History of Dharmashastra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v5: Volume 5

History of Dharmaśāstra (Ancient and Mediaeval Religious and Civil Law in India) v5

Language: English

v5.c66 Front matter — 17 parts
v5.c67 Abbreviations — 50 parts
v5.c68 Brief Synopsis of the Contents of Volume IV — 22 parts
v5.c69 Important Works Consulted — 164 parts
v5.c70 Index of Cases Cited — 18 parts
v5.c71 Section I. Pātaka, Prāyaścitta and Karmavipāka — 2 parts
v5.c72 Section II. Antyeṣṭi, Śuddhi — 552 parts
v5.c73 Section III — 173 parts
v5.c74 Section IV — 166 parts
v5.c75 Appendix—of long Sanskrit Passages — 1,235 parts
v5.c76 Index of Important Words — 20 parts

Volume 5

Front matter

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PREPARED UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF THE PUBLICATION DEPARTMENT OF THE BHANDARKAR ORIENTAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE POONA

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Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona

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(ANCIENT AND MEDIÆVAL RELIGIOUS AND CIVIL LAW IN INDIA)

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(PĀTAKA, PRĀYAŚCITTA, KARMAVIPĀKA, ANTYEṢṬI, ĀŚAUCA, ŚUDDHI, ŚRĀDDHA AND TĪRTHAYĀTRĀ)

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Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona Copies can be had direct from the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona 4, India Price Rs. 30 per copy, exclusive of Postage.

Printed by Mr K G Sharangpani, at the Aryabhushan Press, 915/1 Shivaji Nagar, Poona 4, and Published by Dr. R. N Dandekar, M. A , Ph D , Hon. Secretary, Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, Poona 4

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The third volume of the History of Dharmaśāstra was published in October 1946. In the brief preface to that volume I intimated that the remaining topics of Dharmaśāstra would be dealt with in one volume. But as I proceeded with the task I found that that was a miscalculation. To present in one volume all the topics that remained in the manner and on the scale that I had adopted in the first three volumes was found to be impossible. Besides, as my age advanced, I could not maintain the same speed and finish the whole history in a few years as I intimated I would do in the preface to the third volume. Therefore, I had to decide, however reluctantly, to spread the remaining work over two volumes. Owing to the scarcity of paper and paucity of skilled workers, this volume has been in the press for more than three years This volume deals with eight topics, viz Pātaka, Prāyaścitta, Karmavipāka, Antyeṣṭi, Āśauca, Śuddhi, Śrāddha and Tīrthayātrā. These subjects are of great interest to anthropologists. There was great temptation for me, when dealing with these topics, to indulge in dwelling upon similar beliefs, usages and rites described in such works as Frazer's 'Golden Bough.' For two reasons, however, I have rarely succumbed to this temptation. In the first place, there was the fear of increasing the bulk of the work which has already assumed enormous proportions. In the second place, dwelling on comparisons of ancient and medieval Indian usages and rites with similar usages and rites found elsewhere is liable to serious misunderstanding. Frazer's volumes are largely made up of materials concerning the beliefs, usages and rites of very primitive people. It appeared to me that readers of such comparisons might be led to think that people in ancient and medieval India were at a primitive stage of culture, while as a matter of fact they had a very high culture in most matters, although they retained certain beliefs and usages derived from remote antiquity. Many cultured societies retain some usages that belong to periods of antiquity. The queen in France was not to leave for a whole year the room in which the death of her consort was announced to her. Wretched old women deemed to be witches were prosecuted and sentenced to death in England up to the beginning of the eighteenth century, while Manu (IX. 290) more than two thousand years ago prescribed the mild punishment of a fine of two hundred *paṇas* for all incantations intended to destroy life, for magic rites and for raising ghosts and goblins. My main aim has throughout been to discover, collect, classify and interpret the facts of the various departments of Dharmaśāstra and my endeavour has been, as far as in me lies, to present the truth with detachment and intellectual integrity and without bias (except what might have been unconsciously engendered in my mind owing to my being born and brought up in a brāhmaṇa family) to show the continuity, the developments and transformations in Indian beliefs, rites and usages throughout the ages and, while bringing the past in its causal relations with the present, to indicate and suggest future trends and changes in these matters.†

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The fifth and last volume will mainly deal with the following subjects vratas and utsavas, śānti rites, kāla and muhūrta; paurāṇa-dharma, the influence of the Pūrvamīmāṁsā and other śāstras on dharmaśāstra; the cosmological, religious and philosophical background of dharmaśāstra; the fundamental aspects of our culture through the ages; the impact of modern social and other ideas and trends on the dogmas and ideals of dharmaśāstra and the future of the latter This by itself is rather an ambitious programme. Now that I am over seventy-three years of age and suffering from several ailments I have misgivings whether I would be able to write this last volume and publish it while all mental and physical faculties are sound I am myself extremely anxious to write this last volume as early as possible and bring to a conclusion an undertaking to which I have devoted all my leisure for over thirty years regardless of monetary losses and bodily ailments. With that object in view I have given up either entirely or very largely most of my other activities and engagements and have thereby offended many of my friends.

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This volume also is full of quotations, references to inscriptions and judicial decisions. The reasons for this have been stated at length in the preface to the second volume and therefore they need not be repeated here. The list of additions to this volume is much larger than in the preceding volumes. I may be pardoned for frankly stating the reason. The first and second volumes of the History of Dharmaśāstra were published so far back as 1930 and 1941 respectively. No second edition of these has yet been called. It seems to me quite possible that during my life-time no second edition of the volumes of the History, or at least of this volume, might appear. Therefore, I tried to incorporate by way of additions such information as had escaped me while the work was being written in order to make it as complete as possible.

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I now discharge the pleasant duty of acknowledging my obligations to others Bloomfield's Vedic Concordance, the Vedic Index of Professors Macdonell and Keith, and the volumes of the Sacred Books of the East have been very useful in preparing this volume as in the case of its predecessors. Paramahamsa Swāmī Kevalānanda Sarasvatī of Wai has been a tower of strength in all matters of doubt and difficulty and has helped me by offering prompt guidance in solving some intricate problems. I am highly obliged to Mr. S. N. Savadi of the Bhandarkar Oriental Institute, Poona, for help in the correction of proofs and to Mr. P. M. Purandare, Advocate (O. S.), Bombay High Court, and Tarkatīrtha Raghunath Shāstri Kokje of Lonavla for reading the printed sheets as they came and making valuable suggestions.

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It is difficult to name all those who in various ways, during the progress of this volume for over six years, kindly rendered assistance, but I should like to make special mention of Prof. K V. Rangaswami Aiyangar, Mr. A. N. Krishna Aiyangar, Dr. A. S. Altekar, Dr. S K Belvalkar, Prof. G. H. Bhatt, Mr. Bhabatosh Bhattacharya, Mr. N. G. Chapekar, Dr. R. N. Dandekar, Mr. D. B Diskalkar, Dr. G. S Gai, Prof. P. K. Gode, Tarka-tīrtha Laksmaṇashāstri Joshi, Mr. G. H. Khare, Pandit Balacharya Khuperkar, Dr. Umesha Mishra, Dr. V. Raghavan, Prof. L. Renou, Prof. H. D. Velankar. Thanks are due to these scholars and many others for help and interest in this volume. I am conscious that in spite of so much help and generous encouragement from friends there are in this volume several mistakes, the sole responsibility for which rests on my shoulders. In a work replete with thousands of quotations and references it is quite likely that many slips have escaped my attention.§ For these and for the elision of a few diacritical marks and the displacement of parts of Sanskrit letters in the process of printing the indulgence and forgiveness of all readers are sought. I sincerely thank the Manager of the Aryabhushan Press Poona, for carrying out the work of printing this volume with care in spite of difficulties caused by paper and labour shortage.

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§ I take this opportunity of correcting two mistakes that I regret I committed in the third volume of the History of Dharmaśāstra. In note 1886 on p 968 (of vol III) I refer to a work of Mr Batuknath Bhattacharya that contains a full treatment of *Kalivarjya*. I suggested in that note that Mr. Bhattacharya probably retouched his thesis after 1937 though it was written in 1933, in view of the fact that he referred to the Smṛtimuktāphala (which was published in 1937 by Mr Gharpure) Through oversight I forgot that Mr. Bhattacharya had expressly stated that he used the transcript of a ms of the Smṛtimuktāphala specially made for him. Therefore, I was wrong in my surmise that he probably retouched his thesis and I must say that the thesis as published in 1943 is the same as that written in 1933 for the Jogendrachandra Ghose Research Prize The second mistake refers to Dr. U. N Ghosal on p 32 (of vol III) I stated 'it is not possible to hold as Jayaswal, U Ghosal and others do that the theory of social contract was the earlier one and the theory of divine right of kings was later on propounded by the Manusmṛti to support the brāhmaṇa empire of Puṣyamitra' In writing this sentence my memory was at fault I find that Dr. Ghosal does not hold the view that I attributed to him. In the 'Indian Historical Quarterly' (vol 23, pp 68-70) Dr Ghosal justly protests against my bracketing him with Jayaswal, but I cannot help observing that the last sentence in the paper shows unexpected acerbity In his whole career as a writer Dr Ghosal was not probably guilty of a single slip and could not therefore bring himself to believe that my mistake might have been *bona fide*.

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.{l} \scshape{Bombay}, / 10-10-1953} P V KANE

Abbreviations

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( Most of the abbreviations on pp. 728-29 are not included in this list )

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I. H Q. = Indian Historical Quarterly J. A S. B. = Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal Jai = Jaimini's Pūrvamīmāṁsā-sūtra Jaimini Gr. = Jaimini-gṛhya-sūtra JBBRAS = Journal of the Bombay Branch of the Royal Asiatic Society Jiv. = Jivananda Vidyasagara's edition J. O. R. = Journal of Oriental Research (Madras) J. R. A. S = Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain Kāt = Kātyāyana Kāt Śr. or Kāt. Śr. S. = Kātyāyanaśrautasūtra Kāṭhaka Gr = Kāṭhaka-gṛhya-sūtra Kātyāyana = Kātyāyana-smṛtisāroddhāra (ed. by me) Kauś or Kauśika = Kauśikasūtra Kauṣ Up = Kauṣītaki Upaniṣad Khādira Gr = Khādira-gṛhya-sūtra m = mentioned Mārk = Mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇa Mit = Mitākṣarā, commentary on Yājñavalkya M. S. = Maitrāyaṇī-saṁhitā Nir = Nirukta Nirn. = Nirṇayasāgara Press ed Pāṇ = Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī Pār. gr = Pāraskara-gṛhya-sūtra Par M. = Parāśara-Mādhavīya Pr M. = Prāyaścitta-mayūkha Pr. Pr. or Pr Prakāśa = Prāyaścitta-prakāśa Pr. Prakaraṇa = Prāyaścitta-prakaraṇa Pr S or Pr. sāra = Prāyaścittasāra Pr T or Pr Tattva = Prāyaścittatattva

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Pr. V. or Pr. Vi. = Prāyaścittaviveka q = quoted Q. B D = Queen's Bench Division Ṛg. = Ṛgveda Sāma. Br. = Sāmavidhāna Brāhmaṇa Śāṅ. Br. = Śāṅkhāyana Brāhmaṇa Śāṅ. gr = Śāṅkhāyana-gṛhya-sūtra Śāṅ Śr or Śāṅ. Śr. S. = Śāṅkhāyanaśrauta-sūtra Śat. Br = Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa Sat Śr = Satyāṣāḍhaśrauta-sūtra S. B. E. = Sacred Books of the East (ed. by Maxmuller) S K. = Śuddhikaumudī S. K L. = Śrāddhakalpalatā Sm. C. or Smr. C. = Smṛticandrikā Smr M = Smṛtimuktāphala Śr. P. or Śr Pr = Śrāddhaprakāśa Śr. K. K. = Śrāddhakriyākaumudī S. V = Sāmaveda Tai Ā. or Tai. Ār = Taittirīya Āraṇyaka Tai Br = Taittirīya Brāhmaṇa Tai. S. = Taittirīya Saṁhitā Tai Up = Taittirīya-upaniṣad Tāṇḍya Br. = Tāṇḍyamahābrāhmaṇa Tīr. C. = Tīrthacintāmaṇi Tīr. K = Tīrthakalpataru Tīrthapr. or Tīr Pr. = Tīrthaprakāśa Tri. S. = Tristhalīsetu T S = Tīrthasāra Up. = Upaniṣad Vaik Smārta or Vaik Sm. S = Vaikhānasa-smārta-sūtra Vaik Śr or Vaik Śr. S = Vaikhānasa-śrauta-sūtra Vāj S. = Vājasaneya-saṁhitā Vas = Vasiṣṭha-dharma-sūtra Visnu Dh. or Visnu Dh. S. = Visnudharmasūtra Vy. M. = Vyavahāramayūkha Yāj. = Yājñavalkya-smrti अ. क. दी. = अन्त्यकर्मदीपक अग्नि. or अग्निपु. = अग्निपुराण अथर्व. = अथर्ववेद अनु. = अनुशासनपर्व अन्त्येष्टिप. = अन्त्येष्टिपद्धति of नारायण आ. गृ. परि. = आपस्तम्बगृह्यपरिशिष्ट आप. = आपस्तम्बधर्मसूत्र आप. गृ. = आपस्तम्बगृह्यसूत्र आप ध. or आप. ध. सू. = आपस्तम्बधर्मसूत्र आप म. पा = आपस्तम्बमन्त्रपाठ आप. श्रौ. or आ. श्रौ. = आपस्तम्बश्रौतसूत्र आश्व गृ. परि. = आश्वलायनगृह्यपरिशिष्ट आश्व. गृ or आश्व गृ सू = आश्वलायनगृह्य-सूत्र आश्व. श्रौ. or आश्व श्रौ. सू. = आश्वलायन-श्रौतसूत्र ऋ. = ऋग्वेद ऐ आ. = ऐतरेय-आरण्यक ऐ. ब्रा. = ऐतरेयब्राह्मण क. उप. or कठ. or कठोप. = कठोपनिषद् कल्प० = कृत्यकल्पतरु or कल्पतरु of लक्ष्मीधर कात्या. = कात्यायनस्मृतिसारोद्धार का. श्रौ. सू. or कात्या. श्रौ. or कात्या. श्रौ. सू = कात्यायनश्रौतसूत्र कौ. ब्रा. उप. or कौषीतकि-ब्रा. उप. = कौषीतकिब्राह्मणोपनिषद् गङ्गाभक्ति. or गङ्गाभ. = गङ्गाभक्तितरङ्गिणी गङ्गावाक्या or गङ्गावा. = गङ्गावाक्यावलि गरुड or गरुडपु. = गरुडपुराण गृह र. = गृहस्थरत्नाकर गौ. or गौ. ध. सू = गौतमधर्मसूत्र गौ. पि. सू. = गौतमपितृमेधसूत्र चतुर्विंशति. or चतुर्विंश. or चतु सं. = चतु-र्विंशतिमतसंग्रह चतुर्वर्ग. = चतुर्वर्गचिन्तामणि of हेमाद्रि छा. उप. or छां. उप. or छान्दोग्योप. = छान्दोग्योपनिषद् ताण्ड्य. = ताण्ड्यमहाब्राह्मण तीर्थकल्प. = कल्पतरु on तीर्थ (G. O. S.) ती. प्र. or तीर्थप्र. = तीर्थप्रकाश ती. चि. or तीर्थचि. = तीर्थचिन्तामणि of वाचस्पति तै आ. = तैत्तिरीयारण्यक तै. उप. = तैत्तिरीयोपनिषद् तै. ब्रा. = तैत्तिरीयब्राह्मण तै. सं. = तैत्तिरीयसंहिता त्रि. से. सा. स. = त्रिस्थलीसेतुसारसङ्ग्रह of भट्टोजि त्रिस्थली = त्रिस्थलीसेतु of नारायणभट्ट निर्णय० or नि. सि = निर्णयसिन्धु पद्म. or पद्मपु. = पद्मपुराण परा. मा. = पराशरमाधवीय पा = पाणिनि’s अष्टाध्यायी पार. गृ. = पारस्करगृह्यसूत्र पृथ्वी० or पृथ्वीच० or पृथ्वीचन्द्र. = पृथ्वी-चन्द्रोदय प्राय. तत्त्व = प्रायश्चित्ततत्त्व प्राय. प्रकरण or प्राय प्रक. = प्रायश्चित्तप्रकरण प्रा प्रकाश = प्रायश्चित्तप्रकाश प्राय. वि or प्रा. वि. or प्राय. वि. = प्राय-श्चित्तविवेक प्राय. म. = प्रायश्चित्तमयूख प्राय. सा. or प्राय. सार = प्रायश्चित्तसार बृह उ. = बृहदारण्यकोपनिषद् बृ. सं = बृहत्संहिता of वराहमिहिर बौ. गृ. = बौधायनगृह्यसूत्र बौ. ध. सू. = बौधायनधर्मसूत्र बौ. श्रौ. = बौधायनश्रौतसूत्र ब्रह्मपु. = ब्रह्मपुराण भवि पु or भविष्यपु. = भविष्यपुराण मत्स्य = मत्स्यपुराण मद. पा. = मदनपारिजात मनु = मनुस्मृति महार्णव = महार्णवकर्मविपाक (ms.) मानवगृ. = मानवगृह्यसूत्र मिता. = मिताक्षरा मेधा. = मेधातिथि, commentator of मनु मै. सं = मैत्रायणीसंहिता या. or याज्ञ. = याज्ञवल्क्यस्मृति राजत. = राजतरङ्गिणी of कल्हण

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OF some important Sanskrit works and authors referred to in volume IV

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N. B.—Some dates, particularly of ancient works, are conjectural and disputed by several scholars. Most of the dates about authors from the 8th or 9th century refer to the probable periods of their literary activity except in the case of a few authors such as Śaṅkarācārya and Vidyāpati.

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4000 B. C.–1000 B. C.—The period of the Vedic Saṁhitās, Brāhmaṇas and Upaniṣads. Some hymns of the Ṛgveda, of the Atharvaveda, and in the Taittirīya Saṁhitā and Brāhmaṇa may possibly go back to a period earlier than 4000 B. C. and some of the Upaniṣads (even from among those that are regarded by most scholars as the earliest ones) may be later than 1000 B. C. Some scholars have criticized me for ascribing the vedic saṁhitās to such an early date as 4000 B. C. Time and health permitting, I may have to deal with this question in a separate work after I finish the 5th and last volume on which I am now engaged.

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800 B. C.–500 B. C.—The Nirukta of Yāska

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800 B C.–400 B. C.—The principal śrautasūtras (of Āpastamba, Āśvalāyana, Baudhāyana, Kātyāyana, Satyāṣāḍha and others) and some of the gṛhyasūtras (such as those of Āpastamba and Āśvalāyana)

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600–300 B. C.—The Dharmasūtras of Gautama, Āpastamba, Baudhāyana, Vasiṣṭha and the Gṛhyasūtras of Pāraskara and a few others.

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600 B. C.–300 B. C.—Pāṇini

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500 B. C.–200 B. C.—Jaimini's Pūrva-mīmāṁsā-sūtra

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500 B. C.–200 B. C —The Bhagavadgītā

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300 B. C.—Vararuci Kātyāyana, author of Vārtikas on Pāṇini's sūtras

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300 B. C.–100 A. D.—Arthaśāstra of Kauṭilya (rather nearer the former date than the latter)

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150 B. C.—100 A. D. The Mahābhāṣya of Patañjali (probably nearer the former date than the latter)

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200 B. C.–100 A. D.—Manusmṛti 100 A. D –300 A D—Yājñavalkyasmṛti 100 A. D.–300 A. D.—Viṣṇudharmasūtra 100 A. D.–400 A. D —Nāradasmṛti 200 A D –400 A.D —Śabara's bhāṣya on Jaimini's Pūrva-mīmāṁsā-sūtra (rather nearer the former date) 300 A. D.–500 A. D—Bṛhaspati-smṛti on Vyavahāra and other topics (not yet found) Extracts on Vyavahāra were translated in S B E. vol 33 and extracts on many topics of Dharma were collected by Prof. Rangasvami Aiyangar and published in Gaikwad Oriental series 300 A D.–600 A. D —Some of the extant Purāṇas such as Vāyu, Viṣṇu, Mārkaṇḍeya, Matsya, Kūrma 500 A D –550 A D—Varāhamihira, author of Pañca-siddhāntikā, Bṛhatsaṁhitā, Bṛhat-Jātaka and other works 600 A D.–650 A. D.—Bāṇa, author of the Kādambarī and Harṣacarita 650–665 A. D.—Kāśikā, commentary by Vāmana and Jayāditya on Pāṇini's Aṣṭādhyāyī 650–700 A. D.—Kumārilabhaṭṭa, author of Tantravārtika and other works. 600 A. D –900 A. D —Most of the smṛtis such as those of Parāśara, Śaṅkha, Devala and some of the Purāṇas such as Agni, Garuḍa. 788 A. D.–820 A. D.—Śaṅkarācārya, the great Advaita philosopher 800 A. D.–850 A D—Viśvarūpa, the commentator of Yājñavalkyasmṛti 825 A D –900 A. D —Medhātithi, a commentator of Manusmṛti 966 A. D.—Utpala composed his commentary on the Bṛhajjātaka of Varāhamihira 1000 A D –1050 A. D.—Dhāreśvara Bhoja, author of numerous works 1080 A. D.–1100 A. D.- -Vijñāneśvara, the author of the Mitākṣarā commentary on Yājñavalkya-smṛti 1080 A. D.–1110 A D Govindarāja, a commentator of Manusmṛti 1100--1130 A D—Lakṣmīdhara, the author of a vast digest on Dharmaśāstra called Kalpataru or Kṛtyakalpataru 1100–1150 A D—Jīmūtavāhana, author of the Dāyabhāga, Kāla-viveka and Vyavahāramātṛkā. 1100–1150 A. D Bhavadevabhaṭṭa, author of Prāyaścitta-prakaraṇa and other works 1110 A. D –1130—A. D Aparārka, Śilāhāra king, composed a ccmmentary on Yājñavalkyasmṛti 1127 A. D.–1138 A. D—Mānasollāsa or Abhilaṣitārtha-cintāmaṇi of Someśvaradeva 1150 A.D.–1160 A.D.—Rājataraṅgiṇī of Kalhaṇa

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1150 A.D.–1180 A.D.—Aniruddhabhaṭṭa, author of Hāralatā and Pitṛdayitā

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1150 A D.–1200 A.D.—Smṛtyarthasāra of Śrīdhara

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1150 A.D.–1300 A.D.—Haradatta, commentator of the Dharmasūtras of Gautama and Āpastamba and some gṛhyasūtras

v5.c67.22

1200 A.D.–1225 A.D.—Smṛticandrikā of Devannabhaṭṭa

v5.c67.23

1150 A.D.–1300 A.D.—Kullūka, a commentator on Manusmṛti

v5.c67.24

1175 A.D.–1200 A.D.—Halāyudha, son of Dhanañjaya and author of Brāhmaṇasarvasva

v5.c67.25

1260 A D.–1270 A.D—Caturvargacintāmaṇi of Hemādri

v5.c67.26

1275 A.D.–1310 A.D.—Śrīdatta, author of Pitṛbhakti, Samayapradīpa and other works

v5.c67.27

1300 A.D.–1370 A.D—Caṇḍeśvara, author of Gṛhastharatnākara, Vivādaratnākara, Kṛtyaratnākara and other works

v5.c67.28

1300 A.D.–1380 A.D.—Sāyaṇa, compiler of bhāṣyas on Vedic Saṁhitās and Brāhmaṇas

v5.c67.29

1300 A.D.–1380 A.D.—Mādhavācārya, commentator of Parāśarasmṛti and other works and brother of Sāyaṇa

v5.c67.30

1360 A. D.–1390 A. D.—Madanapārijāta and Mahārṇavaprakāśa compiled under king Madanapāla and his son

v5.c67.31

1360 A.D.–1448 A.D.—These are the dates of the birth and death of Vidyāpati, author of Gaṅgāvākyāvalī and other works. Vide Indian Antiquary vol. 14 pp 190–191 for an inscription which records in four eras the grant of the village Bisapī to Vidyāpati by king Śivasiṁha, son of Devasimha (śake 1321, saṁvat 1455, La. Saṁ. 283 and san 807)

v5.c67.32

1375 A.D.–1440 A.D.—Śūlapāṇi, author of Dīpakalikā, commentary on Yājñavalkya, Prāyaścitta-viveka, Durgotsavaviveka and other works.

v5.c67.33

1375–1500 A.D.—Pṛthvīcandra, son of Nāgamalla, author of a vast digest called Dharmatattvakalānidhi, divided into Prakāśas on śrāddha, vyavahāra and other topics.

v5.c67.34

1425–1450 A.D.—Madanaratna, an extensive digest compiled by king Madanasiṁhadeva

v5.c67.35

1425 A.D.–1460 A.D.—Rudradhara, author of Śuddhīviveka, Śrāddhaviveka and other works

v5.c67.36

1425–1490 A. D.—Vācaspati, author of Śuddhicintāmaṇi, Tīrthacintāmaṇi and numerous other works.

v5.c67.37

1450–1500 A. D.—Vardhamāna, author of Daṇḍaviveka, Gaṅgākṛtyaviveka and other works

v5.c67.38

1490 A.D.–1515 A.D.—Nṛsiṁhaprasāda of Dalapati,of which Śrāddhasāra, Tīrthasāra, Prāyaścittasāra and several more are parts.

v5.c67.39

1500 A.D.–1540 A. D—Govindānanda, author of Śuddhikaumudī, Śrāddhakriyākaumudī and other works

v5.c67.40

1513–1580—Nārāyaṇabhaṭṭa, author of Prayogaratna, Antyeṣṭipaddhati, Tristhalīsetu

v5.c67.41

1520–1575—Raghunandana, author of numerous works called Tattvas on Śrāddha, Tīrtha, Śuddhi, Prāyaścitta and other topics

v5.c67.42

1520–1589—Ṭoḍarānanda compiled under the patronage of Todarmal and divided into Saukhyas on Śuddhi, Śrāddha, Tīrtha, Prāyaścitta, Karmavipāka and about 15 more topics

v5.c67.43

1590–1630 A D—Nandapaṇḍita, author of several works such as Vaijayantī (com. on Viṣṇudharmasūtra), Śrāddha-kalpalatā, Śuddhicandrikā, Dattakamīmāṁsā

v5.c67.44

1610–1640—Kamalākarabhaṭṭa, author of Nirṇayasindhu and over 20 works besides

v5.c67.45

1610–1640—Vīramitrodaya of Mitramiśra, of which Tīrthaprakāśa, Prāyaścittaprakāśa, Śrāddhaprakāśa are parts

v5.c67.46

1610–1645—Nīlakaṇṭha, author of Bhagavantabhāskara in 12 Mayūkhas on Prāyaścitta, Śuddhi, Śrāddha and other topics

v5.c67.47

1700–1740—Smṛtimuktāphala of Vaidyanātha

v5.c67.48

1700–1750 A. D.—Nāgeśa or Nāgojībhaṭṭa, author of about 30 works among which Tīrthenduśekhara, Prāyaścittenduśekhara, Śrāddhenduśekhara were used in this volume

v5.c67.49

1790—Kāśīnātha Upādhyāya, author of Dharmasindhu, composed it in śake 1712

v5.c67.50

1730–1820—Bālambhaṭṭa, author of a commentary on the Mitākṣarā, called Bālambhaṭṭī

Brief Synopsis of the Contents of Volume IV

v5.c68.1

OF THE

v5.c68.3

PAGES

v5.c68.4

Section I :—Pātaka, Prāyaścitta, Karmavipāka

v5.c68.5

Chapter I Sin in Ṛgveda, conception of ṛta, enumeration and classification of sins, grave sins and lesser lapses, doctrine of *karma* ... 1—40

v5.c68.6

Chapter II Means of reducing the consequences of sins, viz. confession, repentance, *prāṇāyāma*, *tapas*, *homa*, *japa* (muttering sacred texts), gifts, fasting, pilgrimages. ... 41—56

v5.c68.7

Chapter III Prāyaścitta (expiation), derivation of the word, origin and meaning; expiations and secular punishments; circumstances to be considered in prescribing expiations; pariṣad (assembly of learned men) and its duties. ... 57—86

v5.c68.8

Chapter IV Expiations for grave sins such as brāhmaṇa murder and for lesser sins, procedure followed; tonsure; substitutes for expiations ... 87–129

v5.c68.9

Chapter V Names and descriptions of all individual expiations. ... 130–152

v5.c68.10

Chapter VI Consequences of not undergoing expiations, historical account of the ideas of Heaven, Hells and torments; doctrine of *karmavipāka*. ... 153–178

v5.c68.11

Section II :—Antyeṣṭi (rites after death), āśauca (impurity on birth and death), Śuddhi (purification).

v5.c68.12

Chapter VII Eschatology; Ṛgveda X. 14–18 translated; rites on death of āhitāgni in Śat. Br. and śrauta and gṛhya sūtras, cremation; burial; offering of water to deceased, collecting charred bones and casting them into sacred waters, *śānti* rites; graves; persons competent to perform rites after death. ... 179–266

v5.c68.13

Chapter VIII Śuddhi includes purification after āśauca (impurity on birth and death), purification of the body, of substances (pots, wells, food), of images and temples; derivation of the word āśauca, its meaning and two varieties (on birth and on death); circumstances on which periods of āśauca depended; exception to rules about observance of āśauca; Nārāyanabali for those who commit suicide; emphasis on mental purity. ... 267–333

v5.c68.14

Section III.—Śrāddha

v5.c68.15

Chapter IX Derivation and definition of 'śrāddha', *śrāddha* and the doctrines of *karma* and *punarjanma*, pıtṛs; panegyrics of śrāddha; only three rites for the departed in ancient times vız. pıṇḍapıtṛyajña, mahāpıtṛyajña and aṣṭakās, the *adhıkārin* (person entitled to perform) for śrāddha, meanıng of the word 'putra', proper times and places for śrāddha, classification of śrāddhas, qualifications of brāhmaṇas to be invited, persons unfit to be invited, food recommended and condemned in śrāddha, pıṇḍapıtṛyajña as described in Taittırīya Samhıtā and Brāhmaṇa, pārvaṇaśrāddha as described in Aśvalāyanagṛhya, in Yājñavalkya, and in Padmapurāna; Viśve-devas, *agnau-karaṇa*; number of āhutıs, number of ancestors to whom pınḍas are offered (3, 6, 9 or 12), description of modern pārvaṇaśrāddha; meaning of sapiṇḍa, āmaśrāddha. .. 334–515

v5.c68.16

Chapter X Ekoddiṣṭa and other śrāddhas, hema-śrāddha, procedure of sapiṇḍīkaraṇa or sapiṇḍana, occasions for and description of ābhyudayıkaśrāddha, pratisāṃvatsarıka śrāddha and mahālayaśrāddha, mātāmahaśrāddha; letting loose of a bull; gift of cow ... 516-551

v5.c68.17

Section IV :—Tīrthayātrā (pilgrimages to holy places)

v5.c68.18

Chapter XI Holy places (mountains, rivers, forests) play important part in the culture and unity of India; meaning of tīrtha in Ṛgveda and later texts; grounds on which places become tīrthas; number of tīrthas very large; four classes of tīrthas, viz. daiva, āsura, ārṣa and mānusa; who should go on a pilgrimage, rites on starting; tonsure and fast. ... 552-584

v5.c68.19

Chapter XII Ganges eulogised in Ṛgveda, Mahābhārata and purāṇas; Tristhalī i. e. Prayāga, Kāsī and Gayā, eulogy of Prayāga, tonsure at Prayāga; suicide at Prayāga; sub-tīrthas of Prayāga such as Akṣayavaṭa. ... 585-617

v5.c68.20

Chapter XIII Kāśī; ancient history and eulogy of Kāśī; Banaras known under five different names; derivation of the words Kāśī and Vārāṇasī; Viśveśvara and Maṇikarṇikā; five essential tīrthas at Banaras; Pañcakrośī pilgrimage; sub-tīrthas, such as Jñānavāpī, numerous liṅgas at Banaras ... 618-642

v5.c68.21

Chapter XIV Gayā; Gayāmāhātmya in Vāyupurāṇa (chapt. 105-112); views about its date; Viṣṇupada and Gayaśiras in Nirukta; brief summary of Gayāmāhātmya; most important spots in Gayā are the Phalgu river, Viṣṇupada and Akṣayavaṭa; the five tīrthas of Gayā; offering of śrāddha and piṇḍas at Gayā; the seven holy cities, twelve Jyotir-liṅgas, and four Dhāmas ... 643-679

v5.c68.22

Chapter XV Kurukṣetra and some other famous tīrthas. History of Kurukṣetra and its other names viz. northern Vedi of Prajāpati and Samantapañcaka; tīrthas of Kurukṣetra such as Sarasvatī, Prthūdaka, seven forests; Mathurā, its history, twelve forests, Vṛndāvana, Govardhana, Gokula or Vraja, Puruṣottama tīrtha or Jagannātha; peculiar features of Jagannātha, viz. car festival, army of attendants, five important tīrthas, obscene sculptures on walls of Jagannātha temple. Narmadā, eulogy of and sub-tīrthas on Narmadā, Godāvarī and 100 tīrthas thereon described in Brahmapurāṇa such as Tryambaka, Janasthāna, Nāsik, Govardhana, Pañcavaṭī, Kāñcī, Pandharpur, its chief temple of Viṭhobā, large staff of priests, temple of devotee Pundalīka, Vārkarīs . 680–722

v5.c68.23

Chapter XVI Comprehensive list of tīrthas and concluding remarks on tīrthas ... 723–827

Important Works Consulted

v5.c69.1

(N. B.—Works referred to only once or twice have generally been omitted)

v5.c69.2

Ānan. stands for Ānandāśrama Press edition; B I. for Bibliotheca Indica series, Calcutta; Ghar. for Mr. J. R. Gharpure's Publications; G. O. S. for Gaikwad Oriental series; Nirn. for Nirṇayasāgara Press editions, Jīv. for Jīvānanda Vidyāsagar's Publications and Venk. for Venkateśvara Press Publications.

v5.c69.3

Aitareya Āraṇyaka (ed. by Prof. Keith in Anecdota Oxoniensia)

v5.c69.4

Aitareya Brāhmaṇa with Sāyaṇa's *bhāṣya* (Ānan.)

v5.c69.5

Atharvaveda-saṃhitā (ed. by S P. Pandit and sometimes the edition of Pandit Sātavalekar)

v5.c69.6

Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣad

v5.c69.7

Chāndogyopaniṣad

v5.c69.8

Gopatha Brāhmaṇa (B. I. series)

v5.c69.9

Jābālopaniṣad

v5.c69.10

Jaiminīya Saṃhitā, ed. by Dr. Raghu Vira.

v5.c69.11

Kāṭhaka Saṃhitā (Pandit Sātavalekar's ed.)

v5.c69.12

Kaṭhopaniṣad

v5.c69.13

Kauṣītaki Brāhmaṇa (ed. by Lindner, Jena, 1887)

v5.c69.14

Kauṣītaki-brāhmaṇopaniṣad

v5.c69.15

Maitrāyaṇī Saṃhitā (Pandit Sātavalekar's ed.)

v5.c69.16

Ṛgveda Saṃhitā with Sāyaṇa's bhāṣya (ed. by the Poona Vaidikasaṃśodhana-maṇḍala)

v5.c69.17

Sāmavidhāna Brāhmaṇa (ed. by A. C. Burnell, 1873)

v5.c69.18

Śāṅkhāyana-brāhmaṇa (Ānan.)

v5.c69.19

Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa (ed. by A. Weber)

v5.c69.20

Taittirīya-āraṇyaka (Ānan.)

v5.c69.21

Taittirīya-brāhmaṇa (Ānan.)

v5.c69.22

Taittirīya-saṃhitā (Ānan.; sometimes Pandit Sātavalekar's edition has been used)

v5.c69.23

Tāṇḍya-brāhmaṇa (also called Pañcaviṃśa-brāhmaṇa)-B. I. series

v5.c69.24

Vājasaneya Saṃhitā (ed. by Pandit Sātavalekar).

v5.c69.25

*Śrauta, gṛhya and dharma sūtras, Vedāṅgas*

v5.c69.26

Āpastamba-dharmasūtra with the commentary of Haradatta published at Kumbhakonam by Halasyanatha Sastri Āpastamba-gṛhya-sūtra with the com. of Sudarśanācārya (Mysore Govt. Oriental Library series)

v5.c69.27

Āpastamba-mantra-pāṭha (ed. by Dr. Winternitz, 1897)

v5.c69.28

Āśvalāyana-gṛhya-sūtra with Nārāyaṇa's commentary (Nirn.)

v5.c69.29

Āśvalāyanaśrautasūtra with the com. of Nārāyaṇa (B. I. series).

v5.c69.30

Baudhāyana-dharmasūtra (Ānan.)

v5.c69.31

Baudhāyana-gṛhyasūtra with gṛhya-śeṣa-sūtra, gṛhyaparibhāṣā and Baudhāyana-pitṛmedhasūtra (ed by Dr. Sham Sastri in Mysore University Oriental Library Publications, 1920).

v5.c69.32

Baudhāyana-śrautasūtra (ed. by Dr. Caland in B I series)

v5.c69.33

Bhāradvāja-gṛhya-sūtra (ed. by Dr. Salomons, Leyden, 1913)

v5.c69.34

Brahmasūtra—see Vedāntasūtra

v5.c69.35

Bṛhad-devatā (ed by Prof. A. A Macdonell)

v5.c69.36

Gautamadharmasūtra (Ānan.)

v5.c69.37

Gobhila-gṛhya-sūtra (B I. series)

v5.c69.38

Gobhilasmṛti or Karmapradīpa (Ānan.)

v5.c69.39

Hiraṇyakeśi-gṛhyasūtra (ed by Dr. J. Kirste, 1889)

v5.c69.40

Jaimini's Pūrvamīmāṁsāsūtra with the bhāṣya of Śabara and the Tantravārtika of Kumārila (Ānan.)

v5.c69.41

Kāṭhaka-gṛhya with the commentaries of Ādityadarśana, Devapāla and Brāhmaṇabala (ed by Dr Caland, 1925)

v5.c69.42

Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra (ed. by A. Weber)

v5.c69.43

Kauśikasūtra (ed. by Prof Bloomfield)

v5.c69.44

Kauṣītaki-gṛhya-sūtra (Benares Sanskrit series) or Madras University Sanskrit series

v5.c69.45

Khādiragṛhyasūtra with the com. of Rudraskanda (Mysore Govt. Oriental Library series)

v5.c69.46

Mānavagṛhyasūtra with the com. of Aṣṭāvakra (G O. S.)

v5.c69.47

Nirukta of Yāska, ed by Roth: sometimes the edition of Prof. V. K. Rajwade with a translation and notes in Marathi has been relied upon

v5.c69.48

Pāraskara-gṛhyasūtra—edited by M M. Shridharshastri Pathak with a Marathi translation

v5.c69.49

Ṛgvidhāna of Śaunaka (ed by Prof. Jagadish Shastri), 1940

v5.c69.50

Sāṅkhāyana-gṛhya-sūtra (same as Kauṣītaki-gṛhya-sūtra)—published in the Benares Sanskrit series

v5.c69.51

Sāṅkhāyana-śrauta-sūtra (ed by Dr Hillebrandt)—B. I Series

v5.c69.52

Satyāṣāḍha-śrauta-sūtra (Ānan.)

v5.c69.53

Vaikhānasa-smārta-sūtra (edited with English translation by Dr. Caland) Vaikhānasa-śrauta-sūtra ed. by Dr. Caland (B. I. series, 1941) Vārāhagṛhyasūtra (G. O. S.) Vasiṣṭha-dharmasūtra (Bombay S. series) Vedāntasūtra with the bhāṣya of Śaṅkara (Nirn.) Viṣṇudharmasūtra (ed. by Dr. Jolly)

v5.c69.54

Smṛtis

v5.c69.55

Āpastambasmṛti in verse (Ānan.) Atri-smṛti (Ānan.) Auśanasa-smṛti (Jīv.) Bhagavad-gītā Bṛhat-Parāśara-smṛti (Jīv) Caturviṁśati-mata-saṅgraha (Benares Sanskrit Series) Dakṣasmṛti (Ānan.) Devalasmṛti (Ānan) Harivaṁśa (Chitraśālā Press ed. Poona) Kātyāyanasmṛti on Vyavahāra (reconstructed by P. V. Kane under the title 'Kātyāyanasmṛtisāroddhāra' with English Translation and notes) Laghu-Hārīta (Ānan.) Laghu-Viṣṇu (Ānan) Laghu-Āśvalāyana (Ānan.) Mahābhārata with the com. of Nīlakaṇṭha (oblong Bombay edition) Manusmṛti with the commentary of Kullūka (Nirn.), where other commentaries on Manu are referred to, it is Mandlik's edition with several commentaries that is cited Nāradasmṛti (ed by Dr. Jolly) Parāśarasmṛti (Bombay S. series) Prajāpatismṛti (Ānan.) Saṁvartasmṛti (Ānan.) Śaṅkhasmṛti in verse (Ānan.) Vedavyāsa-smṛti (Ānan) Vṛddha--Gautama-smṛti (Jīv.) Vṛddha-Hārīta-smṛti (Ānan.) Yājñavalkya-smṛti with the com. Mitākṣarā (Nirn.)

v5.c69.56

PURĀNAS

v5.c69.57

The Ānandāśrama editions of the Agni, Brahma, Brahmavaivarta, Matsya, Padma and Vāyu have been used, the Nirn edition of the Bhāgavatapurāna (text only) and the edition of the Narasimhapurāna published by Messrs Gopal Narayan and Co. have been relied upon, the Venkateśvara Press editions of the Bhavisya, Brahmānda, Brhan-Nāradīya (or simply Nāradīya), Garuda, Kālikā, Kūrma, Linga, Mārkandeya, Visnupurāna and Visnudharmottara have been used, the Nīlamatapurāna, ed. by Pandits Ramlal Kanjilal and Jagaddhar Zadoo (1924)

Linked texts (156)

Ṛgvedasaṃhitā — Sanskrit
Yājñavalkyasmṛti — Yājñavalkya, Sanskrit
Mānava Dharmaśāstra — Manu & Bhṛgu, Sanskrit
Gautamadharmasūtra — Gautama (dharmasūtrakāra), Sanskrit
Āpastambadharmasūtra — Āpastamba, Sanskrit
Vasiṣṭhadharmasūtra — Vasiṣṭha, Sanskrit
Agnipurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Vaiṣṇava Dharmaśāstra — Viṣṇu, Sanskrit
Chāndogyopaniṣad — Sanskrit
Parāśarasmṛti — Parāśara, Sanskrit
Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit
Aṣṭādhyāyī — Pāṇini, Sanskrit
Kāṭhakasaṃhitā — Sanskrit
Śatapathabrāhmaṇa — Yājñavalkya & Śāṇḍilya (Vedic teacher), Sanskrit
Taittirīyasaṃhitā — Sanskrit
Taittirīyopaniṣad — Sanskrit
Atharvavedasaṃhitā — Atharvan & Aṅgiras, Sanskrit
Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Mīmāṃsāsūtra — Jaimini, Sanskrit
Taittirīyabrāhmaṇa — Sanskrit
Baudhāyanadharmasūtra — Baudhāyana, Sanskrit
Śaṅkhasmṛti — Sanskrit
Brahmasūtra — Bādarāyaṇa, Sanskrit
Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣad — Sanskrit
Vājasaneyisaṃhitā — Sanskrit
Yogasūtra — Patañjali (author of the Yogasūtra), Sanskrit
Padmapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Brahmavaivartapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Jātaka — Pāli
Nāradapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Bhāgavatapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Baudhāyanaśrautasūtra — Baudhāyana, Sanskrit
Brahmāṇḍapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Brahmapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Rājataraṅgiṇī — Kalhaṇa, Sanskrit
Garuḍapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Vāyupurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Vaiyākaraṇasiddhāntakaumudī — Bhaṭṭoji Dīkṣita 1600, Sanskrit
Liṅgapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Kālikāpurāṇa — Sanskrit
Matsyapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Hiraṇyakeśiśrautasūtra — Hiraṇyakeśin, Sanskrit
Kauṣītakibrāhmaṇa — Kauṣītaki, Sanskrit
Kātyāyanaśrautasūtra — Kātyāyana (Vājasaneyi sūtrakāra), Sanskrit
Kūrmapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Kauṭilīya Arthaśāstra — Kauṭilya, Sanskrit
Śāṅkhāyanaśrautasūtra — Śāṅkhāyana, Sanskrit
Mārkaṇḍeyapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Hārītasaṃhitā — Hārīta, Sanskrit
Narasiṃhapurāṇa — Sanskrit
Haracaritacintāmaṇi — Jayadratha, Sanskrit
Baudhāyanagṛhyasūtra — Baudhāyana, Sanskrit
Āśvalāyanaśrautasūtra — Āśvalāyana, Sanskrit
Bṛhatsaṃhitā — Varāhamihira, Sanskrit
Nīlamatapurāṇa — Sanskrit
Bṛhaspatismṛti — Bṛhaspati, Sanskrit
Vaikhānasaśrautasūtra — Vikhanas, Sanskrit
Śāṅkhāyanagṛhyasūtra — Śāṅkhāyana, Sanskrit
Gobhilagṛhyasūtra — Gobhila, Sanskrit
Kātyāyanasmṛti — Kātyāyana (smṛtikāra), Sanskrit
Nāradasmṛti — Nārada, Sanskrit
Mānavagṛhyasūtra — Sanskrit
Kauṣītakagṛhyasūtra — Sanskrit
Āśvalāyanagṛhyasūtra — Āśvalāyana, Sanskrit
Ṛgvidhāna — Śaunaka, Sanskrit
Pāraskaragṛhyasūtra — Pāraskara, Sanskrit
Bṛhaddevatā — Śaunaka, Sanskrit
Kāvyamīmāṃsā — Rājaśekhara, Sanskrit
Bhaviṣyapurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Viṣṇudharmottarapurāṇa — Sanskrit
Kauṣītakibrāhmaṇopaniṣad — Sanskrit
Maitrāyaṇīsaṃhitā — Sanskrit
Kāṭhakagṛhyasūtra — Laugākṣi, Sanskrit
Viśvāmitrasmṛti — Sanskrit
Khādiragṛhyasūtra — Khādira, Sanskrit
Hiraṇyakeśigṛhyasūtra — Hiraṇyakeśin, Sanskrit
Karmapradīpa — Kātyāyana (Vājasaneyi sūtrakāra), Sanskrit
Vaikhānasasmārtasūtra — Vikhanas, Sanskrit
Āpastambagṛhyasūtra — Āpastamba, Sanskrit
Kauśikasūtra — Kauśika, Sanskrit
Bhāradvājagṛhyasūtra — Sanskrit
Vārāhagṛhyasūtra — Sanskrit
Pañcaviṃśabrāhmaṇa — Sanskrit
Aitareyabrāhmaṇa — Mahidāsa Aitareya, Sanskrit
Vīramitrodaya — Mitramiśra 1610, Sanskrit
Vyāsasmṛti — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Vedavyāsasmṛti — Sanskrit
Tibetan translation ('Chi med mdzod) — Classical Tibetan
Saṃvartasmṛti — Saṃvarta, Sanskrit
Taittirīyāraṇyaka — Sanskrit
Dakṣasmṛti — Dakṣa, Sanskrit
Āpastambasmṛti — Sanskrit
Atrismṛti (Atrisaṃhitā) — Atri, Sanskrit
Tantravārttika — Kumārila Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit
Kaṭhopaniṣad — Sanskrit
Ekāgnikāṇḍa — Sanskrit
Aitareyāraṇyaka — Sanskrit
Auśanasasmṛti — Uśanas (Śukra), Sanskrit
Jābālopaniṣad — Sanskrit
Bārhaspatyasūtra — Bṛhaspati, Sanskrit
Mahābhārata — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Raghuvaṃśa — Kālidāsa, Sanskrit
Yogayātrā — Varāhamihira, Sanskrit
Harivaṃśa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Brāhmaṇa — Sanskrit
Corpus Inscriptionum Indicarum
Devalasmṛti — Devala, Sanskrit
Viṣṇupurāṇa — Vyāsa, Sanskrit
Vālmīkirāmāyaṇa — Vālmīki, Sanskrit
Hāritadharmasūtra — Hārīta, Sanskrit
Navya Kammagantha — Devendrasūri, Māhārāṣṭrī Prakrit
Vṛddha Hārīta — Hārīta, Sanskrit
Yamasmṛti — Yama, Sanskrit
Kaṇvasmṛti — Kaṇva, Sanskrit
Gopathabrāhmaṇa — Sanskrit
Śuddhiprakāśa — Bhāskara 1695, Sanskrit
Śrāddhaprakāśa — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita, Sanskrit
Kṛtyakalpataru — Lakṣmīdhara Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit
Ṭoḍarānanda — Ṭoḍaramalla 1564, Sanskrit
Mānasollāsa (Abhilaṣitārthacintāmaṇi) — Someśvara III, Sanskrit
Bṛhannāradīyapurāṇa — Sanskrit
Vaijayantī — Yādavaprakāśa, Sanskrit
Caturvargacintāmaṇi — Hemādri, Sanskrit
Vivādaratnākara — Caṇḍeśvara, Sanskrit
Gṛhastharatnākara — Caṇḍeśvara, Sanskrit
Madanaratna — Madanasiṃha, Sanskrit
Pṛthvīcandra — Sanskrit
Śuddhikaumudī (Govindānanda Kavikaṅkaṇācārya) — Govindānanda Kavikaṅkaṇācārya 1510, Sanskrit
Smṛticandrikā (Āpadeva) — Āpadeva 1600, Sanskrit
Prayogaratna — Nārāyaṇabhaṭṭa 1540, Sanskrit
Nirṇayasindhu — Kamalākarabhaṭṭa 1612, Sanskrit
Kṛtyaratnākara (Caṇḍeśvara) — Caṇḍeśvara, Sanskrit
Dharmasindhu — Kāśīnātha Upādhyāya 1790, Sanskrit
Madanapārijāta — Viśveśvarabhaṭṭa, Sanskrit
Daṇḍaviveka — Vardhamāna Upādhyāya, Sanskrit
Tīrthacintāmaṇi — Vācaspatimiśra, Sanskrit
Tīrthaprakāśa — Mitramiśra, Sanskrit
Trikāṇḍamaṇḍana — Bhāskaramiśrasomayājin, Sanskrit
Tristhalīsetu (Nārāyaṇa) — Nārāyaṇa (Mahiṣamaṅgalam) 1513, Sanskrit
Dāyabhāga — Jīmūtavāhana, Sanskrit
Prāyaścittamayūkha — Nīlakaṇṭha Dīkṣita, Sanskrit
Smṛtimuktāphala — Vaidyanātha Dīkṣita 1575, Sanskrit
Smṛtyarthasāra — Śrīdhara (Smṛtyarthasāra), Sanskrit
Sāmavidhānabrāhmaṇa — Sanskrit
Nṛsiṃhaprasāda — Dalapatirāja 1511, Sanskrit
Śrāddhapradīpa (Rudradhara) — Rudradhara, Sanskrit
Prajāpatismṛti — Sanskrit
Tīrthenduśekhara — Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa 1670, Sanskrit
Tīrthasāra — Dalapatirāja, Sanskrit
Pitṛdayitā — Aniruddha Bhaṭṭa, Sanskrit
Prāyaścittenduśekhara (Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa) — Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa 1781, Sanskrit
Baudhāyanapitṛmedhasūtra — Baudhāyana, Sanskrit
Prāyaścittaviveka (Śūlapāṇi) — Śūlapāṇi, Sanskrit
Āśaucāṣṭaka — Vararuci, Sanskrit
Bṛhatparāśara — Suvrata, Sanskrit
Laghuhārīta smṛti — Hārīta, Sanskrit