Yāska's Nirukta 17
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 17
- Language
- Sanskrit
17.1
uktaṃ taddhitanirvacanalakṣaṇaṃ sodāharaṇam, adhunā samāsodāharaṇamucyate,-''rājñaḥ puruṣo rājapuruṣaḥ''| rājña ityukte, sarvaṃ svaṃ gamyate, ṣaṣṭhīsāmarthyāt | tathā puruṣa ityukte sarvvaḥ svāmī gamyate, nirdeśasāmarthyāt | athedānīṃ rājapuruṣa ityukte, rājā puruṣamanyebhyaḥ svāmibhyo vinivartya svātmani saṃyunakti, puruṣo'pi rājānamanyebhyaḥ svebhyo vinivartya svātmanā saṃyunakti | tāvubhāvapyanyonyavimiśrapadārthakau mithaḥsaṃsṛṣṭapadārthau samasyete | athedānīṃ rājapuruṣa ānīyatāmityukte na rājānamānayanti, nāpi puruṣamātram, nāpyubhayam, kiṃ tarhi rājasvāmikaṃ puruṣamānayanti | evaṃ samāsārthaḥ || kutaḥ punaretat rājasvāmikāmiti ? pradhānopasarjane hi sahabhūte vivakṣitamekamarthaṃ brūtaḥ || rājapuruṣaśabdāvadhunā vigrahaprasaktāvāha''rājā rājateḥ'' rājaterdīptyarthasya (bhū0 u0) | dīpyate hyasau pañcānāṃ loka-
pālāṃnāṃ vapuṣā || “puruṣaḥ puriṣādaḥ” | pūḥ śarīraṃ buddhirvā, tayorasau viṣayopalabdhyarthaṃ sīdatīti puriṣād iti puruṣaḥ || “puriśayaḥ” athavā tayorasau śete viśeṣeṇāste. iti puriśayaḥ san puruṣa ityute || “pūrayatervā” pūrṇamanena puruṣeṇa sarvagatatvāt jagaditi puruṣaḥ || “pūrayatyantarityantarapuruṣamabhipretya” | antarityantarapuruṣābhiprāyeṇaivamucyate prāsaṅgikam | nigamaśca bhavati,– “yasmātparaṃ nāparamasti kiñcidyasmānnāṇīyo na jyāyo'sti kiñcit | vṛkṣa iva stabdho divi tiṣṭhatyekastenedaṃ pūrṇaṃ puruṣeṇa sarvam” | yasmāt paramaparaṃ vā na kiñcidasti yasmācca na kiñcidapyaṇīyo nāpi jyāyo'nyadasti, sa eva sarvamityabhiprāyaḥ | vṛkṣa iva stabdho nityasaṅkocavikāśadharmādividyotanavati svātmani sarvadvibhāgena tiṣṭhati yaḥ tena puruṣeṇedaṃ pūrṇaṃ sarvaṃ jagaditi |
3 |
17.2
taddhitasyaiva dvitīyamudāharaṇam,"kakṣyā rajjuraśvasya' kakṣyā ityeṣa taddhitaḥ || āha kā punariyaṃ kakṣyā ? iti | ucyate-yā aśvasya sannāharajjuḥ sā kaśyetyucyate || evaṃ kakṣyāśabdasya tattvamuktvādhunā taddhitārthaṃ bravīti, "kakṣaṃ sevate" | sā hi kakṣaṃ sevate, kakṣasaṃyuktā bhavati | kakṣe bhavā vā kakṣyā || adhunā kakṣapadārthaṃ nirvakti, "kakṣo gāhateḥ” viloḍanārthasya ( bhū0 ā0 )| kakṣayoreva hi balena viloḍayati strī dadhyādi dravyam | atra punaḥ- “ksa iti nāmakaraṇaḥ”| sarvamanyadādyantaviparyyayādi yathopapradarśitaṃ yathāsambhavaṃ yojyaṃ tatratatra || "khyātervānarthako'bhyāsaḥ" kakāraḥ, kakhyaḥ san kakṣa ityucyate || arthavāneva vā kakāraḥ | katham ? "kimasmin khyānamiti" | evaṃ kimasmin khyāpanīyamasti ? na kiñcidapi, adarśanīyatvāt, gṛhanīyo'yamityarthaḥ| sa eṣa evaṃ kṛtvā kityaḥ san kakṣa ityucyate || ''kaṣatervā (bhū0 pa0)'' nityakālaṃ hyasau khedaśīlatvāt kaṣṭaṃ dadāti, tato nakhaiḥ kaṣyate yataḥ, tasmāt kaṣaṇakriyāyogāt kakṣa ityucyate || ''tatsāmānyānmanuṣyakakṣaḥ''| strīkakṣasya sāmānyāt manuṣyakakṣo'pi kakṣa ityucyate | ''bāhumūlasāmānyādaśvasya''| aśvasyāpi yo bāhumūlapradeśaḥ, sa kakṣa ityucyate | taṃ sevaṃta iti kakṣyā || anye tu bruvate, -''pūrvvapūrvvamaparamaparaṃ pravibhajya nirbrūyāt'' iti 'pūrvaṃ' padaṃ 'pūrvvam' eva 'pravibhajya nirbrūyāt' 'aparaṃ' 'padam' 'aparam' eveti | etasminnevārthe kalpyamāne padānāmeva paurvāparyaṃ nirvacane taddhitasamāsayostvaniyamaḥ pūrvaṃ vā paścādveti | pūrvva eva tvarthaḥ sādhīyān |
12 ||
samāsasyaiva dvitīyamudāharaṇam,– “viśvakadrākarṣaḥ” iti | viśvakadramākarṣatīti viśvakadrākarṣaḥ || āha–kaḥ punarayaṃ viśvakadra iti ? “vīti cakradra iti śvagatau bhāṣyate” | vīti cakradra iti śabdadvayaṃ śvagatau bhāṣyate | śvabhiḥ sākaṃ yo gacchati manuṣyaḥ, tasmin bhāṣyate || “drātīti gatikutsanā” | atra punaḥ drātīti gatikutsanā | 'drā kutsāyāṃ gatau (adā0 pa0)'-ityuktam, idaṃ hi tasya kutsitagatitvam, yadasya śvabhiḥ saha gamagam || “kadrātīti drātikutsanā” | idānīṃ kadrātīti drātikutsanā kutsitakutsane tyarthaḥ | idameva tāvattasya kutsitatvaṃ yadasau śvabhiḥ saha gacchati | idamaparaṃ kutsitataratvamyad gatvā śvabhiḥ saha sattvāni hanti, tasmāt kadrātīti kutsitakutsanetyupapadyate || “ cakradrāti kadrātīti sato'narthako'bhyāsaḥ ” | athedānoṃ ca ityeṣa kadrātīti evameva sataḥ śabdasvarūpasyānarthaka evābhyāsaḥ| yadevoktaṃ bhavati kadrātīti tadeva cakradrātīti| “tadasminnastīti viśvakadraḥ” | tadasmin dvitayamapyasti,–kugatitvaṃ, kutsitataragatitvaṃ ca, nānāprakāramiti viśvakadraḥ śvajīvanaḥ puruṣaḥ | tamaparādhe kasmiṃścit varttamānamanyo ya ākarṣati, sa viśvakadrākarṣaḥ || anye tu bruvate, - śvaiva viśvakadraḥ, asyaiva hi svabhāvata eva hiṃsratvād gatiḥ kutsitā, sa ca punaḥ pādavikalaḥ, atastasya kutsitakutsitatvam | vītyubhayorthayormatvarthaḥ, tamākarṣati yaḥ puruṣaḥ, sa viśvakadrākarṣaḥ |
17.3
adhunā rūpasamāsaṃ darśayati, - “kalyāṇavarṇarūpaḥ kalyāṇavarṇasyevāsya rūpam” | kalyāṇavarṇaṃ suvarṇam, tasyeva yasya rūpaṃ sa kalyāṇavarṇarūpaḥ | agniranyo vā kaścit || kalyāṇādiśabdān vigrahaprasaktān nirbravīti, - “kalyāṇaṃ kamanīyaṃ bhavati” | prārthyate tat sarvaiṇaiva | “varṇo vṛṇoteḥ” | āvṛṇoti hi sa āśrayam | “rūpaṃ rocateḥ” | taddhi rocate, taddhi rociṣṇu rbhavati || “evaṃ taddhitasamāsānnibrūyāt”-ityupasaṃhāravacanam |
17.4
“naikapadāni nirbrūyāt” prakaraṇopapadarahitāni yāni santi, tāni kevalānyeva pareṇābhidrohabuddhyā pṛcchyamānāni na nirbrūyāt, na nirvaktavyānīti | kiṃ kāraṇam ? teṣā prakaraṇādupapadādvā arthaḥ śakyate'vadhārayitum, so'sau prakaraṇānabhijño'nyathaiva nirbrūyāt, tataśca pratyavāyena yogādapahāraiśca syāt | tadyathā,-'jahā'- ityekaṃ padaṃ prakaraṇopapadarahitam, [ tatra ] na vijñāyate-kiṃ hanteḥ (adā0 pa0), uta “ohāk tyāge (ju0 pa0)”-ityasya dhātoḥ syāt ? iti | tat punaretat“mā na eka̍sminnāga̍si̱ mā dvayo̍ru̱ta tri̱ṣu | vadhī̍rmā śūra̍ bhūri̍ṣu || (ṛ0 saṃ0 6, 3, 48, 4)” ityetasyāmṛci yadetanmā vadhīrivi padam, etad gamyate hanteḥ syāditi | kiṃ kāraṇam? 'vijñātaprakaraṇopapadasya hi samajasam̐ hyarthakaraṇaṃ nyāyyamityevamanavagatasaṃskārāṇāmekapadānāṃ prakaraṇādarthāvadhāraṇamupapadādvā śakyate kartum | ata idamuktam,-naikapada[āni] nirbrūyāt iti |
17.5
uktaṃ nirvacanalakṣaṇam, adhunā yasmai nirvaktavyo'yamuktanirvacana lakṣaṇaḥ samāmnāyaḥ, tasya lakṣaṇaṃ vaktavyamiti tadarthamidamārabhyate- "nāvaiyākaraṇāya" | yastāvadvaiyākaraṇaḥ, tasmai na nirvaktavyo'yaṃ samāmnāyaḥ, na hyasāvalakṣaṇajñatvāt vyutpādya nirucyamānametad budhyeta, tato vyartha eva śramaḥ syāditi |
17.6
kiñca, "nānupasannāya" | kimeti mahadadbhutamanena kṛtaṃ yad vyākaraṇamadhītamiti,- . etāvatā gauraveṇa vaiyākaraṇāyāpi na nirbrūyāt, dharmo hi sarvathaivāparityājyaḥ, tasmād vaiyākaraṇāyāpi samyagupasannāya parāṃ śiṣyavṛttitmāsthitāyaiva nirbrūyāt |
17.7
naivameva, kiñca, "anidaṃvide vā" | anidaṃvide vā vaiyākaraṇo'pi jaḍaḥ kaścidasamartha eva vedituṃ syāt, bahu veditavyamatrāsti, devatādi kiñcit | tasmai vaiyākaraṇāyāpi idaṃ veditumasamarthāya anidaṃvide naiva nirbrūyāt | athavā idamityātmaparyāyavāci | idaṃvide ātmavide, yogine | sa hyātmajñānavidhūtakalmaṣo'lpenaiva yatnena boddhuṃ sūkṣmānarthān śakta iti idaṃvide nirbrūyāt | athavā - yatkiñcicchāstramidamiti nirdiśyate | yena hyanyat kiñcidaśrutapūrvaṃ śāstraṃ tasmai na nirbrūyādidaṃ niruktaśāstramanāsphālitahṛdayakuṅmalāya |
17.8
kiṃ kāraṇam ? "nityaṃ hyavijñāturvijñāne'sūyā" | yo hi na vijānāti nāvabudhyate, tasyāvijñāturnityakālameva vijñāne asūyā, sa hyanavabudhyamāna ātmīyaṃ doṣamācāryya evāvasṛjati, -svayameva tāvadayaṃ nāvabudhyate kimasmān bodhayiṣyatīti | etasmāt kāraṇādaśrutapūrvānyaśāstrāyākhinnamanase nedaṃ nirbrūyāt |
17.9
“upasannāya tu nirbrūyāt yo vā'laṃ vijñātuṃ syānmedhāvine tapasvine vā” | ya eva tu medhāvī syāt-anyajanmāntarānubhāvitayā prajñayā yuktaḥ, yo vā tapasvī, kāmaṃ tābhyāmavaiyākaraṇābhyāmapi nirbrūyādeva, na hi tayorasādhyaṃ kiñcidasti, tapasā hi svayamapi vedārthaḥ prādurbhavedeva | yathā mantrāḥ prādurabhavan pūrveṣāmṛṣīṇām| medhāvyapi ca svayamapyutprekṣituṃ śaknuyāt, kimutāṃcyamānamavaboddhum | yo vānyaḥ kaścidalaṃ paryāpto vijñātumetacchāstraṃ bhavet, dṛḍhagrāhī sthirabuddhiḥ, tasmai nirbrūyādeva sarvathā yatātmane viditavedāṅgāya vedārthe brāhmaṇāya | anupasannāya naiva nirbrūyāt, yadyapi tapasvī, medhāvī, dṛḍhagrāhī vā || uktaṃ hi“yaścānyāyena nirbrūyādyaścānyāyena pṛcchati | tayoranyataro mṛtyuṃ vidveṣaṃ vā'dhigacchati” || iti |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit