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The Purana Text of the Dynasties of the Kali Age c4: The Purāṇa Text

The Purāṇa Text of the Dynasties of the Kali Age c4

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English

Contents

The Purāṇa Text

c4.1

OF THE DYNASTIES OF THE KALI AGE

Preface

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The Matsya and Vāyu Purāṇas introduce a preface into the middle of the account of the Paurava dynasty. Both bring the Paurava (or Aila) genealogy from the Pāṇḍavas to Abhimanyu, Parikṣit, and Janamejaya¹, and then describe Janamejaya's dispute with Vaiśampāyana and the brahmans about his Vājasaneyaka doctrine². They then continue the genealogy to Adhisīmakṛṣṇa, in whose reign was performed the twelve-year sacrifice during which these Purāṇas profess to have been recited³. At this point the rishis ask the Sūta for a full account of the Kali age⁴, and he proposes to give it in verses which are here treated as the Preface⁵. Then starting from Adhisīmakṛṣṇa as the existing king, he carries on the dynasty to its close⁶. In order to simplify the arrangement, the prefatory portion is placed here first, and the separated parts of the Paurava genealogy are joined together in a continuous account and given next as the Paurava line. The story of Janamejaya's dispute⁷, the rishis' questions, and the Sūta's resumption of his account are omitted as superfluous⁸. The Preface therefore consists of—

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¹ AMt 50, 57; AVā 99, 249b-250a.

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² AMt 50, 58-64; AVā 99, 250b-255.

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³ AMt 50, 65-67; AVā 99, 256-259.

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⁴ AMt 50, 68-71; AVā 99, 260-263.

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⁵ AMt 50, 72-76; AVā 99, 264-269.

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⁶ AMt 50, 77-89; AVā 99, 270-280a.

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⁷ This is given in Appendix III as it shows some brahmanical tampering with the Vāyu.

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⁸ See Introdn. § 14.

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*Text—AMt 50, 72-76 ; AVā 99, 264-269.*

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All copies contain this preface, except that *k*Mt omits lines 6-10; *h*Mt misplaces l. 11 after l. 5; *e*Vā has lost the first 5½ lines and it alone contains ll. 12-14; *g*Vā omits l. 11; and *fjm*Vā have nothing. All agree in the text except where noted, and where the Matsya and Vāyu are different, both versions are given, the Matsya on the left and the Vāyu on the right. The Brahmāṇḍa has lost the preface in a large lacuna. The Viṣṇu, Bhāgavata, and Garuḍa have no preface.

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Sūta uvāca— Yathā me¹ kīrtitam pūrvam² Vyāsen=ākliṣṭa³-karmaṇā bhāvyam⁴ Kali-yugam⁵ c=aiva tathā manvantarāṇi ca⁶ anāgatāni⁷ sarvāṇi bruvato me nibodhata ata ūrdhvam⁸ pravakṣyāmi bhaviṣyā ye⁹ nṛpās tathā¹⁰ Aiḍ-Ikṣvākv-anvaye¹¹ c=aiva Ailāṃs¹² c=aiva tath=Ikṣvākūn¹³ Paurave c=ānvaye¹⁴ tathā Saudyumnāṃs¹⁵ c=aiva pārthivān yeṣu¹⁶ saṃsthāpyate¹⁷ kṣatram¹⁸ Aiḍ-Ikṣvāku¹⁹-kulam²⁰ śubham²¹ tān sarvān kīrtayiṣyāmi²² Bhaviṣye²³ kathitān nṛpān²⁵ 7 tebhyo 'pare 'pi ye²⁶ c=ānye²⁷ utpatsyante nṛpāḥ punaḥ²⁸ kṣatrāḥ²⁹ pārāśavāḥ³⁰ śūdrās tath=ānye ye³¹ vahiś-carāḥ³² Andhrāḥ³³ Śakāḥ Pulindāś ca Cūlikā³⁴ Yavanās tathā³⁵ 10

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¹ Yath=aiva in jMt.

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² So Mt. Vā sarvam.

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³ So Mt. Vā °adbhuta.

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⁴ Bhāvam in eMt; kMt bhavet.

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⁵ Yuge in cejnMt.

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⁶ So Mt. Vā tu.

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⁷ Atr=āgatāni in lMt.

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⁸ Param in jMt.

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⁹ So Mt genly: bdMt bhaviṣy-ārthe; cejknMt bhāvino ye. Vā bhaviṣyanti. For this half line lMt reads bhaviṣyān kathitān (nṛpān omitted) as in l. 7.

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¹⁰ Smṛtāḥ in fgjMt. Vā tu ye.

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¹¹ So a²atbefmMt; CGVypMt °k-anvaye: cMt Ail-Ek°; jMt +Ain-Ek°; hMt +Aināk°; dMt +Ed-Ek°; nMt crp: a³kMt Aid-Ikṣvāku-nṛpe: a¹Mt Ikṣvākor anvaye: lMt +Ekṣakasya. Aida = Aila.

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¹² Elāṃś in ghkVā.

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¹³ In gVā tath=Aik°.

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¹⁴ But nMt v=ānvaye; eMt c=ānya[ta]ye. This is pleonastic because the Pauravas were Ailas, see JRAS, 1910, pp. 16, 20.

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¹⁵ This reading is better. The Saudyumnas were distinct from the Ailas and Aikṣvākus, being the descendants of Sudyumna, who was Manu's daughter Ilā when she gained man's form according to the fable; and they comprised the early kings of Gayā and the eastern region, Utkala and perhaps a country named Haritāśva or Vinatāśva in the west: see one version in Mt 12, 17-18; and Hariv. 10, 632.

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¹⁶ In hMt yehi (Pkt for yebhiḥ?).

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¹⁷ So Vā, ceMt: Mt genly saṃsthāsyate.

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¹⁸ So a²-⁴Vā; Ca'dghklVā kṣetram, a frequent mistake for kṣatram. Mt genly tac ca; cefyhjnMt tatra.

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¹⁹ So Mt genly; jMt Ain-Ek°: hMt Ail-Ekṣvākam, eVā °kum: dMt Ed-Ek°. Vā genly Aikṣvākavam: lMt +Ekṣakasya.

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²⁰ So Mt. Vā idam.

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²¹ Śrutān in lMt; smṛtam in dMt.

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²² Kathayiṣyāmi in jMt.

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²³ But clMt bhaviṣyān; enMt °syā; jMt °syat: see Introdn. § 7.

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²⁴ So Mt. Vā paṭhitān; bVā paṭhito.

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²⁵ Nṛpa in bVā.

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²⁶ So Mt: nMt omits ye. Vā pare ca ye.

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²⁷ So Vā; eVā 'py anye. Mt genly tv anye hy; bcdghjnpMt omit hy.

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²⁸ So Mt; eVā nṛpās tathā: Vā genly mahikṣitaḥ.

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²⁹ So Mt, Vā genly: cjnMt, eVā kṣatra-; a'kVā +kṣetrāḥ; eMt +kṣatriyāḥ.

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³⁰ So Mt, Vā genly: fypMt pārāśavāḥ, so mMt with pāravaśāḥ also; bMt +pāraśarāḥ; eVā +pārāśarāḥ; eMt +pāravā; nMt +tyāḥ-ravāḥ; lMt +pāśavī.

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³¹ So Mt genly; jMt ca for ye: hMt tathā ye 'nye. Vā tathā ye ca; eVā tathā c=aiva.

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³² So Mt genly: Ca'abdmpMt mahīśvarāḥ. Va dvijātayaḥ.

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³³ So Vā genly, chjlnpMt; fyMt Āndhrāḥ: dhVā, Mt often, Andhāḥ: kVā Adhryāḥ.

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³⁴ ACMt Cūlikā; eVā Cul°; bVā Vūl°; hVā Vūn° (or Vūṭ°); dVā Vrūl°: Vā genly Tūl°; hMt Dhūl°; jMt Mūl°; bmpMt Cal°; eMt Pulihāś; fyMt Valimkā; dMt Bālhikā:

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Kaivart-Ābhīra-Śabarā ³⁶ ye cānye ³⁷ Mleccha-sambhavāḥ ³⁸ Pauravā Vītihotrā vai Vaidiśāḥ ³⁹ pañca ⁴⁰ Kosalāḥ Mekalāḥ Kosalāḥ Pauṇḍrā Gannardāḥ Svasphrakāś ca ha ⁴¹ Sunidharmāḥ Śakā Nīpā yāś cānyā Mleccha-jātayaḥ ⁴² varṣ-āgrataḥ ⁴³ pravakṣyāmi ⁴⁴ nāmataś caiva tān nṛpān ⁴⁵

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*Pauravas.*

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*Text*—AMt 50, 57, 65ᵃ, 66, 78–89 ; AVā 99, 249ᵇ, 250ᵃ, 256ᵃ–258ᵃ, 271–280ᵃ ; Bḍ nil.

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*Corresp. passages*—CVṣ iv, 20, 12–21, 4 ; GBh ix, 22, 34–45ᵃ ; CGr i, 140, 40–141, 4.

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The arrangement of this dynasty has been explained above (p. 1). In the first portion the Matsya and Vāyu differ, and their versions are both given, the former on the left and the latter on the right; otherwise they agree except where noted. The Brahmāṇḍa has lost the whole in a lacuna.

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The Bhāgavata is somewhat full about the first seven kings, but combines the rest in a succinct list. The Viṣṇu agrees closely with it. The Garuḍa gives merely a list of names.

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All copies of Mt give the whole except lines 5, 27; and besides *e*Mt omits l. 28 (second half) to l. 30 (first half); *f*Mt ll. 10 and 17 (second half) to 20 (first half); and *gj*Mt l. 10. The Vā MSS are complete, except that *e*Vā has lost ll. 1–6, 11 (first half) and 16 (second half) to 18 (first half): all copies, except *e*Vā, omit

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gVā omits this half line. *Cūlikā* appears to be the best form, see JRAS, 1912, p. 711. ³⁶ So Mt. *Vā Yavanaiḥ saha.* ³⁶ So Mt, Vā genly (*Śabarā* or *Śav*°); *e*Vā *Kaivartt-Āraibhīra-varāḥ*; *n*Mt *Kauvart-Ōbhīra-Śabaro.* ³⁷ So Mt, Vā genly: *n*Mt *ye v-ānye*; *e*Vā *yāś c-ānyā*, correcting the faulty grammar. ³⁸ So Mt. *Vā jātayaḥ.* ³⁹ This line only in *e*Vā, which reads *Rītihotrā vai Vaidikāḥ*; this should obviously be *Vītihotrā vai Vaidiśāḥ*, and has been emended so. For the Vītihotras see *Pradyotas*, line 1, *infra*; for Vaidiśas see *Dynasties of Vidiśā*, &c., *infra*. ⁴⁰ *Pañca* suggests that *Pañcālas* are meant, and that this name has been in some way curtailed. For them see *Early Contemporary Dynasties*, line 2, *infra*. ⁴¹ This line only in *e*Vā. For Mekalas see *Dynasties of the 3rd Century*, line 5, *infra*. ⁴² This line is only in *e*Vā. ⁴³ So Vā genly, *chjkn*Mt. *Mt* genly *paryāyataḥ*. Other copies intermediate, *e*Mt *vaṣāgrataḥ*; *d*Vā *vaṣāyatah*; *b*Vā *varṣāyata*; *h*Vā *varyāyata*. *Varṣ-āgrataḥ* occurs in this context, AVā 99, 261— *varṣ-āgrato 'pi prabrūhi nāmataś caiva tān nṛpān.* *Varṣ-āgra* occurs in AVā 21, 16, 21; 22, 3; where it means the 'total number of years'; hence *varṣ-āgrataḥ* here, being applied to the kings, would mean 'according to the totals of their years'. *Paryāyataḥ* is also good. ⁴⁴ In *k*Mt *pravisyāmi*. ⁴⁵ So Mt genly, Vā: *cek*nMt read this half line, *bhaviṣyān (n, °ṣyāt) kathitān (l, kāśikān) nṛpān*, which should no doubt be *Bhaviṣye kathitān nṛpān*; see l. 7.

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ll. 10 and 20 (second half) to 25 (first half); *h*Vā omits ll. 15 (second half) to 18 (first half); *l*Vā ll. 17 (second half) to l. 20; and *fjm*Vā have nothing. Also *ads*Bh have nothing; and *ab*Gr omit all kings after the second Śatānīka.

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For notices of the earliest of these kings elsewhere see Introdn. § 2. The kings named are 29 altogether, 25 from and including Adhisīmakṛṣṇa; but the list of *Early Contemporary Dynasties*, l. 6, infra, mentions ‘36 Kauravas’.

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Abhimanyoḥ Parīkṣit tu ¹
putraḥ para-puraṃ-jayaḥ
Janamejayaḥ ³ Parīkṣitaḥ
putraḥ parama-dhārmikaḥ
Janamejayāc Chatānīkas ⁶
tasmāj jajñe sa vīryavān ⁷
putro ’śvamedhadatto ’bhūc ⁸ Chatānikasya vīryavān
putro ’śvamedhadattād vai jātaḥ para-puraṃ-jayaḥ ⁹
Adhisīmakṛṣṇo dharm-ātmā ¹⁰ sāmprataṃ yo ¹¹ mahā-yaśāḥ ¹²

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³ All agree in this name. There is a redundant syllable in this and the next line, and it occurs elsewhere with the name Janamejaya. The name was sometimes treated as *Janmejaya* (as in *cef*Mt here), thus obviating the superfluous syllable.

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⁷ *Su-vīryavān* in *j*Mt.

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⁸ So Vā; *h*Mt agrees but has *rai* for ’*bhūc*. Mt *crp* *ath-Aśvamedhena tataḥ* (*fg*Mt *sutaḥ*); *k*Mt omits this line. Vṣ and Gr give the name as *Aśvamedhadatta*; *k*Vṣ °*dātr*; Bh as °*medhaja*. Between him and the preceding Śatānīka Bh inserts a king *Sahasrānīka* thus—

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⁹ So Vā: *k*Vā *pura-puraṃ*°. Mt omits this line, condensing it with the next.

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¹⁰ So Vā except that the name varies; all have a superfluous syllable: *h*Vā *Adhisīma-[tta]kṛṣṇo*; *Cu²a*Vā °*sāmak*°; *g*Vā °*sāmaḥ Kṛṣṇo*; *a³*Vā °*māsak*°; *a⁵*Vā °*masak*°; *k*Vā *Adhimak*°. Mt *genly* *jajñe ’dhisomakṛṣṇ-Akhyaḥ*; *fg*Mt °*simak*°; *j*Mt both; *e*Mt °*sīmaḥ Kṛṣṇ*°; *n*Mt †*Adhinsamak*°; *p*Mt *Adhisomakṛṣṇasyaḥ*; *b*Mt *kṛṣṇasya*; *d*Mt °*sīmaḥ Kṛṣṇasyaḥ*; *g*Mt °*sīmakṛṣṇaś* ca; *h*Mt *āsīt Kṛṣṇa sutas tasya*: *j*Mt misplaces this line after l. 3. Mt readings seem to

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Uttarāyāṃ tu Vairātyām
Parikṣid ¹ Abhimanyu-jaḥ ²
Parīkṣitas tu dāyādo ⁴
rāj-āsi ⁵ Janamejayaḥ
tasya putraḥ Śatānīko ⁶
balavān satya-vikramaḥ

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¹ *Parīkṣita-su-* in *mMt*. All agree in this name. Parīkṣit's name is often written in the MSS in other ways, as Parīkṣita, *Parīkṣi*, Parīkṣa, &c.; these variations are left unnoticed here. Bh begins with a verse about his birth as told in the MBh, and Vṣ amplifies it in high literary style.

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² *Abhimanyunā* in *b*Vā.

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⁴ *Parīkṣitasya* (omitting *tu*) in *b*Vā. Bh says Parīkṣit had three other sons—

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⁵ *Rājā* sa in *k*Vā.

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⁶ All agree in this name. Vṣ styles him *aparaḥ Śatānīkaḥ*, with reference to an earlier Śatānīka, who was son of Nakula and Draupadī and was killed in the great battle. Bh is fuller and contains these two lines—

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Tav-ēme tanayās tāta Janamejaya-pūrvakāḥ
Śrutaseno Bhīmasena Ugrasenaś ca vīryavān.

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*Virasena* for *Bhīmasena* in *rt*Bh. Vṣ concurs in this; so MBh i, 3, 661-2.

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tasya putraḥ Śatānīko Yājñavalkyāt trayīṃ paṭhan
astra-jñānaṃ kriyā-jñānaṃ Śaunakāt param eṣyati.

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Vṣ agrees, and expands this statement, improving it by reading *Kṛpāj jñānaṃ* instead of *kriyā-jñānaṃ*. MBh says Janamejaya had a second son, Śaṅukarṇa (i, 95, 3837-8).

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Sahasrānīkas tat-putras tataś c-aiv-Āśvamedhajaḥ:

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but no other authority supports it.

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Adhisīmakṛṣṇa-putro¹³ Nicakṣur¹⁴ bhavitā nṛpaḥ¹⁵ Gaṅgayāpahṛte¹⁶ tasmin nagare Nāgasāhvaye¹⁷ tyaktvā Nicakṣur nagaram¹⁸ Kauśāṁbyāṁ sa¹⁹ nivatsyati²⁰ bhaviṣyaṣṭau²¹ sutās tasya²² mahā-bala-parākramaḥ²³ Bhūrir²⁴ jyeṣṭhaḥ²⁵ sutas tasya | bhaviṣyad Uṣṇas tat-putra²⁶ tasya²⁷ Citrarathaḥ²⁸ smṛtaḥ | Uṣṇāc Citrarathaḥ²⁸ smṛtaḥ

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¹⁷ Similarly Vṣ—yo *Gaṅgayāpahṛte Hastināpure Kauśāṁbyāṁ nivatsyati*. Bh also—*Gajāhvaye hṛte nadyā Kauśāṁbyāṁ sādhu vatsyati*: where gBh *°sa tu rat°*; rBh *°sa nivat°*; pBh ends *neṣyati*.

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¹⁸ So Mt genly with variations in the name, see note ¹⁴: *a²a⁴cekn*Mt *Nṛcako nagaram tyaktvā*; hMt *svam vaṁśaṁ tyaktvā*: eVā *tyaktvā Nṛbandhu vāsam* (with a syll. lost). Vā genly *tyaktvā (gVā kṛtvā) ca taṁ sa vāsaṁ ca*; CVā *°su-vāsaṁ*; dVā *taṁ tu vāsaṁ sram*; hVā *naṁ sarvāsa va*; bVā *†nya†ttakaṁ†tkāṁ ca naṁ sa vāsa ra*. These variations suggest the reading, *tyaktvā ca taṁ sva-vāsaṁ (or vaṁśaṁ) ca*.

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¹⁹ So Vā genly (gVā omits *sa*) and rBh; lVā *†Kauśāṁdyāṁ†*; fMt *sa Kauśāṁbyāṁ*; gMt *sa Kauśavyā*. Mt genly *Kauśāṁbyāṁ tu*; jMt *°su*; dMt *†Kauśānāṁ*; hMt *†Kauśalyāntu*. Vṣ, Bh corroborate; eBh *†Kauśikyāṁ*; kVṣ *Kauśak°*.

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²⁰ So Mt, Vā genly, Vṣ: *bVā niveṣyati*; hVā *niveṣ°*; dVā *niveśmani*; gVā *sannivetsyati*.

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²¹ This line is only in Mt, but not in dfgjMt: *a³Mt bhaviṣyaś ca*; hMt *°ṣye yaḥ*; mpMt *°ṣyākṣau*; kMt omits *aṣṭau*: eVā has only the first half line, *bhaviṣyas tu sutas tasmāt*.

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²² *Caiva* in *a³*Mt.

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²³ In hMt *Uṣṇa Citraratha smṛtaḥ*.

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²⁴ *Bhūri* in bdfyjkpMt; hMt *Bhūri*; lMt *Bhūmi*.

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²⁵ In hMt *śreṣṭhaḥ*.

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²⁶ So Vā. Vṣ *tasyāpy Uṣṇaḥ putro*. CGr *Uṣṇa*; abGr *Uśat*; Bh *Ukta*; tBh *Upta*.

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²⁷ *Tatas* in bcefyhnpMt; mMt both; jMt *tatra*.

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²⁸ All agree in this name, except eVā *Traṣṭā Dhritarathaḥ*.

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be corruptions of *Adhisīmakṛṣṇa*’sya in Pkt form *kṛṣṇa asya*. Vṣ *Adhisīmakṛṣṇa*; kVṣ *°sīmaḥ Kṛṣ°*: Gr *°sīmakaḥ Kṛṣ°*. Bh *Asīmakṛṣṇas tasyāpi*; hBh *Aśīśāk°*; fBh *avātsīt Kṛṣ°*; gBh crp. In two later lines (omitted here) *a²a⁴Mt* (verse 77) and *a³a⁴Vā* (verse 270) have *Adhisīmak°*. The correct name appears to be *Adhisīmakṛṣṇa*, with a shorter form *Asīmak°*. The longer form is best supported here, though the shorter would improve the metre.

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¹¹ So Mt: jMt *sa*. Vā *samprato ’yam*. See corresponding lines about Divākara of the Aikṣvākus and Senājit of the Bārhad-rathas, *infra*.

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¹² So Vā, Mt genly: *a³ceknMt mahārathaḥ*. After this line Mt and Vā insert three lines stating that the twelve-year sacrifice was performed during his reign; see Introdn. § 10.

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¹³ So Mt, Vā, except that there are variations in the name; cMt adds *bhūt* and CGV*a³a⁴j*Mt *tu* superfluously: *a¹a²de*Mt, ghVā *Adhisīmaḥ Kṛṣṇa-putro*; kMt *°māsaḥ K°*; dVā *Asimak°*; uMt merely *Kṛṣṇa-putro*; eVā *Dadhīcikṛṣṇa-suto*. Bh says *tat-sutaḥ*, ‘son of the preceding’.

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¹⁴ There is great variation in this name here and in l. 9. Mt often *Virakṣu*; bgMt *Vicakṣus*; dMt both; hMt *Nṛcakru*; *a²cen*Mt *Nṛcaka*: afterwards fMt *Nicukṣus*, lMt *Nṛvakṣu*, kMt *Nṛcuka*. Vā genly *Nirvaktra*; eVā *Nṛvadha* here. Vṣ genly *Nicakṣus*; bcdefgjVṣ, jMt, tBh *Nicakru*; lVṣ *Niścakru*; kVṣ crp: *aGr +Nivadra?*; bGr *+Niraha?*; CGr *Aniruddha*. Bh genly *Nemicakra*; eBh *Nemimśo°*; nBh *Naimic°*; rBh, aVṣ *Nic°*. I have adopted *Nicakṣus* as the most central form; but the true name may be *Nṛcakṣas*, a word occurring in Rigv. x, 14, 11.

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¹⁵ So Mt. Vā *kila*.

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¹⁶ So Vā, cenMt. Mt genly *Gaṅgayā tu*

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*hṛte*; bMt *°dhṛte*; mMt both; dMt *bhṛte*.

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Śucidrathaḥ²⁹ Citrarathād³⁰ Vṛṣṇimāṁś³¹ ca Śucidrathāt Vṛṣṇimataḥ Suṣeṇaś ca³² bhaviṣyati śucir nṛpaḥ³³ tasmāt Suṣeṇād bhavitā Sunītho³⁴ nāma pārthivaḥ³⁵ Rucaḥ³⁶ Sunīthād³⁷ bhavitā³⁸ Nṛcakṣur³⁹ bhavitā tataḥ⁴⁰ Nṛcakṣusaḥ⁴¹ tu dāyādo bhavitā vai⁴² Sukhibalaḥ⁴³ Sukhibala-sutaś cāpi⁴⁴ bhāvī⁴⁵ rājā Pariplavaḥ⁴⁶ Pariplava-sutaś cāpi⁴⁷ bhavitā Sunayo⁴⁸ nṛpaḥ

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²⁹ So Vā, fJMt; CGr agrees: ceghnMt Śucidratha; a²a³kMt Suvid°; hVṣ either; bMt, kVā Śucidravya, so dpMt with °dravāt at the end: other Mt Śucidrava. Vṣ genly Śuciratha; cVṣ Suvir°. Bh Kariratha and Kuvir° about equally; jBh Tuvir°; fBh Kathir°; rsBh Sucir°. The proper form should probably be Śucadratha. Omitted in dlVṣ, abGr.

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³⁰ Caitraratho in a²a³kMt; enMt Cit°. Bh says sutaḥ.

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³¹ So Mt genly; Vṣ, fjjklqBh, CGr agree in the name: mpMt Vṛṣṇumāṁś; cejnMt Vṛṣṭim°: in next line pMt Vṛṣṇimataḥ; lMt Vṛṣṭi°; nMt Vṛṣṭ°. Vā genly Dhṛtimāṁś; dVā Dhṛtam°; gVā Vṛttim°; bVā Vṛtyam°; hVā Vṛnam°; kVā Vṛttirmāś. Bh genly, abVṣ Vṛṣṭimat; tBh Vṛti°; rBh Dhṛti°; eBh Dhṛṣṭi°; cBh Kṛṣṭi°. Omitted in abGr.

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³² So Mt genly: eVā Suṣeṇa Dhṛtimato (with one syll. short). Vā genly Suṣeṇo vai °mahāvīryo. Bh, Vṣ, CGr agree in the name; kVṣ Suṣeṇa. With the dialectical modification of ś, cenMt read Sukheṇa tu, so gVā and hVṣ; bVṣ, knpBh Sukheṇa: lMt Sukhanas tu. Omitted in abGr.

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³³ So Mt genly: cfghjklnMt punar nṛpaḥ; eMt panu°. Vā genly mahāyaśāḥ; eVā punaḥ punaḥ.

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³⁴ So Mt genly, eVā. Vṣ, Bh agree; CGr Sunīthaka; kBh Sunitha: jMt Sunīyo; mpMt Sunīpo, pMt Sunīthād in next line. Vā genly Sutīrtho. Omitted in abGr.

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³⁵ Dhārmikaḥ in eVā.

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³⁶ So Vā genly; gVā Ruciḥ. Vṣ genly Rcaḥ; kVṣ Rta; jVṣ Amca; eVā sa vai. Mt urpāt. Bh, hlVṣ, Gr omit him.

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³⁷ Sunīto in eVā. Vā Sutīrthād.

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³⁸ Saṁjanye in kMt.

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³⁹ So Mt genly; Vṣ, Bh, Gr agree genly: cknMt Nṛcakra, eMt Nuc°. Vā genly Tricakṣo; bdVā °vakṣyo; gVā Citrākṣo; a³kVā Vivakṣo; eVā Nṛvandhur. Others, pBh Nṛcakru; cBh Nṛpakṣu; fBh Sucakṣus; aVṣ Nuc°, kVṣ Ntac°, bVṣ Tric°: see note ⁴¹.

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⁴⁰ So Vā. Mt su-mahāyaśāḥ; dMt sa°; fghMt tu°.

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⁴¹ Readings here genly follow those in note ³⁹: but bpMt Nṛcakṣusasya (omitting tu), lMt Vivakṣasasas: lVā Trivakṣasya, kVā °kṣyāsya, bVā °vikṣyasya; gVā Citrākhyasya; eVā Nṛvandhuyas.

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⁴² In fgMt °ca: cehknMt bhaviṣyati.

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⁴³ So Mt, Vā genly, here and in next line; bdVā Suṣīb°; nMt Sukhilara, jMt Sukhel°, cMt Mukhil°; ekMt na saṁśayaḥ: but in next line cMt Sukhilava, ekMt °itala, bVā Suradhīla. Vṣ genly Sukhābala, lVṣ Su-khab°, abhkVṣ Sukhīb°. Bh genly Sukhīnala, pBh °nara; fBh Suṣīnara; rBh Sakhānana. CGr Mukhābāna; aGr Surabala, bGr °baja. This name omitted in eVā. After him Gr adds, medhāvī ca nṛpañjayaḥ, implying aptly two other kings, but no authority supports it.

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⁴⁴ In dVā sutaḥ sūta; bVā †suta[mṛ]tasi; ekMt †vaśaś cāpi. Bh sutas tasmāt.

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⁴⁵ So Mt genly. Vā, cnMt bhāryo, eMt bha°; hMt bhaviṣyati (omitting rājā).

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⁴⁶ So many Mt, a³a⁴Vā, here and in next line. Vṣ, Bh agree genly; and abGr: bgrBh, CGr Pāriplava; Ca¹a²Vā Paripluta. CG Va³lMt, ghVṣ, cBh Pariṣṇava; kMt °ṣṇuva. The letters pl and ṣṇ are often written very much alike; so eMt °ṣṇuva here, °pluva in next line: gVā °pluta, °plava; kVā °pluva, °plava: bVā °śraya, °plava; kVṣ °puna; dVā °ślagha; cfVṣ Paritmava: lVā substitutes here Daṇḍapāṇir bhaviṣyati from l. 25.

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⁴⁷ This line omitted in some, see p. 3.

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⁴⁸ So Vā genly, hMt; Vṣ genly, CGr agree: also Bh impliedly, Medhāvī Sunay-ātmajaḥ. Mt genly Sutapā; jMt °tamā: tBh °tapa; pBh °daya; kVṣ °raya; kMt °nṛpo; eVā

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Medhāvī⁴⁹ tasya dāyādo⁵⁰ bhaviṣyati narādhipaḥ⁵¹ Medhāvinaḥ sutaś c-āpi⁵² bhaviṣyati Nṛpañjayaḥ⁵³ 20 Durvo⁵⁴ bhāvyaḥ sutaś tasya⁵⁵ Tigmātmā⁵⁶ tasya c-ātmajaḥ⁵⁷ Tigmād⁵⁸ Bṛhadratho⁵⁹ bhāvy o Vasudāno⁶⁰ Bṛhadrathāt Vasudānāc⁶¹ Chatānīko⁶² bhaviṣy=Ōdayanas⁶³ tataḥ⁶⁴ bhaviṣyate c=Ōdayanād⁶⁵ vīro rājā⁶⁶ Vahīnaraḥ⁶⁷ Vahīnar-ātmajaś⁶⁸ caiva⁶⁹ Daṇḍapāṇir⁷⁰ bhaviṣyati 25 Daṇḍapāṇer Nirāmitro Nirāmitrāt⁷¹ tu⁷² Kṣemakaḥ⁷³

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°ratho: bgVā, acdeghVṣ, abGr Munaya; hVā Mumapa; lMt Muṣṇavo; ceMt Putrayo; nMt Putrāpo; rBh Vijana. ⁴⁹ So all: but hBh Medhāvin; kBh Meghāvin. ⁵⁰ So Mt, eVā. Vā genly Sunayasy=atha; bgVā Munay°; hVā Munany=atha. Bh Sunay-ātmajah. ⁵¹ So Vā: eVā nṛpaḥ sa tu; hMt nayasya tu. Mt genly na saṃśayaḥ. ⁵² So Mt and Vā. ⁵³ So eVā. Bh, Vṣ, Gr agree. Mt Purañj°; bVṣ Ripuñj°; lVṣ Nṛpanaya. See p. 3. ⁵⁴ There is great variation in this name. Mt mostly Urvo; ceMt Uru; hMt Uror; jMt Urvyā; gMt Urvyan, fMt Ur°; nMt Ūru (or Kuru); pMt Kurvo; dMt Jayo. But eVā Durvi. Bh genly Dūrva; nBh Dur°; etBh Dar°; rBh Dār°; pBh Purva. Vṣ genly Mṛdu; fVṣ °da; hVṣ Durra, lVṣ Dūr°; abVṣ Durbala; kVṣ Durddharṣa. Gr Hari. Durva is the most central form. ⁵⁵ C=āpi in eVā. ⁵⁶ So Mt genly; eVā shortly Tigmāms. Vṣ, Gr Tigma, which Mt and eVā use in next line. Bh Tīmi; hMt Tīmātmā, ceknMt Nirm°; fgMt Nirm-ākhyas; jMt +Nin-dātmā. ⁵⁷ In eVā tasmād bhaviṣyati; Bh °janiṣyati. ⁵⁸ So Mt genly, eVā: bMt °mātmād, dMt °mātmano, with excess syll: pMt Tigmā; hMt Tīmād; cefgknMt Nirmād; jMt +Nindā. ⁵⁹ All agree in this name. ⁶⁰ So hMt, eVā; Vṣ agrees: dMt Vasudānā. Mt genly °dāmā; kMt °dhānā; emt °dhāmā; cnMt °dhāma; jMt °devo: lVṣ °da; bVṣ °manas. CGr Sudānaka; abGr +Tudānava misplacing him after the next king Śatānīka. Bh Sudāsa indirectly, Śatānīkaḥ Sudāsa-jaḥ; bBh Sudāru-jaḥ. ⁶¹ So hMt, eVā. Mt genly °dāmnaḥ; bM °dāmna; enMt °dhāmā; cMt °dhāmāc; jMt °dāsuḥ. ⁶² All agree; eMt Sat°: abGr Sadānīka, Pkt. Vṣ calls him aparaḥ Śatānīkaḥ; for the former see note ⁶. Bh says ‘son of the preceding’, see note ⁶⁰. ⁶³ So Mt genly; Vṣ: eVā-bhavit=Ōdanaya[m]s here, Udayanād in next line: jMt bhaviṣy=Odayinaḥ; eMt syadayanaḥ; dmpMt °sy=Ōdathanaḥ; kMt °syadanayaḥ. CGr Udāna. Bh genly Durdamana; enBh Durd° or Urd°; eBh Umanasu (or Dum°). ⁶⁴ Tathā in bckjnpMt, eVā. ⁶⁵ See note ⁶³. Other variations here are, cjnMt °syataś c° (so kMt crp); cMt °syate cu Dayanād; dpMt °c=Ōdathanād; eMt bhavitaś c=Ōdayanād; eVā bhaviṣyaś c=āpy Udayanād. ⁶⁶ Jāto in dMt. ⁶⁷ So Mt genly; Bh, ablVṣ agree: pBh Vrahī°; Vṣ genly Ahī°; hVṣ Ahā°; CGr Ahnī°; gBh Vahīnana: cehnMt Mahīnaraḥ, fgMt °rataḥ, here and in next line. ⁶⁸ So Mt; eVā °ra-sutaś: lMt Mahīṣar-ātmo. ⁶⁹ C=āpi in eVā; mpMt c=Ainutro. ⁷⁰ So Mt; and Vā which resumes the list here. Bh, bklVṣ, CGr agree. Vṣ genly Khaṇḍa°; fVṣ that or Khaḍga°. ⁷¹ So Vā, CbcdefyjnMt; jVṣ. ApMt, bghVṣ Nira°; hMt Nirva°. Vṣ genly Nara°; aVṣ Ni°. CGr Nimittaka. Bh genly, klVṣ Nimī; cBh Nima; nBh Ninī; tBh Nidhi; jBh Niti; rBh Muni. This half line in eVā is bhavitā Kṣemakas tathā. ⁷² So Mt. Vā ca. ⁷³ All agree in this name; but lVṣ Kṣema; a³a’ykVā Kṣepakaḥ; jVṣ, lBh Kṣamaka; kVṣ Cākṣuka. All agree in Kṣemaka in l. 30.

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pañca-viṃśā ⁷⁴ nṛpā hy ete ⁷⁵ bhaviṣyāḥ Pūru⁷⁶-vaṃśa-jāḥ atrānuvaṃśa⁷⁷-śloko 'yaṃ gīto vipraiḥ purātanaiḥ ⁷⁸ brahma-kṣatrasya ⁷⁹ yo yonir vaṃśo ⁸⁰ deva-rṣi⁸¹-satkṛtaḥ ⁸² Kṣemakaṃ prāpya rājānaṃ saṃsthāṃ prāpsyati vai Kalau ⁸³ ity eṣa Pauravo vaṃśo ⁸⁴ yathāvad anukīrtitaḥ ⁸⁵ dhīmataḥ Pāṇḍu-putrasya Arjunasya ⁸⁶ mahātmanaḥ ⁸⁷

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⁷⁴ This line is only in Vā; *d*Vā °śa *g*Vā °śa: *e*Vā °triṃśan. These 25 kings are Adhisīmakṛṣṇa and his successors, see l. 6; but see *Early Contemporary Dynasties*, l. 6, infra.

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⁷⁵ *Nṛp-ādyā* te in *b*Vā.

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⁷⁶ Vā genly *pūrva*; *e*Vā *Pūru*. The correct reading is clearly *Pūru*, from whom the Pauravas were descended.

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⁷⁷ In *h*Mt °vaṃśaḥ; *n*Mt °vaṃśya: *bdp*Mt *ato 'nuvaṃśa-ḥ*; *c*Vā *tatr-ān°*: *d*Vā *Puru-vaṃśasya*; *k*Vā *anuv°*, *h*Vā °śayā: *g*Vā omits *atra*.

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⁷⁸ So Mt genly; *n*Mt †surāt°; *fg*Mt *sanāt°*. Vā genly *purā-vidaiḥ*; *e*Vā *paurāṇikair dvijaiḥ*.

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⁷⁹ This verse is in Mt, Vṣ, Bh.

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⁸⁰ In *h*Mt *yā yonir°; BrtBh vai yonir°*. Bh genly *vai prokto°; bfhjknpq*Bh *vaṃśo 'yam prokto*.

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⁸¹ Vṣ *rājarṣi*; *al*Vṣ *devarṣi*.

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⁸² In *n*Mt *saṃk°*; *c*Mt *saṃsk°*; *e*Mt †saṃjñitaḥ; *k*Mt †saṃjñinaḥ.

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⁸³ So Vā, Bh, *l*Vṣ. Mt MSS have two endings (1) *saṃsthāsyati Kalau yuge*, (2) *saṃsthāsyati sa (or ca) vai Kalau*; *j*Mt *sthāpyanti ca ye°. Vṣ sa saṃsthāṃ (k, saṃsthānam) prāpsyate Kalau. Cf. p. 12, note 79.

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⁸⁴ But *e*Vā *ity evam Pauravaṃ vaṃśam*.

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⁸⁵ So Vā, *cek*Mt; *e*Vā °tam. Mt genly *iha kīrtitaḥ*.

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⁸⁶ So Vā, Mt genly; *Abklm*Mt *c-Arjunasya*; *d*Vā *dharma-jñasya*; *e*Vā reads this half line *Pārthasya prathit-ātmanaḥ*.

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⁸⁷ Gr after naming Kṣemaka says, *tataḥ śūdraḥ pitā pūrvas tataḥ sutaḥ*, suggesting that two śūdra kings, father and son, reigned after him.

Aikṣvākus

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*Text*—AMt 271, 4-17ᵃ; AVā 99, 280ᵇ-293; Bḍ iii, 74, 104-107ᵃ. *Corresp. passages*—CVṣ iv, 22; GBh ix, 12, 9-16; CGr i, 141, 5-8.

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The Matsya and Vāyu give the whole. The Brahmāṇḍa has a lacuna and its account begins only at l. 23. The Bhāgavata gives a list of names with a few particulars. The Viṣṇu and Garuḍa have only a list of names.

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Line 1 is only in Vā. Otherwise all copies of Mt and Vā have the dynasty complete, except that *j*Mt omits ll. 4-7; *e*Vā ll. 19-21; *g*Vā ll. 5, 7-14, 24, 25; *l*Vā l. 24; *hp*Mt have lost the whole; and *fj*mVā begin only at l. 23. In *j*Bh kings Śākya to Kṣudraka (inclusive) are omitted; in *n*Bh Śākya to Suratha; in *p*Bh Raṇañjaya to Śuddhodana: in *c*Vṣ Śākya to Kulaka; in *k*Vṣ all after Śākya except the genealogical verse; and *ads*Bh have nothing.

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There is confusion regarding the first two kings, for Vā, Vṣ, and Bh name two, but Mt and Gr make them one only. This piece of the dynasty, with so much of the various readings as concerns these two kings, stands thus:—

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* *Mt.* Bṛhadbalasya dāyādo vīro rājā hy¹ Urukṣayaḥ² Urukṣaya³-sutaś c-āpi⁴ Vatsadroho mahāyaśāḥ⁵. *Vā.* Bṛhadrathasya⁶ dāyādo vīro rājā Bṛhatkṣayaḥ⁷ tataḥ Kṣayaḥ sutaś⁸ tasya Vatsavyūhas tataḥ Kṣayāt. *Vṣ.* Vṛhadbalasya putro Vṛhatkṣaṇaḥ⁹ tasmād Gurukṣepaḥ¹⁰ tato Vatsaḥ¹¹ Vatsad Vatsavyūhaḥ. *Bh.* Bṛhadbalasya bhavitā putro nāma Bṛhadraṇaḥ¹² Urukriyas¹³ tatas tasya Vatsavṛddho bhaviṣyati. *Gr.* Vṛhadbalād¹⁴ Urukṣayo Vatsavyūhas tataḥ paraḥ.

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¹ *Hy* omitted in *bcdefgjk*n*Mt*. ² *In* j*Mt* Urūk°; d*kMt* Kuruk°; c*eMt* Nurak°; l*Mt* Nuk°. ³ See note ²; *eMt* Surak°; n*Mt* Urukṣayas. ⁴ *In* n*Mt* tu tasy-āpi. ⁵ *In* g*Mt* mamā°; n*Mt* mahātapāḥ. ⁶ *Bṛhadbalasya* in *eVā*. ⁷ *In* h*Vā* °tkṣavaḥ; d*Vā* °trayaḥ; b*Vā* °drathaḥ. ⁸ *Kṣaya sutas* in b*Vā*: *eVā* omits this line. ⁹ *In* k*Vṣ* °kṣveṇaḥ; g*Vṣ* °kṣetraḥ; b*Vṣ* °kṣantaḥ; f*Vṣ* Bṛhatakṣaṇaḥ. ¹⁰ So d*Vṣ* or Uruk°; j*Vṣ* Urukṣapraḥ: abh*Vṣ* Urukṣayaḥ; k*Vṣ* Varūk°; l*Vṣ* †Puruṣak°. ¹¹ But l*Vṣ* omits him. ¹² *In* h*nBh* °vraṇaḥ; c*Bh* Dharudraṇaḥ. ¹³ *In* c*Bh* °kṛśas¹; h*Bh* Kurukriyas; r*Bh* Upāvṛttas. ¹⁴ *Vṛhanraṇād* in ab*Gr*.

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¹ This line is only in *Vā*. *Vṣ*, *Gr* have similar statements. ² *Vā* genly, fg*Mt* °rathasya, but *Bṛhadbala* correctly in l.

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A comparison of these readings with possible mistakes in letters in the various old scripts suggests that Vā, Bh, and Vṣ are right in naming two kings, that their names appear to be Bṛhatkṣaya and Urukṣaya, and that Mt and Gr have confused them as one. Hence it seems the text of Mt and Vā should be emended thus:—

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Bṛhadbalasya dāyādo vīro rājā Bṛhatkṣayaḥ Urukṣayaḥ sutas tasya Vatsavyūha Urukṣayāt.

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The number of kings in this dynasty is not stated, but 29 are named, excluding Siddhārtha: see however *Early Contemporary Dynasties*, infra.

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∗ Ata ūrdhvam pravakṣyāmi Ikṣvākūṇām mahātmanām¹ Bṛhadbalasya² dāyādo vīro rājā Bṛhatkṣayaḥ³ Urukṣayaḥ⁴ sutas tasya Vatsavyūha⁴ Urukṣayāt Vatsavyūhāt⁵ Prativyomas⁶ tasya putro⁷ Divākaraḥ⁸

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²⁴ *Bṛhadbala*, king of Kosala, is mentioned in the MBh. ³ For this line, see above. ⁴ So *Vā* genly, a¹a²a³bkl*Mt*. *Vṣ*, *Gr* agree. In kl*Vā* °vyūhās; fg*Mt* °ryāho, d*Mt* °dāho, in next line dg*Mt* °dryāhāt; j*Mt* erp; e*Mt* Vaśavyūho; n*Mt* Vṛtsamūho and Vatsavyūhāt. *Mt* genly *Vatsadroho*: *Bh* °vṛddha, t*Bh* °vṛiha: h*Vṣ* Vyūha. *Vṣ* (except l*Vṣ*) inserts a king Vatsa before him (see above), but no other authority supports it. ⁵ *Vyūhāt* merely in *eVā*. ⁶ So *Mt* genly. *Vṣ*, *Bh*, ab*Gr* agree. In *eVā* Prativyomnas *tu*. *Vā* genly, l*Vṣ* °vyūhas; g*Mt* °vyogo; r*Bh* °vyota; j*Vṣ* °cyoma; k*Vṣ* Praticyāma. *CGr*, h*Vṣ* omit him. ⁷ *Vyoma-putro* in fg*Mt*. ⁸ So *Mt*, *Vā*, *Vṣ*. *Bh* *Bhānur Divāko rāhini-patiḥ*, where Bep*Bh* read correctly *Divārko*. *Sūrya* in ab*Gr*. C*Gr*, h*Vṣ* omit him.

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tasyaiva⁹ Madhyadeśe tu yaś ca sāmpratam adhyāste Ayodhyā nagarī śubhā Ayodhyāṃ¹⁰ nagarīṃ nṛpaḥ Divākarasya bhavitā¹¹ Sahadevo¹² mahā-yaśāḥ Sahadevasya¹³ dāyādo¹⁴ Bṛhadaśvo¹⁵ mahā-manāḥ¹⁶ tasya Bhānuratho bhāvyaḥ¹⁷ Pratitāśvaś¹⁸ ca tat-sutaḥ Pratitāśva-sutaś cāpi Supratīko¹⁹ bhaviṣyati Marudevaḥ²⁰ sutas tasya²¹ Sunakṣatraś²² ca tat-sutaḥ Kinnarāśvaḥ²⁴ Sunakṣatrād bhaviṣyati param-tapaḥ Kinnarād Antarikṣas tu²⁵ | bhavitā cāntarikṣas tu²⁶ bhaviṣyati mahā-manāḥ²⁷ Kinnarasya suto mahān Suṣeṇaś²⁸ cāntarikṣāc ca²⁹ Antarikṣāt Suparṇas³⁰ tu³¹ Sumitraś cāpy³² Amitrajit³³ Suparṇāc cāpy³⁴ Amitrajit³³ putras tasya ³⁵ Bṛhadbhrājo ³⁶ Dharmī ³⁷ tasya sutaḥ smṛtaḥ putraḥ ³⁸ Kṛtañjayo ³⁹ nāma Dharmiṇaḥ sa ⁴⁰ bhaviṣyati Kṛtañjaya⁴¹-suto vidvān ⁴² bhaviṣyati ⁴³ Raṇañjayaḥ ⁴⁴ bhavitā Sañjayaś ⁴⁵ cāpi ⁴⁶ vīro rājā Raṇañjayāt Sañjayasya ⁴⁷ sutaḥ Śākyaḥ ⁴⁸ Śākyac ⁴⁹ Chuddhodano ⁵⁰ 'bhavat Śuddhodanasya ⁵² bhavitā Siddhārtho ⁵³ Rāhulaḥ ⁵⁴ sutaḥ ⁵⁵ Prasenajit ⁵⁶ tato bhāvyaḥ ⁵⁷ Kṣudrako ⁵⁸ bhavitā ⁵⁹ tataḥ ⁶⁰ Kṣudrakāt Kulako ⁶¹ bhāvyaḥ Kulakāt ⁶² Surathaḥ ⁶³ smṛtaḥ ⁶⁴

c4.s2.14

⁹ So Mt genly: °aisā in cdefjklmnMt. Cf corresponding lines about Adhisīmakṛṣṇa (p. 4, l. 6) and Senājit (p. 15, l. 13).

c4.s2.15

¹⁰ So Vā: gVā omits this line.

c4.s2.16

¹¹ Sahitā in cMt.

c4.s2.17

¹² So all, except that gVā reads—Divākara-sutaś cāpi cakravartī bhaviṣyati. CGr, hVṣ omit him.

c4.s2.18

¹³ In CmMt °devāc ca.

c4.s2.19

¹⁴ So Vā. Mt bhavitā.

c4.s2.20

¹⁵ So Vā. Vṣ, Bh, Gr agree: kVṣ °dratha. Mt genly Dhruvāśvo vai; cenMt °v-ākhyo°: hVṣ omits him.

c4.s2.21

¹⁶ So Mt: cnMt °yaśāḥ. Vā bhaviṣyati.

c4.s2.22

¹⁷ So Vā genly; Vṣ, Gr agree: bhVā Bhātu°. Bh Bhānumant; hbH Vān°: bhVṣ omit him. Mt corrupts this half line, gjMt bhāvya-ratho bhāvyaḥ, fMt bhāvya°, bMt bhāvyo°, dmMt bhāvyo rathā°; lMt °rathodbhāva°: genly bhāvyo mahābhāgaḥ. Vṣ says, ‘son of the preceding’, tat-sūnur.

c4.s2.23

¹⁸ So Vā, bdfjgnMt; abhklVṣ agree. Mt genly Pratipāśvaś; kMt Praṇitā°. In bBh Pratīkāśva: Bh genly Pratīkāśva; cfhknprBh °kāśa: CGr °vya; abGr °cyu: jMt Pracetās tasya (omitting ca), but Pratataśva in next line: lMt marutaś c-āpi. Vṣ genly omits him.

c4.s2.24

¹⁹ So kMt; Vṣ, Bh agree. Vā genly Supratīto; eVā °nīto: Mt genly °tīpo; fgMt °tāpo: mMt Suprītayo; lMt Suvratopo. CGr Pratītaka; rBh Pratīka; abGr °tīksaka. Bh says, ‘son of the preceding’, tat-sutaḥ.

c4.s2.25

²⁰ So Mt; Vṣ, Bh agree: jBh Marad°; lVṣ Maru[da]d°; mMt, Gr, bpBh Manud°; Vā Sahad°; eBh Suhad°.

c4.s2.26

²¹ C-āpi in eVā.

c4.s2.27

²² So all; except rBh Svan°; eBh Sutaḥk°; hbH Sunakṣetra: cMt Suksatras tat; eMt +Svakṣatrasvat; mMt Sutakṣas tu, but Sutakṣatāt in next line; jMt Sutaḥkṣatas, but Sutakṣattād in next line.

c4.s2.28

²³ So Vā: ceMt suto ’bhavat. Mt genly tuto ’bhavat; dknMt °bhavet.

c4.s2.29

²⁴ So Mt genly, eVā; kMt °raśva: nMt °raś ca; lMt °rāḥ; dMt °rākṣaḥ; fgmMt °r-ākhyaḥ; jMt †rakṣāt. Vā genly Kinnaras tu; Vṣ, Gr agree: lVā †Kanarasya: rBh Kandara; Bh genly Puṣkara; kBh °kala; eBh Puṣpara; tbH Rūskara. But cMt Kinnaraś cākṣaras tadrad; so eMt crp.

c4.s2.30

²⁵ So cdefjklmnMt (with some corruptions); so bMt, but altered to Kinnarāśvād Antarikṣas which ACMt have. Vṣ, Bh Antarikṣa; bfjykVṣ °rīkṣa; CGr °rīkṣaka: abGr Anu-rakṣaka.

c4.s2.31

²⁶ So Vā; kVā °rīkṣasya: eVā c-Ākṣavīkṣas tu, but Antarikṣāt in next line.

c4.s2.32

²⁷ Māhayaśāḥ in dfmMt.

c4.s2.33

²⁸ So Mt genly: mMt °ṣarṇaś; cekMt °varṇaś; dfgMt °parṇaś; bMt °purvaś; lMt °pparvaḥ; nMt °kṣatraś; jMt °varṇāc.

c4.s2.34

²⁹ So Mt genly; cenMt °rīkṣasya.

c4.s2.35

³⁰ So Vā: bhlVṣ, Gr agree. Vṣ Suvarṇa; jVṣ Sarvaṇa. Bh Sutapas.

c4.s2.36

³¹ Tu wanting in kVā.

c4.s2.37

³² So Mt genly; jMt tu: nMt Sumitrasy-āpy; bMt Sumantr°; ceMt Suvarṇ°. Sumitra Amitrajit would be one king.

c4.s2.38

³³ All agree in this name, except bMt

c4.s2.39

Amantrajit; CGr Kṛtajit; abGr Śatajit: jMt tato bhavet. ³⁴ So Vā; dMt also: dVā Parnāc. ³⁵ So Vā. Mt genly Sumitra-jo; bMt °triyo; jMt °trāt tu. ³⁶ Mt genly Bṛhadrājo; Vṣ, Bh genly agree. But hlVṣ, bqtBh, CGr °dbhrāja; hjklpBh °dbhāja; nMt, abGr °dvāja; fBh °dgyātra; cBh °dbhānu; gBh °jjāta; eBh Brahmadrāja; cMt Mahārājo. Vā Bharadvājo. Bṛhadbhrāja appears to be the probable name. ³⁷ So Vā; Vṣ agrees: eVā Dharma; Gr Dhārmika. Mt reads this half line Bṛhad-rājasya (d, °rājyasya; n, °rājasya) vīryavān (b, vīrya-bhāk; j, kīrtanāt), where vīryavān is probably a mistake for Dharmavān or Dhārmikaḥ; see note ⁴⁰. Bh Barhis. ³⁸ So Vā, CbcdejkmnMt. Other Mt punaḥ. ³⁹ So Mt genly, Vā. Vṣ, Bh agree. But fgMt read thus-- Kṛtiñjaya iti khyātaḥ su-putro yo bhaviṣyati: but fMt Kṛtañ° in next line. In bVṣ Kṛtiñ°; jMt Vṛhañ°, but Kṛtañ° in next line. ⁴⁰ So Vā: for sa dVā has sam-, eVā tu. Mt genly Dhārmikaś ca; cMt °keś ca; mMt †tathākaś ca. Mt reading should probably be Dhārmikasya (see note ³⁷). But gVā reads this half line, rājā parama-dhārmikaḥ. ⁴¹ In degVā °jayāt; kVā °jaya; lMt Raṇañjaya-. ⁴² So Mt. Vā genly Vrāto: gVā sutu vrāto, dVā °vrāta, kVā vrato; eVā suvrato vai. These suggest a king Vrāta or Suvrata, of whom the other authorities know nothing. ⁴³ So Mt. Vā tasya putro to accord with the insertion of Vrāta. ⁴⁴ So Vā, cefgknMt; Vṣ, Bh agree. Mt genly Raṇej°; abGr Raṇaj°; qBh Rṇañ°; eVā Rathāj°: CGr †Dhanastraya. ⁴⁵ So all; but gBh Suñjaya: lMt reads this half line †Ranañjayas capisuno. ⁴⁶ Cāto in bMt. ⁴⁷ Raṇañjaya- in cenMt. ⁴⁸ So all genly: but cdeMt, abVṣ, cfBh Śak°; bMt Śāth°; gMt Śāj°; fMt Śāj°; abGr Kāśyapanya: kVā omits this name in a blank. ⁴⁹ So all; except ceMt Śak°; dgMt Śāj°; fMt Śāj°; bMt Śāth°; gVā rājā. ⁵⁰ So Vā, bcdjMt; bghlVṣ, Gr agree: efgMt Sud°. Mt genly Chuddhand°; nMt erp. Bh Suddhoda. Vṣ genly Kruddhodana; dVṣ Krod°; aVṣ erp. ⁵¹ So Vā; bVā bhavet: eVā smṛtaḥ. Mt genly urpaḥ; cejnMt punaḥ. ⁵² So Vā, cdenMt. Mt genly Śuddhand°; bfgMt Suddhod°. ⁵³ So Mt genly; cMt Śuldhārddha, cMt Śru°. Vā Śākyarthe; a¹a²bthVā Śak°. Vṣ, Bh, Gr omit him. ⁵⁴ So Ca²a⁴Vā; lVṣ Rāhula. Vṣ genly Rātula; a¹a²dgktVā Nāhula; abhVṣ, CGr Bāh°; abGr Vāph°; bhVā Nah°; jVṣ Gār°. Bh Laṅgula. In jMt Prāhula; fgMt Prahuta; Mt genly Puskala; eMt Hasuta; kMt Hasanaḥ (cMt sanah); lMt Sukṛtaḥ. ⁵⁵ So Mt. Vā smṛtaḥ; jMt dhruvaḥ. Bh tat-sutaḥ smṛtaḥ. ⁵⁶ So Mt genly, Vā. Vṣ, Bh agree. CeMt Prasenaji; lMt °sannaji; Gr Senajit: lVṣ omits him. ⁵⁷ Kṛto in eMt; jMt tato bhavyāt. ⁵⁸ So all; but lVṣ Kṣudrajit: aVṣ omits him. ⁵⁹ Mavarā in eMt. ⁶⁰ In ceMt nṛpaḥ; nMt na saḥ. ⁶¹ So Mt genly: a¹dVā Kuliko, Ca²a⁴Vā Kṣul°; cMt Kṣullako, eMt Kṣall°; jMt Tūlako. Vṣ Kundaka; fMt Ku[va]nako;

c4.s2.40

Sumitraḥ ⁶⁵ Surathasy-āpi ⁶⁶ antyaś ca ⁶⁷ bhavitā nṛpaḥ eta Aikṣvākavaḥ ⁶⁸ proktā ⁶⁹ bhaviṣyā ye ⁷⁰ Kalau yuge ⁷¹ Bṛhadbal-ānvaye jātā ⁷² bhaviṣyāḥ kula-vardhanāḥ ⁷³ śūrāś ca kṛta-vidyāś ca satya-sandhā jit-ēndriyāḥ ⁷⁴ niḥśeṣāḥ kathitāś c-aiva nṛpā ye vai purātanāḥ ⁷⁵ atr-ānuvaṃśa⁷⁶-śloko 'yaṃ viprair gītaḥ purātanaiḥ ⁷⁷ Ikṣvākūṇām ayaṃ vaṃśaḥ Sumitr-ānto bhaviṣyati ⁷⁸ Sumitram prāpya rājānaṃ saṃsthāṃ prāpsyati vai Kalau⁷⁹. ity evam Mānavo vaṃśaḥ ⁸⁰ ity evam Mānavam kṣatram ⁸¹ prāg eva ⁸² samudāhṛtaḥ ⁸³ Ailaṃ ca samudāhṛtam ⁸⁴

c4.s2.41

lVṣ Kuraṇḍaka: pBh Kaṇamka; fBh | Gṇaka; gBh Sun°; Bh genly Raṇ°; cBh Rūṇ°: erBh omit him. CGr Kuḷava; abGr Kuḍara. Gr inserts a king Sumitra before him, misplacing aptly the next king Suratha. ⁶² In jMt Kūl°; fMt Krul°; ceMt Kṣull°. ⁶³ So Mt, Vā. Vṣ, Bh agree: kBh Suretha; fMt Suraṣaḥ: hVṣ Adhiratha; lVṣ Vidūr° or Vimyūr°: cBh Sunaya; erBh omit him. Gr aptly Sumitra, see note ⁶¹. ⁶⁴ Sutaḥ in cenMt. Bh tanayas tataḥ. ⁶⁵ So all: eVā omits this name. ⁶⁶ So Vā, nMt; eVā °sa; Mt genly °tu; bVā antya ca. Antyaḥ erp to antaḥ in bMt, abGr; to anyaḥ in CefgjMt, Vṣ genly; to ataḥ in CGr; to tataś in dVā: so antyaś ca to anta-ya in gkVā. Bh niṣṭhanta. ⁶⁷ So bIhVā, Bd. ACMt ete c-Aik°; cenMt, eVā ete Ik°; bdfgMt ity et-Ēk°, jMt °ev-Ēk°. Vā genly eta Aikṣvākavāḥ; mVā ete Aila[k-ṣvākavaḥ. ⁶⁸ Bhūpā iu jMt. ⁶⁹ So Mt genly, eVā: cejnMt °syanti. Vā, Bd bhavitāraḥ. ⁷⁰ Kilau purā in jVā. ⁷¹ So Vā, Bd; eVā °tv ete; bcnMt °anvayā ye tu. Mt genly °anvayāye tu: jMt Vṛhadba..nṛpā ye tu; cjqBh °balā nṛpāḥ. Vṣ °bal-ānvayāḥ. Bh genly ete Bārhadbal-ānvayāḥ: rtBh ete c-ānāgatā nṛpāḥ. ⁷² So Mt genly: dMt kṣudra-vaṃlh°, bfgMt | °bāndhavāḥ, eVā putra-bāndh°; kMt kṣatra-bandhavaḥ: jMt kruddha-vaṃdhanāḥ; cenMt śuddha-vaṃśa-jāḥ. Bd reads this half line, mahā-vīrya-parākramāḥ. Vā repeats bhavitāraḥ Kalau yuge. ⁷³ This line is only in Va and Bd. ⁷⁴ This line is only in cenMt. ⁷⁵ Atr-ānubandha in kMt. ⁷⁶ So Mt genly; befgjnMt gīto vipraiḥ. Vā bhaviṣya-jñair udāhṛtaḥ; Bd bhaviṣyaj-jñ°; dVā bhaviṣyatair (or °nair)°: see Introdn. § 8. ⁷⁷ So all; but jMt Sumitrā te bh°: eMt omits the second half line. ⁷⁸ So all: except that Vṣ, Bh begin yatas tam; rBh eṣyati for prāpsyati; lVṣ tasmāt for saṃsthām. Vṣ reads the second half line, sa saṃsthām (h, saṃsthānam) prāpsyate Kalau. This line in jMt is— Sumitraś c-āpi rājā vai saṃsthāṃ prāpsyati kevalam. ⁷⁹ So this line is in Mt genly: bMt Mānavam vaṃśam. ⁸⁰ So this line is in Vā, Bd: CgkVā †kṣetram: eVā blunders thus— ity etat Soma-jaṃ kṣatram Aila-jaṃ samudāhṛtam; for Aila-ja = Soma-ja, and neither term applies to the Aikṣvākus who were Mānavas. ⁸¹ In bMt Pāṇḍavam; cnMt Ailasya; eMt Elaś ca; kMt †malasa; jMt etaiḥ ca; dMt erp. ⁸² In bMt °tam: eMt su-mah-ādṛtaḥ; cMt su-mah-ādbhutah. ⁸³ Su-suhṛd-gatam in bVā.

Bārhadrathas

c4.s3.1

Text—AMt 271, 17b-30a; AVā 99, 294-309a; Bd iii, 74, 107b-122a.

c4.s3.2

Corresp. passages—CVṣ iv, 23; GBh ix, 22, 45b-49; CGr i, 141, 9-11.

c4.s3.3

The Matsya, Vāyu and Brahmāṇḍa give the whole, and agree except where noted. The Viṣṇu, Bhāgavata and Garuḍa give merely a list of names. There is some confusion in the Matsya in lines 20, 22, and 24 compared with l. 26, and its version and that of the Vāyu and Brahmāṇḍa are both given, the Matsya on the left and the other on the right.

c4.s3.4

Scarcely any copies are complete. L. 15 is only in Vā and Bd, and ll. 30, 31 only in jMt. All copies of Mt omit ll. 26-28, except that l. 26 is in dfgkMt and ll. 27, 28 in cdefhjkmMt. Other omissions are: ccMt ll. 8, 9, 13, 20, 21, 23-25, and eMt also ll. 29, 32, 33; jMt ll. 8-12, 17-19, 32, 33; kMt ll. 12, 13, 17-23; lMt ll. 8-12, 21-29; mMt ll. 10-12, 14, 25 and misplaces 18-20 after 23; nMt ll. 19 (second half)-22 (first half): a¹a²Vā ll. 23-25; bVā ll. 16 (second half)-18 (first half); eVā ll. 7-9, 15; fVā l. 25; gVā ll. 21-29; jVā ll. 1 (second half)-2 (first half), 10-12; lVā ll. 8-12; mVā ll. 23-25: hpMt and lVṣ have lost the whole. Vṣ and Bh omit Nirvṛti; rBh also Kṣema, Suvrata, Dharmanetra and Suśrama; and abGr Senājit and all after Dṛdhasena.

c4.s3.5

Lines 30, 31 in jMt are perhaps valuable. This dynasty was founded by Bṛhadratha, son of Vasu Caidyōparicara, and he and his 9 successors reigned down to the great battle; see JRAS, 1910, pp. 11, 22, 29. From the battle to Senājit 6 kings are named, excluding Senājit who is spoken of as the then reigning king; and from and including him to the end 16 kings are mentioned. There were thus 32 kings altogether, 10 before the battle and 22 after; or from the standpoint of Senājit's reign 16 past and 16 future. Lines 30-31 in jMt take the standpoint of his reign and speak of him and his successors as the 16 future kings, and say prima facie their total duration was 723 years; see note 98. Lines 32-33, which are not in jMt, reckon (in a way) from the beginning and speak of all the 32 kings as future since most of them were posterior to the battle; and thus they say the whole dynasty lasted 1000 years. These two statements are not contradictory but are hardly compatible, because taken together they assign 723 years to the last 16 kings and only 277 to the first 16. The total of 1000 years for 32 kings is excessive, and that of 723 years for 16 kings is absurd. But if we can read lines 30-31 as two independent sentences, and treat teṣām as applying, not merely to those 16 future kings, but to the Bṛhadrathas generally, their purport stands thus—"These 16 kings are to be known as the future Bṛhadrathas: and¹ their kingdom (that is, the kingdom of the Bṛhadrathas) lasts 723 years." The total duration then, 723 years, would be within possibility, for the average reign would be about 22½ years. This rendering would of course discredit lines 32-33. If we read vayo in jMt with that construction (see note 98), the total period would be 700 years and would give an average reign of just under 22 years, which would be vimś-ādhikam.

c4.s3.6

¹ The position of ca does not necessarily discredit this rendering, for cas are often inserted anywhere in these accounts.

c4.s3.7

Ata ūrdhvam pravakṣyāmi Māgadhā ye Bṛhadrathāḥ ¹ Jarāsandhasya ye vamśe ² Sahadev-ânvaye ³ nṛpāḥ atītā vartamānāś ca ⁴ bhaviṣyāś ca tathā punaḥ ⁵ prādhānyataḥ pravakṣyāmi gadato me nibodhata ⁶ saṅgrāme Bhārate vṛtte ⁷ Sahadeve nipātite ⁸ Somādhis ⁹ tasya dāyādo ¹⁰ rāj=ābhūt ¹¹ sa Girivraje ¹² pañcāśatam ¹³ tath=āṣṭau ca ¹⁴ samā rājyam akārayat Śrutaśravāś ¹⁵ catuḥ-ṣaṣṭim ¹⁶ samās tasy=ânvaye ¹⁷ 'bhavat ¹⁸ Ayutāyus ¹⁹ tu ²⁰ ṣaḍ-viṃśad ²¹ rājyam varṣāṇy ²² akārayat catvāriṃśat ²³ samās tasya | samāḥ śatam ²⁴ Nirāmitro Niramitro ²⁵ divam gataḥ | mahīm bhuktvā divam gataḥ pañcāśataṃ samāḥ ṣaṭ ca ²⁶ Sukṣatraḥ ²⁷ prāptavān mahīm trayo-viṃśad Bṛhatkarmā ²⁸ rājyaṃ varṣāṇy ²⁹ akārayat Senājit ³⁰ samprayātaś ca ³¹ | Senājit ³⁰ sāmprataṃ ³² cāpi bhuktvā ³³ pañcāśataṃ ³⁴ mahīn etā vai ³⁵ bhokṣyate ³⁶ samāḥ ³⁷ Śrutañjayas ³⁸ tu ³⁹ varṣāṇi ⁴⁰ catvāriṃśad ⁴¹ bhaviṣyati mahā-balo ⁴² mahā-bāhur ⁴³ mahā-buddhi⁴⁴-parākramaḥ aṣṭa-viṃśati ⁴⁵ varṣāṇi mahīm ⁴⁶ prāpsyati vai ⁴⁷ Vibhuḥ ⁴⁸ aṣṭa-pañcāśataṃ ⁴⁹ cābdān ⁵⁰ rājye sthāsyati vai Śuciḥ ⁵¹ aṣṭa-viṃśat ⁵² samā rājā ⁵³ Kṣemo ⁵⁴ bhokṣyati vai mahīm ⁵⁵

c4.s3.8

¹ So Mt, a²a⁴bdfghVā; also lVā (reading yo): fkmVā Māgadha (m, ºdhe) ye Bṛhadrathaḥ, Bd Māgadho yo Bº, jMt Māgadhéśo Bº: other Vā Māgadheyān Bṛhadrathān: eVā vamśe ye vai Vrhadrathāt. Bh says— Atha Māgadha-rājāno bhavitāro vadāmi te; which is not Skt but Pali; see Appendix I, § ii. Vṣ says— Māgadhānām Vārhadrathānām bhaviṣyāṇām (kVṣ bhāvinām) anukramaṃ kathayāmi.

c4.s3.9

² So Vā, Bd. Mt pūrveṇa ye Jarāsandhāt, which should prob. be pūrve tu ye Jº, cf. jMt sarve ye tu Jº. Vṣ says— atra hi vamśe mahābalā Jarāsandha-pradhānā babhūvuḥ. See JRAS, 1908, p. 316; and 1910, p. 29.

c4.s3.10

³ In jMt ºdevās tu ye; dMt crp.

c4.s3.11

⁴ Both accus. pl. in cefynMt; both nom. sing. in jMt.

c4.s3.12

⁵ So Vā, Bd. Mt ºsyāṃs (bdj, ºsyāś) ca nibodhata (j, nibodha tān).

c4.s3.13

⁶ This line only in Vā, Bd: eVā prādhānyas tān.

c4.s3.14

⁷ So Mt; jMt matte. Vā, Bd tasmin.

c4.s3.15

⁸ So Mt, eVā. Vā, Bd ºdevo nipātitah: ceMt yaiś ca bhuktā mahī drayam (c, duyam).

c4.s3.16

⁹ So Mt, Vā genly. Bd, cdefgjVṣ, CGr Somāpi; eVā, bhVṣ ºāvi; bnMt ºādi; Vṣ genly ºāmi; kVṣ ºāri: aVṣ Sīmāvi; jMt, bVā Samādhi, hVā Sāmº. Bh Mārjāri. For Somādhis tasya cMt has Sahadevasya, eMt ºdevo 'sya.

c4.s3.17

¹⁰ So Mt. Vā, Bd tanayo.

c4.s3.18

¹¹ So Mt: eVā rāj=āsit. Vā, Bd rājarṣiḥ.

c4.s3.19

¹² In lMt Giri[sam]vrajan; ceMt samiti-dhvajah.

c4.s3.20

¹³ Pañcāśac ca in fyMt; jMt reads this half line, pañcāśat sapta ca tathā.

c4.s3.21

¹⁴ Tathā c=aiva in bMt; eVā omits th= aṣṭau ca.

c4.s3.22

¹⁵ So Mt, a¹-⁴mVā, Bd. Bh, bkVṣ, CGr agree. CVā ºśruvāś; fBh ºśruva; abGr ºścavās: gBh Śutaśravas, tBh Vyutasº. Vṣ genly Śrutavān; aVṣ †Tuḳṣata.

c4.s3.23

¹⁶ So Mt, Ca'Vā: a²-⁴bdfyhijklmVā, Bd sapta-ṣaṣṭi; but dVā repeats the line thus— Śrutaśravā ṣaṣṭi samās tatas tasya suto 'bhavat: so bVā also, crp.

c4.s3.24

¹⁷ So Mt genly; bMt ºanvayo; dMt ºantayo; nMt tasya nayo. Vā, Bd tasya suto.

c4.s3.25

¹⁸ Bharet in bkMt.

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