Yāska's Nirukta 18
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 18
- Language
- Sanskrit
18.1
athāpyetamarthamadhikṛtyodāharanti-“vidyā ha vai brāhmaṇamājagāma”-iti | vidyā kila kāmarūpiṇī bhūtvā vidyādhidevatā vā saṃyatātmānaṃ viditavedāṅgavedārthaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ prati kaścidājagāma | tametya prahvībhūtovāca-| kim iti ? “gopāya mā” rakṣa mām | tataḥ “te” “ahaṃ” guptā satī “śevadhiḥ” bhaviṣyāmi, sukhanidhānamityarthaḥ | āha-kutaḥ punastvāṃ rakṣāmi ? ucyate-“ asūyakāyānujave'yatāya ” asūyakaḥ parāpavādaśīlaḥ | anṛjuḥ yasya manovāgdeheṣu asamāḥ pravṛttayaḥ | ayataḥ viprakīrṇendriyaḥ--yatkiñcanakārī aśuciḥ | evaṃlakṣaṇāya “na mā brūyāḥ” tvam | kiṃ tathā bhaviṣyati ? “vīryavatī tathā” ahaṃ tava “syām” bhaveyamityarthaḥ |
4 |
“athāto'nukramiṣyāmaḥ” || “samāmnāyaḥ samāmnātaḥ, sa vyākhyātavyaḥ”-iti pratijñātam ( 1 |
1) | sā ca punariyaṃ vyākhyā sāmānyā vaiśeṣikī ca | tatra sāmānyā,-sarveṣāṃ nāmnāmidaṃ sāmānyalakṣaṇam, idamākhyātānām, idamupasargāṇām, idaṃ nipātānām--iti | so'yamanayaiva prakārayā vyākhyayā kṛtsnaḥ samāmnāyo vyākhyātaḥ, tadanuṣaktānyeva ca śāstrārambhaprayojanānyuktāni, āgamaśca pariśodhitaḥ, vedavedāṅgavyūhaśca saprayojana uktaḥ, nighaṇṭucchāstrāgamahetuścā copadiṣṭaḥ prakaraṇatrayavibhāgena, nirvacanalakṣaṇaṃ cānekaprapañcamuktam || athedānoṃ viśeṣavyākhyayā pratipadamayaṃ samāmnāyo vyākhyātavyaḥ, tadadhikārārtho'yam “atha” śabdaḥ | “ataḥ” śabdaḥ krame hetau vā, | sāmānyavyākhyānādanantaraṃ viśeṣavyākhyānam, tadadhikārārthamevāvasaraprāptamityevaṃ krame | athavā hetau yasmāt sāmānyataḥ samāmnāyo vyākhyātaḥ ata idānīṃ viśeṣataḥ “anukramiṣyāmaḥ” ānupūrvyeṇa kramiṣyāmo varṇayiṣyāmaḥ, vyākhyāyeti śeṣaḥ || āha-kiṃlakṣaṇā punarasau vyākhyā ? iti | ucyate-tattvaparyāyabhedasaṅkhyāsaṃdigdhasandigdhodāharaṇatannirvacanavibhāgena yadākhyānaṃ sā vyākhyā naighaṇṭuke prakaraṇe | tadyathā, tattvam-“gauriti pṛthivyā nāmadheyam”--ityevamādi | paryāyavacanam-prasiddhenābhidhānenāprasiddhasyārthasya khyāpanam, tadyathā-pṛthivyā nāmadheyaṃ gauriti | bhedo vyutpattiriti samānārthaḥ, tadyathā-“yad dūraṃ gatā bhavati”--ityevamādi | saṃkhyā, tadyathā--“pṛthivīnāmadheyānyekaviṃśatiḥ” | sandigdham,-“tatra nirṛtirnirmaraṇādṛcchateḥ kṛcchrāpattiritarā sā pṛthivyā sandihyate”--ityevamādi | sandigdhodāharaṇam, “ya īṃ cakāra” ityevamādi | tannirvacanam--“ bahuprajāḥ kṛcchramāpadyata iti parivrājakāḥ”--ityevamādi | evaṃ prakārayā vyākhyayā idaṃ naighaṇṭukaprakaraṇaṃ vyākhyāyate |
5 |
18.2
“ya ātṛṇattyavitathena karṇau”| adhunā śiṣyopadeśamāha-ya ātṛṇatti, ābhinatti, apihitāviva santau karṇau vivṛṇoti | avitathena, satyena brahmaṇā || kathaṃ punarātṛṇatti ? “aduḥkhaṃ kurvannamṛtaṃ samprayacchan” | yo hi kiñcidātṛṇatti, sa duḥkhayati, ayaṃ punaḥ
sukhamātṛṇatti | kiñca, amṛtatvaprāptihetuṃ jñānaṃ samprayacchan || āha-ya ātṛṇatti tasmai kim iti ? ucyate-"taṃ manyeta pitaraṃ mātaraṃ ca" netarau mātāpitarāvityabhiprāyaḥ | uktaṃ ca,"utpādakabrahmadātrorgarīyānbrahmadaḥ pitā || brahmajanma hi viprasya pretya ceha ca śāśvatam || ( ma0 saṃ0 2, 146 )" || "tasmai" mātāpitṛbhūtāya gurave "na druhyet" | "katamaccanā'ha"-kadācidapi āpadyapi kaṣṭāyāmityabhiprāyaḥ |
4 |
adhunā itarān duṣṭaśiṣyān abhiśapanto vidyā idamāha,-"adhyāpitā ye guruṃ nādriyante" ityādi | adhyāpitāḥ santo ye guruṃ prati nādriyante, nādaraṃ kurvanti || ke punaste iti ? ucyate-"viprāḥ" medhāvinaḥ santo gṛhītavidyāḥ || kathaṃ punarnādriyante ? "vācā manasā karmaṇā vā"||āha-kiṃ teṣām iti ? ucyate-"yathaiva" "te" tasya "guroḥ" "na" "bhojanīyāḥ" na bhojyāḥ, na bhojanārhāḥ, "tathaiva" "tān" "tat" "śrutam" api "na bhunakti" na pālayati, śrutaphalena na saṃyunaktītyarthaḥ |
4 |
"gauriti pṛthivyā nāmadheyam" || āha—yasmāt kāraṇād dravye śabdaniveśo nairuktānāṃ, taducyatāṃ kāraṇaṃ, kena kāraṇena gośabdaḥ pṛthivyāṃ sanniviṣṭaḥ ? iti| ucyate"yat" yasmāt iyaṃ "dūram" adhvānaṃ prati "gatā bhavati" na hyasyā anta upalabhyate, "yat" yasmāt "ca" "asyāṃ bhūtāni gacchanti" ādhārabhūtāyām | evaṃ kartṛkārakamadhikaraṇaṃ vā yojyam | "gātervā" "gāṅ gatau ( bhū0 ā0 )"-ityasya dhātoḥ "okāro nāmakaraṇaḥ" pratyayaḥ |
5 |
18.3
"athāpi" gaurityetat "paśunāma" "bhavati" "iha" eva kārakadvaye, "etasmādeva" dhātudvayād gamergātervā |
5 |
18.4
adhunā yasmai vaktavyā, tasya lakṣaṇaṃ bravīti-"yameva" "vidyāḥ" jānīyāḥ, tvam | "śucimapramattam " yamaniyameṣu | "medhāvinaṃ" ca "brahmacaryopapannam " | kiñca, "yaḥ te na druhyet" na drohamupagacchet | "katamaccanāha " kadācidapi sarvāsvapyāpatsu "tasmai mā" mām "brūyāḥ" tvam "nidhipāya" goptre "brahman !" || āha-"nidhiḥ" kaḥ ? iti | ucyate-"śevadhiḥ" "iti " śeva iti sukhanāma,
sukhanidhānamityarthaḥ| brahmakośo hi nidhiḥ sukhānīṃ kṛtsnasya jagato yannadvāreṇa, ata idamuktaṃ nidhiḥ śevadhiriti |
“athāpyasyām” eva paśugavi “tāddhitena” prayogeṇākṛtasnāyāṃ satyāṃ “kṛtsnavannigamā bhavanti”| tadyathā,-“gobhiḥ śrīṇīta matsaram iti” gorekadeśasya “payasaḥ” kṛtsnavat prayogaḥ | tadetacchiṣyabuddhivyutpādanārthamanekaprakāraṃ śabdavṛttiviṣayopapradarśanaṃ kriyate, kathaṃ nāmopapradarśitaśabdavṛttiviṣayo'saṃmuhyan mantrārthān nirbrūyāditi || “ā̱dhāva̍tā su̱hastyaḥ śu̱krā gṛ̍bhṇīta ma̱nthinā̍ | gobhi̍ḥ śrīṇīta ma̱tsaram || (ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 1, 3, 4)” | imāṃ gāyatrīmayāsya āṅgiraso'paśyat | grāvastutau viniyuktā | he adhvaryavaḥ ! ebhiḥ grāvabhiḥ saṃskṛta eṣa somaḥ | te yūyaṃ he ‘suhastyaḥ’ suvarṇenālaṅkṛtahastāḥ || kim ? ‘ādhāvata’ | ‘ ā’ ‘gṛbhṇatī’ gṛhīta, etau ‘śukrā’ ‘manthinā’ grahāvanatikrāntakālam | kiñca, ‘gobhiḥ’ gobhyo'bhiniṣpannena kṣīreṇa ‘śrīṇīta’ enam ‘matsaraṃ’ mādayitāraṃ somaṃ maitrāvaruṇagrahetāmupagatam | ‘śṛtaśītena tṛtīyasavane vā pūtabhṛtyāśireṇa tato'natikrāntakālaṃ juhuta’ evaṃ mantravidhānādaśakyatvācca gobhiḥ śrapaṇasya gavyena payaseti gamyate || “matsaraḥ somo mandatestṛptikarmaṇaḥ” tṛpyanti hi anena devatāḥ || śabdasāmānyaprasaṅgaprasaktamucyate,-“matsara iti lobhanāmābhimatta enena dhanaṃ bhavati” | tena hyāviṣṭo dhanābhimukhyena matto bhavati || paryāyākhyānaprasaktaṃ nirucyate, - “payaḥ pibatervā pānārthasya” (adā0 pa0), pīyate hi tat | “pyāyatervā” vṛddhyarthasya ( bhū0 ā0 ), tena hi varddhante prāṇinaḥ || prasaktānuprasaktaṃ nirucyate, - “kṣīraṃ kṣarateḥ” ścyotanārthasya ( bhū0 ā0 ), ścotate hi tadūhasaḥ | “ghaservero nāmakaraṇaḥ” aderghasa ādeśaḥ kriyate, atastenaiva siddharūpeṇa nirdiśyate | dhātvantaramiti vā kecit | jñāpakaṃ ca dadāti,-“uśīramiti yathā” | “vaśa kāntau (adā0 pa0)” tasya kṛtasamprasāraṇasya īrapratyayenośīramiti bhavati | taddhi saugandhyākrāntaṃ bhavati |
18.5
| "aṃśuṃ duhanto adhyāsate gavyatyadhiṣavaṇacarmaṇaḥ"| kṛtsnavadabhidhāyakaḥ | "te somādo harī indra̍sya̱ nisa̍tè'śuṃ duhanto adhyāsate gavi̍ | te̱bhirdugdhaṃ pa̍pi̱vāntsomya̱ṃ madhvindro̍ vardhate prathate vṛṣāyate̍|| (ṛ0 saṃ0 8,4,30,4)"|
nigamaprasaktaṃ nirucyate, - "aṃśuḥ śamaṣṭamātro bhavati" | aṣṭamātro vyāmamātro hi sa yajamānena | tasyaiva śaṃ bhavati, sukhī bhavati | dṛṣṭasomo hyatṛṇo'hyāmati vigatamanoduḥkho bhavati | "ananāya śaṃ bhavatīti vā" ananāya jīvanāya śaṃ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāṃ bhavati, sukhī bhavatīti vā | yajño hi varṣe pravṛtta hetustataśca sarvabhūtāni sukhaṃ jīvanti || vyākhyānaprasaktaṃ nirucyate- "carma caratervā" caritaṃ hi tatsarvasmin śarīre gatamityarthaḥ | "ucchṛttaṃ bhavatīti vā" ucchṛttam utkarttitaṃ śarīrāditi vā |
"athāpi snāva ca śleṣmā ca" gośabdenocyata iti śeṣaḥ | "gobhiḥ sannaddhā patati prasūtetīṣustutau" || | "suparṇaṃ vaste mṛgo'a̍syā danto̱ gobhi̱ḥ sanna̍ddhā patati̱ prasū̍tā || yatrā̱ nara̱ḥ saṃ ca̱ vi ca̱ drava̍nti̱ tatrā̱smabhya̱miṣa̍va̱ḥ śarma̍ yaṃsan || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 5, 1, 21, 1) | ( ya0 vā0 saṃ0 29 47 )" | sā hi snāvnā veṣṭitā bhavati, śleṣmaṇā ca saṃśleṣitā |
"jyāpi gaurucyate" | sā punaḥ "cet" yadi "gavyā tāddhitam" abhidhānam, "atha" punaḥ "na cet gavyā, gamayatīṣūniti" gauranyaddravyam || ||
18.6
"athāpi carma ca śleṣmā ca" gośabdenocyata iti śeṣaḥ | "gobhiḥ sannaddho asi vīḷayasveti rathastutau" || | "vana̍spate vī̱ḍva̍ṅgo hi bhū̱yā a̱smatsa̍khā pra̱tara̍ṇaḥ su̱vīra̍ḥ || gobhi̱ḥ sanna̍ddho asi vī̱ḷaya̍svāsthātā te̍ jayatu jetvāni || (ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 7, 25, 10) | (ya0 vā0 saṃ0 29, 52) (atharva0 saṃ0 6, 125) " ||
sa hi carmaṇāvānaddho bhavati, śleṣmaṇā ca tasya avayavāḥ saṃśleṣitā bhavanti|
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit