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The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies v3.c19.s11: Hastāmalaka

The Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies v3.c19.s11

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Hastāmalaka

v3.c19.s11.1

1. Hacker, B6956, p. 33.
2. The following is an attempt at a metrical translation of the Hastāmalaka verses. It is to be noted that the inner sense organ (buddhi, manas, dhī) is designated by "sense (sg.)," "heart," etc.

v3.c19.s11.2

In verse 3, lines 2 and 3, and in verse 13, lines 1 and 2 have been rearranged. For the meter see Hacker's introduction (ibid., III.2). (E. Harzer).

v3.c19.s11.3

ābhāsa (appearance, reflection) 84-85, 120, 169, 173, 242, 264, 319, 339, 342. *See also* reflection model

v3.c19.s11.4

abhāva (negation, negative entity, absence) as a pramāṇa 97, 360, 380-81, 449, 553 in Buddhism 250, 261-62 in Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika 261, 305 in nihilism 291 mutual absence (anyonyābhāva) 378, 382, 385-86, 529 nonproductive 206, 367, 405, 449 not grasped by a pramāṇa 529 of things believed not to exist 376 perceptibility of 449-451 posterior absence (dhvaṃsābhāva) 206, 388, 453 prior absence (prāgabhāva) 66, 183, 305, 405, 425 -rūpa (negative property) 350

v3.c19.s11.5

abheda (nondifference) 147, 356, 381, 383-87, 397

v3.c19.s11.6

Abhidharma Buddhism 557

v3.c19.s11.7

abhihitānvayavāda 57, 59

v3.c19.s11.8

abhimāna (ego notion) 229, 329, 341, 369. *See also* ahaṃkāra

v3.c19.s11.9

Abhinavagupta 16, 118, 551, 563

v3.c19.s11.10

abhiniveśa. *See* attachment

v3.c19.s11.11

abhyāsa (practice, repetition) of knowledge (jñānābhyāsa) 323, 370, 372, 471. *See also* meditation two kinds of 325

v3.c19.s11.12

abhyudaya (heaven, higher ends of man) 255, 422, 581

v3.c19.s11.13

absence. *See* abhāva

v3.c19.s11.14

Acarya, Narayana Ram 120

v3.c19.s11.15

act, action (karman, kriyā) 66, 92-93 and knowledge (jñānakarmasamuccaya) 192, 229-30, 255, 257, 272, 278-81, 285, 288, 296-98, 325, 339, 363-69, 422-24, 428-29, 431-32, 441, 531, 534. *See also* jñānakarmasamuccaya agent and result, distinction between. *See* difference as signified by verb 57, 397 bodily (kāyika) 30, 297-98, 300, 515, 532 desireless (niṣkāma) 511 eligibility for. *See* adhikāra enjoined. *See* injunction expiatory (prāyaścitta) 30, 359, 407-8, 536 four kinds of results of 39-40, 427, 596 meditative. *See* meditation mental (mānasa) 30, 126, 139, 297-98, 515, 532 occasional (naimittika) 30, 44, 184, 430, 432 optional, desired (kāmya) 30, 44, 47, 184, 205, 207, 257, 306-7, 422-23, 430, 477, 518, 531, 533, 536 organs of (karmendriya) 22-23, 34, 170, 237, 311, 319, 330-32, 561

v3.c19.s11.16

prohibited, proscribed (niṣedha, pratiṣedha) 30, 40, 47, 127, 179, 184, 205, 207, 229, 258, 306, 357, 360, 363-65, 422-23, 432-33, 458, 530-31 purposeful. *See* arthakriyā regular daily (nitya) 36, 42-44, 47, 50, 176, 178-79, 182, 184-85, 195, 203-8, 229, 240, 272, 298-300, 306-7, 329, 370, 422-23, 430, 432, 457-58, 473, 483, 518, 530-31, 533-34, 536 ritual. *See* sacrifice role of in liberation 38-46, 194-95, 207-9, 242, 295-96, 306-7, 336, 421-34, 473, 532-33 sampratti (renunciatory) 476 section of scripture on. *See* karmakāṇḍa stems from desire 404, 458, 478, 502, 530 traces, residues. *See* karma vocal (vācika) 30, 54, 297-98, 515, 532

v3.c19.s11.17

activity. *See* pravṛtti

v3.c19.s11.18

adhikāra (eligibility, preparation) for action 207 for studying a text 339 for Vedic study. *See* scripture, entitlement to study four requirements for brahmajijñāsā or inquiry into Brahman 36-37, 122, 140, 218, 323, 326, 329, 331, 336, 339, 363, 421, 426-27, 429, 452, 586-87 -ka puruṣa (official of God) 458 two kinds of 342

v3.c19.s11.19

Āditya. *See* sun

v3.c19.s11.20

adṛṣṭa 171, 195, 233, 370, 532, 568. *See also* karma in Sāṃkhya 169 in Vaiśeṣika 157, 169

v3.c19.s11.21

Advaita Vedānta 5-19 relation to other systems 19-21

v3.c19.s11.22

Advaitapañcaratna (attributed to Śaṃkara) 19, 343-44

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advayananda 339

v3.c19.s11.24

āgama. *See* scripture

v3.c19.s11.25

Agamananda 608

v3.c19.s11.26

Āgamaśāstra (of Gauḍapāda). *See* Gauḍapādakārikās

v3.c19.s11.27

Āgamaśāstravivaraṇa. *See* Gauḍapādakārikābhāṣya (of Śaṃkara)

v3.c19.s11.28

Agase, K. S. 421

v3.c19.s11.29

agent (kartṛ) 65-66, 88, 122-23, 168-69, 206, 222, 264 difference from act and result. *See* act, agent, result, distinction between

v3.c19.s11.30

aggregation of elements as self 192, 198, 223-24, 557 in Sarvāstivāda 159-61, 557

v3.c19.s11.31

Agni 461, 487, 494, 561

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agni. *See* fire, digestive

v3.c19.s11.33

agnicayana. *See* fire, sacred

v3.c19.s11.34

Agnihotra, Agniṣṭoma (daily fire sacrifice) 44, 178, 184, 209, 229-30, 257-58, 278, 296-97, 464, 476, 584 agnosticism 7 agrayāna 113, 317 ahaṃkāra (ego sense, egoity) 20, 22, 60, 86-87, 126, 242-43, 299, 311, 326, 330, 332, 341, 484, 523, 538-40, 542, 545, 553-54, 561, 565, 572-74, 577, 599 -granthi 581 part of antaḥkaraṇa 553 three forms of 556 air (vāyu) 24, 27, 237, 287, 311, 318, 459, 481, 560, 574 aiśvarya (lordliness, divine power) 208, 388, 406-7, 417, 517, 581 Aitareya Brāhmaṇa 270 Aitareya Upaniṣad 28-29, 59, 270, 273-77 Aitareyopaniṣadbhāṣya (of Śaṃkara) 18, 27-28, 116, 270-77 Aiyar, A. Nataraj 608 Aiyar, K. A. Krishnaswami 21, 604 Aiyengar, T. G. K. 603 Ajātaśatru 477 ajātivāda (nonorigination, no-cause theory) 7, 21, 63-68, 72, 108-9, 111-13, 232, 296, 305, 313, 316, 480, 522, 599-600 ajīva in Jainism 163 ajñāna (nonknowledge, ignorance) 70, 78-79, 90, 240, 319, 329-30, 341, 413, 455, 531, 533, 539, 541, 543, 564. See also avidyā ākāṃkṣā (expectancy) 186, 364, 403, 438, 443, 522, 591 ākāra, ākṛti (form) 55-56, 139, 162 in Vijñānavāda 352 of Brahman 305-6, 480-83, 524 ākāśa 24, 27, 83, 98, 108-9, 129, 133-34, 140, 160, 165-66, 171, 185, 192, 202, 209, 212, 219, 237, 259, 286-87, 292, 311, 314, 462, 481, 490, 560, 574. See also pot-space as (color of the) sky 94, 120, 196, 222-23, 459, 478 mahā- (big-) 315 akāsmika (random) 364-65 akhaṇḍārtha (partlessness of sentence meaning) 57 akhyātivāda 566-68 akṣara (imperishable, the syllable om) 135-37, 140, 285-87, 348, 356, 358, 490-92, 562, 574. See also aum ālambana (supporting object) 94, 255-56, 312, 335, 356, 414, 567 ālātacakra or ālātaśānti (wheel of fire) 83-84, 110, 112, 315, 321, 357 ālayavijñāna 159, 162 Allahabad. See Prayaga Alston, Anthony J. 241, 530, 534-35, 548, 612 Amalnerkar, 608 Āmavāsya 475 anadhyavasāya (uncertainty) 553, 571 ānanda. See bliss Ānandagiri 11-12, 105, 117-18, 256, 296, 466 Ānandapūrṇa Vidyāsāgara 351, 359, 363, 409 Ānandavalli (=Brahmāvalli chapter of Taittirīya Upaniṣad) 524 anārambhavāda 581-84 Aṅgiras 285

v3.c19.s11.35.1

animal 25, 27, 121, 172 (re)births 259-60, 281 aniruddha 165 anirvacanīya 80, 115, 219, 330, 335, 565, 570 -khyātivāda 347 antaḥkaraṇa (internal organ) 22, 86, 196, 216, 330-31, 335, 341, 479, 546, 553, 555-56, 574, 576 antaryāmin (inner controller) 77, 134, 277, 455, 459, 490, 492 antinomianism 35-36, 40-41 anubhava (immediate awareness) 54, 92, 98, 123, 144, 320, 333, 351, 451, 539, 572, 583 Anugitā (Aśvamedhaparvan of Mahābhārata) 295 anupalabdhi 529, 541 -hetu 500 anusaṃdhāna (reflective consciousness, re-identification) 350, 381, 384, 397 anuśaya (karmic residual traces).

v3.c19.s11.35.2

See karma anuvāda (restatement) 348, 389, 436, 441, 443, 447, 464, 526, 528, 612 anvayavyatireka (positive and negative concomitance) 252, 401, 527, 538, 542 anvitābhidhānavāda 57-59, 443 anyathākhyātivāda 347, 567-68 apāna (inhalation) 274, 330 Aparārkadeva 604 Aparokṣānubhūti (attributed to Śaṃkara) 18, 320-23 Āpastambadharmaśūtra 423 apavāda 8, 174 apavārga 50-51, 194, 364 apoha (vāda) 55, 71, 250, 376, 521 apophasis 8 apratisaṃkhyānirodha 160 āpti (obtaining) 39-40, 196, 210, 427, 596 apūrva 31, 174, 313, 447 ārambhavāda 581-84 Āraṇya (one of the daśanāmas) 118 Āraṇyakas 3, 270 Aristotle 65 Arjuna 45, 295-96, 298, 300 Ārtabhāga 488 arthakriyā (purposeful action) 378-79, 386, 392-93 -kāritva (efficiency) 578 arthāpatti (presumption) 58, 97, 360, 366, 398, 405, 434, 521, 553, 583, 610 śrutārthāpatti 570-71 arthavāda (supplemental text, explanatory to injunction) 48, 51, 124, 175-76, 267, 275, 304, 366, 410, 422, 424, 436, 445, 466, 471 587, 596, 600 three kinds of 436 āsana (posture) 322 asat (nonbeing, nonexistence) 65, 75, 262, 395, 453, 511, 522. See also unreality; abhāva -kalpa 554 -kāraṇavāda 141, 161, 166, 261-62 -kāryavāda 7, 41, 144-46, 149-50, 156, 158, 511 ascertainment, certainty (nirṇaya, niścaya) 330, 341, 370-71, 386, 388, 482, 545, 553 ascetic (ism) 45, 209, 259, 272, 320 "wandering mendicant" 256-58 asiddha (a fallacy) 313 Asmarathya 10, 87, 135, 142 āspada (ground) 309, 328 āśrama (stage of life) 121, 323, 371-72, 506 duties of 37, 43.

v3.c19.s11.35.3

See also dharma, morality enjoined by scripture 177 four ideal stages of life 34-35, 44-45, 219, 476, 490 Śamkara's list of 45 āśrama (retreat, monastery) 118 Āśrama (one of the daśanāmas) 118 astrology (jyotiṣa) 285 asura (demon) 455-56 Atharva Veda 284-85, 289 atheism 7, 556-57 atīta (a Śaiva category) 553 Ātmabodha (attributed to Śamkara) 18, 116, 323-24 Ātmajñānopadeśa (attributed to Śamkara) 18, 326-28 ātmakhyātivāda 567-68 ātman (Self). See Brahman the word "atman" 463-64 Ātmanātmaviveka (attributed to Śamkara) 18, 328-31 Ātmapañcaka. See Advaitapañcaratna Ātmasaṭka. See Aitareya Upaniṣad Ātmatidyopadeśa See Ātmajñānopadeśa atom, atomic theory 123, 152, 156-58, 161, 163, 166, 202, 353, 552 double, See dvyaṇuka attachment (rāga) 30, 44, 234, 317, 329, 348-50, 363, 433 to life (abhiniveśa) 350, 365 Audulomi 10, 87, 142 aum (sacred syllable) 13, 89, 104, 107, 136, 174, 256, 310-12, 319, 356, 517, 520, 560, 562. See also akṣara avaccheda (limitation, differentiation) 351, 361, 404 mutual (anyonya-, paraspara-) 357 -vāda. See limitation model avasthā (state or stage) 88-91, 104, 106-7, 241, 275, 316-17, 328, 330-31, 333, 434, 459, 463, 478, 502, 508, 559. See also dream; sleep, deep; waking, turīya aversion (dveṣa) 229, 279, 304, 317 a kāraka 458, 478 avidyā (ignorance). See also ajñāna as causal body. See body, causal as God's power 337 as reflecting medium 77, 498, 504 as superimposition.

v3.c19.s11.35.4

See Superimposition beginningless, uncaused 70, 337, 352-53, 367, 468, 516, 546, 565 cannot be validly known 426, 523 cause of bondage, rebirth 6, 32, 195, 243, 269, 289, 336, 388, 503 cause of fear 457-58, 505 cause of God's qualities 148, 187, 332 cause of jīva 332, 574 cause of the world, of constructions, distinctions, change 50, 62, 67, 70, 76, 121, 125, 140, 146, 197, 221, 233, 235, 240, 269, 287, 299, 305, 382, 504, 522-23 coexists with vidyā 354 collective/distributive (samaṣṭi/vyaṣṭi) aspects of 340 covering (āvaraṇa, ācchādika) 71, 79, 86-87, 115, 182-83, 251, 279, 302, 324, 337, 360, 415, 474, 565, 611 definition of 458, 531 destroyed by vidyā alone 33, 38, 50, 69, 195, 221, 228-30, 323, 329, 424 different for each subtle body 505 in Buddhism 21, 159-60 latent in deep sleep 505 locus of 80, 86, 88, 303, 352-53, 382, 425, 468, 503-4, 516, 542, 611 merges into avyaktaprakṛti 238 motiveless 353, 367 occurrence of the word "avidyā" in scripture 78, 279, 354 ontological status of 20, 33, 80, 352, 381, 426 a Paurāṇika category 553 play (krīḍā, līlā) of 359 produced from tamas 302 productive of desires, pleasures 272, 280, 425 projective (vikṣepika) 71, 79, 87, 93-94, 115, 359-60, 377, 408, 415, 565, 569, 580, 611 relation to māyā 79-80 removal of.

v3.c19.s11.35.5

See liberation as removal of avidyā required for action 307-8, 366 root (mūla-) 79-80 secondary (tula-) 79-80 single (not many) 505 unrelated to Brahman 304, 458 usage of term in Śamkara 115, 294-95, 311, 598 -vāsanā (impressions of avidyā) 409 -vyavahāra 408 avyākṛta 458-59, 461, 512, 574 avyakia 140, 337, 340, 574 -prakṛti. See prakṛti awareness. See jñāna Ayur Veda 444. See also medicine ayutasiddha 158, 183

v3.c19.s11.36

Bādarāyaṇa 4, 10, 12, 26, 31, 119, 175, 564, 589 Bādari 135 Badrinath 16, 18, 104, 117-18 Bahṛcā Upaniṣad. See Aitareya Upaniṣad bāhyarthavāda 498 Baijnath 608 Bālabodhini. See Ātmajñānopadeśa Balasubramaniam, R. 205, 347, 521, 608, 610, 612 Banara 16, 117, 333 Banerjee, A. K. 608 Barnett, L. D. 607 begging 257, 519 beginningless (ness) 70, 113 series. See seed and sprout Belvalkar, Sripad Krishna 116, 308, 318, 320, 323-24, 326, 328, 331, 339, 343-44, 607-10 Bengal 18, 103-4 Bhagavadgītā 5, 11, 32, 45, 78, 118, 138, 178, 218, 266, 271-72, 294-308, 407-8

v3.c19.s11.37.1

*Bhagavadgītābhāṣya* (of Śaṃkara) 18, 29, 40, 45, 78, 96, 116, 294-308, 530 *Bhagavat*, H. R. 181, 205, 255, 278, 280-81, 284, 289, 295, 310, 328, 344 *Bhāgavata* 165 *bhakti* (devotion) 320, 336-37 *Bhāmatī* (commentary on Śaṃkara’s *Brahmasūtrabhāṣya* by Vācaspati Miśra) 17 *Bhāratī* (wife of Maṇḍana Miśra) 15-16, 117-18, 420 *Bhāratī* (one of the *daśanāmas*) 118 *Bhārātītīrtha* 344 *Bhartṛhari* 20, 54, 56, 59, 116, 118 *Bhartṛmitra* 12 *Bhartṛprapañca* 12, 40, 50-52, 87, 187, 193-94, 196, 201-2, 204, 461, 466-67, 470, 473-77, 481, 487, 490, 494, 502-3, 506-7, 512, 514, 520, 535 *Bhāskara* 11, 40, 118, 181, 217, 294 *Bhaṭṭa Mīmāṃsā* 15, 20, 57, 440, 499, 517, 553, 572, 580 *Bhattacharya*, Dinesh Chandra 347, 610 *Bhattacharya*, Umesh Chandra 88, 606 *Bhattacharya*, Vidhusekhara 64, 104-5, 603-4, 606-7 *bhāva* (state) 111, 367 (positive entity) 261, 449 -*rūpa* 115, 350 *Bhāvabhūti* 347 *bhāvanā* (continuous concentration) 417, 434, 441, 534, 548, 559 *bhāvanā* (latent impression) 357, 459, 488, 501, 505, 523 *Bhāvanāviveka* (of Maṇḍana Miśra) 346 *Bhāvaviveka* 12, 103 *bhaya*. See *fear* *bheda*. See *difference* *Bhedābhedavāda* 40-41, 43, 50-52, 87, 118, 181, 309, 381, 425-26, 443, 467, 477, 507, 514, 535, 610 *bhikṣu* (monk) 289, 317 *bhoga* (experience) 23, 29-31, 33-34, 108, 231, 266, 351. *See also* happiness, pain *bhoktṛ* (eater, lit. “eater”) 122-33, 134, 147, 1 458, 493, 506, 539 *Bhṛgu* 524 *Bhṛguvalli* (chapter of *Taittirīya Upaniṣad*) 205 *bhūta*.

v3.c19.s11.37.2

See *element* *bindu* (a Śaiva category) 553, 556 *birds*, two, symbolizing two selves 136, 287-88 *birth* (*jāti*) 26-30, 32, 34, 202 physiology of 523 “three births” of *Aitareya Upaniṣad* 28-29, 276-77 *blind leading blind*, analogy of 128 *blind man carrying lame man on his back*, analogy of 154 *bliss* (*ānanda*) *ānandamayakośa* 91, 131-32, 212-13, 215, 331, 337-38, 340, 524 and *prājña* 106 definition of 349 in liberation, Self-knowledge 343, 388, 404 of Brahman 7, 76, 115, 131-32, 136, 197-98, 205, 269, 285, 324, 337, 342, 348-51, 365, 367, 407, 419, 452, 492-93 of deep sleep. *See suṣupti* relation to love 351 relation to pleasure, happiness 76, 197-98, 342, 348-50, 365, 429, 451-52 result of knowledge and action 213 the term “*ānanda*” 295 *blood* 26-27, 219, 331, 494, 523 *Bodhāyana* 11 *body* (*śarīra*) 121, 227, 306 as cause of the world 67, 78, 81-88, 123-24, 130, 133, 139, 141-44, 147, 151, 153, 170, 214, 219, 287, 292, 397, 406, 459, 480, 485, 522, 599 as reflecting medium 498 bodily act.

v3.c19.s11.37.3

*See act, bodily* causal 319, 324, 330, 331, 335, 337, 340, 494 dead 495 dream 495, 501 equilibrium of 322 formation of the 523 not the self 122, 175, 218-19, 222-23, 326, 336, 458, 495-96, 556-57 physical or gross (*sthūla*) 20, 22, 24, 83, 140, 319, 321, 323-24, 330-331, 335, 336, 341, 473-74, 481, 487, 494 subtle (*sūkṣmaśarīra, liṅga*) 24-25, 27-29, 277, 287, 319, 321, 324, 330-331, 335-336, 341, 473-74, 480-82, 487, 494, 501, 503-5, 508-9, 561 watery 26-27 *bondage* 6, 22, 32, 239, 336-37 *See also saṃsāra* *Brahmā* 87-88, 235, 247, 320, 324, 363, 457, 459, 461, 530, 540-41, 580 *brahmacārya* 34, 36, 118, 208, 289, 299, 329, 370, 490, 518 lifelong 45, 256, 259 *Brahmadatta* 12, 363, 534 *Brahmaloka* 26-27, 137, 175, 179-80, 268-69, 281, 289, 329, 406, 476, 483, 507, 509, 519, 533 path to the. *See path, devayāna* *Brahman* (ultimate world principle, Highest Self) and its states, relation to. *See bhāva* as inner ruler. *See antaryāmin* as pure consciousness 6-7, 20, 54, 75-76, 92, 188, 225-27, 233-34, 321, 504, 506, 514, 539, 542 as source of scripture 124, 485, 488 as support of world 136-37 as witness, seer. *See sākṣin, dṛk* as word (*śabdabrahman*) 139, 356 =Atman 7, 61, 124, 132, 172, 188, 215, 232, 328, 338, 478, 480, 510, 528. *See also tattvamasi* *Bhedābheda* view of 193, 204 *bliss of*. *See bliss of Brahman* can it be an object of awareness?

v3.c19.s11.37.4

76, 94, 110, 120, 122-23, 125-27, 145, 188, 210-11, 226, 232, 237, 275, 283, 328, 360, 409, 417-18, 452, 479, 496, 514-15, 525, 538, 540, 545, 572, 587. *See also Self-knowledge* can it be referred to or spoken about?

v3.c19.s11.38

55, 59-61, 74, 125, 193, 242, 282, 327, 360, 369, 392, 417-18, 434, 459, 525-27. *See also neti neti* definition *per accidens* (*taṭasthalakṣaṇa*) of 75, 205, 555, 592 disembodied 128 does It have efforts or desires? 132, 187, 213, 353, 425, 462 essential definition (*svarūpalakṣaṇa*) of 75, 205, 208-11, 330, 514, 555, 590 eternal, omnipresent 122, 137, 232, 327, 333, 342, 351, 372, 379, 424, 493, 519, 522, 590, 600 the (only) existent, "one without a second" 7, 21, 75, 213, 263, 317, 338, 448 "fixed in Brahman" (*brahmasamstha*) 256-57, 286 form of. *See ākāra* of Brahman full (*pūrṇa*) 76, 78, 126, 269, 322, 421, 465-67, 517, 520 has absolute freedom, independence 524, 554 higher Brahman (*para, nirguṇa*) 26, 74-75, 77, 80-81, 107, 131, 137, 141, 173, 175, 187, 232-33, 277, 295, 465-466, 515, 527, 539, 581. *See also sākṣin* how proved? 280, 348, 360, 396, 409, 417-18, 425, 434, 442, 451-52, 458, 466, 469, 478, 488, 531, 536, 545, 582, 587-89 identical with liberation. *See liberation* inquiry into (*brahmajijñāsā*) 121-23, 343, 517-18, 581, 584-89. *See also adhikāra* interior (*pratyagātman*) 120, 196, 311, 324, 340 relation to *jīva* 10, 28, 37, 41, 60-61, 73, 86-87, 132, 134, 136, 142, 159-61, 172, 174, 188-91, 193, 196, 219-20, 236, 315, 334, 406, 428, 461, 466, 483-84, 488, 505, 512, 517, 535, 555, 587, 599. knowledge of. *See Self-knowledge* lovability of 466, 484 lower (*apara, saguṇa*) 24, 26, 31, 50-51, 74, 77-78, 107, 137, 141, 175, 179-80, 186-87, 267, 272, 277, 281, 296, 407, 467, 515, 520, 539, 560. *See also god* neither existent nor nonexistent 304, 554 nondifferentiated, unmodified, partless 53, 148, 152, 168, 191-93, 197-98, 204, 213-14, 227, 237, 255, 311, 354, 358 nondifferent from, not dependent on nimittas 213-14, 354 nondifferent from world 259, 280, 406-7, 455, 478 nonagent 52, 126, 128, 167, 211, 227, 278, 292-93, 297, 299, 305, 308, 327, 422-25, 477, 502, 505, 517 not a product 49, 110, 122, 166, 196, 283, 372, 427, 468, 518, 522, 582 not subject to *duḥkha* or *saṃsāra* 6, 185, 196-27, 213, 231, 239, 244, 269-70, 293, 359, 423, 425, 489, 517 not a *śeṣa* 127, 231-32

v3.c19.s11.39

not *prakṛti* 130-36 not attained (*aprāpta*) 405-6, 525 omnipotent 122-23: 149, 407, 517 omniscient 110, 122-24, 129, 149, 232, 269, 468, 590 pure 122, 126, 145 *sarvātman* ("all-Self") 269, 359 self-luminous, self-evident 76, 138, 267, 290, 314, 342, 434, 436, 445, 453, 458, 482, 495, 506, 515, 520, 527, 531, 536, 540 size of 135, 137-38, 167, 231, 425 states (*avasthā*) of. *See avasthā* unchangeable (*kūṭastha*) 137, 227, 231, 287, 297, 302, 359, 479, 505-6, 517, 522, 540, 590, 599 union with 131-32, 174, 179, 187, 202, 268, 485-86 a universal 373-74, 418, 485 *brāhmaṇa* (Vedic directions for sacrifice) 3, 46, 485 *brāhmaṇa* (priestly caste). *See Brahmin* *Brahmanandin* 12, 18 *Brahmasiddhi* (of Maṇḍana Miśra) 15, 17, 19, 56, 58-59, 347-419 (*aham*) *brahmāsmi* (a *mahāvākya*) 232, 247, 319, 335, 470, 525, 528-30, 534, 538-39, 542 *Brahmasūtras* (of Bādarāyaṇa) 4-5, 9-11, 25, 75, 77, 87, 118-180, 294, 372, 550, 562, 588 attributed to Jaimini 537 *Brahmasūtrabhāṣya* (of Śaṃkara) 11, 15, 17-19, 23, 24-27, 31, 45, 51, 65, 69, 72, 74, 84-85, 89, 94-95, 115-16, 119-81, 217, 294, 308-9, 341, 564 *Brahmasūtrabhāṣyaṭīkā* (of Padmapāda) 563 *Brahmasūtravṛtti* (of Upavarṣa) 11, 18 *Brahmasūtravṛttivārttika* (of Sundara Pāṇḍya) 12, 18 *Brahmavalli* (chapter of *Taittirīya Upaniṣad*) 205, 521-30 Brahmin (*brāhmaṇa*) 30, 187, 192, 286, 299, 431, 467-68, 472-73, 489, 491, 518, 534, 588 killing a Brahmin, 423, 506 a true Brahmin 490 breath. *See prāṇa* *Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad* 25, 59, 75, 87-88, 107, 109, 124, 133-34, 136, 141, 144-45, 174, 177, 230, 254, 279, 290, 297, 348, 350, 363, 366-67, 370, 372, 418, 430, 453, 536, 582, 595, 600 *Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣya* (of Śaṃkara) 15, 18, 25, 48, 76, 95, 116, 180-204, 294, 436, 453, 461, 464-66, 480, 488, 495, 520, 543 *Bṛhadāraṇyakopaniṣadbhāṣyavārttika* (of Sureśvara) 17, 19, 72, 180, 420-520, 530 *Bṛhaspati* 491, 561 (Gautama) Buddha 163, 317, 391, 396, 459, 553 buddha (enlightened person) 110-12, 114 used ironically 316 buddhi 22 activity of 225, 244, 341, 346, 544 and reasoning 280 and the sense organs 236-37, 479 as the discriminator of *jīva* from *ātman* 232, 234 as "heart" 199, 212, 497, 509, 613 as prototype in reflection analogy 86, 246, 251 as reflecting medium 20, 85, 199, 241, 245-46, 248, 264, 305-6, 324, 327, 498, 555-56, 577 as *upādhi* of *sākṣin* 246, 251 errors or constructions of 231-32, 239-40, 263-64, 376 immobile 237 in Buddhism 238 in the "cave" of the *Kaṭha Upaniṣad* 134 in deep sleep. *See suṣupti* inert 232, 244 its order of creation 332 locus of desires and impressions 291, 229, 236, 462, 478 locus of merit 525, 556 = *mahat* 149, 143, 145, 293, 314, 353 material for 523 not the Self 199, 326-27, 334, 556-57 part of *antaḥkaraṇa* 330, 341, 553 part of subtle body 311, 319, 324, 330 part of *vijñānamayakośa* 331, 337, 341 = *prāṇa* 486, 497 product of karma 477 ruled by Bṛhaspati 561 role in dream production 478 size of 167 *vṛttis* of 497 Buddhism, Buddhists 8, 13, 19-21, 55, 64-65, 71, 79, 83-84, 93, 95, 105, 118, 150, 159-163, 181, 200, 243, 245, 305, 309, 356, 372, 376, 378, 385, 393, 405, 414, 434, 458, 498, 512, 545, 548, 550, 577. *See also* Abhidharma, Mādhyamika, Vijñānavāda, Yogācāra crypto-Buddhism 13 Budhakar, G. V. 604, 608

v3.c19.s11.40

Caṇḍālas 260, 506, 540 Cārvāka (or Lokāyata, a materialist) 8, 19, 22, 122, 175, 181, 198, 244, 246, 291, 359, 503, 553, 556, 589. *See also* *dehātmavāda* caste. *See varṇa* *catuṣkoṭi* 113 cause, causality 7, 62-67, 113, 379-80, 463, 499 and effect, distinction between 41, 144-46, 149-50, 156. *See also* *satkāryavāda*, *asatkāryavāda*, *pariṇāma*, *vivarta*, etc. inherence cause. *See samavāyikāraṇa* instrumental cause. *See nimittakāraṇa* material cause. *See upādāna* nonorigination, no-cause theory. *See ajātivāda* Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika analysis into three sorts 165, 305, 454, 552 Chakravarti, S. C. 605 *chanda* (meter, prosody) 133, 285 *Chāndogya Upaniṣad* 12, 25, 59, 88, 130-37, 141, 147, 165-66, 168, 171, 174, 176-77, 207, 230, 254-55, 259, 261, 263-67, 269-70, 287, 351, 358, 366-67, 408, 417, 429-30, 459, 478, 484-85, 512, 522, 571, 581, 595, 600 *Chāndogyopaniṣadbhāṣya* (of Śaṃkara) 15, 18, 17, 66, 85, 104, 116, 254-269 *Chāndogyopaniṣadvākya* (of Brahmanandin) 12, 18 *Chāndogyopaniṣadvākyabhāṣya* (of Draviḍācārya) 12, 18 change 62-67, 590. *See also pariṇāma*, *vivarta* illusion of persistence through change. *See also ālātacakra* 454 charity (*dāna*) 256, 259 520 Chatterjee, Mohini M. 328 *chāyā* (shadow) 243, 556
- *mātra* (mere appearance) 408 Chintamani, T. R. 603 Christianity 37 Cidambaram 14, 17, 19, 117 Cidvilāsa 117 *citta* (individual consciousness) 82, 85, 106, 108, 111, 159, 234, 240, 311, 322, 330, 332, 341, 561 in Vijñānavāda 316 not conscious(ness) 246 part of *antaḥkaraṇa* 533
- *vṛtti* 324
- *vṛttinirodha* 471 color 264-65, 268, 291, 353, 560 conditions for seeing 458, 509 variegated (*citrarūpa*) 382 commentary 4-5 comparison (*upamāna*) 97, 286, 360, 553 concentration. *See samādhi* conceptualism 55 Conio, Caterina 64, 606-7 Conjeeveram. *See Kanchi* consciousness (*cit*, *caitanya*, *saṃvit*) analogous to light 224. *See also jñāna*, *vijñāna*, *citta*; *prakāśa* and bliss, relation between 76, 493 and superimposition. *See superimposition* as the power of speech 54 between births 27-29 *cidābhāsa* 344, 477, 505 *cinmātra* 293 *cidātman* 494, 551, 562, 599 *citśakti* 599 eternal 93, 167, 188, 225-26, 276, 284, 291 immediate. *See anubhava* in Buddhism 21, 199, 498-500 in deep sleep. *See suṣupti* not an act 92 not dependent on another 224 of the *jīva*. *See jñāna* pure 21, 92, 154, 248, 445, 498. *See also* Brahman as pure consciousness; *jñāna*, *nirvikalpa* 21 reflective. *See anusamdhāna* self-revealing, self-evident. *See svaprakāśa* contact. *See saṃyoga* contradiction 8, 378 self-contradiction 382 counterpositive (of an absence [*pratiyogin*]) 66, 377, 500, 606 creation 81-88, 106, 150-51, 185, 214-15, 325, 332, 341, 352-53. *See also* Brahman as cause; God as efficient cause apparent creation (*kalpayati*) 107 creation of universe by each individual's acts 475 myths of creation 87-88, 273-75, 455-61, 560

v3.c19.s11.41

*dahāra* 137-38 *Dakṣiṇāmūrtimānasollāsa* (attributed to Sureśvara). *See Mānasollāsa* *Dakṣiṇāmūrtistotra* (attributed to Śaṃkara) 18, 317-18, 420, 555, 557 Das, A. C. 605 *dama* (detachment, restraint of organs) 36, 122, 272, 329, 336, 515, 520 Daśanāmins 16, 118 Daśaratha 247 *Daśaśloki* (attributed to Śaṃkara) 18, 333-34 Dasgupta, Surendra Nath 116 Datta, Dhirendra Mohan 605 death 22-24, 29, 33, 179, 182, 193-94, 202, 266, 453, 455, 474, 487-89, 497, 501 as a god 561 death of death 487 debts, three, to the gods 273, 363, 371, 434, 470-71, 473-74 *dehātmavāda* 495-96, 503 demerit (*adharma*) 31-32, 36, 44, 108, 128, 132, 206, 218, 228-29, 233, 258, 295-96, 299, 422, 458, 510, 534 dependence 113, 149, 238 dependent nature (*paratantra*) 68, 111 mutual dependence (*anyonyāśraya*) 28, 240, 248-49, 352, 380, 578, 593 desire (*kāma*) 23-24, 34, 44, 49, 53, 201, 205-6, 226, 229, 235, 271-72, 280, 287, 304, 314-15, 349, 365-66, 429, 431, 435-36, 474, 479, 482, 502, 511-12, 561 for liberation (*mumukṣutva*). *See liberation, desire for* a *kāraka*. *See act, stems from desire* threefold (for sons, wealth, worlds) 278, 317, 489-90 De Smet, R. V. 308, 609 destruction (*nāśa, vināśa*) 506, 522 determinism and free will 29-31 Deussen, Paul 65, 78, 604, 606 *deva*. *See gods* *devadatta* (yawning) 330 *devaloka* (world of the gods) 476 attained by meditation 181, 279 path of the. *See path, northern* Devanandan, P. D. 78, 606 Devaraja, N. K. 604 *dhanañjaya* (digestion) 330. *See also fire, digestive* *dhāraṇa* (attention) 322, 330, 333 *dharma* (duty, morality) 108, 121-23, 143-45, 176, 320, 391, 417, 427, 472, 584-85 *varṇāśramadharma* 176, 320 *svadharma* 256, 305, 320 *dharma* (in Buddhist sense of "entity") 111, 237, 350 *dharma* (property) 111, 350

v3.c19.s11.42

Dharmakirti 115-16, 346 Dharmapāla 103 *dhyāna* (contemplation) 322, 333. *See also upāsanā* dialectic 8 difference (*bheda*) 6, 7, 34, 40-42, 50, 62, 68, 70, 114, 254-55, 257-58, 318, 353-54, 361, 373, 385-87, 409, 418, 527, 529, 559, 564 Arguments against the reality of difference 71-73, 109, 147-49, 358, 376-84, 449-51, 507 as separateness. *See pṛthaktva* between agent, act, and result 41, 220-21 between cause and effect. *See cause* liberation as destruction of. *See liberation* nondifference. *See abheda* Dignāga's school of Buddhism 55. *See also Vijñānavāda, Yogācāra* *dik* (spatial direction) an effect? 166 *dikviparyāsa* (dizziness) 321, 379, 412, 460 discrimination (*viveka*) awareness of (*vivekajñāna*) 406 of eternal from noneternal 122, 320 divinities. *See gods* dizziness. *See dikviparyāsa* *doṣa*. *See fault* doubt (*saṃśaya*) 330, 394, 400, 411, 460, 482, 553 Draviḍācārya 12, 18, 191 dream (*svapna*) 13, 21, 24-26, 63, 72, 85, 89-91, 106-9, 146, 172, 199-202, 225, 228, 233-35, 240, 248, 252, 257, 265, 268, 286, 289, 298, 319, 321, 325-27, 338, 413, 460, 478-79, 484, 502, 504, 551, 556, 561-62, 568-69 as result of karma 90, 201, 234, 276, 290, 311-13, 318, 501, 505 analogy of 148, 152, 161, 321, 323, 499 three states of 502 *Dṛgdrśyaviveka*. *See Vākyasudhā* *dṛk, dṛṣṭi* (vision) 369-70, 444 *dṛksthiti* (fixed vision) 322 *dṛkśakti* (power of vision) 351 *dṛṣṭisṛṣṭi* 326 *mithyādṛṣṭi* (false vision) 369 *tattvadṛṣṭi* (vision of reality) 541 two kinds of 188, 196 duality. *See difference* *duḥkha* (frustration) 110, 113, 128, 155, 168, 269, 285, 328, 331, 337, 348-49, 462. *See also pain* Durgasaptati (of Gauḍapāda?) 104 *dvaitavāda* (doctrine of duality) 264 *Dvaita* (Vedānta) 9, 14 Dwivedi, Manilal N. 310, 328 *dyaṇuka* (double atom) 305 Dwarka 16, 18, 118

v3.c19.s11.43

earrings, loss of, analogy of 128 earrings, disappearance of when known to be gold 321 earth (*pṛthivī*) 22, 24, 27, 88, 236, 287, 311, 318, 560 eating not a *nityakarman* 185 eclipse 318 effort (*yatna, prayatna*) 39, 226, 228, 439, 569 dependence of *dharma* on 123 necessity of it for liberation 209 ego, “I” 21, 121, 230, 251. *See also ahaṃkāra, abhimāna* elements 108, 166, 171, 193, 201, 264, 332, 321, 458, 510, 556. *See also earth, air, fire, water, ākāśa* gross (*bhūta, mahābhūta*) 24, 219, 318, 560 subtle. *See tanmātra* empty terms 211. *See also hare's horn* envy 337 Epics 25. *See also Mahābhārata, Rāmāyaṇa* epistemology. *See knowledge, theory of* error (*viparyāya, viparyāsa, bhrānti*) 7, 39, 42, 67, 79, 91, 120-21, 128, 178, 183, 189, 316, 367-68, 370, 385, 400, 409, 454, 460, 532. *See also avidyā, ajñāna* theories of error (*khyātivāda*) 20, 69-71, 93-94, 347, 411-15, 539, 553, 558. *See also akhyāti-, ātma-, asat-, anyathā-, and anirvacanīya-khyātivāda* excretion, organs of 22 exegesis of scripture (*mīmāṃsā*) 4-5, 46-53, 72, 585, 588 six principles of 430-31 external world, object (*bāyārtha*) 306. *See also bāyārthavāda* existence of 161-62, 199-201 awareness of 311 eye 311. *See also visual organ*

v3.c19.s11.44

Faddegon, Barend 608 fainting 173, 321 faith. *See śraddhā* fatalism 29-30 fatigue 265 fault (*doṣa*) 228, 241 in the knower 38 in the (sense) organs 414, 456, 566 fear (*bhaya*) 128, 216, 231, 359, 456-58, 581 -lessness (*abhaya*) 228, 494, 519, 530 of doing evil 258 figurative language, figure of speech. *See meaning, figurative; metaphor* fire, light (*tejas*) 24, 88, 292-93, 237, 263-66, 318, 379, 650. *See also Agni, prakasa* digestive 135, 556. *See also agni* five fires 259 sacred fire 229, 242, 258-59, 299, 311 sparks from a fire, analogy of 84, 191, 311, 485 wheel of fire. *See ālātacakra* food (*anna*) 26, 28, 88, 171-72, 176, 185, 263-65, 480, 494, 518, 523-24 foodstuffs in sacrifice 475 matter as food for the gods 274 sheath of (*annamaya-kośa*) 91, 215, 331, 341, 524 three kinds of 475 forbearance. *See Yama* forest-dwelling (*vanaprastha*) 34, 36, 286, 289 fowler's son, analogy of 191

v3.c19.s11.45

Frauwallner, Erich 346, 610 free will 29-31, 168 and determinism. *See determinism and free will* frustration. *See duḥkha*

v3.c19.s11.46

Gadgil, V. A. 607 Gambhirananda 205, 278, 280-81, 284, 289 Gandhāra, mean reaching, analogy of 230, 266 Gandharvas, city of the 286, 321, 510 Ganeśa 339 Gaṅgā, Ganges 117 Gārgi 423, 490-91 Gārgya 477 Gauḍa 13 Gauḍapāda 12-14, 18, 20, 33, 45, 63-70, 72, 79, 83-84, 87, 89, 91, 103-14, 116-18, 309, 335, 479, 600 Gauḍapādakārikās 12-14, 18, 81, 89, 103-14, 550-51 Gauḍapādakārikābhāṣya (of Śaṃkara) 18, 82, 103-4, 116, 118, 308-17 Gautama, author of *Nyāyasūtras* 187 Gautamadharmasūtras 371 gavaya 354 Gayatri 520 gestation of foetus in mother's womb 27-28 Ghate, V. S. 608 ghost (*preta*) in an empty place, analogy of 321 -ly state 281 Giri. *See Toṭaka* Giri (one of the *daśanāmas*) 118 Giri, Maheśānanda 551 God (*Īśvara*). *See also Viṣṇu, Śiva, etc.* abode of subtle body 140 as cause of difference 77-78, 132, 554 as creator of *jīvas* 82, 87, 123, 164-65 as creator of *dharma* or universal order 295 as creator of scripture 164, 340 as “death” 453 as (non)different from *jīvas* 130, 133, 164, 168, 187, 276, 303, 332, 558, 574 as efficient cause of the world 77, 81-89, 123, 163-65, 172, 273-75, 340, 480, 554 as establisher of meanings of words 56, 448 as manipulator of karmic developments 31, 68, 70, 77, 123, 153, 164, 168, 174, 189, 213, 299, 311, 317-18, 455, 468, 488 as material cause of the world 77, 84, 163-65, 340 as obstructor of endeavors 470 as *saguṇa* Brahman. *See Brahman, lower* as Witness. *See sākṣin* the *devatā* of darkness 561 devotion to, faith in 295, 323, 531 does He have desires? 77, 106, 113, 164, 168 embodied? 132, 301-2 free from sin 132, 152-53, 164 168 God's play (*līlā*, *krīḍā*) 77-78, 106, 152, 359 grace of 168, 209, 336, 551 *Īśvaratva* 318, 553. *See also aiśvarya* meditation on, worship of. *See upāsanā* omnipotent 77, 87, 123, 148, 340, 470 omnipresent 137, 164, 340 omniscient 77, 87, 113, 123, 148, 152, 164, 183, 301, 311, 332, 340, 349 = *prājña*. *See prājña* proofs of the existence of God 123-24, 590 qualified by *avidyā*, *māyā*, *upādhis*? 88, 148-49, 287, 332, 340, 461, 551-52, 554 reflected in *avidyā* 455, 552 śaktis of 337, 552-53, 555, 590 the term "*Īśvara*" 115, 295 thirty-six *mūrtis* of 559 gods (*deva*) 25-26, 108, 138-40, 188-89, 235, 270, 274, 289, 295, 427, 455-56, 461, 472, 481, 488, 492, 494, 504, 510, 553 Presiding (*adhipati*) 330, 341 their bodies 138-39 way of the gods. *See path, northern* world of the gods. *See devaloka* Govindānanda 11 Govinda Bhagavatpāda 14, 16, 117, 335, 339 grammar 244 arguments from 48 the science of (*vyākaraṇa*) 285 Grammarians (Vaiyākaraṇas) 20 *grāhyagrāhaka* (grasper and grasped) 199, 201 grasping, organ of 22 Guha, A. 603 *guṇa* 329, 337, 350, 482, 488, 538, 599 *guṇatva* 390, 393 in Sāmkhya 108, 128-29, 152, 155, 238, 466, 552, 598 in Vaiśeṣika 239, 315, 355, 382, 552 *viśeṣaguṇa* 358 *guru* (teacher, guide) 8, 37-38, 117, 272, 317, 325, 531, 559, 599 grace of 336, 469 as one with God 340 *guruparamparā* (teacher lineage) 420

v3.c19.s11.47

Hacker, Paul 115-16, 118-19, 204, 217, 294, 308-10, 320, 323-25, 328, 335, 598, 600, 607-19, 613 happiness 26, 29. *See also pleasure* hare's horn 161, 305, 454 Harzer, Edeltraud 598, 601-2 Hastāmalaka 16, 18-19, 601 Hastāmalakastotra 18-19, 601 *hāṭhayoga* 323, 560 "heart" (*hṛdaya*) 24, 133-34, 479, 494, 497, 512, 604 heat 236, 241 heaven (*svarga*) 8, 25-27, 30, 32-33, 38, 47, 49-50, 171, 194-95, 229, 256, 258-59, 273, 281, 296, 421, 423, 429-30, 432-33, 439, 440, 445-47, 513, 529, 588-89

v3.c19.s11.48

hell 25-27, 171, 260, 281, 349. *See also Saṃyamanam* *hetu* or *liṅga* in inference 392, 500 Himālaya 16 Hinduism 3, 5, 34, 37, 44 Hiranyagarbha 27, 50, 87, 179, 182, 185, 259, 277-79, 281, 307, 319, 341, 455-56, 461, 473-74, 476, 481, 487, 489, 494, 514-15, 562 Hiriyanna, Mysore 50, 347, 530, 534, 603, 605, 608, 610, 612 householdership (*gṛhasthya*) 34, 36, 45, 208-9, 256-59, 272, 289, 298, 301, 329, 371-72, 474, 518 humility 337 hunger and thirst 258, 270, 274, 489 hymn (*stotra*) 317

v3.c19.s11.49

*icchā* (desire, wishing) 349 identity (*tādātmya*, *ekatva*) 150, 174, 194, 381 identity and difference 62-73, 147-48 identity statements. *See tattvamasi* of *ātman* and Brahman. *See Brahman, tattvamasi* of *jīva* and *ātman*. *See Brahman, relation to jīva* of positive with negative 449 of Witness and ego 245 ignorance 7-8, 65, 73, 78. *See also avidyā*, *ajñāna* illusion. *See error* Indo-European languages 3 Indra 88, 133, 138, 235, 274, 461, 472, 493, 518, 561 thunderbolt of. *See Vajra* inference (*anumāna*) 97, 99, 123, 142, 241, 275, 286, 354, 357, 360, 381, 389-92, 399-400, 434, 499-500, 528, 540, 553, 571, 579 critique of 496-97 *parīseṣanumāna* 590 infinite regress (*anavasthā*) 157, 200, 226-27, 239, 292, 350, 386, 388, 394, 438, 498, 522, 529, 541 Ingalls, Daniel H.H. 80, 116, 118, 180-81, 294, 308, 320, 335, 604, 606-10 inherence. *See samavāya* injunction (*vidhi*, *codanā*) 357. *See also niyoga*, *liṅ*, *karmakāṇḍa*, act all scripture dominated by injunctive mood. *See karmakāṇḍa*, *jñānakāṇḍa* as *pramāṇa*. *See scripture, validity of* cannot provide Self-knowledge 526 exclusive (*parisaṃkhyāvidhi*) 365, 433, 464, 517, 536, 611 four purposes or results of. *See acts, four kinds of results of* injunction to know Brahman 364-66, 487-91, 409-10, 414-17, 441-42, 484, 525, 530, 535-36, 581-83, 594-95, 600, 612 injunction to know the truth (*pratipattividhi*) 403 injunction to meditate on Brahman 51-52, 465, 530 negative injunction proscription. *See* act, prohibited of eligibility (adhikāraviddhi) 403, 443-44 of or in the Vedas. See scripture, Vedas originative injunction (utpattividhi) 403, 443-44 possibility of 168-69 primary or initial (apūrvavidhi) 58, 185-86, 433, 464, 536 restrictive injunction (niyamavidhi) 18, 365, 433, 464-65, 517, 536, 611 to a Self-knower 43-44, 168-69, 184, 255, 271-72 source of force of 452 what can be enjoined 123, 126-27, 173, 195, 271, 388-91, 402-5, 432, 434, 437, 611 innocence 317 insects 25 rebirth as 260, 281 intention (tātparya) awareness 22 of speaker 58, 437 internal organ 23-24, 87, 90, 121, 123, 170, 202, 228, 235, 254, 265, 277, 282, 284, 459, 462, 482, 505, 533, 540, 599. See also buddhi, manas, antaḥkaraṇa as effect 166 as self 122, 599 in Vaisesika 169-70 invariable concomitance (avyabhicāra, avinābhāva, vyāpti) 414, 496, 500. See also anvayavyatireka Īśā Upaniṣad 270, 278-79, 284, 354, 474 Īśopaniṣadbhāṣya (of Śaṃkara) 18, 278-80 īśvara. See God itihāsa 485 itikartavyatā or itthambhava (modus operandi) 404-5, 428, 439 Iyer, K. S. 23, 604-5, 609 Iyer, R. Krishnaswami 598

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Jābāla Upaniṣad 135, 371, 434 Jacob, G. A. 217, 530, 605, 608, 612 Jacobi, Hermann 308, 603 jaḍa (inert) 108, 115, 331, 358, 459, 551, 565 Jagadananda 217, 326, 334 Jaimini 4, 31, 135, 175, 179, 422, 428, 512, 531, 537, 581, 584, 596-97 Jainism 8, 19, 71, 163, 333, 381, 509 Digambaras 316, 384 Janaka 296, 493-95, 497, 508, 513, 519 japa (repeated recitation) 374, 388, 481 jarā (old age) 489 jāti (genus, class-characteristic) 55-56, 351, 393-94, 418, 477. See also universal. jāti. See birth jaundice, illusion produced by 321, 411, 460 Jayanta Bhaṭṭa 11 jealousy 337 Jha, Ganganatha 255, 604 jīva (ātman, individual self) as agent. See agent as constructor of dream objects 89-90 501, 504 as "death" 455 as experiencer. See bhoktṛ as kṣetrajña 287, 523 as transmigrator 24-25, 27, 29, 140, 151, 179, 276-77, 424, 478, 501-2, 508-11, 523. See also karma as vijñānamayakośa, s.v. beginningless 352 defined 109, 332 embodied in plants 172 how created? 82-83, 87, 108-9, 340, 480 in Jainism 163 in sleep. See sleep locus of avidyā? 80, 352, 468 misinterpretations of 108 perceptible 366 proof of 275 a reflection. See reflection relation to Brahman. See Brahman, relation to jīva relation to God. See God relation to its body 169-70, 287, 326, 487, 504, 510 relation to Witness. See sākṣin relation to world 81, 151, 171, 214, 264, 551 subject of Self-knowledge 576 untrue 264, 418 jīvanmukti (liberation while living) 34-35, 43, 202, 324-25, 335-36, 342-43, 352, 408, 416, 494, 559, 612 jñāna (awareness, cognition) 24, 62, 75, 111-12, 373, 415-16, 569, 612 and action. See act and knowledge false (mithyā-). See error momentary 352, 355, 405, 450 in Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika 239, 353, 356 nirvikalpajñāna 92, 110, 353, 386, 498 savikalpajñāna 92, 353, 381, 386, 498 sākāra/nirākāra 306 true (samyak) 531. See also pramā, vidyā -vidhi. See injunction to knowledge jñānabhūmi (stages of knowledge) 343 jñānakāṇḍa (declarative section of scripture) 8, 46-54, 57, 204, 208, 270, 421, 428-30, 432-34, 436, 440, 443-44, 446, 448, 517-18 jñānakarmasamuccaya (vāda) (combined-path view) 20, 40-41, 45, 49-51, 270-71, 296, 298, 431, 508, 513, 535 jñānayoga (path of knowledge) 45, 325 jñāpaka (function of making something known) 53, 435, 440, 446 Joshi, Lal Mani 604, 607 Joshi, R. B. 78-79, 606 juggler (indrajāla) 325, 357 jyotiṣṭoma 475

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Kahola 196, 489 kaivalya (isolation) 255, 335, 474, 541, 555. See also liberation Kaladi 16, 117 kalpa 139-40 the science of ritual 285 *kalpanā* (constructing, construction) 68, 216, 237, 240, 262, 294, 318, 325, 351-52, 355, 407, 513, 521-22, 569, 582. *See also vikalpa* *kalpanāviṣaya* (constructed object) 378, 539 *nirbijakalpanā* 383 *kāma*. *See desire* *Kamakoti Pitha* (at Conjeevaram) 17-18 *kāmaśāstra* 16, 459 *kāmavilayavāda* 49-50, 431 *kāmyakarman*. *See act, optional* *Kaṇāda* 157, 187, 512, 553, 590 *Kanchi* (Conjeevaram) 17-18, 118 *kañcuka* (mask) 546 *Kane, P. V.* 347, 603 *Kāṇva* recension of Śukla-Yajurveda 180, 421 *Kapila* 142-43 *kāraka* (function of prompting activity to obtain a result) 53, 439, 446, 458 *kāraka* (grammatical case ending) 211 *karaṇa* (instrument) 251, 290, 428, 43 *karma*. *See also act, adṛṣṭa, apūrva* *āgamin* or *sañciyamāna karman* 23, 29, 34, 338 and dreams. *See dream* and *saṃnyāsa*. *See saṃnyāsa* conditions world-creation 459, 503 demeritorious 27, 29, 205-6, 260, 500-501 destroyed by Self-knowledge 178, 189, 231, 266, 304, 423, 487, 531-33 how it controls destiny of the *jīva* 24-30, 171-72, 202, 231, 259-60, 328, 349, 423, 471, 477-79, 488, 501, 508, 511, 523, 530 *karmatva* 393 *karmavipāka* and *karmakṣaya* (maturation and exhaustion of karma) 22-23, 31, 42, 178-79, 201, 205-7, 259, 326, 342, 307-9, 422-23, 474, 536 karmic residues (*karmānuśaya*) 22-34, 36, 140, 171, 259-60, 306. *See also saṃskāra, vāsanā* law of 29-30, 49-50, 189 locus of 503, 561 meritorious 26, 178, 189, 205-6, 500-501 *prārabdhakarman* 23, 29, 31, 34-35, 42, 178, 186, 189, 205, 231, 266, 288, 304-5, 321-22, 335, 338, 408, 458, 471, 536, 562, 597, 604 produced by effort 228 produced by *nityakarmans*. *See act, regular daily* *sañcitakarman* 23, 29, 31, 266, 332, 335, 338, 408, 604 *karmakāṇḍa* (injunctive section of scripture) 8, 46-53, 181, 191-92, 204, 208, 270, 421, 425, 428-29, 432-34, 436, 440, 443-44, 447-49, 453, 488, 517-18, 596. *See also injunction* *karman* (grammatical object, objective) 248, 350 *Karmarkar, R. D.* 609 *karmayoga* 301, 306 *kartavyatā* (future result) 348, 434-35

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*kārya* (effect) 7, 48, 196, 406. *See also cause* *kārya* (something to be accomplished) 427, 435-39 *kāryahetu* 500 *Kāśakṛtsna* 10, 87, 142 *kāṣaya* (faults) 317 *Kāśī*, King of 477 *Kāśīmokṣavicāra* (attributed to Sureśvara) 19, 420 *Kashmir* 14 *Kashmir Śaivism* 16, 551 *kaṣṭajvara* (typhoid fever) 444 *kaṭaka* (clearing- or soap-nut) 43, 90, 323, 354, 501 *Kaṭha Upaniṣad* 134, 138, 140-41, 270, 280, 284, 461, 556 *Kaṭhopaniṣadbhāṣya* (of Śaṃkara) 18, 20-21, 310 *Kauṣītaki Upaniṣad* 133, 141, 174, 476, 492 *Kauṣītakyupaniṣadbhāṣya* (attributed to Śaṃkara) 19, 345 *Kawada, Kumataro* 604, 607 *Kena Upaniṣad* 281-83 *Kenopaniṣad(bhāṣya* (of Śaṃkara) 18, 116, 281-84 *Kenopaniṣad(vākya)bhāṣya* (of Śaṃkara) 18, 281, 310 *Kerala* 16, 18, 117 *Khilakāṇḍa* (section of Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad) 520 *kleśa* (hindrance, impurity) 111, 208, 289, 352, 359 knower (*jñātṛ, pramātṛ*) 6, 121, 235, 248. *See also jīva* and knowledge, relation between 225 and known, relation between 42, 228 knowledge 62. *See jñāna, vidyā, pramā* is it an act? 33, 38-40, 225, 244, 250-51, 284. *See also act, incompatible with knowledge* not a result 227 role in liberation. *See vidyā, jñānayoga, etc.* theory of knowledge 92-100 *kośa* (sheath), theory of 91, 109, 205, 324, 330-31, 338, 510, 524-25, 529 *krama* (a kind of exegetical evidence) 431 *kramamukti*. *See liberation, progressive* *kratu* (resolve) 510 *Krishna, Daya* 608 *kṛkara* (-appetite) 330 *Kṛṣṇa* 5, 45, 295-96, 300 *kṛttika* 500 *kṣatriya* 299, 472-73, 534 *Kumarappa, B.* 605 *Kumārila* 4, 15-17, 20, 57, 59, 71, 116, 346, 353, 374, 380-81 *kuṇḍalinī* 556 *kūrma* (opening the eyes) 330

v3.c19.s11.53

*Laghuvākyavṛtti* (attributed to Śaṃkara) 19, 345 lamp, analogy of 95, 199-200, 248, 334, 498 language 8, 357-58. *See also meaning, śabda* acquisition or learning of 48, 57-58, 360, 362, 399-400, 435, 443, 592. *See also vyutpatti* as communication 58, 361, 398, 400-1, 417, 437, 593 philosophy of language 46-61 *Laṅkāvatāra Sūtra* 607 *laya* (dissolution) 110, 415, 432, 478 *layayoga* 560 leech 25, 510 length of life (*āyus*) 28-30, 32, 34 liberation (*mokṣa, mukti, niḥśreyasa*). *See also kaivalya* and *Brahmaloka*. *See Brahmaloka* and *karma*. *See karma* and *saṃnyāsa*. *See saṃnyāsa* as eternal pleasure. *See bliss* as removal of *avidyā* 36, 39-40, 43, 125-26, 288 backsliding from 35, 42, 145-46, 153, 176, 359, 406 definition, nature of 32-38, 180, 205, 335, 338, 352, 405, 422, 489, 546 desire for liberation (*mumukṣutva*) 36, 122, 176, 218, 221, 320, 337, 339-40, 429, 452 eligibility for. *See adhikāra* eternal, beginningless and endless 39, 125-26, 177, 195, 202, 206, 306, 405, 421-22, 595 four ways of obtaining liberation 537-38, 546 in *Bhedābhedavāda* 49, 51, 476-77 in deep sleep. *See suṣupti* in *Mīmāṃsā* 32, 47, 476 in *Nyāya* 355-56, 595 in the womb 28-29, 277. *See also Vāmadeva* is Brahman 421-22, 490, 493 is or requires Self-knowledge. *See Self-knowledge* means of achieving. *See paths* not an effect 32-33, 97, 196, 203, 238, 242, 286, 288, 371, 388-89, 405-7, 421-22, 427, 464 occasioned by hearing a *mahāvākya* 54, 247 possibility of 167, 169, 238-39, 315, 337, 422, 424, 470, 535 progressive (*kramamukti*) 27, 406, 581 properties of liberated one 37, 94, 180 role of action in. *See act, karmakāṇḍa, Self-knowledge, injunction* role of meditation in. *See upāsanā* science of (*mokṣaśāstra*) 148 while living. *See jīvanmukti* life (*jīvana*) 29-32, 189 length of. *See length of life* light (*prakāśa*) 24, 138, 287, 311, 354, 358, 552, 554. *See also fire* lightning 25-26 limitation model (*avacchedavāda*) 599. *See also pot-space* *lin* (optative) 48, 401-2, 404, 442 *liṅga*, a kind of exegetical evidence 430 *liṅga=hetu*. *See hetu* *liṅga*. *See body, subtle* locomotion, organ of 22 *lokasaṃgraha* (world-order) 37 Lokāyata. *See Cārvāka* love (*prema*) 35-37, 351, 466 lust 337 lying 396, 398 lie-detection test 267

v3.c19.s11.54

Mādhava 117, 347 Madhavananda 181, 335 Madhu Brāhmaṇa (section of *Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad*) 475, 486, 519 Madhusūdana Sarasvati 333 Madhva 14, 105 Mādhyamika (Buddhism) 13, 21, 162, 199, 557 Mādhyandina recension of Śukla-Yajurveda 180, 513-14 magic show, magician, analogy of 88, 90, 106, 146, 241, 273, 311, 317, 353-54, 478, 541 *Mahābhārata* 5, 476, 485 Mahadevan, T. M. P. 17, 317 333, 420-21, 604, 607-8, 612 *mahat*. *See buddhi=mahat* *mahāvākya* (great sentences of the Upanisads) 51, 54, 59, 427, 457, 465, 515-17, 550, 583 interpretation of 59-61, 537 Maitreyi (Yājñavalkya's wife) 141, 423, 483 -Brāhmaṇa (section of *Bṛhadāraṇyaka Upaniṣad*) 483, 519 *Maitri Upaniṣad* 78 Majumdar, J. L. 20, 309, 604, 607, 609 Malabar 16 Malkani, G. R. 605 *manas* (intellectual organ) as reflecting medium 498 control of 110 does it move? 237, 556 grasps external objects 342, 475 in Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika 315, 356, 553 in subtle body, transmigratory process 23, 171, 179, 319, 324, 330, 475, 561 locus of desire, aversion, etc. 425 locus of error, constructions 237, 385, 412, 561. *See also dream* locus of meditation, worship 255, 297 locus of *taijasa* 106 *mānasapratyaya* 268 *mānasika* act. *See act, mental* *manomayakośa* 91, 215, 331, 341, 497, 524, 559, 568 modifications of 337 not the Self 198, 275, 326, 334, 341 operator of sense organs 475 order of creation of 332 part of *antaḥkaraṇa* 341, 553 presiding divinity of 475, 561 a reflection of *buddhi* 20, 306 *Mānasollāsa* (of Sureśvara?) 19, 317, 420, 550-60 *Mānavadharmaśāstra* (the "Laws of Manu") 24, 285, 371, 434, 457, 476 Maṇḍana Miśra 14-17, 19-20, 27, 42-43, 51-52, 54, 56-59, 63, 71-72, 75-76, 79-80, 85, 90, 98-100, 116-8, 346-420, 534

v3.c19.s11.55

*Māṇḍūyakārikās* (of Gauḍapāda). *See Gauḍapādakārikās* *Māṇḍūkya Upaniṣad* 12, 59, 89, 104-5, 502 *Māṇḍūkyopaniṣadbhāṣya* (of Śaṃkara) 18, 308-12 *maṅgala* (invocation) 121, 309 *mantavya* 123, 125, 127 *mantra* 104, 183, 219, 229, 388, 436, 485, 519-20, 582 *mantrayoga* 560 *Mantra Upaniṣad*. *See Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad* *Manu* 470 “Laws of.” *See Mānavadharmaśāstra* marriage 229 Märschner, Käthe 607-8 materialism. *See Cārvāka* *maṭha* 16-18, 420 *māyā* 559 and deep sleep. *See suṣupti* as *avyakta* (*prakṛti*) 286, 553 as dissimulation 289 as God’s power? 79, 554 cannot cause real results 109 cause of dreams 172, 240 cause of *jīva* 60, 551-52 cause of, nature of world-appearance 65, 68, 106, 113, 232, 317, 325, 551, 554, 568-69 destroyed by devotion 559 frequency of term in Śaṃkara 115 in Vijñānavāda 20, 79 *jīva*’s power 81, 107 a Paurāṇika category 553 relation to *avidyā* 78-80, 140, 277, 299, 318, 332, 337, 340, 351-52, 455, 457, 553, 558-60, 574, 576 seed of awareness 240-41 scholarship on 78 *Māyāpañcaka* (attributed to Śaṃkara) 19, 344 Mayeda, Sengaku 115-16, 217, 281, 294, 309, 320, 324, 335, 607-10 meaning connection of words in a sentence 397-400 figurative (*gauṇa*) 55, 59-61, 225, 263, 267, 292, 300, 303, 307-8. *See also metaphor* primary (*abhidhā, śakti*) 55, 242, 244, 348, 400, 426, 539, 596 relational 543 secondary (*lakṣaṇā*) 55, 225, 242, 244, 351, 426, 442, 483, 525, 539, 541-42, 555 sentence-meaning (*vākya-artha*) 57-58, 252-53, 262, 357, 388, 393, 397-98, 402-3, 418, 443, 447, 484, 521, 543-44, 588. *See also tattvamasi, mahāvākya* single sentence meaning (*ekavākyatā*) 428-29 theory of meaning 54-60, 99, 139, 334-35, 388, 391, 401-2, 437-39, 447-48, 521, 529, 531, 589, 596-97 medicine 256, 422, 444 meditation. *See upāsana* memory, recollection 69, 94, 120, 186, 189, 226, 234-35, 249, 252, 315, 338, 392, 396-97, 400, 411-12, 460, 553, 558, 561, 566-69 impossible in Buddhism 238 memory of previous births 495-96 memory traces 83 Menon, P. N. 323, 608 merit (*dharma*) 31, 44, 108, 128, 228, 233, 269, 295, 422, 457-58, 510, 531, 534. *See also karma, meritorious* metaphor (*upacāra*) 59-60, 110, 125, 128, 130, 134, 184, 190, 211-12, 348, 351, 393, 436, 571, 600 metaphysics 74-91 milk and curds, analogy of 151, 379 (Pūrva) Mīmāṃsā 4-5, 11, 15, 19, 31, 38-40, 43, 47-49, 52-53, 55-56, 92-93, 99, 117-18, 127, 139, 183, 333, 346-47, 364, 382, 399, 410, 420, 427, 437, 476, 531-32, 536-38, 612 (Pūrva) Mīmāṃsāsūtras (of Jaimini) 4, 11, 124, 139, 143, 365, 388, 391, 401, 417, 422, 427-28, 445, 581-82, 584, 596 Mīmāṃsāsūtrabhāṣya (of Śabara) 438 mirage, analogy of 228-29, 286, 297, 313, 321, 324, 532 (dirty) mirror, analogy of 33, 60, 73, 85-86, 106, 234, 240, 242-43, 247, 264-65, 281, 317, 324, 351, 354, 533, 554, 574-76 Misra, Ganeswar 605 Mithila 19 Mitra 608 modesty 218 Modi, P. M. 296, 608-9 modification. *See vikāra* *moha* (confusion, delusion, stupidity) 233, 317, 337, 428, 489 *mokṣa*. *See liberation* momentariness (*kṣaṇikatva*) 21, 55, 150, 159-61, 200, 409, 522, 578 momentary cognition as self 122, 237-38 monism 7, 63 monotheism 7 moon 24, 27, 289, 318 as fruit of actions 476 as a god 581 as time aspect of Prajapati 475 double moon, illustration of error 42, 120, 216, 221, 257, 321, 358, 370, 411-12, 522, 562, 566, 570, 597 way of the moon. *See path, southern* morality 35-36, 44. *See also dharma* beyond. *See antinomionianism* moral obligation 41 motion 236, 552 first motion in Vaiśeṣika 156-57 *mudrā* 318 Mukherji, A. C. 609 *mūlabandha* (subduing the root) 322 *mūlādhāra* 556 Müller, F. Max 284, 609 *muṇḍaka*, meaning of the term 284 *Muṇḍaka Upaniṣad* 135-36, 138, 270, 284-89, 367-68, 430, 536, 571 *Muṇḍakopaniṣadbhāṣya* (of Śaṃkara) 18, 116, 284-89 *muni* (sage; silent meditator) 177, 324, 490, 518

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Cites (39)