete prathamaṃ sarvavikriyāpratiṣedhārthaṃ na jāyate mriyate veti | vipaścit medhāvī aparalupracaitanyasvabhāvatvāt | kiṃca, nāyamātmā kutaścit kāraṇāntarāt babhūva na prabhūtaḥ | asmāccātmano na babhūva kaścidarthāntarabhūtaḥ | ato'yamātmā ajo nityaḥ śāśvataḥ apakṣayavivarjitaḥ | yo hyaśāśvataḥ, so'pakṣīyate ; ayaṃ tu śāśvataḥ ata eva purāṇaḥ purāpi nava eveti | yo hyavayavopacayadvāreṇābhinirvartyate, sa idānīṃ navaḥ, yathā kuḍyādiḥ; tadviparītastvātmā purāṇo vṛddhivivarjita ityarthaḥ | yata evam, ataḥ na hanyate na hiṃsyate hanyamāne śastrādibhiḥ śarīre ; tatstho'pyākāśavadeva ||
2.19
evaṃbhūtamapyātmānaṃ śarīramātrātmadṛṣṭiḥ hantā cet yadi manyate cintayati icchati hantuṃ haniṣyāmyenamiti yo'pyanyo hataḥ so'pi cenmanyate hatamātmānaṃ hato'hamiti ubhāvapi tau na vijānītaḥ svamātmānam ; yataḥ nāyaṃ hanti avikriyatvādātmanaḥ, tathā na hanyate ākāśavadavikriyatvādeva | ato'nātmajñaviṣaya eva dharmādharmādilakṣaṇaḥ saṃsāraḥ nātmajñasya, śrutiprāmāṇyānyāyācca dharmādharmādyanupapatteḥ ||
2.20
kathaṃ punarātmānaṃ jānātīti, ucyate— aṇoḥ sūkṣmāt aṇīyān śyāmākāderaṇutaraḥ | mahato mahatparimāṇāt mahīyān mahattaraḥ pṛthivyādeḥ; aṇu mahadvā yadasti loke vastu, tattenaivātmanā nityenātmavatsaṃbhavati | tadātmanā vinirmuktamasatsaṃpadyate | tasmādasāvevātmā aṇoraṇīyānmahato mahīyān, sarvanāmarūpavastūpadhikatvāt | sa ca ātmā asya jantoḥ brahmādistambaparyantasya prāṇijātasya guhāyāṃ hṛdaye nihitaḥ ātmabhūtaḥ sthita ityarthaḥ | tam ātmānaṃ darśanaśravaṇamananavijñānaliṅgam akratuḥ akāmaḥ, dṛṣṭādṛṣṭabāhyaviṣayebhya uparatabuddhirityarthaḥ | yadā caivaṃ tadā manaādīni karaṇāni dhātavaḥ śarīrasya dhāraṇātprasīdantītyeṣāṃ dhātūnāṃ prasādādātmano mahimānaṃ karmanimittavṛddhikṣayarahitaṃ paśyati ayamahamasmīti sākṣādvijānāti; tato vigataśoko bhavati ||
2.21
anyathā durvijñeyo'yamātmā kāmibhiḥ prākṛtapuruṣairyasmāt āsīnaḥ avasthito'cala eva san dūraṃ vrajati śayānaḥ yāti sarvataḥ, evamasāvātmā devo madāmadaḥ samado'madaśca saharṣo'harṣaśca viruddhadharmavānato'śakyatvājjñātuṃ kaḥ taṃ madāmadaṃ devaṃ madanyo jñātumarhati | asmadādereva sūkṣmabuddheḥ paṇḍitasya vijñeyo'yamātmā sthitagatinityānityādiviruddhānekadharmopādhikatvādviruddhadharmavān viśvarūpa iva cintāmaṇivatkasyacidavabhāsate | ato durvijñeyatvaṃ darśayati— kastaṃ madanyo jñātumarhatīti | karaṇānāmupaśamaḥ śayanaṃ karaṇajanitasyaikadeśavijñānasyopaśamaḥ śayānasya bhavati | yadā caivaṃ kevalasāmānyavijñānatvātsarvato yātīva yadā viśeṣavijñānasthaḥ svena rūpeṇa sthita eva san manaādigatiṣu tadupādhikatvādūraṃ vrajatīva | sa cehaiva vartate ||
2.22
tadvijñānācca śokātyaya ityapi darśayati—aśarīraḥ svena rūpeṇākāśakalpa ātmā tam aśarīraṃ śarīreṣu devapitṛmanuṣyādiśarīreṣu anavastheṣu avasthitirahiteṣvanityeṣu avasthitaṃ nityam avikṛtamityetat | mahāntam | mahattvasyāpekṣikatvaśaṅkāyāmāha— vibhuṃ vyāpinam ātmānam ; ātmagrahaṇaṃ svatò'nanyatvapradarśanārtham | ātmaśabdaḥ pratyagātmaviṣaya eva mukhyaḥ tamīdṛśamātmānaṃ matvā ayamahamiti, dhīraḥ dhīmāna na śocati | na hyevaṃvidhasvātmavidaḥ śokopapattiḥ ||
yadyapi durvijñeyo'yamātmā tathāpyupāyena suvijñeya evetyāha— nāyamātmā pravacanena anekavedasvīkaraṇena labhyaḥ jñeyaḥ ; nāpi medhayā granthārthadhāraṇaśaktyā ; na bahunā śrutena na bāhuśrutyena kevalena | kena tarhi labhya iti, ucyate— yameva svamātmānam eṣa sādhako vṛṇute prārthayate, tenaivātmanā varitrā svayamātmā labhyaḥ jñāyata ityetat | niṣkāmaścātmānameva prārthayate | ātmanaivātmā labhyata ityarthaḥ | kathaṃ labhyata iti, ucyate— tasyātmakāmasya eṣa ātmā vivṛṇute prakāśayati pāramārthikīṃ svāṃ tanūṃ svakīyaṃ yāthātmyamityarthaḥ ||
2.24
kiṃcānyat | na duścaritāt pratiṣiddhācchrutismṛtyavihitātpāpakarmaṇaḥ avirataḥ anupasrataḥ | nāpi indriyalaulyāt aśāntaḥ anuparataḥ | nāpi asamāhitaḥ anekāgramanāḥ vikṣiptacittaḥ | samāhitacitto'pi sansamādhānaphalārthitvāt nāpi aśāntamānasaḥ vyāpṛtacitto vā | prajñānena brahmavijñānena enaṃ prakṛtamātmānam āpnuyāt , yastu duścaritādvirata indriyalaulyācca, samāhitacittaḥ samādhānaphalādapyupaśāntamānasaścācāryavān prajñānena enaṃ yathoktamātmānaṃ prāpnotītyarthaḥ ||
2.25
yastvenevaṃbhūtaḥ yasya ātmanaḥ brahma ca kṣatraṃ ca brahmakṣatre sarvadharmavidhārake api sarvaprāṇabhūte ubhe odanaḥ aśanaṃ bhavataḥ syātām, sarvaharo'pi mṛtyuḥ yasya upasecanamivaudanasya, aśanatve'pyaparyāptaḥ, taṃ prākṛtabuddhiryathoktasādhanānabhiyuktaḥ san kaḥ itthā itthamevaṃ yathoktasādhanavānivetyarthaḥ, veda vijānāti yatra saḥ ātmeti || iti dvitīyavallībhāṣyam ||
3.1
ṛtaṃ pibantāvityasyā vallyāḥ saṃbandhaḥ— vidyāvidye nānā viruddhaphale ityupanyaste, na tu saphale te yathāvannirṇīte | tannirṇayārthā ratharūpakakalpanā, tathā ca pratipattisaukaryam | evaṃ ca prāptṛprāpyagantṛgantavyavivekarthaṃ ratharūpakadvārā dvāvātmānāvupanyasyete— ṛtaṃ satyam avaśyaṃbhāvitvātkarmaphalaṃ pibantau; ekastatra karmaphalaṃ pibati bhuṅkte netaraḥ, tathāpi pātṛsaṃbandhātpibantāvityucyete cchatrinyāyena | sukṛtasya svayaṃkṛtasya karmaṇaḥ ṛtamiti pūrveṇa saṃbandhaḥ | loke asmiñśarīre, guhāṃ guhāyāṃ buddhau praviṣṭau, parame, bāhyapuruṣākāśasaṃsthānāpekṣayā paramam, parārdhe parasya brahmaṇo'rdhaṃ sthānaṃ parārdhaṃ hārdākāśam | tasminhi paraṃ brahmopalabhyate | tataḥ tasminparame parārdhe hārdākāśe praviṣṭāvityarthaḥ | tau ca cchāyātapāviva vilakṣaṇau saṃsāritvāsaṃsāritvena brahmavido vadanti kathayanti | na kevalamakarmmiṇa eva vadanti | pañcāgnayo gṛhasthāḥ | ye ca triṇāciketāḥ triḥkṛtvo nāciketo'gniścino yaiste triṇāciketāḥ ||
3.2
yaḥ setuḥ seturiva setuḥ ījānānāṃ yajamānānāṃ karmiṇām, duḥkhasaṃtaraṇārthatvāt | nāciketaṃ nāciketo'gniḥ tam, vayaṃ jñātuṃ cetuṃ ca śakemahi śaktavantaḥ | kiṃca, yacca abhayaṃ bhayaśūnyaṃ saṃsārasya pāraṃ titīrṣatāṃ taritumicchatāṃ brahmavidāṃ yatparam āśrayam akṣaram ātmākhyaṃ brahma, tacca jñātuṃ śakemahi | parāpare brahmaṇī karmibrahmavidāśraye veditavye iti vākyārthaḥ ; tayoreva hyupanyāsaḥ kṛtaḥ ‘ṛtaṃ pibantau’ iti ||
3.3
tatra yaḥ upādhikṛtaḥ saṃsārī vidyāvidyayoradhikṛto mokṣagamanāya saṃsāragamanāya ca, tasya tadubhayagamane sādhano rathaḥ kalpyate— tatrātmānam ṛtapaṃ saṃsāriṇaṃ rathinaṃ rathasvāminaṃ viddhi vijānīhi; śarīraṃ ratham eva tu rathabaddhahayasthānīyairindriyairākṛṣyamāṇatvāccharīrasya | buddhiṃ tu adhyavasāyalakṣaṇāṃ sārathiṃ viddhi; buddhinetṛpradhānatvāccharīrasya, sārathinetṛpradhāna iva rathaḥ | sarvaṃ hi dehagataṃ kāryaṃ buddhikartavyameva prāyeṇa | manaḥ saṃkalpavikalpādilakṣaṇaṃ pragrahameva ca raśanāmeva viddhi | manasā hi pragṛhītāni śrotrādīni karaṇāni pravartante raśanayevāśvāḥ ||
3.4
indriyāṇi cakṣurādīni hayānāhuḥ rathakalpanākuśalāḥ, śarīrarathākarṣaṇasāmānyāt | teṣu indriyeṣu hayatvena parikalpiteṣu gocarān mārgān rūpādīnviṣayān viddhi | ātmendriyamanoyuktaṃ śarīrendriyamanobhiḥ sahitaṃ saṃyuktamātmānaṃ bhokteti saṃsārīti āhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ vivekinaḥ| na hi kevalasyātmano bhoktṛtvamasti ; buddhyādyupādhikṛtameva tasya bhoktṛtvam | tathā ca śrutyantaraṃ kevalasyābhoktṛtvameva darśayati— ‘dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva’ ityādi | evaṃ ca sati vakṣyamāṇarathakalpanayā vaiṣṇavasya padasyātmatayā pratipattirupapadyate, nānyathā, svabhāvānatikramāt ||
3.5
tatraivaṃ sati yastu buddhyākhyaḥ sārathiḥ avijñānavān anipuṇo'vivekī pravṛttau ca nivṛttau ca bhavati yathenative/taro rathacaryāyām ayuktena apragṛhītena asamāhitena manasā pragrahasthānīyena sadā yukto bhavati, tasya akuśalasya buddhisāratheḥ indriyāṇi aśvasthānīyāni avaśyāni aśakyanivāraṇāni duṣṭāśvāḥ adāntāśvāḥ iva itarasāratheḥ bhavanti ||
3.6
yastu punaḥ pūrvoktaviparītasārathirbhavati tasya phalamāha— yastu vijñānavān nipuṇaḥ vivekavān yuktena manasā pragṛhītamanāḥ samāhitacittaḥ sadā, tasya aśvasthānīyānīndriyāṇi pravartayituṃ nivartayituṃ vā śakyāni vaśyāni dāntāḥ sadaśvā ivetarasāratheḥ ||
3.7
tatra pūrvoktasyāvijñānavato buddhisāratheridaṃ phalamāha— yastvavijñānavānbhavati | amanaskaḥ apragṛhītamanaskaḥ saḥ tata eva aśuciḥ sadaiva | na saḥ rathī tat pūrvoktamakṣaraṃ yatparaṃ padam āpnoti tena sārathinā | na kevalaṃ tannāpnoti, saṃsāraṃ ca janmamaraṇalakṣaṇam adhigacchati ||
3.8
yastu dvitīyo vijñānavān bhavati vijñānavatsārathyupeto rathī, vidvānityetat | yuktamanāḥ samanaskaḥ saḥ tata eva sadā śuciḥ | sa tu tatpadamāpnoti, yasmādāptātpadādapracyutaḥ san bhūyaḥ punaḥ na jāyate saṃsāre ||
3.9
kiṃ tatpadamityāha - vijñānasārathiḥ yastu yo vivekabuddhisārathiḥ pūrvoktaḥ manaḥpragrahavān pragṛhītamanāḥ samāhitacittaḥ
san śucirnaro vidvān, saḥ adhvanaḥ saṃsāragateḥ pāraṃ parameva, adhigantavyamityetat, āpnoti, mucyate sarvasaṃsārabandhanaiḥ | tat viṣṇoḥ vyāpaṃnaśīlasya brahmaṇaḥ paramātmano vāsudevākhyasya paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ padaṃ sthānam, satattvamityetat, yat asāvāpnoti vidvān ||
3.10
adhunā yatpadaṃ gantavyaṃ tasyendriyāṇi sthūlānyārabhya sūkṣmatāratamyakramaṇa pratyagātmatayādhigamaḥ kartavya ityevamarthamidamārabhyate | sthūlāni tāvadindriyāṇi, tāni yaiḥ parairarthairātmaprakāśanāyārabdhāni tebhya indriyebhyaḥ svakāryebhyaḥ te parā hi arthāḥ sūkṣmā mahāntaśca pratyagātmabhūtāśca | tebhyo'pi arthebhyaśca paraṃ sūkṣmataraṃ mahatpratyagātmabhūtaṃ ca manaḥ | manaḥśabdavācyaṃ manasa ārambhakaṃ bhūtasūkṣmam, saṃkalpavikalpādyārambhakatvāt | manaso'pi parā sūkṣmatarā mahattarā pratyagātmabhūtā ca buddhiḥ, buddhiśabdavācyamadhyavasāyādyārambhakaṃ bhūtasūkṣmam | buddherātmā sarvaprāṇibuddhīnāṃ pratyagātmabhūtatvādātmā mahān sarvamahattvāt avyaktādyatprathamaṃ jātaṃ hairaṇyagarbhaṃ tattvaṃ bodhābodhātmakaṃ mahānātmā buddheḥ para ityucyate ||
3.11
mahato'pi paraṃ sūkṣmataraṃ pratyagātmabhūtaṃ sarvamahattaraṃ ca avyaktaṃ sarvasya jagato bījabhūtamavyākṛtanāmarūpaṃ satattvaṃ sarvakāryakāraṇaśaktisamāhārarūpam avyaktam avyākṛtākāśādināmavācyaṃ paramātmanyotaprotabhāvena samāśritaṃ vaṭakaṇikāyāmiva vaṭavṛkṣaśaktiḥ | tasmādavyaktāt paraḥ sūkṣmataraḥ sarvakāraṇakāraṇatvātpratyagātmatvācca mahāṃśca, ata eva puruṣaḥ sarvapūraṇāt | tato'nyasya parasya prasaṅgaṃ nivārayannāha— puruṣātra paraṃ kiṃciditi | yasmānnāsti puruṣāccinmātraghanātparaṃ kiṃcidapi vastvantaram , tasmātsūkṣmatvamahattvapratyagātmatvānāṃ sā kāṣṭhā niṣṭhā paryavasānam | atra hi indriyebhya ārabhya sūkṣmatvādi parisamāptam | ata eva ca gantṝṇāṃ sarvagatimatāṃ saṃsāriṇāṃ sā parā prakṛṣṭā gatiḥ, 'yadgatvā na nivartante' iti smṛteḥ ||
3.12
nanu gatiścedāgatyāpi bhavitavyam, katham 'yasmādbhūyo na jāyate' iti ? naiṣa doṣaḥ | sarvasya pratyagātmatvādavagatireva gatirityupacaryate | pratyagātmatvaṃ ca darśitam indriyamanobuddhiparatvena | yo hi gantā so'yamapratyagrūpaṃ puruṣaṃ gacchati anātmabhūtaṃ na vindati svarūpeṇa | tathā ca śrutiḥ 'anadhvagā adhvasu pārayiṣṇavaḥ' ityādyā | tathā ca darśayati pratyagātmatvaṃ sarvasya- eṣa puruṣaḥ sarveṣu brahmādistambaparyanteṣu bhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ saṃvṛtaḥ darśanaśravaṇādikarmā avidyāmāyācchannaḥ ata eva ātmā na prakāśate ātmatvena kasyacit | aho atigambhīrā duravagāhyā vicitrā ceyaṃ māyā, yadayaṃ sarvo jantuḥ paramārthataḥ paramārthasatattvo'pyevaṃ bodhyamāno'haṃ paramātmeti na gṛhṇāti, anātmānaṃ dehendriyādisaṃghātamātmano dṛśyamānamapi ghaṭādivadātmatvenāhamamuṣya putra ityanucyamāno'pi gṛhṇāti | nūnaṃ parasyaiva māyayā momuhyamānaḥ sarvo loko'yaṃ baṃbhramīti | tathā ca smaraṇam - ' nāhaṃ prakāśaḥ sarvasya yogamāyāsamāvṛtaḥ' ityādi | nanu viruddhamidamucyate - matvā dhīro na śocati, na prakāśata iti ca | naitaddevam | asaṃskṛtabuddheravijñeyatvānna prakāśata ityuktam | dṛśyate tu saṃskṛtayā agryayā, agramivāgryā tayā, ekāgratayopetayetyetat ; sūkṣmayā sūkṣmavastu nirūpaṇaparayā | kaiḥ ? sūkṣmadarśibhiḥ 'indriyebhyaḥ parā hyarthāḥ' ityādiprakāreṇa sūkṣmatāpāramparyadarśanena paraṃ sūkṣmaṃ draṣṭuṃ śīlaṃ yeṣāṃ te sūkṣmadarśinaḥ, taiḥ sūkṣmadarśibhiḥ, paṇḍitairityetat ||
3.13
tatpratipattyupāyamāha - yacchet niyacchedupasaṃharet prājñaḥ vivekī | kim ? vāk vācam ; vāgatropalakṣaṇārthā sarveṣāmindriyāṇām | kva ? manasī manasi | chāndasaṃ dairghyam | tacca manaḥ yacchet jñāne prakāśasvarūpe buddhāvātmani | buddhirhi manaādikaraṇānyāpnotītyātmā pratyak ca teṣām | jñānaṃ buddhim ātmani mahati prathamaje niyacchet | prathamajavatsvacchasvabhāvakamātmano vijñānamāpādayedityarthaḥ | taṃ ca mahāntamātmānaṃ yacchet śānte sarvaviśeṣapratyastamitarūpe avikriye sarvāntare sarvabuddhipratyayasākṣiṇi mukhye ātmani ||
3.14
evaṃ puruṣe ātmani sarvaṃ pravilāpya nāmarūpakarmatrayaṃ yanmithyājñānavijṛmbhitaṃ kriyākārakaphalalakṣaṇaṃ svātmayāthātmyajñānena marīcyudakarajjusarpagaganamalānīva marīcirajjugaganasvarūpadarśanenaiva svasthaḥ praśāntaḥ kṛtakṛtyo bhavati yataḥ, atastaddarśanārthamanādyavidyāprasuptāḥ uttiṣṭhata he jantavaḥ, ātmajñānābhimukhā bhavata ; jāgrata ajñānanidrāyā ghorarūpāyāḥ sarvānarthabījabhūtāyāḥ kṣayaṃ kuruta | katham ? prāpya upagamya varān prakṛṣṭānācāryāṃstattvavidaḥ, tadupadiṣṭaṃ sarvāntaramātmānamahamasmīti nibodhata avagacchata; na hyupekṣitavyamiti śrutiranukampayā āha mātṛvat, atisūkṣmabuddhiviṣayatvājjñeyasya | kimiva sūkṣmabuddhiriti, ucyate- kṣurasya dhārā agraṃ niśitā tīkṣṇīkṛtā duratyayā duḥkhenātyayo yasyāḥ sā duratyayā | yathā sā padbhyāṃ durgamanīyā tathā durgaṃ duḥsaṃpādyamityetat; pathaḥ panthānaṃ tat taṃ jñānalakṣaṇaṃ mārgaṃ kavayaḥ medhāvino vadanti | jñeyasyātisūkṣmatvāttadviṣayasya jñānamārgasya duḥsaṃpādyatvaṃ vadantītyabhiprāyaḥ ||
3.15
tatkathamatisūkṣmatvaṃ jñeyasyeti, ucyate | sthūlā tāvadiyaṃ medinī śabdasparśarūparasagandhopacitā sarvendriyaviṣayabhūtā tathā śarīram | tatraikaikaguṇāpakarṣeṇa gandhādīnāṃ sūkṣmatvamahattvaviśuddhatvanityatvāditāratamyaṃ dṛṣṭamabvādiṣu yāvadākāśamiti | te gandhādayaḥ sarva eva sthūlatvādvikārāḥ śabdāntāḥ yatra na santi, kimu tasya sūkṣmatvādiniratiśayatvaṃ vaktavyamityetaddarśayati śrutiḥ- aśabdamasparśamarūpamarasamagandhavacca yat, etadvyākhyātaṃ brahma | avyayam, yahi śabdādimat, tadvyeti; idaṃ tvaśabdādimattvādavyayaṃ na vyeti na kṣīyate; ata eva ca nityam ; yahi vyeti, tadanityam; idaṃ tu na vyeti; ato nityam | itaśca nityam-anādi avidyamānaḥ ādiḥ kāraṇamasya tadidamanādi | yadyādimat, tatkāryatpādanityaṃ kāraṇe pralīyate yathā pṛthivyādi ; idaṃ tu sarvakāraṇatvādakāryam, akāryatvānnityam ; na tasya kāraṇamasti yasminpralīyeta | tathā anantam avidyamāno'ntaḥ kāryamasya tadanantam | yathā kalyādeḥ phalādikāryotpādanenāpyanityatvaṃ dṛṣṭam, na ca tathāpyantavattvaṃ brahmaṇaḥ ; ato'pi nityam | mahataḥ mahattattvābuddhyākhyāt paraṃ vilakṣaṇaṃ nityavijñaptisvarūpatvāt ; sarvasākṣi hi sarvabhūtātmatvādbrahma | uktaṃ hi-'eṣa sarveṣu bhūteṣu' ityādi | dhruvaṃ ca kūṭasthaṃ nityaṃ na pṛthivyādivadāpekṣikaṃ nityatvam | tat evaṃbhūtaṃ brahma ātmānaṃ nicāyya avagamya tam ātmānaṃ mṛtyumukhāt mṛtyugocarādavidyākāmakarmalakṣaṇāt pramucyate viyujyate ||
3.16
prastutavijñānastutyarthamāha śrutiḥ— nāciketaṃ naciketasā prāptaṃ nāciketaṃ mṛtyunā proktaṃ mṛtyuproktam idamākhyānamupākhyānaṃ vallītrayalakṣaṇaṃ sanātanaṃ ciraṃtanaṃ vaidikatvāt uktvā brāhmaṇebhyaḥ śrutvā ca ācāryebhyaḥ medhāvī brahmaiva loko brahmalokaḥ tasmin brahmaloke mahīyate ātmabhūta upāsyo bhavatītyabhiprāyaḥ ||
3.17
yaḥ kaścidimaṃ granthaṃ paramaṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ guhyaṃ gopyaṃ śrāvayet granthato'rthataśca brāhmaṇānāṃ saṃsadi brahmasaṃsadi prayataḥ śucibhūtvā śrāddhakāle vā śrāvayet bhuñjānān, tat śrāddham asya ānantyāya anantaphalāya kalpate samarthyate | dvirvacanamadhyāyaparisamāptyartham ||
iti tṛtīyavallībhāṣyam |
iti śrīmatparamahaṃsaparivrājakācāryasya śrīgovindabhagavatpūjyapādaśiṣyasya śrīmacchaṃkarabhagavataḥ kṛtau kāṭhakopaniṣadbhāṣye prathamo'dhyāyaḥ ||
‘eṣa sarveṣu bhūteṣu gūḍho'tmā na prakāśate’ , dṛśyate tvagryayā buddhyā’ ityuktam | kaḥ punaḥ pratibandho'gryāyā buddheḥ, yena tadbhāvādātmā na dṛśyata iti taddarśanakāraṇapradarśenārthā vallī ārabhyate ; vijñāte hi śreyaḥpratibandhakāraṇe tadapanayanāya yatna ārabdhuṃ śakyate, nānyatheti—
4.1
parāñci parāgañcanti gacchantīti, khāni khopalakṣitāni śrotrādīnīndriyāṇi khānītyucyante | tāni parāñcyeva śabdādiviṣayaprakāśanāya pravartante | yasmādevaṃsvabhāvakāni tāni vyatṛṇat hiṃsitavān hananaṃ kṛtavānityarthaḥ | ko'sau ? svayaṃbhūḥ parameśvaraḥ svayameva svatantro bhavati sarvadā na paratantra iti | tasmāt parāṅ parāgrūpānanātmabhūtāñchabdādīn paśyati upalabhate upalabdhyā nāntarātman nāntarātmānamityarthaḥ | evaṃsvabhāve'pi sati lokasya kaścit nadyāḥ pratisrotaḥpravartanamiva dhīraḥ dhīmānvivekī pratyagātmānaṃ pratyak cāsāvātmā ceti pratyagātmā | pratīcyevātmaśabdo rūḍho loke, nānyatra | vyutpattipakṣe'pi tatraivātmaśabdo vartate; ‘yaccāpnoti yadādatte yaccātti viṣayāniha | yaccāsya saṃtato bhāvastasmādātmeti kīrtyate’ ityātmaśabdavyutpattismaraṇāt | taṃ pratyagātmānaṃ svasvabhāvam aikṣat apaśyan paśyatītyarthaḥ, chandasi kālāniyamāt | kathaṃ paśyatīti, ucyate— āvṛttacakṣuḥ āvṛttaṃ vyāvṛttaṃ cakṣuḥ śrotrādikamindriyajātamaśeṣaviṣayāt yasya sa āvṛttacakṣuḥ | sa evaṃ saṃskṛtaḥ pratyagātmānaṃ paśyati | na hi bāhyaviṣayālocanaparatvaṃ pratyagātmekṣaṇaṃ caikasya saṃbhavati | kimicchanpunaritthaṃ mahatā prayāsena svabhāvapravṛttinirodhaṃ kṛtvā dhīraḥ pratyagātmānaṃ paśyatīti, ucyate | amṛtatvam amaraṇadharmatvaṃ nityasvabhāvatām icchan ātmana ityarthaḥ ||
4.2
yattāvatsvābhāvikaṃ parāgevānātmadarśanaṃ tadātmadarśanasya pratibandhakāraṇamavidyā tatpratikūlatvādyā ca parāgevāvidyopapradśiteṣu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣu bhogeṣu tṛṣṇā tābhyāmavidyātṛṣṇābhyāṃ pratibaddhātmadarśanāḥ parācaḥ bahirgatāneva kāmān kāmyānviṣayān anuyanti anugacchanti bālāḥ alpaprajñāḥ te tena kāraṇena mṛtyoḥ avidyākāmakarmasamudāyasya yanti gacchanti vitatasya vistīrṇasya sarvato vyāptasya pāśaṃ pāśyate badhyate yena taṃ pāśaṃ dehendriyādisaṃyogaviyogalakṣaṇam | anavarataṃ janmamaraṇajarārogādyanekānarthavrātaṃ pratipadyanta ityarthaḥ | yata evam atha tasmāt dhīrāḥ vivekinaḥ pratyagātmasvarūpāvasthānalakṣaṇam amṛtatvaṃ dhruvaṃ viditvā | devādyamṛtatvaṃ hyadhruvam , idaṃ tu pratyagātmasvarūpāvasthānalakṣaṇaṃ dhruvam , 'na karmaṇā vardhate no kanīyān' iti śruteḥ | tadevaṃbhūtaṃ kūṭasthamavicālyamamṛtatvaṃ viditvā adhruveṣu sarvapadārtheṣu anityeṣu nirdhārya, brāhmaṇā iha saṃsāre 'narthaprāye na prārthayante kiṃcidapi pratyagātmadarśanapratikūlatvāt | putravittalokaiṣaṇābhyo vyuttiṣṭhantyevetyabhiprāyaḥ ||
4.3
yadvijñānānna kiṃcidanyatprārthayante brāhmaṇāḥ, kathaṃ tadadhigama iti, ucyate—yena vijñānasvabhāvenātmanā rūpaṃ rasaṃ gandhaṃ śabdān sparśāṃśca maithunān maithunanimittānsukhapratyayān vijānāti vispaṣṭaṃ jānāti sarvo lokaḥ | nanu naivaṃ prasiddhirlokasya ātmanā dehādivilakṣaṇenāhaṃ vijānāmīti | dehādisaṃghāto'haṃ vijānāmīti tu sarvo loko'vagacchati | nanu dehādisaṃghātasyāpi śabdādisvarūpatvāviśeṣādvijñeyatvāviśeṣācca na yuktaṃ vijñātṛtvam | yadi hi dehādisaṃghāto rūpādyātmakaḥ san rūpādīnvijānīyāt, tarhi bāhyā api rūpādayo'nyonyaṃ svaṃ svaṃ rūpaṃ ca vijānīyuḥ | na caitadasti | tasmāddehādilakṣaṇāṃśca rūpādīn etenaiva dehādivyatiriktenaiva vijñānasvabhāvenātmanā vijānāti lokaḥ | yathā yena loho dahati so'gniriti tadvat ātmano'vijñeyam | kim atra asmim̐lloke pariśiṣyate na kiṃcitpariśiṣyate sarvameva tvātmanā vijñeyam , yasyātmano'vijñeyaṃ na kiṃcitpariśiṣyate, sa ātmā sarvajñaḥ | etadvai tat | kiṃ tat yannaciketasā pṛṣṭaṃ devādibhirapi vicikitsitaṃ dharmādibhyo'nyat viṣṇoḥ paramaṃ padaṃ yasmātparaṃ nāsti tadvai etat adhigatamityarthaḥ ||
4.4
atisūkṣmatvādurvijñeyamiti matvaitamevārthaṃ punaḥ punarāhasvapnāntaṃ svapnamadhyaṃ svapnavijñeyamityetat | tathā jāgaritāntaṃ jāgaritamadhyaṃ jāgaritavijñeyaṃ ca | ubhau svapnajāgaritāntau yena ātmanā anupaśyati lokaḥ iti sarvaṃ pūrvavat | taṃ mahāntaṃ vibhumātmānaṃ matvā avagamyātmabhāvena sākṣādahamasmi paramātmeti dhīraḥ na śocati ||
4.5
kiṃca, yaḥ kaścit imaṃ madhvadaṃ karmaphalabhujaṃ jīvaṃ prāṇādikalāpasya dhārayitāramātmānaṃ veda vijānāti antikāt antike samīpe īśānam īśitāraṃ bhūtabhavyasya kālatrayasya. tataḥ tadvijñānādūrdhvamātmānaṃ na vijugupsate na gopāyitumicchati, abhayaprāptatvāt | yāvaddhi bhayamadhyastho'nityamātmānaṃ manyate tāvadgopāyitumicchatyātmānam| yadā tu nityamadvaitamātmānaṃ vijānāti, tadā kaḥ kiṃ kuto vā gopāyitumicchet | etadvai taditi pūrvavat ||
4.6
yaḥ pratyagātmeśvarabhāvena nirdiṣṭaḥ, sa sarvātmetyetaddarśayati--yaḥ kaścinmumukṣuḥ pūrvaṃ prathamaṃ tapasaḥ jñānādilakṣaṇādbrahmaṇa ityetat ; jātam utpannaṃ hiraṇyagarbham | kimapekṣya pūrvamiti, āha--adbhyaḥ pūrvam apsahitebhyaḥ pañcabhūtebhyaḥ, na kevalābhyo'dbhya ityabhiprāyaḥ | ajāyata utpannaḥ yastaṃ prathamajaṃ devādiśarīrāṇyutpādya sarvaprāṇiguhāṃ hṛdayākāśaṃ praviśya tiṣṭhantaṃ śabdādīnupalabhamānaṃ bhūtebhiḥ bhūtaiḥ kāryakāraṇalakṣaṇaiḥ saha tiṣṭhantaṃ yo vyapaśyata yaḥ paśyatītyetat; ya evaṃ paśyati, sa etadeva paśyati— yattatprakṛtaṃ brahma ||
4.7
kiṃca, yā sarvadevatāmayī sarvadevatātmikā prāṇena hiraṇyagarbharūpeṇa parasmādbrahmaṇaḥ saṃbhavati śabdādīnāmadanāt aditiḥ tāṃ pūrvavadguhāṃ praviśya tiṣṭhantīm aditim | tāmeva viśinaṣṭi—yā bhūtebhiḥ bhūtaiḥ samanvitā vyajāyata utpannetyetat ||
kiṃca, yaḥ adhiyajñam uttarādharāraṇyornihitaḥ sthitaḥ jātavedā agniḥ punaḥ sarvahaviṣāṃ bhoktā adhyātmaṃ ca yogibhiḥ, garbha iva garbhiṇībhiḥ antarvatnībhiragarhitānnabhojanādinā yathā garbhaḥ subhṛtaḥ suṣṭhu samyagbhṛto loke, itthameva ṛtvigbhiyoṃgibhiśca subhṛta ityetat | kiṃca, dive dive ahūnyahani īḍyaḥ stutyo vandyaśca karmibhiyoṃgibhiścādhvare hṛdaye ca jāgṛvadbhiḥ jāgaraṇaśīlaiḥ apramattairityetat | haviṣmadbhiḥ ājyādimadbhiḥ dhyānabhāvanāvadbhiśśca manuṣyebhiḥ manuṣyaiḥ agniḥ ; etadvai tat tadeva prakṛtaṃ brahma ||
kiṃca, yataśca yasmātprāṇāt udeti uttiṣṭhati sūryaḥ, astaṃ nimlocanaṃ tirodhānaṃ yatra yasminneva ca prāṇe ahanyahani gacchati, taṃ prāṇamātmānaṃ devāḥ sarve agnyādayaḥ adhidaivaṃ vāgādayaścādhyātmaṃ sarve viśve arā iva rathanābhau arpitāḥ saṃpraveśitāḥ sthitikāle | so'pi brahmaiva | tat etatsarvātmakaṃ brahma, u nātyeti nātītya tadātmakatāṃ tadanyatvaṃ gacchati, kaścana kaścidapi etadvai tat ||
4.10
yadbrahmādisthāvarānteṣu vartamānaṃ tattadupādhitvādabrahmavadavabhāsamānaṃ saṃsāryanyatparasmādbrahmaṇa iti mā bhūtkasyacidāśaṅketīdamāha— yadeveha kāryakāraṇopādhisamanvitaṃ saṃsāradharmavadavabhāsamānamavivekinām, tadeva svātmastham amutra nityavijñānaghanasvabhāvaṃ sarvasaṃsāradharmavarjitaṃ brahma| yacca amutra amuṣminnātmani sthitam, tadanu iha tadeva iha kāryakāraṇanāma rūpopādhim anu vibhāvyamānaṃ nānyat | tatraivaṃ sati upādhisvabhāvabhedadṛṣṭilakṣaṇayā avidyayā mohitaḥ san ya iha brahmaṇyanānābhūte parasmādanyo'haṃ matto'nyatparaṃ brahmeti nāneva bhinnamiva paśyati upalabhate, sa mṛtyormaraṇāt mṛtyuṃ maraṇaṃ punaḥ punaḥ jananamaraṇabhāvamāpnoti pratipadyate | tasmāttathā na paśyet | vijñānaikarasaṃ nairantaryeṇākāśavatparipūrṇaṃ brahmaivāhamasmīti paśyediti vākyārthaḥ ||
4.11
prāgekatvavijñānādācāryāgamasaṃskṛtena manasaiva idaṃ brahmaikarasam āptavyam ātmaiva nānyadastīti | āpte ca nānātvapratyupasthāpikāyā avidyāyā nivṛttatvāt iha brahmaṇi nānā nāsti kiṃcana aṇumātramapi | yastu punaravidyātimiradṛṣṭiṃ na muñcati iha brahmaṇi nāneva paśyati, sa mṛtyormṛtyuṃ gacchatyeva svalpamapi bhedamadhyāropayannityarthaḥ ||
punarapi tadeva prakṛtaṃ brahmāha- aṅguṣṭhamātraḥ aṅguṣṭhaparimāṇaḥ | aṅguṣṭhaparimāṇaṃ hṛdayapuṇḍarīkaṃ tacchidravartyantaḥkaraṇopādhiraṅguṣṭhamātraḥ aṅguṣṭhamātravaṃśaparvamadhyavartyambaravat | puruṣaḥ pūrṇamanena sarvamiti | madhye ātmani śarīre tiṣṭhati yaḥ tam ātmānam īśānaṃ bhūtabhavyasya viditvā, na tata ityādi pūrvavat ||
kiṃca, aṅguṣṭhamātraḥ puruṣaḥ jyotiriva adhūmakaḥ, adhūmakamiti yuktaṃ jyotiḥparatvāt | yastvevaṃ lakṣito yogibhirhṛdaye īśānaḥ bhūtabhavyasya sa eva nityaḥ kūṭasthaḥ adya idānīṃ prāṇiṣu vartamānaḥ sa u śvo'pi vartiṣyate, nānyastatsamo'nyaśca janiṣyata ityarthaḥ | anena ‘nāyamastīti caike’ ityayaṃ pakṣo nyāyato'prāpto'pi svavacanena śrutyā pratyuktaḥ, tathā kṣaṇabhaṅgavādaśca |
4.14
punarapi bhedadarśanāpavādaṃ brahmaṇa āha — yathā udakaṃ durge durgame deśe uccchite vṛṣṭaṃ siktaṃ parvateṣu parvavatsu nimnapradeśeṣu vidhāvati vikīrṇaṃ sadvinaśyati, evaṃ dharmān ātmano'bhinnān pṛthak paśyan pṛthageva pratiśarīraṃ paśyan tāneva śarīrabhedānuvartinaḥ anuvidhāvati | śarīrabhedameva pṛthak punaḥ punaḥ pratipadyata ityarthaḥ ||
4.15
asya punavidyāvato vidhvastopādhikṛtabhedadarśanasya viśuddhavijñānaghanaikarasamadvayamātmānaṃ paśyato vijānato munermananaśīlasyātmasvarūpaṃ kathaṃ saṃbhavatīti, ucyate-- yathā udakaṃ śuddhe prasanne śuddhaṃ prasannam āsiktaṃ prakṣiptam ekarasameva nānyathā, tādṛgeva bhavati ātmāpyevameva bhavati ekatvaṃ vijānato muneḥ mananaśīlasya he gautama | tasmātkutārkikabhedadṛṣṭiṃ nāstikakudṛṣṭiṃ cojjhitvā mātṛpitṛsahasrebhyo'pi hitaiṣiṇā vedenopadiṣṭamātmaikatvadarśanaṃ śāntadarpairādaraṇīyamityarthaḥ ||
iti caturthavallībhāṣyam ||
5.1
punarapi prakārāntareṇa brahmatattvanirdhāraṇārtho'yamārambhaḥ, durvijñeyatvādbrahmaṇaḥ— puraṃ puramiva puram | dvāradvārapālādhiṣṭhātrādyanekapuropakaraṇasaṃpattidarśanāt śarīraṃ puram | puraṃ ca sopakaraṇaṃ svātmanā asaṃhatasvatantrasvāmyarthaṃ dṛṣṭam | tathedaṃ purasāmānyādanekopakaraṇasaṃhataṃ śarīraṃ svātmanā asaṃhatarājasthānīyasvāmyarthaṃ bhavitumarhati | taccedaṃ śarīrākhyaṃ puram ekādaśadvāram; ekādaśa dvārāṇyasya—sapta śīrṣaṇyāni, nābhyā sahārvāñci trīṇi, śirasyekam, tairekādaśadvāraṃ puram | kasya ? ajasya janmādivikriyārahitasyātmano rājasthānīyasya puradharmavilakṣaṇasya | avakracetasaḥ avakramakuṭilamādityaprakāśavannityamevāvasthitamekarūpaṃ ceto vijñānamasyeti avakracetāḥ tasyāvakracetasaḥ sthānīyasya brahmaṇaḥ yasyedaṃ puraṃ taṃ parameśvaraṃ purasvāminam anuṣṭhāya dhyātvā | dhyānaṃ hi tasyānuṣṭhānaṃ samyagvijñānapūrvakam | taṃ sarvaiṣaṇāvinirmuktaḥ sansabhaṃ sarvabhūtasthaṃ dhyātvā na śocati | tadvijñānādbhayaprāpteḥ śokāvasasrābhāvātkuto bhayekṣā | ihaivāvidyākṛtakāmakarmabandhanairvimukto bhavati | vimuktaśca sanvirucyate ; punaḥ śarīraṃ na gṛhṇātītyarthaḥ ||
First 79 of 117 passages. Read on
Commentaries (1)
- Ṭippaṇa of Śivānandayati — Śivānanda Yati, Sanskrit, not yet digitised