Yāska's Nirukta 11
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 11
- Language
- Sanskrit
11.1
evaṃ nāmākhyātopasarganipātānāṃ pravibhāgenāvasthitānāmetallakṣaṇaṃ parijñāyate- “athāpīdamantareṇa mantreṣvarthapratyayo na vidyate” | athaśabdo'dhikārārthaḥ dvitīyaṃ śāstrārambhaprayojanamadhikaroti | apīti sambhāvane | apipadeṣu vibhāgenāvasthiteṣu loke vede vā, apimantreṣu vākyabhāvenāvasthiteṣu, yaḥ samastārthastasmina pratyayo viśeṣāvadhāraṇaṃ na vidyate, na bhavatītyarthaḥ | apīdaṃ śāstramantareṇa padārthe pratyayo nāsti, api vākyārthe ityabhiprāyaḥ ||
āha-kaḥ punaḥ padārthavākyārthayoviśeṣa iti ? ucyate-sākāṅkṣaḥ padārtho nirākāṅkṣo vākyārthaḥ | tadyathā--gaurityukte kimityākāṅkṣā bhavati, tato gacchatītyukte nirākāṅkṣaṃ bhavati | tathā gacchatītyukte ka iti sākāṅkṣaṃ bhavati, tato gaurityukte nirākāṅkṣaṃ bhavati | athedānoṃ gaurgacchatītyukte gaurvāhadohādibhyo vyāvṛtya gamane'vatiṣṭhate, gamanaṃ cānyebhyo vyāvṛtya gavyevāvatiṣṭhate, eṣa vākyārthaḥ | sa eṣa prakaraṇāvirodhī vākyārthaḥ padārthaṃ niyamena lakṣayati, padārthaśca padalakṣaṇam | padārthasanniyogena hi vyākaraṇe padānāṃ prakṛtipratyayādīni lakṣaṇāni vyādiśyante ||
yata evamataḥ “arthamapratiyato nātyantaṃ svarasaṃskāroddeśaḥ” | arthamapratiyato'pratipādyamānasyānāvadhṛtārthasyetyarthaḥ | nātyantam naikāntekena, ekāntaṃ nāma niścayo'niścayenetyarthaḥ kim ? svarasaṃskāroddeśaḥ svaroddeśaśca saṃskāroddeśaśca, svarāvadhāraṇaṃ saṃskārāvadhāraṇaṃ nāstīti vākyaśeṣaḥ || kiṃ kāraṇam ? na hyanavadhṛtārthaḥ svarasaṃskārāvavadhārayituṃ śaknuyāt | arthavaśena hi svarasaṃskārāvavatiṣṭhete ||
“tadidam” evaṃ kṛtvā niruktaśāstraṃ “vidyāsthānam” etadadhīnatvādarthaparijñānasya | arthavaśatvācca svarasaṃskārayoridaṃ “vyākaraṇasya kārtsnyam” kṛtsnabhāvaṃ-karotīti vākyaśeṣaḥ|| vyākaraṇena hi svarasaṃskārau cinyete | tasmādaparisamāptameva tāvad vyākaraṇam, yāvat niruktaṃ nādhigatamiti | na hi anairukto'rthamavadhārayitumalam,-nānavadhṛtārthaḥ svarasaṃskāratattvaṃ vijānīyāditi ||
āha-nanu vyākaraṇasya kārtsnyametat karotītyukte taccheṣabhūtamevaitat, 'uṇādivat, tataśca vidyāsthānatvamasya virudhyata iti ? netyucyate-“svārthasādhakaṃ ca” | svārthājahadvṛttyā
hyetadanuṣaṅgato vyākaraṇasya kṛtsnatāṃ karoti | yathā loke svārthamaparihāya kaścit parānugrahaṃ karotyevam || yat punaretaduktam-uṇādiṣvaditi | te hi tantrāntarbhūtā eva-“uṇādayo bahuḷam ( pā0 3, 3, 1 )”- ityuktam, na punarnighaṇṭavo bahulamiti | tasmāt svatantramevedaṃ vidyāsthānamarthanirvacanam, vyākaraṇaṃ tu lakṣaṇapradhānamiti viśeṣaḥ |
15 |
11.2
āha,-“yadi mantrārthapratyayāya” etadārabhyate, hanta, tahaitadevamarthamārabhyamāṇam “anarthakam” eva “bhavatīti” || āha--ka evamāheti ? ucyate-“kautsaḥ” | kiṃ kāraṇam ? “anarthakā hi mantrāḥ” | na hi mantrāṇāmartho'sti vācyavācakatvena| tadarthanirvacanāyārabhyamāṇamidamapyanarthakameva bhavati | tasmānnārabdhavyamityevaṃ kautso manyate |
15 |
11.3
“tat” etadevamucyamānaṃ kautsena “etena” anena nairuktena [ “nai” ] “upekṣitavyam” | upagamya vedaṃ śāstrañca īkṣitavyam, kimasau satyamācaṣṭe vṛtheti vā parīkṣyam || arthavattve mantrāṇāṃ yaddhetujñānaṃ vakṣyamāṇaṃ tadupagamyārthavattvaṃ mantrāṇāmīkṣitavyamiti kecidāhuḥ |
15 |
11.4
kayā punarupapattyā kautso mantrāṇāmānarthakyamāheti ? ucyate-“niyatavācoyuktayo niyatānupūrvyā bhavanti”- iti | niyatavācoyuktayaḥ niruḍhavācoyuktayaḥ, abhidhānaniyatā hi te bhavanti-“agnai̱ ā yā̍hi vī̱taye̍ ( sā0 ve0 saṃ0 1, 1, 1, 1 )”- iti mantre, na punar -'vibhāvaso ! āgaccha pānāya' iti | niyatānupūrvyā niyatānupūrvīpadaprayogasya | tadyathā--'agna āyāhi' iti, na punarbhavati 'āyāhyagne' iti | iha loke'rthavatāṃ śabdānāmaniyamena paryāyavacanatā dṛṣṭā gavādiprayoge, tathā na paurvāparyyaṃ dṛṣṭam | tadyathā-'goṇīmabhyāja' 'gāmabhyāja' 'āhara pātram' 'pātramāhara' iti | na ca tathā mantreṣu | tato'rthavacchabdavaidharmyāt paśyāmo'narthakā mantrā iti |
15 |
11.5
“athāpi” ayamaparo heturānarthakye mantrāṇām | āha-katama ? iti, ucyate-“brāhmaṇena” te “rūpasampannāḥ”api santo “vidhīyante” eva | rūpaṃ nāma liṅgama, tena saṃpannā <gap/ ityarthaḥ | prakaṭaliṅgā api santastadavivakṣitaṃ kṛtvā karmasu vidhīyanta eva || yadi hyete arthavanto'bhaviṣyanna, svenaiva liṅgena svamātmānamete viniyoktuṃ samarthā iti kṛtvā na brāhmaṇena teṣuteṣu karmasu vyadhāsyanta, vihitāśca-tad yathā-“uru prathasvetiṃ prathayati ( śa0 brā0 1, 3, 6, 8 )” prathanaliṅgo mantro vihitaḥ prathanakaṇi, tathā ca‘u̱ru pra̍tha̱ā uru pratha̍svoru te̍ ya̱jñapa̍tiḥ prathatām ( ya0 vā0 saṃ0 1, 22)”| yajuridam| puroḍāśaṃ pratyucyate | he puroḍāśa ! tvaṃ vistīrṇaprathanaḥ san vistāraiyathāḥ svātmānam | te tava yajñapatiścāyaṃ yajamānaḥ prajāpaśuhiraṇyādibhiścoru prathatāṃ vistīryyatāmiti | tathā“prohāṇīti prohati”-iti brāhmaṇaṃ droṇakalaśaprohaṇavidhāyi | “idamahamātmānameva prāñcaṃ prohāmi tejase brahmavarcasāya” iti | tejorthaṃ brahmavarcasārthaṃ cātmānaṃ prohāmi-prāñcaṃ prerayāmi iti | prohāṇīti prohati-iti prohaṇaliṅgo vihitaḥ prohaṇakarmaṇi | tasmālliṅgasampannavidhānāt paśyāmo brāhmaṇenānarthakasvarūpameva santaṃ mantraṃ viniyuktam | evaṃ sati, mantraṃ punarvidadhat brāhmaṇamarthavat, anarthakā hi mantrāḥ|| nahyarthavantaḥ santo dāsa vadbrāhmaṇena vidhīye ran, vihitāśca | tasmādanarthakā mantrā iti paśyāmaḥ| api ca,-brāhmaṇasyānarthakyānyupagame deśakālakartṛdakṣiṇādikarmāṅgabhūtaṃ kuta upalabhyetai?tathā ca brāhmaṇasyānarthakye'pyupagamyamāne vaidaika deśasya mantrasyātyantamivānarthakatvamabhyupagataṃ syāt, na hi brāhmaṇasya vividhastutyarthādṛte'rthavattāsti, mantrāṇāṃ punarvvācyavācakatvenānarthakānāpi satāṃ viniyogamātreṇāpyarthavattā syādeva | etasmācca kāmamanarthakā mantrā vācyavācakatvena santo viniyogamātreṇaivārthavanto⁵ vidheyatvāt ( ? ) vidhāyakatvācca brāhmaṇamarthavadastviti |
15 |
11.6
“athāpi ” ayamaparo heturanarthakatve mantrāṇām|āha-katama iti?ucyate-“anupapannārthāḥ” hi ete “bhavanti ” ya eteṣvartho labhyate--ayameteṣvarthaḥ syāditi nāsāvupapadyate | tadyathā-“oṣa̍dhe trāya̍svainam ( ya0 vā0 saṃ0 4, 1, 6, 15 )”ityāhaṃ | na cauṣadhirātmānamapi trātuṃ samarthā, kiṃ punarvṛkṣam || tathā-“ svadhi̍te̱ maina̍ 5 hiṃsīḥ ( ya0 vā0 saṃ0 4, 1, 6, 15 ) ityāha ” ātmanaiva “hiṃsan ”| ko
hi nāma evamuktvā svayameva hiṃsyāt hinasti vā 1 | loke yānyevaṃvidhāni vākyānpunmattaprabhṛtīnāṃ tānyanarthakānyucyante, tathaivemāni | tasmātstānyapyanarthakānītyupapadyate |
15 |
11.7
" athāpi " ayamaparo heturānarthakye mantrāṇām | āha, -katama iti ! ucyate" vipratiṣiddhārthā bhavanti " iti | anyasyānyena viruddhārthena pratiṣedho'nyasya vo'nyena vipratiṣedha itaretaravyāghāta ityarthaḥ | tadyathā,-" eka̍ e̱va ru̱dro'va̍tasthe̱ na dvitīya̍ḥ”” “ asaṃkhyātā sa̱hasrā̍ṇi̱ ye ru̱drā adhi̱ bhūmyā̍m (ya0 vā0 saṃ0 16,54)”, " aśa̱truri̍ndra ja̱jñiṣe (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 7, 21, 2)”, “śataṃ senā̍ aja̍yatsākama̱ne̍ndaḥ ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 5, 22; 1 )-iti ” | etānyudāharaṇāni | " eka eva rudro'vatasthe na dvitīyo raṇe nighnan pṛtanāsu śatrūn | ' saṃsṛjya viśvā bhuvanāni goptā pratyaṅ janān sañcukocāntakāle || ” ' eka evāvatasthe rudraḥ'sthitavān , 'raṇe' raṇāya raṇārtham, 'na' anyo 'dvitīyaḥ' kaścidasti | iti rudrabahutvapratiṣedhaḥ | kathamavatasthe 1 ' ni' niścayena ' ghnan ' ' pṛtanāsu' sparddhanīyeṣu saṃgrāmeṣu ' śatrūn ' || kiñca, sa ekaḥ 'saṃsṛjya' sṛṣṭvā, 'viśvā'viśvāni, 'bhuvanāni' 'goptā' rakṣitā, sṛṣṭvā ca sargakāle'nantarameva pālayitvā ca sthitikāle | 'pratyaṅ ' sargaprātilomyena 'janān' 'sañcukoca' saṅkocayati, 'antakāle' pralayakāle | ya evaṃ guṇayukto rudrastaṃ vayaṃ stumaḥ || "asaṃkhyātā sa̱hasrā̍ṇi̱ ye ru̱drā adhi̱ bhūmyā̍m | teṣāṃ sahasrayojane'va̱ dhanvā̍ni tanmasi ” (ya0 vā0 saṃ0 16, 54) . eṣā śatarudriye'nuṣṭup | anena cāgnicayane'rkaparṇenājākṣīramiśrā gavedhukāḥ saṃtkṛtyau hūyante uttarasyāṃ śroṇāvuttamālohitakakṣāyām | prajāpaterārṣam | ' asaṃkhyātā ' asaṃkhyātāni 'sahasrāṇi ' bahūnīti yāvaduktaṃ syāt || keṣām 1 'ye rudrāḥ' 'bhūmyām' 'adhi'
upari ‘teṣāṃ,’ ‘sahasrayojane’ adhvani avasthitānāmeva ‘ava’ ‘tanmasi’ tanumaḥ ‘dhanvāni’ dhanūṃṣi | aprāptānāmevāsmān pratītyabhiprāyaḥ | tāvadeva ca tānabhiṣvamo yauvadevatatāni tāni dhanūṃṣi ||
etayā aticchandasā indraṃ tuṣṭāva sudāḥ paijavanaḥ | ṣoḍaśini śastre viniyuktā | he ‘indra !’ ‘tvam’ ‘avāsṛja’ ‘sindhūn’ syandanān etān mādhyamikān udakasaṃhtyāyān | kathaṃ punaravāsṛjaḥ ? ‘adharācaḥ’ tānadhogamanān kṛtvā sarvānaivāvāsṛjaḥ, nityakālam ‘ahan ahim’ ghnan megham ‘aśatruḥ’ aśātayitavyaḥ ‘jajñiṣe’ jāyase nityakālaṃ bhavasi, tasmin hate meghe | kiñca, tvametena prakāreṇa meghavadhakarmaṇā ‘viśvaṃ’ sarvaṃ ‘puṣyasi’ puṣṇāsi ‘vāryya’ vāriprabhavaṃ vrīhyādikam | ‘taṃ’ ‘tvā’ tvām evaṃguṇasaṃyuktaṃ vayaṃ ‘pariṣvajāmahe’ sarvataḥ svajāmahe āśliṣyāmaḥ | ‘nabha̍ntāṃ’ mā bhūvan ‘anyakeṣām’ anyeṣām ‘jyākā’ jyā api ‘adhidhanvasu’ adhidhanuḥṣu| kimutānye kecanābhyudyacchamānā ete'smaddviṣaḥ avatatajyadhanuṣo hatasarvodyamāḥ santvityatastvāṃ pariṣvajāmaha ityabhiprāyaḥ ||
ityeṣā apratirathena triṣṭubabhipraṇayane viniyuktā | apratirathesyendraputrasyārṣam | ‘āśuḥ’vyāpakaḥ kṣipro vā, ‘śiśānaḥ’śiśyānaḥ tīkṣṇīkurvan āyudham, pragṛhītāyudhaḥ, ‘vṛṣabho na’vṛṣabha iva puṣṭo yoddhā| ‘bhīmaḥ śatrūṇāṃ bhayajanakaḥ | ‘ghanāghanaḥ’ hanāhanaḥ jahijahītyevaṃ śabdakārī ‘kṣobhaṇaḥ’ keṣām ? ‘carṣaṇīnām’pratyanīkāvasthitānāmasurādīnām| ‘saṅkrandanaḥ samāhvātā śatrūṇām| āhūya ca ‘animiṣaḥ’ ādaravān jayaṃ prati| ‘ekavīraḥ’ eka eva vikrāntaḥ apratidvendvaḥ saṅgrāmeṣu, ‘śataṃ senāḥ’ bahvīḥ śatrusenāḥ, ‘sākam’ avasthitāḥ ‘ajayat’ eka ‘indro’ yaḥ, taṃ vayaṃ stumaḥ|| evamitaretaravipratiṣiddhānyetāni mantravākyānisadyeko rudraḥ, nāsaṅkhyātā̍ni sahasrāṇi | athāsaṅkhyātāni, naikaḥ | yadyaśatruḥ, kathaṃ śataṃ senā ajayat ? atha śataṃ senāṃ ajayat, kathamaśatruḥ ? loke hi yānyevaṃlakṣaṇāni vā-
kyāni unmattādīnām, tānyanarthakānītyucyante | tathā cemāni | tasmādimānyanarthakānīti |
15 |
11.8
"athāpi" ayamaparo heturmantrāṇāmānarthakye | katama iti ? ucyate--"jānantaṃ sampreṣyati" adhvaryurhotāram | katham ? "agnaye samidhyamānāyānubrūhīti" || "tadu haika āhuḥ | agnaye samidhyamānāya hotaranubrūhīti | (śa0 brā0 1, 3, 2, 3 )" hotā hi vidhijñe eva bhavati,--na hyavidvān vihito'stīti sa vijānātyevāmuṣminnavadhāvidaṃ mayānuṣṭhātavyamiti | tadetadvijñātārthasya sataḥ sampreṣaṇamanarthakameva bhavati | yathaitadanarthakamevamanye'pi mantrā iti |
15 |
11.9
"athāpi" ayamaparo heturmantrāṇāmānarthakye | āha--katama iti ? ucyate--"āha" mantrānigamaḥ "aditiḥ sarvamiti" | āha--kimudāharaṇam ? 'aditidyauraditirantarikṣamiti " "aditidyauraditirantarikṣamaditirmātā sa pitā sa putraḥ | viśve̍devā aditiḥ pañca janā aditirrjāta̱maditi̱rjanitvam ||” (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 6, 16, 5 ) | "tat" etadudāharaṇam "upariṣṭād" aikapadike "vyākhyāsyāmaḥ" iha tvevamarthamiyamudāhṛtā,--kathaṃ yaiva dyauḥ, sā antarikṣam, yaiva mātā, sa eva putraḥ, sa eva ca pitetyevamādi kimapi bahunna parasparārasambaddhamucyate ? tadarthavattve satyupapādayitumaśakyam | tasmādanarthakā mantrā iti |
15 |
11.10
"athāpi" ayamaparo heturānarthakye mantrāṇām | āha--katama iti ? ucyate--"avispaṣṭārthāḥ" api hi kecit "bhavanti" | tayathā--"amyag, yāhṛśmina, jārayāyi,
kāṇukā,-iti” evamādayaḥ | na hyeteṣāṃ viśeṣā'rthaḥ1 mantreṣu śakyate parijñātum, na ca kecidarthavantaḥ kecidanarthakā iti nyāyyamabhyupagantum, aṅgaviśeṣaṃ hi syāt | tasmāt sarva evānarthakā iti || parisamāptaḥ pūrvapakṣaḥ |
15 |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit