Maitrayaniya Upanishad 1

Maitryupaniṣaddīpikā (Rāmatīrtha) 1

Language: Sanskrit

1.p3

praṇamya rāmaṃ praṇatābhayapradaṃ gurūstathā kṛṣṇamukhāṃstadātmanaḥ | maitrāyaṇānāṃ śrutimaulimarthataḥ prasādhya viṣṇoḥ parame pade'rpaye |

“brahmayajño vā eṣa” ityādyā maitrāyaṇānāmupaniṣat | tasyāḥ pūrvakāṇḍena sambandhaḥ | kāṇḍacatuṣṭayātmake pūrvasmin granthe'nekāni karmākhyagnihotrādīni vihitāni | tāni coccāvacaphalārthatayā śrutāni yadyapi, tathāpi na paramapuruṣārthaparyavasitāni, yataḥ sādhyaphalāni tāni, sādhyañcānityaṃ yatkṛtakaṃ tadanityamiti niyamāt | śrutiścātra bhavati—

1.p5

'tadyatheha karmacito lokaḥ kṣīyata evamevāmutra puṇyacito lokaḥ kṣīyate' (chāndo0 a0 8) iti |

1.p6

'yadiha vā apyanevaṃvinmahatpuṇyaṃ karma karoti taddhāsryāntataḥ kṣīyata eva' (bṛhadā0 a0 1 | brā0 4) iti ca | tathā—

1.p7

‘yo vā etadakṣaraṃ gārgyaviditvāsmiṃlloke juhoti yajate tapastapyate bahūni varṣasahasrāṇyantavadevāsya tadbhavati’ (bṛhadā0 a0 3| brā0 8) iti ca | tasmāt svabhāvato nityaniratiśayapuruṣārthārthinaḥ puṃso'bhilaṣitasādhanopāyapradarśanāya pravartamāno vedo'nādibhavaparamparānubhūtānekaviṣayavāsanāvāsitāntaḥkaraṇaṃ vāsanāparavaśaṃtayā pravartamānaṃ viṣayāsaktamānasaṃ prati sahasā viṣayapravaṇatāparāvartane(1) paramapuruṣārtharūpāvidyānivṛttiparamānandāvirbhāvasādhanapratyagātmatattvabrahmapravaṇatāmāpādya paraṃ brahmātmatattvaṃ bodhayitumaśaknuvannādau karmāṇyeva puruṣārthasādhanatayopadiśati, punastatraiva niṣṭhāṃ sampādya tanniṣṭhasya nityanaimittikakarmānuṣṭhānaprabhāvataḥ śanaiḥ śuddhyamānāntaḥkaraṇasya punarīśvarārpaṇabuddhyaiva niṣkāmakarmānuṣṭhānādatitarāṃ śuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya nityānityavastuvivekavata ihāmutrārthabhogarāgaśūnyasya śamadamādisādhanavato mokṣamātrākāṅkṣiṇo'dhikārasampattimālakṣya pratyagātmatattvaṃ brahmādhyāropāpavādanyāyenāvagamayya svayañca tenaivāvagamena saha tasminnevātmatattve brahmaṇi vilīyamāno brahmātmamātrādvayaṃ satyajñānānantānandaikarasamavatiṣṭhata iti pūrvāparabhāvena karmajñānakāṇḍayorhetuhetumadbhāvaḥ sambandhaḥ siddhaḥ| tadanena vyākhyeyottarakāṇḍasya viṣayaprayojanādhikāriṇo darśitāḥ| viṣayasya cātmatattvasya vedāntāparāmānāsiddhatayā(2) vyākhyeyagranthapratipādyatā'rthāt siddheti siddhānubandhacatuṣṭayamimaṃ granthaṃ padaśo yathāmati vyākhyāsyāmaḥ| pūrvatra cayanādikarmā''mnātaṃ,

1.p8

taccāgniṣṭomātiriktānāṃ sarveṣāṃ yajñakratūnāṃ mādhāraṇaṃ, tāvatā sarvāṇyeva karmāṇyupalakṣaṇatvena gṛhītāni, tathā ca sarveṣāṃ karmaṇāṃ paramātmajñānajanyopakārakatvena paramapuruṣārthahetutvaṃ darśayituṃ śrutiḥ pravavṛte || “brahmayajño • cayanaṃ” iti ! yadidaṃ pūrveṣāṃ karmaprakaraṇoktānāṃ karmaṇāṃ cayanaṃ cayanādi sarvaṃ karma eṣa brahmaṇaḥ paramātmano yajño yajanaṃ pūjanaṃ vai prasiddhaṃ, ‘yajño vai viṣṇuryajñenaiva yajñaṃ santanoti’ iti śrutyantarāt | atra cayanagrahaṇamasyāṃ śākhāyāṃ prathamakāṇḍe cayanasyāmnānāt | pūrvatra vihitāni sarvāṇi karmāṇi parameśvarārpaṇabuddhyā phalāsaktiṃ parityajyānuṣṭheyānīti tātparyārthaḥ | tathā ca bhagavānāha (gī0 a0 5 | ślo0 10 ) “brahmaṇyādhāya karmāṇi saṅgaṃ tyaktvā karoti yaḥ | lipyate na sa pāpena padmapatramivāmbhasā” | iti | yasmādbrahmapūjanārthameva sarvaṃ karma “tasmāt • dhyāyet” iti | yajamānaḥ karmaṇyadhikṛta etān pūrvoktānagnīṃścitvā agnicayanāntaṃ sarvaṃ karma yathādhikāraṃ nirvartya tatprabhāvalabdhāntaḥkaraṇaśuddhiḥ sannātmānaṃ pratyañcaṃ vakṣyamāṇalakṣaṇamabhi abhitaḥ sarvātmabrahmabhāvena dhyāyet nirantaraṃ cintayedityarthaḥ | atra ktvāpratyayanirdeśo'nuṣṭhānātmadhyānayornairantaryaparo na bhavati, kintu pūrvakālatva-

1.1

mātraparaḥ, tathā cāsmin janmani janmāntare vā vṛttakarmānuṣṭhānakṛtaśuddhyatiśayaphalaṃ vividiṣāṃ prāpya karmabhyo vyutthāya pratyaktattvabrahmavicāraparo bhavedityabhiprāyaḥ | evaṃ sati kiṃ syādityetadāha “sa pūrṇaḥ0 yajñaḥ” iti | sa yajñaḥ prāganuṣṭhitaḥ khalu niścitaṃ vai prasiddhaṃ addhā sākṣāt nirupacaritaṃ pūrṇaḥ pūrṇaphalaḥ sampadyate | yadvā sa yajño yajamānaḥ ‘yajño vai yajamānaḥ’ iti śruteḥ, pūrṇo'dhyātmaparicchedābhimānahānyā'navacchinnaḥ paramātmā sampadyate, addhā khalu vai ityuktārtham | ātmānamabhidhyāyedityukaṃ dhyeyamātmānaṃ praśnaprativacanābhyāṃ saṅkṣepato nirdiśati “kaḥ sa0 prāṇākhyaḥ” iti | sa ātmābhidhyeyaḥ pūrvoktaḥ kaḥ kiṃsvarūpaḥ kiṃpramāṇakaśceti praśnabhāgārthaḥ | yaḥ prāṇākhyaḥ prāṇena prāṇenena prāṇādivyāpāreṇākhyāyate prakhyāyate'stoti niścīyate iti prāṇākhyo'yaṃ sa dhyeya ātmeti prativacanabhāgārthaḥ | tathā ca śrutiḥ— ‘ko hyevānyāt kaḥ prāṇyādyadeṣa ākāśa ānando na syāt’ ( taitti0 u0 ) iti | ‘yaḥ prāṇena prāṇiti sa ta ātmā sarvāntaraḥ’ ( bṛhadā0 a0 3 | brā0 4 ) ityādyā ca | yo dehādisaṅghātākhyātmā so'bhidhyeya ityarthaḥ | uktārthasaṅgrahaprapañcanaṃ pratijānīte “tasyopākhyānaṃ” iti | tasya prāṇākhyasyātmana upa samīpe ākhyānaṃ tatsvabhāvasya spaṣṭakathanamārabhyata iti vākyaśeṣaḥ |
bṛhadratho vā ityādyākhyāyikā sukhāvabodhārthā tapovairāgyayorātmajñānāṅgatvakhyāpanārthā ca “bṛhadratho0 nirjagāma” iti | vividhaṃ rājyamasminniti virājyaṃ tasmin virājye sārvabhaume ādhipatye ityarthaḥ | nidhāpayitvā mantribhirnidhānaṃ sthāpanaṃ kārayitvetyarthaḥ | rājyasthemne putramabhiṣicyeti yāvat | svayaṃ jīvati sati putrasya rājyadāne nimittamāha, idamiti | idaṃ śarīramaśāśvatamanityaṃ manyamāna iti sambandhaḥ | vairāgyaṃ rāganivṛttiṃ upetaḥ aihikāmuṣmikabhogarāgavinirmukta ityarthaḥ | araṇyaṃ grāmyajanavarjitaṃ viviktamabhayaṃ deśaṃ prati nirjagāma prasthita ityarthaḥ | “sa tatra0 tiṣṭhati” iti | tatrāraṇye sa rājā bṛhadrathanāmā paramaṃ duṣkaraṃ kāyaśoṣalakṣaṇaṃ tapa āsthāyorddhabāūrūdgīkṛtabāhudvaya ādityaṃ savitāramudīkṣamāṇaḥ savitaryāropitadṛṣṭiḥ san tiṣṭhati atiṣṭhadityarthaḥ | tapasi sthiracittānāmabhīṣṭasiddhiravaśyaṃbhāvinotyabhipretyāha “ante sahasrasyāntikaṃ0 śākāyanyaḥ” iti | sahasrasya saṃvatsarāṇāmiti śeṣaḥ | evaṃ tapasi sthitasya rājñaḥ
saṃvatsarāṇāṃ sahasrasyānte bhagavāñchākāyanyo'ntikamājagāmeti sambandhaḥ | sahasrāhasyeti pāṭhe sahasradivasātmakakālasyānta iti yojyam | śākāyanasyāpatyaṃ śākāyan‍yastannāmā kaścidṛṣiḥ, tasyābhīṣṭavaradānasāmarthyadyotanāya viśeṣaṇāni, adhūmako'gniriveti, upaśāntavikṣepa ityarthaḥ | tejasā svaprabhayā brahmavarcaseneti yāvat | nirdahannivāsyānabhibhavannivetyanenājñānasaṃśayādipratibandharahitaṃ tattvajñānamasyāstīti dyotitam | kuta evambhāvo'yamityato viśinaṣṭyātmaviditi | ātmatattvavittve liṅgamāha, bhagavāniti | ‘utpattiṃ pralayañcaiva bhūtānāmāgatiṃ gatim | vetti vidyāmavidyāñca sa vācyo bhagavāniti’ || (viṣṇupu0 aṃ0 6 | a0 5) iti smṛtyukto bhagavacchabdārthaḥ sarvajña ityarthaḥ | āgatya kiṃ kṛtavāniti tadāha “uttiṣṭha0 abravīt” iti | spaṣṭo'rthaḥ | tato rājakṛtamāha “sa tasmai0 uvāca” iti | tasmai śākāyan‍yāya sa rājā namo namanaṃ namaskāraṃ kṛtvā taṃ daṇḍavatpraṇamyovācoktavān | kimuvāceti tadāha “bhagavan 0 brūhīti” iti | ityuvāceti sambandhaḥ | he bhagavan pūjāvan ahamātmavinna ātmatattvavinna bhavāmītyarthaḥ | tvaṃ tattvavidātmatattvasya vettā, iti śabdo'trādhyāhāryaḥ | iti vayaṃ śuśruma visargānta-

1.2

pāṭhaḥ chāndasaḥ | ataḥ sa tvamātmatattvaṃ no'smabhyaṃ brūhi pratipādayetyarthaḥ | evaṃ pṛṣṭavate śākāyanyaḥ kimāhetyetadāha “etat 0 śākāyanyaḥ” iti | yat tvayā pṛṣṭamātmatattvametadvastu purastādatīte kāle vṛttaṃ siddhaṃ nirṇītaṃ pūrvatanairṛṣibhiriti yojyam | idānīṃ tvetatpraśnaṃ duḥśakyaṃ, liṅgavyatyayena eṣa praśno duḥśakyo duḥśaka ityarthaḥ | yadvā etadvṛttametasyātmatattvasya vṛttaṃ yāthātmyaṃ etatpraśnaṃ praśnavacanañca purastāt prathamaṃ cittaikāgryāditi yojyaṃ, duḥśakyaṃ duḥśakaṃ vaktuṃ śrotuṃ ca, durlabhametadityarthaḥ | tathā ca | śrutismṛtī‘śravaṇāyāpi bahubhiryo na labhyaḥ śṛṇvanto'pi bahavo yanna vidyuḥ | āścaryo vaktā kuśalo'sya labdhā āścaryo jñātā kuśalānuśiṣṭaḥ” ( kaṭhopa0 ) iti | ‘āścaryavatpaśyati kaścidenamāścaryavadvadati tathaiva cānyaḥ | āścaryavaccainamanyaḥ śṛṇoti śrutvāpyenaṃ veda na caiva kaścit’ ( gī0 a0 2 | ślo0 26 ) iti | he aikṣvāka ikṣvākukulodbhava ! anyān kāmān svargabhogānapsaraḥprabhṛtīnaihikān vā dhanataruṇī prabhṛtīn vṛṇīṣva prārthayethā iti śākāyanyaḥ uvācetyanuṣaṅgaḥ | tato rājā vṛttāntamāha “śirasā 0 jagāda” iti | imāṃ buddhisthāṃ vakṣyamāṇāṃ gāthāṃ yathāsthitārthāṃ kathāṃ jagādoktavān rājā, sugamamanyat |

1.3

yadukamanyān kāmān vṛṇīṣveti tatra bhogāyatanasya svabhāvālocanāyāṃ na kāmaḥ kāmāya kalpata iti dyotayan sthūlaśarīraṃ tāvat bībhatsitaṃ varṇayati “bhagavan 0 bhogaiḥ” iti | śleṣmā śiṅghāṇako nāsādvāraka malaḥ, dūṣikā netramalaḥ, kapho hṛtkaṇṭharodhau picchilo mala iti bhedaḥ | asthyādisaṅghāte ghane duḥsahagandhe kadalīstambhavanniḥsāre 'ntaḥsāravarjite 'smin sthūle śarīre vartamānasyeti śeṣaḥ, kiṃ kāmopabhogaiḥ kāryaṃ | āghātaṃ nīyamānasya vadhyasyeva bhojanācchādanālaṅkārādi na toṣamupaiṣyatītyabhiprāyaḥ | na kevalamidaṃ śarīraṃ svato bībhatsitatvāt kāmānarhamapi tvatibalavadarinivahairabhibhūyamānatvādyautyāha “kāma 0 bhogaiḥ” iti | kāmo'prāptābhilāṣaḥ | krodhaḥ prasiddhaḥ | lobhaḥ prāpteṣvapi viṣayeṣvalambuddhirāhityam | moho'narthe 'rthabuddhiḥ | bhayaṃ paritrāsaḥ | viṣādaḥ śokaḥ | īrṣyā paradveṣaḥ | iṣṭaviyogaḥ svānukūlaputrādyanubandhavaikalyam | aniṣṭasamprayogaḥ svapratikūlānubandhasaṅkalanam | etābhyāṃ duḥkhaṃ lakṣyate | evamete'ntaḥkaraṇadharmāḥ |
kṣutpipāse prāṇadharmau | jarādayo dehadharmā āgantukāḥ | śokaḥ śokanimitto dehāvasādaḥ kāryamiti yāvat | ādiśabdādvṛddhivipariṇāmau gṛhyete | anyaduktārtham |
evaṃvidho'pi saṅghāto yadi cirasthāyī sthiraḥ syāt tadā kathañcidapi viṣakīṭavadabhilaṣyeta naivamastītyāha "sarvaṃ cedaṃ 0 pradhvaṃsinaḥ" iti | sarvaṃ cedaṃ yathā varṇitaṃ saṅghātarūpaṃ kṣayaśīlaṃ naśvaraṃ paśyāmo nirdhārayāma iti pratijñā, tatra heturudbhūtapradhvaṃsitvāditi yojyam | kādācitkatvādityarthaḥ | yatheme ityādi pradhvaṃsina ityantaṃ nidarśanamiti vibhāgaḥ | tathā cāyaṃ prayogaḥ, vimataḥ saṅghāto'śāśvataḥ utpannapradhvaṃsitvādya evaṃ sa evaṃ yatheme dṛśyamānā daṃśamaśakādayo yathā vā tṛṇavanaspataya udbhūtapradhvaṃsino'śāśvatāstathā cāyaṃ tasmāt tatheti | vanaspatayodbhūteti sandhiśchāndasaḥ | vokāro vā'tra lupto draṣṭavyaḥ | uktadṛṣṭānteṣvaprakṛṣṭakarmajatvamupādhimāśaṅkya tasyāprayojakatāṃ darśayan prakṛṣṭakarmajeṣvapyaśāśvatatāmāviṣkaroti "atha kimetaiḥ 0 kecit" iti | anyaccetyasminnarthe 'thaśabdaḥ, etairūdāhṛtaiḥ kṣudrajantusthāvaraiḥ kim | vāśabdo'nādare | pare utkṛṣṭā anye uktebhyo mahādhanurdharā mahāśūrāścakravartinaḥ sārvabhaumāśca kecit asmāllokādamuṃ
lokaṃ prayātā ityuttareṇānvayaḥ | tāneva cakravartinaḥ kāṃścidgaṇayati “sudyumnabhūridyumna 0 senādayaḥ” iti | atrāśvapatiḥ śaśabindurityādipadavicchedapāṭhaśchāndasaḥ prāmādiko vā, ete sūryasomavaṃśajā rājāna uktāḥ | eteṣvapi viśiṣṭatarānanyānudāharati “atha marutta 0 rājānaḥ” iti | †marutto nāma saṃvarttakena yoginā yājito rājā, yasya yāge samāgatā indrādayaḥ sāyudhā eva stambhitāḥ punaśca camasādhvaryave niyuktāḥ saḥ bharato dauṣyantiryenāśvamedhānāṃ triśatī kṛtā saḥ | prabhṛtirityādipadaparyāyeṇa priyavratādayo gṛhyante | te kiṃ tadāha “miṣato bandhuvargasya 0 prayātā iti” iti | bandhuvargasya bhogyajātasya miṣataḥ paśyato jīvaṃta eva sato'kṣukṣasyeti yāvat | mahatīmaparimitaṃ, śriyaṃ vibhūtiṃ, tyaktā anicchanto'pi tāṃ parityajyāsmātpratipannāllokāddehādamuṃ lokaṃ parokṣaṃ prayātāḥ naṣṭā babhūvuriti niścitamityarthaḥ | evaṃ manuṣyaśarīrāṇāmutkṛṣṭānāmadhyenityatāmudāhṛtyāmanuṣyeṣvapyutkarṣa-

1.4

kāmopabhogairiti vyākhyātam | bhogasthānānāṃ bhogyadehendriyaviṣayāṇāṃ tadviśiṣṭabhoktṝṇāṃ cānityatvaṃ pramādhya bhogānāmapi tatprasādhayati “yairevāśritasyāmasakṛt 0 dṛśyate” iti | yairāśritasya bhojitasya brahmalokaparyanteṣu sthāneṣu tarpitasya puṃsa iha manuṣyaloke 'sakṛnmuhurmuhurāvartanamāvṛttirdṛśyate, tairanityaiḥ kāmopabhogaiḥ kiṃ mametyarthaḥ | tadanena prabandhenānātmaviṣayo varaḥ pratyākhyāto'nena cātmajñānayogyatā darśitā | evaṃ guruvairāgyaṃ vivekapūrvakamupavarṇya sthito guroranugrahadṛṣṭimālakṣya tatpādopasarpaṇaṃ vidyopadeśagrahaṇārthaṃ vidadhadguruṃ prārthayate “ityuddhartumarhasi” iti | yato'haṃ nirviṇṇo'smi ato māmuddhartumarhasi ityuktavānityarthaḥ | kuta uddharaṇaṃ tadāha “andhodapānastho 0 gatiḥ” iti | andhodapānaṃ nirudakaḥ kūpastatra sthito bheko maṇḍūka ivāsmin yathāvarṇite saṃsāre sthito duḥkhamyautyasmāduddhartumarhasītyarthaḥ | ko'pyanyastvāmuddhariṣyatīti mā śaṅkiṣṭhā ityāha “bhagavaṃstvaṃ no gatistvaṃ no gatiḥ” iti | abhyāsa ādarārthaḥ, adhyāyasamāptidyotanārtho vā |
iti rāmatīrthaviracitāyāṃ maitryupaniṣaddīpikāyāṃ prathamaḥ prapāṭhakaḥ ||

Linked texts (1)

Maitrāyaṇīyopaniṣad — Sanskrit