Yāska's Nirukta 170
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 170
- Language
- Sanskrit
170.1
“parokṣakṛtāḥ pratyakṣakṛtāśca mantrā bhūyiṣṭhāḥ” āgamāntareṣu mantrāḥ || “alpaśaḥ” kvacit “ādhyātmikāḥ” lakṣyante | ātmānameva stotavyamavikṛtya ye'bhivyaktāsta iha śāstre ā-yātmikā ucyante |
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170.2
“athāpi” kvacit “stutireva bhavati” “nāśīrvādaḥ” tatra punarāśīryojyā | ki kāraṇam ? āśiṣo hyarthe stutiḥ prayujyata || āha kimudāharaṇam ? iti | ucyate“indrasya nu vīryāṇi pravocamiti yathaitasmin sūkte” ( ṛ0 sa0 1, 7, 2, 1) | atra hi stutireva śrūyate, nāśīḥ, sā punaryojyeti pratipāditam |
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170.3
"athāpi" kvacit "āśīreva, na stutiḥ"| tadyathā,-"sucakṣā ahamakṣībhyāṃ -suvarcā mukhena suśrutkarṇābhyāṃ bhūyāsamiti"-"tadetat" evaṃlakṣaṇaṃ mantrajātam "āścaryyave" vede "bahulaṃ" prāyeṇa dṛśyate | "yājñeṣu ca mantreṣu" kāryyakaraṇeṣvitarayorapi vedayoriṣṭāśīreva bhavati, na stutireva kevalā, yatrāpyāśīreva kevalā, tatrāpi tasyārthasya yā devateṣṭā, tasyāḥ stutiryojyā | kiṃ kāraṇam ? na hyanabhiṣṭutā devatā āśiṣaṃ samarddhayati |
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170.4
"athāpi śapathābhiśāpau" bhavataḥ | "a̱dyā mu̍rīya̱0-iti"-ityekamudāharaṇaṃ dvayorapi | vasiṣṭhaḥ kila 'rākṣasastvam'-ityabhiyuktaḥ, so'nayarcā śapathaṃ pratipede, paraṃ cābhiśaśāpa | "a̱dyā mu̍rīya̱ yadi̍ yātu̱dhāno̱ asmi̱ yadi̍ vā̱yusta̱tapa̱pūru̍ṣasya | adhā̱ sa vī̱rairdaśa̍bhi̱rvi yū̍yā̱ yo mā̱ mogha̍ṃ yātu̱dhāne̱tyāha̍ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 5, 7, 7, 5, )"-iti || "adyā mūrīya" adyaivāhaṃ mriye, "yadi yātudhānaḥ" "asmi" syām | 'yadi vā' 'āyuḥ' 'tatapa' taptavānahaṃ kasyacidapi 'puruṣasya' | atha punarayātudhānameva māṃ santaṃ yo moghamanṛtaṃ yātudhānastvamityevamāha, 'saḥ' 'vīraiḥ' putraiḥ 'daśabhiḥ' 'viyūyāḥ' viyūyāt viyujyatāmityabhiprāyaḥ |
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170.5
"athāpi kasyacit" "bhāvasya" arthasya "ācikhyāsā" mantreṣu bhavati | "na mṛ̱tyurā̍sīda̱mṛta̱ṃ na tarhi̱ na rātryā̱ aha̍ āsītprake̱taḥ | . ānī̍davā̱taṃ sva̱dhayā̱ tadeka̱ṃ tasmā̍ddhānyanna paraḥ kiṃ ca̱nāsa̍ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 7, 17, 2 )"-iti ||
prajāpateḥ parameṣṭhina ārṣam | tama āsīditīyañca | triṣṭup | bhāvavṛttam | "tarhi" prāgutpatterasya jagataḥ “mṛtyuḥ” ityayaṃ vyapadeśaḥ “nāsīt” marttyasyābhāvāt | “na” api “amṛtam” ityayaṃ vyapadeśa āsīt, mṛtyorabhāvādeva | itaretarāpekṣayā hi mṛtyuścāmṛtaṃ ca vyapadiśyete | 'na' eva 'rātryāḥ' 'praketaḥ' prajñānam 'āsīt' iyaṃ rātririti | nāpi 'ahnaḥ' | ete api hyahorātre yato bhagavato vivasvata udadyāstamayābhyāmupalakṣyete, tadabhāve hyete api nāstāmityetadupapadyate | āha-atha kimāsīt ? iti | ucyate-aviśiṣṭamaprajñātam 'ekam' eva sarvaśaktimat brahma āsīt, tat kāryyakāraṇābhāvāt 'avātam' 'ānīt' aniti prāṇisītyarthaḥ, sati hi kāryyakāraṇabhāve paramātmani yā prāṇanaśaktiḥ sā pañcadhā bhidyamānā prāṇāpānādibhāvamāpadyate, tadabhāve na vāto'stīti avātama nitītyupapadyate | 'svadhayā' annena asminneva paramātmani yā anna śaktiḥ, tayā nimittabhūtayā prāṇitītyervāśiṣyate 'tat' brahma || āha-kimanyadapi tataḥ parastāt kiñcidāsīt ? netyucyate-'tasmān h anyan' 'na' 'paraḥ' parastāt 'kiñcana āsa' kiñcidapyāsīt | idameva tāvadatikrāntamaviśepaṃ brahma vyapadeṣṭumaśakyamato'pi parastāt kimanyad bhaviṣyatītyabhiprāyaḥ || dvitīyamudāharaṇamācikhyāsāyāmeva |
“tama āsīt” andhenaiva “tamasā” “gūḷham” nigūḍham aviśiṣṭam 'apraketam' aprajñātam “agre” prāk sṛṣṭerityarthaḥ, tadā hi na draṣṭā, na darśanam, nāpi dṛśyo'rtha āsīdityabhiprāyaḥ | sāṃkhyāstu-tamaḥśabdena pradhānasodhyāpannaṃ guṇatrayamucyamānamicchanti, te hi paramarṣi sūtramadhīyate-“tama eva khalvidamagre āsīt” “tasmiṃstamasi kṣetrajña eva prathamo'dhyavarttata”-iti | 'salilaṃ' sadbhāve līnaṃ 'sarvvamidaṃ' jagat, sanmātrasyaiva bhāvasyopari līnamāsīt | 'tucchyena' tucchena sūkṣṇībhūtena paṭamaṇḍapasthānīyena karmaṇā 'yat apihitam' idameva jagat 'āsīt' sargakālāpekṣitamanādimatvāt saṃsārasya | 'tapasaḥ' tasyaiva karmaṇaḥ 'mahinā' mahimnā māhābhāgyena kāraṇāvasthāyām 'ekam' api 'sat' anakadhā upasthite sargakāle pratiniyatakarmopabhogārtham 'ajāyata' iti |
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170.6
"athāpi paridevanā, kasmāccit bhāvāt, - 'sudevo adyaprapatedanāvṛtta', 'na vijānāmi yadi vedamasmi'-iti"| udāharaṇe | "sudevo adya prapa̍te̱danā̍vṛtpa̱rāvata̍ṃ para̱māṃganta̱vā u̍ | adha̱ā śayī̍ta̱ nirṛte̍rupa̱sthe'dhaina̱ṃ vṛkā̍ rabha̱sāso̍ a̱dyuḥ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 5, 3, 4 )"-iti || purūravama ārṣam | triṣṭup | paridevanā || "sudevaḥ” sa śobhano devaḥ syāt, yo hyanayā priyayā urvaśyā viyukto bhṛguprapātam "anāvṛt" anāvarttamānaḥ "adya prapatet” | 'parāvataṃ paramāṃ gantavai ūm' patitaśca dūrāt dūrataraṃ gacchet, adya atha gatvā 'śayīta' mṛtaḥ san 'nirṛteḥ' bhūmeḥ 'upasthe' upari | 'adhā' atha 'enaṃ' tāmavasthāmāpannaṃ 'vṛkāḥ' vikarttāraḥ śvaśṛgālādayaḥ 'rabhasāmaḥ' rabhasvanto vegavantaḥ 'adyuḥ' bhakṣayeyuḥ | nāhaṃ sudevaḥ, kintu ma sudevo yastayā viyukta etāmavasthāmāpnuyādityevameṣā "paridevanā" saṃśayotthāpanam || "na vijā̍nāmi̱ yadi̍ ve̱damasmi̱i ni̱ṇyaḥ saṃna̍ddho mana̍sā carāmi | ya̱dā mārganprathama̱jā ṛ̱tasyādidvāco a̍śnuve bhāgama̱syāḥ || ( ṛ0 sa0 2, 3, 21, 2 )"-iti || dīrghatamasa ārṣam | asyavāmīye || "na" etat ahaṃ "vi" vispaṣṭaṃ "jānāmi" "yadi vā idam asmi" kāraṇaṃ paraṃ brahmākhyam ? || athavā idaṃ tatkāryyaṃ dvaitamasmīti | anayoḥ kāryyakāraṇayordvaitādvaitayorantarā varttamānaḥ 'niṇyaḥ' antarhitaḥ, avidyayā 'saṃnaddhaḥ' ca | anekaiḥ sandehagranthibhiḥ 'manasā' ubhe api dvaitādvaite 'carāmi' gacchāmītyarthaḥ | evaṃ sati 'yadā' 'mā ā agan' mām āgacchet 'prathamajā' buddhiḥ, sā hi sarvendriyebhyaḥ prathamaṃ jāyate 'ṛtasya' bhagavata ādityasya svabhūtā, tasya hi prakṛṣṭā buddhiḥ, prahīṇasarvasaṃśayā, tayā sarvamidamasaṃśayaṃ parijñāya kimahaṃ kāraṇasatattva uta dvaitasatattva iti | tataḥ 'asyāḥ' kṛtsnaprājñatāyāḥ 'vācaḥ' 'bhāgam' aham 'aśnuve' aśnuyām, yadiyaṃ kṛtsnā vāgabhibadati tatsarvamahamāpnuyāmityarthaḥ || evamayamātmanindāpūrvvako vilāpaḥ paridevanetyucyate, yadi nāma evaṃ syāt sādhu syāditi |
170.7
"athāpi" mantreṣu "nindāpraśaṃse" bhavataḥ | tadyathā,-"kevalāgho bhavati kevalādī" "bhojasyedaṃ puṣkariṇīva veśma"- "iti" | ete udāharaṇe || "moghamanna̍ṃ vindate̱ apra̍cetāḥ satyaṃ bra̍vīmi va̱dha it sa tasya̍ | nārya̱maṇaṃ puṣya̍ti̱ no sakhā̍yaṃ kevalāgho bhavati kevalādī || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 6, 23, 1 )"-iti || bhikṣurnāmāṅgirasastasyaiṣārṣam | triṣṭup | adadato nindā | 'moghaṃ' vitatham 'annaṃ' 'vindate' prāpnoti | āha-kaḥ ? iti | ucyate-yaḥ 'apracetāḥ' apravṛddhajñānaḥ | 'satyam' aha 'bravīmi'- 'vadha it sa tasya' vadha eva so'nnalābhastasya, varamalabdhaṃ tenānnamityabhiprāyaḥ | kiṃ punaḥ kāraṇaṃ moghamasāvannaṃ vindate ? iti | ucyate-'na' asau 'aryamaṇam' ādityaṃ 'puṣyati' 'no' nāpi 'sakhāyaṃ' samānakhyānaṃ manuṣyam, na devān puṣṇāti, nāpi manuṣyānityabhiprāyaḥ | yata evamataḥ "kevalāgho bhavati" saḥ "kevalādī" ātmanaiva 'kevalaṃ yo'nnamatti, na devapitṛmanuṣyebhyo dadāti, sa kevalamaghameva prāpnoti | taduktamanyatrāpi"bhuñjate te tvaghaṃ pāpā ye pacantyātmakāraṇāt"-iti | tasmād vadha eva sa tasyānnalābha ityupapadyate, na hyasatyanne pratyaveyādadadadannamityabhiprāyaḥ, annasaṃyoga eva hyatra vadho'bhipretaḥ | kecittvenamanadhyātmavidamapracetasa manyante, sa hyasmin śarīre vivakṣitaḥ | 'na aryyamaṇam' ādityāntarapuruṣaṃ bhoktāraṃ paśyati, 'no' nāpi 'sakhāyaṃ' prāṇavāyum, sa hi bhujyamāne'nne karaṇabhāvaṃ puṣṇātīti sakhā, kevalaṃ tvasāvavidvānātmānameva bhoktāramatra paśyati, ataḥ saḥ 'kevalāgho bhavati' yadi sa devatāḥ paśyedeva tā annabhāṃjīḥ, sa hi tanna bhuktena na kevalāghaḥ syāditi || "bhojā̱yāśva̍ṃ saṃmṛ̍jantyā̱śuṃ bhojāyā̍ste ka̱nyā̱ 3 śumbha̍mānā | bho̱jasye̱daṃ pu̍ṣkari̱ṇīva̍ ve̱śma pari̍ṣkṛtaṃ de̱vamā̍nevaci̱tram || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 6, 4, 5 )'- iti ||
dakṣiṇā nāma prajāpaterduhitā, tayā sūktamātmanaḥ stutisambaddhaṃ dṛṣṭam | tatraiṣā jaigatī | dātṛpraśaṃsā || 'bhojāya' rājñe 'aśvam' 'āśuṃ' śīghraṃ 'saṃmṛjanti' sammārjayanti snāpayanti bhṛtyāḥ | kiñca, 'bhojāya' udvahanārthamanyān varānapāsya 'śumbhamānā' svalaṅkṛtā śobhamānā 'kanyā' 'āmte' sa hi tāmarhatītyabhiprāyaḥ || kiñca, “bhojasya” "idaṃ” “veśma” gṛhaṃ 'pariṣkṛtaṃ' saṃskṛtaṃ "puṣkariṇī iva" 'devamānā iva' puṣkarairdaivataṃ vimānamiva 'citraṃ' cāyanīyamityarthaḥ | tadetat sarvamapyasya janmāntaraprativiśiṣṭadakṣiṇāsahitāt karmaṇo'nyebhyaḥ karmabhyaḥ sakāśāt phalātirekyamityevameṣā dakṣiṇāpraśaṃsā || yathaivamiha mantradvaye nindā praśaṃsā ca, "evamakṣasūkte dyūtanindā ca kṛṣipṛśaṃsā ca” bhavatīti viṣayopapradarśanārthamāha
mṛjavānnāmā akṣaputrastasyeyamarṣam| triṣṭup || 'akṣaiḥ mā dīvyaḥ'- iti akṣadevanapratiṣedhaḥ, tatra hi bahavo'narthāḥ santi | 'kṛṣimit kṛṣamva' - iti kṛṣividhānam | tasyāṃ hi bahavo guṇāḥ saṃti | 'vitte ramasva' svalpa edyopārjite 'bahu' etadeveti 'manyamānaḥ' mā vittalobhena dīvyaḥ, nijamapi vittaṃ hārayiṣyāsi, kṛṣi punaretasmāt kāraṇāt kṛṣasva | he 'kitava !' 'tatra' tasyāṃ kṛṣau 'gāvaḥ' santi, 'tatra' tasyāṃ ca 'jāṃyā' | 'tat' punaretat 'me' mama 'savitā' devaḥ, 'aryaḥ' īśvaraḥ, 'vi' śrutismṛtyanuśāsanadvāreṇa vividhamanekaprakāram ā 'caṣṭe' ubhe api hīme śrutismṛtī manvādidvāreṇa ādityāntarapuruṣaprabhave eva, ata idamuktam-'savitāvaitanmama vicaṣṭe' iti |
170.8
“evam” anena prakāreṇa "uccāvacairabhiprāyaiḥ” bahubhiḥ, athavā-prakṛṣṭāmakṛṣṭamadhyamaiḥ mantrābhivyaktinidānabhūtaiḥ "ṛṣīṇāṃ” “mantradṛṣṭayaḥ” mantradarśanāni “bhavanti” vidyamānānāmeva hi mantrāṇāmṛṣayo yena kenacinnimittena nidānabhūtena nindāmaharṣaśokapraśaṃsādinā mantrāṇāṃ draṣṭāro bhavanti, na tu karttāra ityabhiprāyaḥ | tadapyārṣānukramaṇyāṃ nidānamārṣaṃ ca ubhayamupekṣitavyam, . parijñātārṣanidāno hi sukhamanekaviṣayaṃ mantrārthamavaboddhuṃ śaknotīti | tadetadiha lakṣaṇoddeśato bhāṣyakāreṇa pradarśitam |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit