Yāska's Nirukta 20
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 20
- Language
- Sanskrit
20.1
ārṣṭiṣeṇa iti || etayā devānastaut | triṣṭup || "ārṣṭiṣeṇaḥ ṛṣṭiṣeṇasya putraḥ, iṣitasenasyeti vā" | anyakalpāntarīṇo'nyakalpāntarīṇasyaiva śantanorvarṣārthīya karmaṇi hotṛtve vṛtaḥ "hotraṃ" karma prati "niṣīdan" upaviṣṭavān | tato'pi "devāpiḥ" nāma nāmnā "devasumatiṃ" devānā kalyāṇīṃ matimudakasampradānābhimukhīṃ kartu "cikitvān" jānānaḥ | sa hi tathā'staut, yathā devānāmudakasampradānābhimukhī matirabhūt | tataḥ parituṣṭeṣu deveṣu "saḥ" devāpiḥ "uttarasmāt" antarikṣākhyāt samudrāt "adharaṃ" samudraṃ pārthivaṃ prati | eṣa vibhāgaḥ samudrayoḥ | "apo divyāḥ" praśastāḥ sasyasampatkarīḥ "asṛjat" akṣārayat | kilakṣaṇāḥ ? "varṣyāḥ" varṣabhūtāḥ "abhi" sarvabhūtānāmupari | sa devāpyadhikāre vartamāna etadakarot | anyasmin kalpe'pi devāpirmantrāyeta devamevāsmintyeva varttamānenābhisambadhyata iti samastārthaḥ ||
athaikapadaniruktam-ṛṣṭirāyudhaviśeṣaḥ, tadbahulā senā yasya, so'yamṛṣṭiṣeṇaḥ iṣitaseno vā nityameva preṣitasenaḥ śatrūn prati ||
"senā, seśvarā" | inetīśvaranāma, tena hi sā nityameva saṃyuktā bhavati || "samānagatirvā" samānamekamarthamuddiśya jayākhyametīti senā || "putraḥ, puru trāyate" bahvapi yat pitrā pāpaṃ kṛtaṃ bhavati, tato'yaṃ trāyati putraḥ || "niparaṇādvā" nipṛṇāti nidadāti hyasau piṇḍān pitṛbhya iti putraḥ || athavā "put" iti "narakaṃ" narakasthānamucyate, "tatastrāyata iti vā" putraḥ ||
"ṛṣirdarśanāt" paśyati hyasau sūkṣmānapyarthān || "stomān dadarśetyaupamanyavaḥ" | mantrāḥ stomāḥ, tānasau tārakeṇa jñānena paśyatītyevam aupamanyavaḥ ācāryo manyate || brāhmaṇamapi caitasminnarthe darśayati,-"tadyadenāṃstapasyamānān brahmasvayambhvabhyānarṣatta ṛṣayo'bhavaṃstadṛṣīṇāmṛṣitvamiti" ityādi | tat etat | ucyate,-yatkṛtamṛṣīṇāmṛṣitvam | yat yasmāt enān tapasyamānān tapyamānān brahma ṛgyajuḥsāmākhyaṃ svayambhu sthitaḥ | "saḥ" "asmai" varṣasādhikāṃ "vācam" "ayacchan" adadādityarthaḥ | tayā vācā tadanugṛhītayā devān stutvā tebhyo varṣamalabhateti samastārthaḥ || athaikapadaniruktam |- "śantanuḥ" kasmāt ? iti | ucyate,--sa hi kañcidaṅgāttaṃ dṛṣṭvā bravīti he "tano śaṃ" tava "astu iti" tato'sāvagado bhavati || atha "vā" "śamasmai tanvā astviti" evamasāvāśāste || śamiti sukhanāma | tanuḥ śarīraṃ tadasmai nityaṃ śarīrāyāśāste || "purohitaḥ" śāntikapauṣṭikābhicārikeṣu karmasu "pura enaṃ dadhati" rājānaḥ puraskurvantītyarthaḥ || "devaśrutaṃ" "devāḥ" hi "enaṃ" stutīruccārayantaṃ "śṛṇvanti" iti devaśrut, taṃ devaśrutam | "rarāṇaḥ" iti "rātiḥ" dānārthaḥ "abhyastaḥ" || "bṛhadupavyākhyātam" | "bṛhaditi mahato nāmadheyam, parivṛḍhaṃ bhavati" (1|
7|1) iti | mantranidānadvāreṇa dharmo'yamatra darśitaḥ | jyeṣṭhe tiṣṭhati kanīyaso rājyaprāptirdharmātikramaḥ | dharmātikrame ca devo na varṣatīti || niruktapakṣe,-ṛṣṭaṣeṇo madhyamaḥ, tadapatyamayamagniḥ pārthiva ārṣṭiṣeṇo devāpiḥ, sa śantanave sarvasmai yajamānāyeti yojyam | bṛhaspatiḥ vācaspatiriti madhyamaḥ | stanayitnulakṣaṇāṃ vācamityarthaḥ |
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(sādhāraṇānāṃ ṣaṇṇāṃ nāmnāṃ nirvacanam )
lokābhidhānādhikāreṇedamucyate, - "sādhāraṇānyuttarāṇi ṣaṭ, divaścādityasya ca" iti | samānaṃ priyanta iti sādhāraṇāni nāmānītyadhikāro varttate | ata eva uttarāṇi prakṛtamapekṣya || kiṃ cātra prakṛtam ? antarikṣanāmāni ( a. 2 khaṃ. 9 ) | tebhya imānyuttarāṇi | kiyanti punastāni ? ṣaṭ 6 | kayoḥ punaḥ sādhāraṇāni ? divaścādityasya ca || katamāni punastāni ? " svaḥ, pṛśniḥ, nākaḥ, " -ityevamādīni |
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20.2
"yāni svasya" ādityasya "prādhānyena" varttante pradhānastutibhāñji nāmāni,— "savitā, bhagaḥ, sūryyaḥ, pūṣā"-ityevamādīni, "tāni upariṣṭādvyākhyāsyāmaḥ" sapta [ dvā ] daśe'dhyāye | imāni tu naighaṇḍukāni saṃsṛṣṭarūpāṇi ca dyunāmabhiḥ sākamityata iha naighaṇḍukaprakaraṇe nirucyante |
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20.3
āha—"ādityaḥ" eva tāvat "kasmāt ?" iti| ucyate--śṛṇu-- "ādatte" hyasau "rasān" raśmibhirityādityaḥ || "ādatte bhāsaṃ jyotiṣām" tadudaye hiṃ candrādīnāṃ prabhānāśo bhavatyeva anyagrahāpekṣametat || "ādīpto bhāseti vā" sarvato hyeṣa bhāsā ādīpta āvṛtto bhavati || "aditeḥ putra iti vā" aditirdevamātā, tasyāḥ putraḥ, so'yamāditeyaḥ sannāditya ityucyate |
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20.4
"alpaprayogaṃ tvasyaitadārvābhyāmnāye sūktabhāk sūryyamāditeyam" iti | alpaprayogam alpaprayogaviṣayam | tuśabdo viśeṣaṇārthaḥ | etadevālpaprayogaviṣayam, itarāṇi savitṛbhagapūṣādīni bahuprayogaviṣayāṇi asya ādityasya| kālpaprayogaviṣayam ? ārvābhyāmnāye ṛco yasminnāmnāye'bhyuparyyuparyuparyāmnātāḥ, so'yamārcābhyāmnāyo dāśatayaḥ, tasminnalpaprayogaviṣayam | "aditeḥ putram" etadaditeḥ putratvābhiprāyamabhidhānam-āditeya iti| sūktabhāk evaṃ caitadabhidhānaṃ na havirbhāk | na hyāditeya ityanena nāmnā havirādhvaryyave coditapūrvamasti | yathā tvetat sūktameva naighaṇḍukavṛttyā bhajate tathedamudāharaṇam-sūryyamāditeyam iti | "ya̱dede̍namadadhurya̱jñiyā̍so di̱vi de̱vāḥ sūrya̍mādi̱teyam | ya̱dā ca̍ri̱ṣṇū mi̍thunāvabhū̍tāmādi̱tprāpa̍śya̱nbhuva̍nāni̱ viśvā̍ || (ṛ0saṃ0,4, 12, 1)"—ityasyāmṛci || anye tu manyante,—āditya ityetadevālpaprayogamiti | tanna tvetad viruddhayate-sūktabhāgiti | havirapi hyanenābhidhānena codyate- "ādityaṃ bahurūpamālabheta"— iti | tasya ca paśoratat ṣaḍarcam---" ādityo deva udgāt purastāt"-iti ||
atha caivemanyathā vākyadvayapravibhāgena syāt, -alpaprayogaṃ sūktamevāsmyāmnāye āditya iti havirbhāk, sūktabhāk ca, alpaṃ haviḥ, sūktamadhikamityarthaḥ| idantvanyatsūktameva naighaṇṭukavṛttyā bhajati, na kadācidapi haviḥ, iti |
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20.5
ādityaśabdaprasaktamāha, - "evamanyāsāmapi devatānām" iti | devatābhedapakṣamapekṣyedamucyate,-"āditya [ abhidhāna ] pravādāḥ stutayo bhavanti" | "tadyathā etat" udāharaṇajātam, -"mitrasya varuṇasyāryyamṇo dakṣasya bhagasyāṃśasya iti" | "i̱mā gira̍ ādi̱tyebhyo̍ ghṛ̱tsnūḥ sunā̱drārjebhyo juhvā̍ juhomi | śṛ̱ṇotu̍ mi̱tro a̍rya̱mā bhago̍ nastu vijā̱to varu̍ṇo̱ dakṣo̍ a̱ṃśaḥ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 7, 6, 1 )" | - ityasyāmṛci sarve evādityapravādaiḥ stutyā stūyante |
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20.6
"athāpi mitrāvaruṇayoḥ" ādityapravādāḥ stutayo bhavanti | tadyathā"ādityā dānunaspatī |" "dānapatī" | "tā sa̱mrājā̍ ghṛ̱tāsu̍tī ādi̱tyā dā̍nunaspatī | sace̍te anavahvaram ||” ( ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 8, 8, 1 )" | iyamṛk gāyatrī gṛtsamadena dṛṣṭā | abhiplavasya ṣaḍahasya dvitīye'hani praugaṃ nāma śastram' tatra "ayaṃ vāṃ mitrāvaruṇā sutaḥ somaḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 8, 7, 4 )"-ityeṣa tṛcaḥ śasyate, tasyottamā eṣā | 'tā samrājā' tau sandīptau 'ghṛtāsutī' tau hi ghṛta mudarkamāsuvāte, varṣakarmaṇā janayataḥ | 'ādityā' ādityau aditeḥ putrau 'dānunaspatī' dānānāmīśāte tau yajamānaiḥ samyak stutibhirhavirbhiśca saṃsevitau santau 'sacete' pratisaṃsevete yajamānamabhimatairdānaiḥ | 'anavahvaram' anavarudhyamānāvityarthaḥ | yajamānaviśeṣaṇaṃ vā yuktam | na kṛtaghnau, śaktau ca dātumityevaṃ mitrāvaruṇāvatra stūyete |
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20.7
"athāpi mitrasyaikasya" ādityapravādā stutirbhavati | tadyathā'pra sa mitra marto astu prayasvānyasta āditya śikṣati vratena | na hanyate na jīyate tvoto nainamaṃho aśnotyantito na dūrāt || (ṛ0 saṃ0 3, 4, 5, 2)'' | ayamanyanye bahavo nigamā ityapiśabdaḥ | pra sa mitreti viśvāmitreṇa dṛṣṭā, triṣṭup | maitrasya caroḥ puro'nuvākyā | 'pra astu' prakarṣeṇāstu bhavatu | he 'mitra !' 'āditya' aditeḥ putra | 'sa marttaḥ' sa manuṣyaḥ 'prayasvān' annavān | yaḥ kiṃ karoti? 'yaḥ' 'te' tubhyaṃ 'śikṣati' dadāti 'vratena' karmaṇā yāgākhyena nirvapaṇaprokṣaṇādinā saṃskṛtyedaṃ havirlakṣaṇam | kiṃ ca evamatimahāprabhāvastvaṃ yena sa martto yastava yaṣṭā 'tvotaḥ' tvatparigrahe varttamānaḥ, tvayā rakṣitaḥ 'na' kenacit pratyanīkabhūtenātibalenāpi śatruṇā 'hanyate' hiṃsyate | 'na' coddato'pi sa ca 'jīyate' vaśīkriyate kenacit | na ca kevalaṃ śatrūṇāmanādhṛṣyaḥ, tenātibalenāpi || 'na' ca 'enaṃ' tvotaṃ santam 'aṃhaḥ' api pāpamapi 'aśnoti' [ nai ] vyāpnoti yat 'antitaḥ' antikāt samīpāt, yat svaśarīrādeva vāṅmanaśceṣṭānimittamutpadyate pāpam, tadapyapratiṣiddhapramādajameva tvadanugrahādapadhvasyate, tata stannainaṃ vyāpnoti | na ca kevalaṃ yadantike utpadyate, tadevainaṃ na vyāpnoti, kiṃ tarhi ? yadapi 'dūrāt' putrabhrātṛjāyādidvāreṇainamāskandati, tadapi 'na' enam abhivyāptuṃ śaknoti tvotaṃ santam | evaṃ mahānubhāvastvam, tatastvāṃ stumaḥ ityabhiprāyaḥ |
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20.8
"athāpi varuṇasyaikasya" ādityapravādā stutirbhavati | tadyathā- "athā vayamāditya vrate tava” iti |
"udu̍tta̱maṃ va̍ruṇa̱ pāśa̍ma̱smadavā̍dha̱maṃ vi ma̍dhya̱maṃ śra̍thāya || athā̍ va̱yamā̍ditya vra̱te tavānā̍gaso̱ adi̍taye syāma || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 1,2,15,5 | )" anayā triṣṭubhopākṛtaḥ śunaḥśepo varuṇaṃ stutavān, ātmāna mocayiṣyan | varuṇapraghāseṣvavabhṛtheṣṭau vāruṇaniṣkāsahaviṣaḥ puro'nuvākyeyam | he 'varuṇa !' triṣu sthāneṣu-adho madhye upariṣṭācca, vayam tvayā ābaddhāḥ svaiḥ pāśairyato'to brūmaḥ stutyā haviṣā copasṛtastvamasmābhiratastāvat 'uttamaṃ' 'pāśam' upariṣṭādavasthitam 'asmat' asmattaḥ 'utśrathāya' ūrddhameva ślathaya | ucchlatha ca vimuñcāsmānapīḍayan | yo'pi cāyaṃ 'adhamaḥ' te pāśaḥ asmāsu varttate, enam api arvāñcam 'ava' śrathaya, avamuñca | tathā ca yo'pyayaṃ 'madhyamaḥ' te pāśo'smanmadhye varttate, enamapi tathaivāvasthitamanābhisarpayan ūrddhamadho vā, aduḥkhayannasmān 'vi' śrathaya vimuñca | athaivaṃ tvayā 'vayaṃ' sarvavimuktapāśāḥ santo he 'āditya' ! aditeḥ putra ! varuṇa ! 'anāgāsaḥ' apāpāḥ samuddhasarvakilbiṣāḥ | etadeva hi yauṣmākīṇa pāśatrayamāgaḥ, tena vimuktāḥ santaḥ 'tava' eva 'vrate' tavaiva paricaraṇakarmaṇi 'aditaye' cātmano'dīnatvāya anupakṣayāya ca ādaravantaḥ sthitāḥ 'syāma' ityāśīḥ || nigamaprasaktamucyate--"vratamiti karmanāma" | "vṛṇotīti" | eva karttari kārake "sataḥ" vṛṇoteḥ | taddhi karma śubhamaśubhaṃ vā kṛta sadāvṛṇoti karttāram || "idamapītarad vratametasmādeva" || "nivṛttikarma" yamaniyamākhya [ vā ] bahirvedikamāntarvedikaṃ vā, yadabhisandhidhāvupaiyate tat punaḥ "vārayatīti" evaṃ "sataḥ" tadviṣayeṣu pravarttamānaṃ puruṣaṃ rūyādiṣu vārayati, tadanusṛtya sa puruṣo nivarttate'vakīrṇī bhaviṣyāmītyetasmād bhayāt || "annamapi vratamucyate, yam̐dāvṛṇoti śarīram" | rasaśoṇitamāṃsamedomajjāsthibhāvena vipariṇamamānam |
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ādityaśabdaprasaktānuprasaktamidamuktam ||
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit