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A History of Indian Medical Literature v2.c38: Appendix

A History of Indian Medical Literature v2.c38

Language
English

Appendix

v2.c38.1

1 CC and NCC: not recorded. 2 AVI 155. Gaṇanātha Sena (1924): 33. Gulabkunverba I, 146. H. Parāḍkar (1939): 17. Ṭoḍara II, Intr. 5 (misspelt as Bauddhakatantra). 3 CC I, 407; II, 93. See on persons called Bhāluki in general: Vettam Mani 116. 4 A Bhālukitantra is recorded in the Kavīndrācāryasūcipatram (Nr. 963). 5 Ad Śārṅgadharasaṃhitā III.3.9–11. 6 Yogaratnasamuccaya 6.65; 9.539 and 635cd–636ab; 12.127; 14.488–489. 7 Āyurvedābhiṣāra 163; commentary ad 66 and 99. 8 Bheṣajakalpa 260. 9 Rasapaddhati 52–54: the description of a magical ring with curative properties, to be put on with a mantra. 10 Ad Ca.Ci.3.108; Su.Sū.2.3; 6.5; 8.5 (twice). 11 Quoted in his Yogaratnasamuccaya. 12 Caturbhuja's commentary ad Rasahṛdaya 1.7: Bhāluki is one of the Rasasiddhas. 13 Rasakāmadhenu II.4.220: mentioned in a quotation from the Rasapaddhati and its commentary. 14 Ad Su.Sū.13.8 (twice); Ci.37.117cd–123ab; U.39.45cd–46. Dalhaṇa's anonymous quotation on maṇḍalāgra ad Su.Sū.8.3 is identical with the quotation from Bhāluki on this subject by Cakra ad Su.Sū.8.5. 15 Ārogyacintāmaṇi 159 (attributed to Vāluki, who is probably Bhāluki). 16 Bṛhadrasarājasundara 117 (on kaṅkuṣṭha). 17 Ad Ca.Ci.3.108. 18 Ad Su.Ni.2.7; 5.17; 14.3 and 8cd–9ab; ad Śā. 19 Ad Su.Sū.6.5 (referred to as Bālukitantra). 20 Ad Ca.Ci.3.108. 21 Āyurvedaprakāśa 4.56–58: the description of a magical ring (mudrā) with curative properties, to be put on with a mantra; the verses are quoted from the Rasapaddhati (52–54). 22 Rasajalanidhi II, 207 (Bhāluki regards kaṅkuṣṭha as an upadhātu of tin). 23 Jvaranirṇaya 4.79cd–101 and 213–214. 24 Ad Cakradatta, jvara 18, 20, 149, 150, 153–156, 157–158, 237–238, 292; aśmarī 47–49; netraroga 19. Cakrapāṇidatta borrowed jvara 149, 153–156 and 157–158 from Bhāluki. 25 Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana 74 and 75 (on surgical instruments). 26 Quoted ad A.H.Sū.26.5. 27 Rasendrapurāṇa 24.19 (Bhāluki regarded kaṅkuṣṭha as an upadhātu of tin). 28 Ad Cakradatta, jvara 157–158. 29 Rasendracūḍāmaṇi 15.33cd (on the purification of mercury) and 54–57 (on providing mercury with a mukha and on the saṃskāras called svedana and saṃnyāsa). 30 Ad A.H.Sū.19.79cd–80ab; 26.5, 10–11, 22–26, 43cd–46ab; 27.34–35; 28.19 and 20–21ab; Ni.2.64–65ab and 76cd–78; 5.2–3. 31 Ad Mādhavanidāna 44.9–10 and 49.37–39; ad Siddhayoga 1.151–152; 73.4; 74.33. 32 Ṭoḍara II: 4.11–14; III: 4.210 and 742.

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33 Ad Mādhavanidāna 2.18–23, 24 (twice), 31cd–32ab; 44.9–10. 34 Rasaratnasamuccaya 1.7: Bhāluki is the author of an alchemical treatise; G.Häldär (Vṛddhatrayī 325) was of the opinion that the string of words, found in the Rasaratnasamuccaya (rasendratilako yogī bhālukī maithilāhvaya), refers to Bhāluki alone, not to a series of authorities, as is usually assumed; 2.132–133 (a mantra ascribed to Bhāluki); 17.72–74 (the formula of mehamardanarasa). 35 Ad Triśatī 325. 36 Ad Mādhavanidāna 2.18–23 (twice), 24, 31cd–32ab, 75. 37 Bhallukī is mentioned as one of the originators of āyurveda in the introductory verses. 38 See P.V. Sharma (1993): Introduction 54. 39 Rasayogasāgara, pakārādi 277 (mehamardanarasa). 40 Rasayogasāgara, śakārādi 175 (śulāntakarasa). 41 The formula of śulāntakarasa. 42 The formula of śulāntakarasa. 43 The formula of mehamardanarasa. 44 The formula of mehamardanarasa. 45 Mādhavacikitsā, jvara 54 = Cakradatta, jvara 149. 46 Siddhayoga 1.143 = Cakradatta, jvara 149; 1.147–150 = jvara 153–156; 1.151–152 = jvara 157–158. 47 Cakradatta, jvara 149, 153–156, 157–158. 48 Gulabkunverba I, 145. Jaggi IV, 21. H. Parādkar (1939): 16. Gaṇanātha Sena (1924): 26–27. P.V. Sharma (AVI 154). Todara II, Intr. 4–5. Dalhaṇa regarded Bhāluki as a specialist in śalya (see Dalhaṇa ad Su.U.39.66). 49 See the quotation (eight verses) in the Ratnaprabhā ad Cakradatta, jvara 150. 50 Niścalakara and Śivadāsasena (ad Cakradatta, jvara 157–158), as well as Śrīkaṇṭhadatta (ad Siddhayoga 1.151–152), explain that the recipe they are commenting on (borrowed from Bhāluki) is from the Siddhishthāna of the Bhālukitantra. G. Mukhopadhyaya (III, 529) regards it as a formula of Bhela, but it is absent from the preserved parts of the Bhelasaṃhitā. 51 Quotations in prose are given by Niścala (ad Cakradatta, aśmarī 47–49) and Śrīdāsapaṇḍita (ad A.h. Sū.28.19 and 20–21ab). 52 Cakrapāṇidatta ad Su.Sū.6.5. 53 Bheṣajakalpa 260. 54 Āḍhamalla ad Śārṅgadharasaṃhitā III.3.9–11. Dalhaṇa ad Su.Ci.37.117cd–123ab. Śrīdāsapaṇḍita ad A.h.Sū.19.79cd–80ab. Śrīkaṇṭhadatta ad Siddhayoga 73.4. 55 Cakrapāṇidatta ad Sū.Sū.8.5. Śrīdāsapaṇḍita ad A.h.Sū.26.5, 10–11, 22–26. 56 Dalhaṇa ad Su.Sū.13.8. Śrīdāsapaṇḍita ad A.h.Sū.27.34–35. 57 Śrīdāsa ad A.h.Sū.26.43cd–46ab. 58 Śrīdāsa ad A.h.Sū.28.19 and 20–21ab. 59 Niścala ad Cakradatta, aśmarī 47–49. 60 See the quotations in Anantakumāra's Yogaratnasamuccaya. See also Niścala ad Cakradatta, netraroga 19. 61 Cakrapāṇidatta, Jejjaṭa and Gaṅgādhara ad Ca.Ci.3.108. Ṭodara III: 4.120. Vijayarakṣita ad Mādhavanidāna 2.18–23. 62 Gayadāsa ad Su.Ni.5.17. Śrīkaṇṭhadatta ad Mādhavanidāna 49.37–39. 63 Gayadāsa ad Su.Ni.14.3.

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64 See the notes to Su.Sū.7 and 8. 65 Śrīdāsapaṇḍita ad A.h.Sū.26.10–11. Bhoja and Bhāluki apparently agreed on a number of subjects (see Cakrapāṇidatta ad Su.Sū.6.5 and 8.5). 66 Ṭodara II: 4.11–14 = Bhelasaṃhitā, Śā.4.11cd–15ab. Bhāluki and Bhela are by some considered to be identical (see Gaṇanātha Sena, 1924: I, 18; HIM III, 529), but Dalhaṇa mentions them as separate authorities. 67 Ad Mādhavanidāna 2.18–23. 68 Their order and names differ slightly in the Jvaranirṇaya. 69 Kāśyapasamhitā, viśeṣakalpādhyāya (see G.J. Meulenbeld, 1974: 165–166). 70 See G.J. Meulenbeld (1974): 165–166. 71 Jvaratimirabhāskara 7.65–68ab, 72cd–77ab, 93–94, 97–99ab, 100cd–103ab. 72 Ad Cakradatta, jvara 150. 73 Ad Cakradatta, jvara 237–238. 74 Cakrapāṇidatta ad Su.Sū.2.3. 75 See the preceding references to rasayogas ascribed to Bhāluki. A Bhānukin, mentioned as one of the Mahāsiddhas in the Hathayogapradīpikā (1.8), may be the same as the Rasasiddha Bhāluki. Compare CC I, 407: Bhāluki is quoted in the Hathayogapradīpikā. 76 CC I, 418: Vṛddha Bhoja. See on persons called Bhoja: Vettam Mani 138–139. 77 Bhoja's treatise was divided into the same type of sections (sthāna) as the Suśrutasaṃhitā (see Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana 81). 78 Dalhaṇa ad Su.Sū.27.9. 79 See, e.g., Anantakumāra's Yogaratnasamuccaya 8.702ab; Gayadāsa ad Su.Ni.5.8; Śrīkaṇṭhadatta ad Siddhayoga 78.4. 80 See Dalhaṇa ad Su.Śā.5.41; Kairalī ad A.h.U.21.39 and 31.9ab; Śrīdāsa ad A.h.Sū.6.167cd–168ab and 30.3–8ab. 81 Numerous quotations bear upon these branches of āyurveda. Bhoja is repeatedly referred to as a śalya specialist. Dalhaṇa calls Bhoja a śalyatantravid (ad Su.U.39.66); Jejjaṭa refers to him as a vraṇacintaka (ad Ca.Ci.25.31ab). 82 See, e.g., Cakrapāṇidatta ad Ca.Ci.15.88–93; Śivadāsasena ad Cakrapāṇidatta's Dravyaguṇa, phalavarga 30. 83 Dalhaṇa ad Su.Śā.5.17 and 20, 6.28–29. Gayadāsa ad Su.Ni.2.7. 84 Dalhaṇa ad Su.Śā.3.12, 18 and 32. Śrīkaṇṭhadatta ad Mādhavanidāna 64.6. 85 See, for example, the recipes in Anantakumāra's Yogaratnasamuccaya against diseases belonging to the division of kāyacikitsā. 86 See the numerous quotations on this subject in Anantakumāra's Yogaratnasamuccaya (prose chapter eight; Śrīdāsapaṇḍita ad A.h.Sū.5.19 and 35–36ab, 6.113–114ab. 87 See the quotations on this subject in Anantakumāra's Yogaratnasamuccaya (prose between 7.97 and 98), Bheṣajakalpa, and Dāmodara's Ārogyacintāmaṇi; Cakrapāṇi ad Ca.Ci.5.514–160. 88 Gaṇanātha Sena (1924): I, 24–26. Gulabkunverba I, 145. A Bhojatantra and a Vṛddhabhojatantra, both on śalya, are repeatedly mentioned (Jaggi IV, 20; H. Parādkar, 1939: 17; P.V. Sharma, AVI 154). Bhoja's knowledge of śalākya was already stressed by R.C. Choudhury (1977: 305). 89 See Suśruta and the notes to Su.Sū.8. 90 See Bhoja's Cārucaryā, etc. A.F.R. Hoernle (1906a: 286) regarded both authors as probably identical; G.N. Mukherjee (1933a) considered them to be identical. D.Ch. Bhattacharya (1947a: 125–126; 1947b: 145–146) distinguished three Bhojas: (a) an ancient ācārya, pupil of Divodāsa and a class-fellow of Suśruta, (b) an earlier Bhojanṛpa, quoted already by Jejjata, (c) the author of the Rājamārtaṇḍa. There is, however, no reason to regard the first two as different authorities; the Bhoja referred to by Cakrapāṇidatta and Dalhaṇa (ad Su.Sū.1.3) as a fellow-student of Suśruta is the same Bhoja as the one quoted in their commentaries.

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91 G.P. Malalasekera (1983): II, 394.

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92 Jyotir Mitra (1985): 215–216. Bhoja is not referred to as a specialist in agadatantra in medical treatises.

v2.c38.6

93 Cakrapāṇidatta ad Su.Sū.21.9. Śrīkaṇṭhadatta ad Mādhavanidāna 55.32. Bhoja's emphasis on the digestive fire is also apparent from one of the quotations from Vṛddhabhoja.

v2.c38.7

94 Dalhaṇa ad Su.Śā.3.18.

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95 Dalhaṇa ad Su.U.39.66.

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96 Vijayarakṣita ad Mādhavanidāna 3.21.

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97 Gayadāsa ad Su.Ni.5.16 and 17; 6.20ab; 11.29; 13.4, 6, 9–10, 14, 18, 25cd–28ab, 30–31, 41, 47cd–50ab, 50cd–52ab, 52cd–54; 16.14–26, 27–35, 47–50, 57. Dalhaṇa ad Su.Ni.11. 10–12. Indu ad A.s.U.36.8, etc.

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98 Bhoja omits the type called vinatā (Śrīkaṇṭhadatta ad Mādhavanidāna 33.27–28).

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99 Gayadāsa ad Su.Ni.6.15–19.

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100 Gayadāsa ad Su.Ni.9.13cd–14ab.

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101 Gayadāsa ad Su.Ni.5.8.

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102 Śrīkaṇṭhadatta ad Mādhavanidāna 55.1.

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103 Gayadāsa ad Su.Ni.16.3. The number of sixty-five was accepted as authoritative by Suśruta.

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104 This description is found in Anantakumāra's Yogaratnasamuccaya (prose between 7.97 and 98), the Bheṣajakalpa ascribed to Bharadvāja (261–270), and Dāmodara's Ārogyacintāmaṇi (bheṣajakalpa 160–169).

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105 Anantakumāra's Yogaratnasamuccaya 8.575cd–576ab.

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106 Anantakumāra's Yogaratnasamuccaya 8.573cd–574ab.

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107 Anantakumāra's Yogaratnasamuccaya 8.558–560ab.

v2.c38.21

111 Ad Śārṅgadharasaṃhitā I.7.12–13, 67, 68a, 68b–69a, 80–82ab (twice), 87–90, 91–100ab (seven quotations), 100cd–101, 128–129, 130–133, 135–136ab, 180d–182ab, 185cd–188.

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112 Yogaratnasamuccaya, prose between 7.97 and 98; 7.103; 8.303, 306ab, 314cd, 435cd–436ab, 457ab, 494cd–495ab, 529ab, 531cd–533ab, 534cd–535ab, 547, 548–553ab, 555cd–556ab, 558cd–560ab, 565cd–566ab, 566cd–567ab, 573cd–574ab, 575cd–576ab, 576cd–577ab, 578, 586, 587ab, 587cd–588ab, 589, 595cd–596ab, 598, 601, 607, 612cd, 639, 642–643ab, 643cd–646ab, 675cd–676ab, 678–679, 702ab, 712–713ab, 715cd–716ab, 718cd–719ab, 722cd–723ab, 727, 729ab, 761cd–762ab, 764cd–765, 767cd–768ab, 773ab, 781, 790, 794, 799ab; 9.214–215, 296–303ab, 336c–f, 488cd–489ab, 490–492, 497cd–504, 550–551, 613; 10.94cd–95ab; 11.179 and 198–199ab; 12.143, 170ab, 223–229; 13.262; 14.30, 38, 52; 15.16, 29–30, 43; 16.126, 127, 229–232, 496–497, 549, 595(?)-632; 18.61cd–63 and 375–377; 19.55 and 288; 20.57, 60–72, 75–78, 80–88, 91–95, 99–100, 111–112, 198, 223, 227, 229, 238, 241–242, 245.

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114 Āyurvedavibhāṣa 3459, 3502, 3521, 3651–52, 4459, 4696; commentary ad 610, 1745, 3511, 4150, 4699, 4703, 4712–13, 5427, 5947.

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115 Glosses ad Bhāvaprakāśa 3.146 and 178; 5.317; cikitsā 19.14; 46.19; 54.28 and 46; 66.29.

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116 Bheṣajakalpa 215 and 261–270.

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118 Āyurvedavijñāna II, 432, 551, 558.

v2.c38.27

120 Ad Su.Sū.1.6–7; 6.5; 8.6–7 (six quotations); 11.12–13 (twice); 14.5 and 20; 15.37–28; 16. 1–2, 3–5, 15; 18.18; 19.32–37; 21.9–10; 25.27–28; 27.12; 45.61cd–63, 134–140ab, 197cd–198ab.

v2.c38.28

122 Ad Su.Sū.1.3; 8.3 (twice); 11.11–12 (twice); 19.32–34; 27.9 and 12; Ni.11.3 and 10–12; 13.30–31; Śā.1.16; 3.12, 18 and 32; 5.17, 20, 41; 6.24 and 28–29; Ci.18.25–26; 33.6–7 and 37; 39.15cd–16; 40.18, 22, 28, 31; U.39.66.

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123 Ārogyacintāmaṇi, bheṣajakalpa 122ab and 160–169.

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124 Bṛhadrasarājasundara 384 (the formula of vṛddhanavāyasa-cūrṇa; compare Bhāratabhaisajyaratnākara IV, Nr. 7099).

v2.c38.31

126 Ad Su.Ni.2.7; 3.7; 5.3 (three quotations), 4, 8, 16, 17 (twice); 6.15–19 (twice), 20ab, 25; 7.11–14ab; 8.10; 9.10cd–11ab 13cd–14ab, 27–28ab (twice), 34cd–38; 10.7 and 18; 11.3, 8–9, 10–12, 19–20, 21, 29; 12.6 and 9; 13.4, 6, 9–10, 12, 14, 18, 25cd–28ab, 30–31, 33–34, 41, 42, 47cd–50ab, 50cd–52ab, 52cd–54, 57–58, 61; 16.3, 5–12, 14–26, 27–35, 40–45 (twice), 46, 47–50, 57; ad Śā.

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134 Ad Cakradatta, atīsāra 21–22; arśas 142–146 and 147–151; kāsa 46–47; chardi 1; aśmarī 50–53; galagaṇḍa 32; sneha 11; nīrūha 20–21. Cakradatta, kāsa 46–47 was borrowed from Bhoja according to Niścala.

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137 Bhojanakutūhala 55 and 145.

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¹³⁸ Ad A.H.U.21.9cd–10ab, 36, 39; 23.24cd–26ab; 29.15; 31.3cd–4ab, 8, 9, 18cd–19ab, 21, 26, 28; 33.19ab. Ad Cakrapāṇidatta's Cikitsāsaṃgraha, atīsāra 21; udāvarta 17; gulma 83–87; aśmarī 48–54 (twice); galagaṇḍa 31. Ad Cakrapāṇidatta's Dravyaguṇa, phalavarga 30; kṣīravarga 13; aikṣavādivarga 17; āhāravidhi 22.

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¹³⁹ Ad A.H.Sū.3.18–23ab; 5.19 and 35–36ab; 6.88cd–89ab, 93–96ab, 113cd–114ab, 167cd–168ab; 20.5 and 15cd–16; 26.6, 10–11 (twice), 27–29ab, 36–37 (twice); 28.20–21ab, 21cd, 26cd–31; 29.16–18 (three quotations), 57–59ab, 59cd–61 (four quotations), 62–64 (twice); 30.3–8ab, 39, 45cd–46 (twice); Ni.2.64–65ab.

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140 Ad Mādhavanidāna 33.27–28 and 34cd–35; 37.7cd–11ab (twice); 38.1, 8cd–9ab, 15, 16–17, 25, 26; 40.10cd–11ab and 17cd–20; 46.1 and 6; 49.17cd–23ab, 25cd–30, 37–39; 52.22cd–24 and 25; 53.3–8ab; 55.1, 3, 11, 22–24, 28–29, 32, 36, 38, 40cd, 41–43, 44–45ab, 45cd–47, 50–51; 56.1, 9cd–10ab, 15, 28–29, 35cd–36ab, 36cd–37, 38 (twice), 47, 48, 54; 64.2 and 6. Ad Siddhayoga 1.140 and 254; 3.7–8; 41.49 (twice); 71.10; 76.12 and 14; 77.8–9; 78.3, 4, 5.

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141 Cikitsākalikā 2: mentioned as an ancient authority.

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142 Ṭoḍara II: 4.147–150 and 267; 7.95; III: 3.269; VI: 8.71; IX: 1.94–95.

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143 Bṛhadyogatarangiṇī 18.30 and 33ab; 116.5–11.

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144 Ad Mādhavanidāna 3.21; 5.1; 17.14–15abab; 18.4–6; 37.7cd–11ab (twice); 38.1, 8cd–9ab, 15, 16–17, 25, 26; 40.10cd–11ab and 17cd–20; 46.1 and 6; 49.17cd–23ab, 25cd–30, 37–39; 52.22cd–24 and 25; 53.3–8ab; 55.3, 11, 22–24, 26, 36, 38, 40cd, 41–43, 44–45ab, 45cd–47, 50–51; 56.1, 9cd–10ab, 15, 28–29, 35cd–36ab, 36cd–37, 38, 47, 48, 54; 64.2 and 6.

v2.c38.41

145 A.s.U.42.50.

v2.c38.42

146 Vaidyacintāmaṇi 203; compare Rasayogasāgara, śakārādi 230 (the formula of ṣaḍaśītiggugulu).

v2.c38.43

149 Yogaratnākara 617, 618, 619, 620, 635, 731, 744, 854; the formula of ṣaḍaśītiggugulu (see Rasayogasāgara, śakārādi 230).

v2.c38.44

150 P.V. Sharma (1993): Introduction 54.

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151 E. Haas (1876a): 634. M.Z. Siddīqī (1959): 100.

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154 Yogaratnasamuccaya 14.249–250 and 367cd–370.

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155 Kāmaratna 5.26.

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157 A MS of an unspecified text called Bhojarājīya (by the later king Bhoja?) is recorded in the Check-list (Nr. 157).

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159 Yogaratnasamuccaya 15.18 and 123–124; 16.57 and 417–420; 20.226.

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160 Yogaratnasamuccaya 8.1004–1009ab; 9.362cd–365 and 474cd–475; 20.46–57ab, 58, 113; 21.238.

v2.c38.51

161 Yogaratnasamuccaya 14.384–392.

v2.c38.52

165 Āyurvedābhiṣāra 1605.

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168 Ṭoḍara IX: 1.345.

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171 P.V. Sharma (1993): Introduction 54.

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175 Śrīdāsa ad A.h.Sū.26.10–11.

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176 Dalhaṇa ad Su.Sū.11.11–12.

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177 Śrīkaṇṭha ad Siddhayoga 1.254.

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178 Anantakumāra’s Yogaratnasamuccaya 9.214–215.

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179 Śrīdāsa ad A.h.Sū.30.45cd–46.

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181 Atrideva (ABI 203). Gaṇanātha Sena (1924): I, 32. Gulabkunverba I, 146. Jaggi IV, 21. H. Parāḍkar (1939): 17. P.V. Sharma (AVI 155). Ṭoḍara II, Intr. 5. P. Cordier calls him an ophthalmologist (1901d: 171).

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184 Quoted as Cākṣuṣya: Yogaratnasamuccaya 2.9 (on sveda; Niścala quotes the same verse ad Cakradatta, sveda 10); 9.248 (on fever) and 725 (on asthisrāva); 10.81cd–82ab, 262, 281cd–284ab (on kāsa, etc.); 12.256 (on mada); 18.283 (on visarpa); 19.119 (on kuṣṭha); 20.152–157 and 219 (on vātaroga); 21.214–215 (on kaumārabhṛtya) and 518–523 (on children’s diseases); 24.721cd–726 and 830–832 (on mukharoga); 25.14 and 27cd–29ab (on śiroroga); 272.80 (on apaċī). Quoted from Cākṣuṣīya: 28.45 (on kṣudraroga).

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186 Cākṣuṣ(y)a is referred to as a source.

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187 Cākṣuṣyena is quoted.

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189 Quoted or referred to as Cākṣuṣyena ad Cikitsākalikā 2, 16 (five quotations), 80, 81 (twice), 85, 283, 303–304, 354–355; also quoted in the Yogaratnasamuccaya.

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194 Quoted as Cākṣuṣyena ad Cakradatta, jvara 135–136; svarabheda 13; vātavyādhi 81–85; vātarakta 13; galagaṇḍa 3–4, 31, 32, 35; visarpa 9 and 33; mukharoga 1, 9, 75–76, 88, 97–98, 111–112; nāsāroga 2–3; sneha 1 and 6; sveda 1, 10, 11.

v2.c38.66

196 Quoted as Cākṣuṣya ad Mādhavanidāna 59.88 and 92; 60.6. The quotation ad 59.92 is ascribed to Videha by Vācaspati.

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197 Ṭoḍara II: 2.175–184 and 206–109 (quoted as Cākṣuṣya.).

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198 Quoted as Cākṣuṣya ad Mādhavanidāna 59.88.

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199 Quoted as Cākṣuṣya in two verses added to A.h.U.13.25.

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201 Verses borrowed from Cākṣuṣyena, according to Niścala, are: galagaṇḍa 3–4, 31 and 35; mukharoga 88, 97–98 (from Videha and Cākṣuṣyena), 111–112; nāsāroga 2–3 (from Videha and Cākṣuṣyena).

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Cakradatta, galagaṇḍa 3–4 also forms part of the Mādhavacikitsā (galagaṇḍa 2) and Vṛnda’s Siddhayoga (41.4–5); galagaṇḍa 31 = Mādhavacikitsā, galagaṇḍa 10; galagaṇḍa 35 = Siddhayoga 41.55 = Yogaratnasamuccaya 272.80; mukharoga 88 = Mādhavacikitsā, mukharoga 2ab = Siddhayoga 58.79; mukharoga 97 = Mādhavacikitsā, mukharoga 24; mukharoga 97–98 = Siddhayoga 58.86–87; mukharoga 111–112 = Siddhayoga 58.99–100; nāsāroga 2–3 = Siddhayoga 60.2–3. 202 Indu cites (ad A.s.Ka.8.17) the Cākṣuṣeṇasaṃhitā. 203 Practically all the quotations are in verse. Proṣe passages are found in Ṭoḍara’s Āyurvedasaukhya (II: 2.206–209: a description of the constitutions; a closely related parallel in verse occurs in Candraṭa’s commentary on Cikitsākalikā 16) and Niścala’s Ratnaprabhā (ad Cakradatta, mukharoga 1 and 9; sneha 1). 204 G. Hāldār does not call him a śalakya specialist, but an ancient āyurvedācārya (Vṛddhatrayī, nāmasūcī 25). 205 Candraṭa ad Cikitsākalikā 283. Indu ad A.s.Ka.8.17. 206 Candraṭa ad Cikitsākalikā 80, 81, 85. Ḍalhaṇa ad Su.Ci.33.7. Niścala ad Cakradatta, sneha 1 and 6; sveda 1, 10, 11. 207 See the recipes in the Yogaratnasamuccaya; Candraṭa ad Cikitsākalikā 303–304; several quotations of Niścala. 208 Candraṭa ad Cikitsākalikā 16. Ṭoḍara II: 2.175–184. 209 Ṭoḍara II: 2.206–209. 210 Candraṭa ad Cikitsākalikā 16. 211 Candraṭa ad Cikitsākalikā 16: Cākṣuṣeṇa distinguished four types of sātmya. 212 Niścala ad Cakradatta, svarabheda 13. 213 Niścala ad Cakradatta, vātavyādhi 81–85; sneha 1. 214 Niścala ad Cakradatta, svarabheda 13. 215 The subject is discussed by Candraṭa (ad Cikitsākalikā 354–355), Ḍalhaṇa (ad Su.U.3.21 and 22), Śivadāsasena (ad Cakradatta, netraroga 45–46 and 229), and Śrīkaṇṭhadatta (ad Mādhavanidāna 59.88). 216 Ad Kālidāsa’s Raghuvamśa 5.50. 217 Sūramcandra I, 233–234. 218 NCC: not recorded. Sūramcandra I, 268. Some MSS have Dāraka instead of Dāruka. See on persons called Dāruka in general: Vettam Mani 203. 219 Ad Ca.Ci.3.197–200ab. 220 See Aruṇadatta ad A.h.Sū.5.55–56: a quotation from Pānaka (Dāraka)’s Āyurvedāvatāra on the properties of sesamum oil; Śā.3.81: a quotation from Caraka (variants Dāraka and Dāruka), not to be found in the Carakasaṃhitā, on the indeterminable quantity of vāyu in the human body. Aruṇa’s first quotation is also found in Śrīdāsa’s comment ad A.h.Sū. 5.55, where it is said to be from Dākara’s Āyurvedāvatāra; a second verse from the same work, absent from Aruṇa’s Sarvāṅgasundarī, and concerned with the relationship between the doṣas and the mahābhūtas, is cited ad Śā.3.7–8ab. 221 Hemarājaśarman (Sanskrit upodghāta to the Kāśyapasaṃhitā, 50) is doubtful. S.V. Sharma (1963) accepts the identity, till evidence is found against it. Sūramcandra (I, 268) regards the two as separate. S.K. Mishra (1992: 313) refers to the Dāruvāha- or Dārukasaṃhitā as a treatise on kāyacikitsā. 222 See Hopkins. 223 H.H. Wilson’s transl. of the Viṣṇupurāṇa, 5.37. Vettam Mani 203. 224 CC and NCC: not recorded. 225 Sū.25.3. 226 Sū.27.3. 227 Ad A.h.Sū.5.20cd–21; Śā.1.5.

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228 Ad Ca.Ci.3.74 229 Ad Ca.Ci.3.63–67; Cakrapāṇidatta gives the same quotation, but omits the ardhaśloka at the end. 230 Ad Cakradatta, jvara 63. 231 Ad A.h.Śā.1.5. 232 Ad A.h.Śā.1.5. 233 Ad A.s.Ni.1.19–31; U.1.22; 5.7–8; 40.32–33. 234 Ad A.h.Sū.5.20cd–21. 235 Ad A.s.U.1.22. 236 Ad A.s.U.5.7–8. 237 Ad A.s.U.40.32–33. 238 See: Nagnajit. 239 See: Dāruka. 240 NCC VII, 284. 241 Ad Su.U.1.4cd–8ab. G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 186) regards this Jīvaka as a Buddhist. P. Cordier (1903b: 350) recorded a Bālatantra by Jīvaka. 242 Yogaratnasamuccaya 21.115, 121–136ab, 177. 243 Bower MS II.1081 and 1097–1099. 244 Cakradatta, ślīpada 24–30; Śivadāsasena regards Jīvaka as identical with Bṛhaspati in his comments on this formula. R.C. Majumdar’s claim (1971: 230) that the Jīvakatantra is quoted in Cakrapāṇidatta’s Bhānumatī must be based on some misunderstanding. 245 Ṭoḍara VI: 16.30–36. 246 Vaṅgasena, ślīpada 56–63. Cakrapāṇidatta, Ṭoḍara and Vaṅgasena attribute the formula of saureśvara- or saureśvarīghṛta to Jīvaka; this compound medicine is also found in other treatises, without its attribution to Jīvaka (Vṛnda’s Siddhayoga: 42.25–28; Yogaratnākara 631). 247 G. Mukhopadhyaya (HIM III, 683–684) quotes a formula of Jīvaka to be used in the treatment of children; this formula is said to be found in commentaries. 248 Vaṅgasena, strīroga 341–344. 249 See: Jīvakapustaka. 250 See: Kāśyapasaṃhitā. 251 See: Kāśyapasaṃhitā. 252 See J. Mulholland (1987): 32, 49, 51. 253 Some of his patients were children (see A. Peiper, 1957: 40–41). 254 Trephination is not mentioned in āyurvedic literature. See on this subject: R.F.G. Müller (1959); K.G. Zysk (1985): 3–4, 67, (1991): 13, 54, 56, 60, 120–121. 255 The Sanskrit equivalent is Kumārabhṛta, i.e., nourished by a prince, which name alludes to the stories concerning his birth and infancy; Komārabhacca may, however, also refer to his being a specialist in kaumārabhṛtya (*T.W. Rhys Davids and H. Oldenberg, 1882: VIII, 171, according to A. Peiper, 1957: 34–54). J. Jolly (1901: 68; C.G. Kashikar 84) and T.W. Rhys Davids (*1899: II, 65; see A. Peiper, 1957: 34) render the word as ‘physician of children’. 256 See on the sources: K.G. Zysk (1991): 150–151; see also K. Butzenberger and M. Fedorova (1989): 97, n.30. The main source is the Mahāvagga: see H. Oldenberg’s edition of the Vinayapiṭaka, vol. I, 268–289; English translation: I.B. Horner (1962): IV, 379–398. See also E.M. Hare (1965): 150.

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257 ABI 320: title Jīvakatantra. Vṛddhatrayī 472. 258 See Rechung (1973): 194, 237, 243, 300. 259 ABI 98–106; 320; 491–92. AVI 150–153. S. Beal (1884): II, 152. Bhagwan Dash (1976): 28–30; (1978): 10–12. N.D. Bolsokhoyeva (1993): 15–16. A. Chattopadhyay (1978). D. Chattopadhyay (1979): 326–328, 335, 339–341. E. Chavannes (1962): II, 37–40 (Nr. 176) and 55–56 (Nr. 189); III, 325–361 (Nr. 499); IV, 246–247. P. Cordier (1901a): 81; (1902): 179–181 and 184 (References). P. Demiéville and J. Filliozat (1937). L. Feer (1979): 374–383. W. Filchner (1933): 367. J. Filliozat (1975): 7–8. Gaṇanātha Sena (1924): I, 33–34. J.R. Haldar (1977): 55. R.S. Hardy (1880): 244–257 (reproduced in HIM III, 725–742), 331, 333–335. HIM III, 681–744. A.F.R. Hoernle (1909): 878. Jaggi IV, 53–57. Jyotir Mitra (1985); (1988); (1989). H. Kern (1896): 29–30. Liacre-de Saint-Firmin (1916): 24–45. R.C. Majumdar (1971): 221–222. G.P. Malalasekera (1937): I, 957–960. R.K. Mookerji (1947): 468–471. R.F.G. Müller (1928): 241 and 250, note 2; (1941): 24–25 and 85; (1959): 72–76. NCC VII, 284. H. Oldenberg (1920): 164–166 and 183–184. B.C. Olschak (1976): 4. V.N. Pandey and A. Pandey (1988): 13. J.L. Panglung (1981): 65. A. Peiper (1957). Rechung (1973): 12–14. D.V.S. Reddy (1958). W.W. Rockhill (1991): 64–65, 93, 95–106. R. Śarmā (1959): prākkathan 2 and 6. R. Śāstrī (1977): 483–497. A. Schiefner (1875): Vorwort V–VII, 7–11 (Pradyota's Heilung durch Dshīvaka). F.A. von Schiefner *(1879)*; (1988): 75–109. P.V. Sharma (1992a): 119. K.R. Srikantamurthy (1968): 33–36. G.P. Srivastava (1954): 72–77. J. Takakusu (1966). M. Tatz (1985). M. Taube (1981): 29–30. C. Vogel (1970): 5, n.29. Vṛddhatrayī 119, 170–171, 472. Th. Watters (1961): II, 150–151, 163. Winternitz II, 23–24. Yashpal (1949): 102–109. K.G. Zysk (1982): 67–68; (1991). 260 NCC: not recorded as a medical authority. Kapila is regarded as the founder of the Sāṃkhya system of philosophy. See on persons called Kapila: Vettam Mani 388. See also: H. Krishna Sastri (1916): 254. 261 Ad Cakradatta, agnimāndya 9–10. 262 Ṭoḍara III: 4.496–497, 506–508, 513, 861; VI: 8.93–100. 263 See A.s.Sū.20.17 and Hemādri ad A.h.Sū.1.15cd–16ab. 264 Compare the quotations in the Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana (55) and Cakra's commentary (ad Ca. Sū.7.45–50). 265 D.Ch. Bhattacharyya (1947b): 139. Niścala mentions Kapila ad Cakradatta, agnimāndya 9–10; Kapilabala is mentioned ad jvara 64 and 77, sneha 6. 266 See I.B. Horner (1964): 91; T.W. Rhys Davids (1894): II, 109. Compare Jyotir Mitra (1985): 26. 267 Jyotir Mitra (1974): 6; (1985): 359. R.K. Mookerji (1947): 471. 268 I.P. Minaev (1992): 51 (176.16). His Tibetan name is Ser-skya: P. Cordier (1903a): 619; A. Csoma de Körös (1980): I, 22. 269 NCC III, 154. Kavīndrācāryasūcipatram, Nr. 987. 270 Kapila is absent from the list in the editions I consulted. 271 HIM II, 504–505. 272 Kalyāṇakāraka, hitāhitādhyāya (p.722). 273 See HIM III, 787 (I could not trace this reference). The quotation from Kapilabala in the Āyurvedadīpikā (ad Ca.Sū.7.45–50), concerned with seasonal regimen, is attributed to Kapila in the Bhānumatī (ad Su.Sū.6.12). 274 AVI 154. Gaṇanātha Sena (1924): I, 27. Gulabkunverba I, 145. S.K. Mishra (1992): 313. Ṭoḍara II, Intr. 5. This śalyatantra is by others attributed to Kapilabala.

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275 Pāradasaṃhitā 1.104. 276 Rasaratnākara, Vādikhaṇḍa 1.69. 277 Rasaratnasamuccaya 6.53. 278 Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha 9.8. 279 Compare Kapilabala. 280 NCC III, 178. Karāla is by some referred to as Karālabhaṭṭa (Gaṇanātha Sena, 1924: I, 32; HIM III, 771; Vṛddhatrayī 142) on account of an erroneous reading in some old editions of the Suśrutasaṃhitā with Dalhaṇa's commentary (ad U.1.4cd–8ab: karālabhaṭṭaśaunaka instead of karālabhadraśaunaka). 281 Atrideva (ABI 203). R.C. Choudhury (1992): 342. Gaṇanātha Sena (1924): I, 32. Gulabkunverba I, 146. Jaggi IV, 21. S.K. Mishra (1992): 313. H. Parāḍkar (1939): 17. P.V. Sharma (AVI 155). Ṭoḍara II, Intr. 5. 282 Bower MS I.8: he is a member of a group of sages in the Himālayas, who are interested in medicinal plants. 283 Ad Ca.Ci.26.129–131. 284 Ad Su.U.1.4cd–8ab; 7.46. 285 Ad Ca.Sū.5.49cd–51ab; A.h.U.15.16cd–18ab; 18.15cd. 286 Soḍhalanighaṇṭu, Guṇasaṃgraha 115: mentioned as a source. 287 Ad Mādhavanidāna 59.17; ad Siddhayoga 59.13–14; 60.12–13. 288 Ad Mādhavanidāna 59.17. 289 NCC III, 178. HIM III, 771. Vaṅgasena, karṇaroga 42, is almost identical with a quotation from Karāla (Śivadāsa ad A.h.U.18.15cd; Śrīkaṇṭhadatta ad Siddhayoga 59.13–14), but his name is not mentioned. 290 NCC III, 178. HIM III, 771. 291 Cakrapāṇidatta ad Ca.Ci.26.129–131; Cakrapāṇi gives some details about Karāla's system. 292 Ca.Ci.26.130. Vāgbhaṭa and Śārṅgadhara describe ninety-four eye diseases. 293 Dalhaṇa ad Su.U.1.4cd–8ab and 7.46. 294 Śivadāsasena (ad A.h.U.15.16cd–18ab), Śrīkaṇṭhadatta (ad Mādhavanidāna 59.17) and Vācaspati (ad Mādhavanidāna 59.17) record his view on the aetiology and symptomatology of śuṣkākṣipāka. 295 See Śrīkaṇṭhadatta's quotation (ad Siddhayoga 60.12–13) on the treatment of pratīśyāya. 296 Sūramcandra (1978): I, 243 (repeated by R.C. Choudhury, 1992: 342); it is not clear at all why Sūramcandra, basing himself on A.s.Sū.1.4–12, came to this conclusion. 297 R. Śarmā (1959): 38 and 40. 298 R. Śarmā (1959): 38–40. Sūramcandra (1978): I, 243. Vṛddhatrayī 305. Mahābhārata, Śāntiparvan 302–307 (ed. Poona). Buddhacarita 4.80. The Karāļajanaka of the Buddhacarita is called Karāla Vaideha in the Arthaśāstra (see R. Śarmā, 1959: 39). 299 R. Śarmā (1959): 38–39. See Śāntiparvan 305 (ed. Poona). Compare the references in S. Sörensen (1963: 350, 383). 300 NCC V, 181: Kharanāda, also called Khāranāda and Khāranādī. The last two forms of the name are not attested in Sanskrit medical treatises. 301 Nṛsimhakavi's Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana refers to Kharanāda as ācārya (85, 87), maharṣi (81), muni (111), and munivara (103). 302 More than two hundred different quotations are known. 303 Long quotations are far from rare (see, e.g., the quotations in Candraṭa's commentary ad Cikitsākalikā 16).

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304 See, e.g., Aruṇadatta ad A.h.Ci.1.75–77. 305 The author of the commentary on the *Kharanādasamhitā* employs this name; Aruṇadatta uses it once (ad A.h.Ci.11.43cd–44ab). 306 Hemādri, Keśava and Vopadeva know this form only, which led P.K. Gode (1939a) to the conclusion that authors from Mahārāṣṭra would show a preference for it, whereas those from Bengal would prefer the name Kharanāda (repeated by P.V. Sharma: AVI 154). G. Mukhopadhyaya (HIM III, 763) remarks that Khāraṇādi, quoted by Hemādri, may refer to Kharanāda or to his son. Śrīkaṇṭhadatta, however, who lived in Bengal, refers to Khāraṇādi (Kusumāvalī ad Siddhayoga 1.134 and 6.19cd). Aruṇadatta employs all three forms of the name, although Kharanāda predominates, and Anantakumāra, who was definitely a Southerner, always the author Kharanāda. G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 54) regards Khāraṇādi as Kharanāda's son. However, it is quite clear, as demonstrated by P.K. Gode (1939a), that the different forms of the name indicate one and the same author. Compare, for example, the quotations by Aruṇadatta and Hemādri ad A.h.Sū.5.28cd. 307 M.S. Kaul Shastri (1939). P.K. Gode (1939b). 308 The text of the fragment is reproduced by P.K. Gode (1939b: 101–102). The title of the chapter is closely related to that of Ca.Śā.3: khuḍḍikā garbhāvakrāntiḥ. 309 Ad A.s.Ka.8.17: Indu refers to Bhaṭṭarahariścandra's revision of the *Kharanādasamhitā*. 310 See: Haricandra. 311 See also HIM III, 763–770. 312 Ad Śārṅgadharasamhitā II.9.142–146ab; III.4.12. 313 *Yogaratnasamuccaya* 8.46cd–47, 56–57, 70cd, 86, 108–110ab, 146–149, 165cd–166ab, 175cd–176, 190cd–191ab, 204, 208ab, 216cd–217ab, 322cd–323ab, 358, 395cd, 402cd–403ab, 507cd, 510, 533cd–534ab, 560cd, 621–622, 627cd–629ab, 689cd–690, 699, 705cd, 754, 756, 787cd, 801ab, 898cd–899ab, 934cd–935, 955, 971; 9.205cd–206ab; 11.96cd–97ab, 119–120ab, 135cd, 139cd–141ab; 12.14–15, 68, 76cd–77ab, 78cd–80ab, 89–90ab, 91cd–93ab, 97–98, 112–113ab, 118–123ab, 140–141, 144–145, 172–176, 178cd–184, 189, 196ab, 250–252; 13.35, 51cd, 191, 192–193, 200, 226; 14.57 and 100; 15.7cd–10, 24–27, 33–36, 60–61; 16.228, 258, 270–271, 274–275, 308ab, 317, 391–392, 412, 488cd; 17.55, 99, 103cd–104ab, 143; 18.37–39, 43–46, 148–149, 215–216, 226, 242, 260, 265, 269, 307; 19.42, 56, 248, 262; 20.230, 429–431ab, 445–447. 314 Ad A.h.Sū.5.6–8ab, 23cd, 28cd, 42ab, 42cd–43ab; 6.7cd–8ab, 114cd–115ab, 131cd–133, 149cd, 153cd–157; 8.35cd–38, 45–46ab, 54; 12.71–72; 18.30; 19.7–9ab, 12cd, 76cd–77ab; Ni.2.56ab, 56cd–57 (three quotations), 74cd–76ab; 11.33cd–38; 14.20 and 21cd–22; Ci.1.24cd–26ab, 34cd, 75–77, 174; 3.157–158; 12.43cd–44ab; 17.14cd–16; U. 39.140–141 and 142. The quotations by Aruṇadatta were collected by G. Mukhopadhyaya (HIM III, 764–767). 315 Ad *Paribhāṣāpradīpa* 4.48. 316 *Āyurvedābhdhisāra* 113 and 893. 317 *Bheṣajakalpa* 186cd–187ab. 318 Glosses ad *cikitsā* 1.99 and 724. 319 Ad Ca.Ci.3.74, 137cd–138ab, 160cd–161ab, 216–217; 28.15–19ab; 29.24–29. 320 Ad A.h.Sū.6.115cd–117ab, 131cd–133, 149cd, 153cd–157; Ni.1.9–11 (see footnote in ed. A.h.). 321 Ad *Cikitsākalikā* 16 (four quotations), 82, 283. 322 *Ārogyacintāmaṇi*, *bheṣajakalpa* 102.

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323 Ad *Siddhāntanidāna* 4 and 177. 324 Ad A.h.Sū.1.9ab; 3.1–2, 7cd–8, 17, 18–23ab; 5.6–8ab, 13ab, 20ab, 23cd, 28cd, 42cd–43ab, 43cd, 61ab; 6.5ab, 5cd, 24, 25cd–26ab, 63cd–64ab, 66cd, 69–71 (twice), 75cd–78 (three quotations), 84cd–85ab, 87–88ab, 89cd–98ab, 97cd–98ab, 103d–104c, 115ab, 117cd–118, 131cd–133, 135cd–136ab (twice), 137cd–138, 139, 144cd–145ab (twice), 146cd–147ab, 153cd–157 (twice), 158cd, 161ab; 7.30–31ab, 47, 55cd–56ab, 65; 8.2, 15–16 (twice), 17, 27, 28 (twice), 29–30ab, 45–46ab, 47cd–50 (twice); 9.12cd–13ab; 11.30–33 and 37–39ab. Hemādri's quotations were collected by P.K. Gode (1939a: 50–54). 325 Ad A.h.Sū.29.32cd–33 and Ka.6.14ab; A.s.Sū.1.16–18; Ka.8.17 and *paribhāṣā* (at the end of the commentary on As.Ka.8) 45–46ab, 47ab, 80. 326 Ad Ca.Ci.3.160cd–161ab and 216–217. 327 *Siddhamantra* 5. 328 *Jvaranirṇaya* 4.36–37. 329 Ad *Cakradatta*, *jvara* 20 and 261; *bhagandara* 2. 330 *Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana* 13, 56, 61, 74, 81, 85, 87, 89, 92, 101, 103, 104, 106, 111, 113. 331 *Śārṅgadharasamhitā* II.9.142–146ab. 332 Ad *Cakradatta*, *jvara* 49 (twice) and 261 (twice). 333 *Gadaṇigraha*, *prayogakhaṇḍa*, *ghṛtādhikāra* 102–108ab and 242cd–249ab. 334 Ad A.h.Sū.1.9cd–10 and 19; 3.1–2; 5.18, 23cd, 28cd; 6.64cd, 114cd–115ab, 149cd, 153cd–157; 8.54–55ab (twice); 9.1; 12.69–72; 19.11cd–12ab, 14cd–15, 76cd–77ab; Ni.14.20 and 21. 335 Ad *Mādhavanidāna* 56.38; ad *Siddhayoga* 1.134 and 6.19cd. 336 Ṭodara II: 1.60–61; 2.84 and 203; 4.321–324ab; 7.187; III: 3.247; 4.767 and 1064; VI: 8.32–33; IX: 1.192–193. 337 Ad *Mādhavanidāna* 2.34–36ab. 338 Ad *Mādhavanidāna* 2.34–36ab and 61cd–65. 339 Ad *Siddhamantra* 5 (several times). G. Mukhopadhyaya (HIM III, 768) adds Vaṅgasena to the above list. 340 NCC V, 181. 341 *Yogaratnasamuccaya* 16.669–672 (a recipe). 342 R. Mitra's *Notices* VIII, Nr. 2633; this MS probably contains a version of the *Hāritasamhita*. 343 He is mentioned in a list of twenty-four medical authorities (title: *draṅ-sroṅ chen-poḥi miṅ* = Sanskrit *Maharṣiṇāmāni*) in the Sanskrit-Tibetan dictionary called *Bye-brag-tu rtogs-par byed-pa* or *Mahāvyutpatti*; Kharanāda's name in this list is *Sgra-drag-gi bu* or Kharanādin. See P. Cordier (1903a): 618–619; A. Csoma de Kőrös (1980): I, 22. Compare I.P. Minaev (1992): 51 (176.12: Khāraṇādi). 344 Subjects covered by the quotations are general principles of medicine, *dravyaguṇa*, aetiology and symptomatology of diseases, treatment, and *pañcakarman*. 345 Bhagwan Dash and Lalitesh Kashyap (1980b: Intr. 4). Gaṇanātha Sena (1924): 21. Gulabkunverba I, 145. Jaggi IV, 20. S.K. Mishra (1992): 313. H. Parāḍkar (1939): 16. Śrīdāsapaṇḍita (ad A.h.Sū.19.14cd–15) considers the *Kharanādasamhitā*, revised by Haricandra, to be a work on *kāyacikitsā*. 346 The *Kharanādasamhitā* also dealt with surgical subjects; it contained, for example, a chapter on *sadyovraṇacikitsā* (see Ṭodara II: 4.321–324 ab).

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347 The order of the first five sections of the *Kharanādasamhitā* was, according to Nṛsimhakavi’s *Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana* (81): Sūtra-, Nidāna-, Vimāna-, Śārīra-, Indriyasthāna. Hemādri (ad A.h.Sū.8.28) refers to its Vimānasthāna, Nṛsimhakavi (*Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana* 81) to the garbhāvakrāntiya chapter of the Śārīrasthāna, as well as to a separate chapter on the constitutions (prakṛtyadhyāya; see *Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana* 89). The *Kharanādasamhitā* may have been composed in the form of a dialogue between Kharanāda and Punarvasu (see *Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana* 61).

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348 Kharanāda’s treatise discussed, like the *Suśrutasamhitā*, the piercing of the earlobes (karṇavedhana; see *Vāgbhaṭamaṇḍana* 74).

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350 As indicated by Indu (*Śaśilekhā* ad A.s.Ka.8.17; compare Indu’s paribhāṣā 45–47 at the end of his commentary on A.s.Ka.8), if his statement applies, as usually assumed (see, e.g., Sūramcandra, 1978: 230–232), to Haricandra’s version in general and not to a particular rule only.

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353 Agreements: see, e.g., Aruṇadatta ad A.h.U.39.140–141, Cakrapāṇidatta ad Ca.Ci.3.16–217, Hemādri ad A.h.Sū.3.1–2. Disagreements: see, e.g., Cakrapāṇidatta ad Ca.Ci.29.24–29 and Hemādri ad A.h.Sū.5.20ab.

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357 Anantakumāra’s *Yogaratnasamuccaya* 8.699.

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358 Examples are avatamsana (see Cakrapāṇidatta ad Ca.Ci.28.15–19ab) and kālākṣepa (see Candranandana ad A.h.Sū.1.9–11).

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359 Hemādri ad A.h.Sū.1.9ab (see G.R.R. Chakravarthy, 1990: 79–80).

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364 Ṭoḍara II: 2.203.

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365 Kharanāda does not accept saṃtata as a viṣamajvara; see Cakrapāṇidatta ad Ca.Ci.3.74, Nārāyaṇa’s *Jvaranirṇaya* 4.37, Vijayarakṣita ad *Mādhavanidāna* 2.34–36ab.

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370 One of Hemādri’s remarks (ad A.h.Sū.9.12cd–13ab: on the guṇas regarded as vīryas) implies that Vāgbhaṭa refers to Kharanāda; another remark by the same commentator (ad A.h.Sū.6.75cd–78: on avalguja and eḍagaja) may point to the anteriority of the *Kharanādasamhitā* to the *Aṣṭāngasaṃgraha*; Vāgbhaṭa may have been influenced by Kharanāda since Anantakumāra’s *Yogaratnasamuccaya* contains a verse (14.57) said to be common to Kharanāda and Vāgbhaṭa; Keśava compares Kharanāda’s views with those found in Caraka and Suśruta, never mentioning Vāgbhaṭa.

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371 P.V. Sharma (AVI 154) claims that Kharanāda is earlier than Dṛḍhabala, because the latter

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mentions him (Ca.Ci.28.66 is referred to, where, however, no trace of Kharanāda can be found).

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372 M.S. Kaul Shastri (1939).

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374 Quoted in the auto-commentary ad *Siddhāntanidāna* 4.198.

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376 *Jvaranirṇaya* (4.166).

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377 Ad *Cakradatta*, grahaṇī 16–19; svarabheda 6; vraṇasotha 98 and 99; nāḍīvraṇa 16; śūkadoṣa 9; kuṣṭha 1, 2, 25, 28, 88–90, 131–133, 144–147, 149; mukharoga 9.

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379 P.V. Sharma (1993): Introduction 54.

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380 Gaṅgādhara quotes Vijayarakṣita.

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381 Gaṇanāthasena claims that pādas ab and ef of the verse are from Hārīta, and pādas cd from the *Nāgabhartṛtantra*.

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386 Editions a and b of the *Bhelasamhitā* read Nagnajit, but ed. c has Nagnajit. Editions a and b call him svarṇamārgada, which made G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 10) regard him as a founder of rasaśāstra; ed. c reads svargamārgada (see on these readings: R. Śāstrī, 1977: 404–405). P.V. Sharma (1992a: 91) assumes that Nagnajit was Bhela’s patron.

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388 Jyotir Mitra, 1985: 216. G.P. Malalasekera (1983): II, 7. Nagnajit is mentioned as Naggaji, king of Takkasilā, in the *Kumbhakāra-Jātaka* (Nr. 408), but without any reference to toxicology.

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392 Hemarājaśarman 12. Vṛddhatrayī 8 and 10 (regarded as identical with Nagnajit and as a founder of rasaśāstra).

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393 *Aitareyabrāhmaṇa* 7.34 (A.B. Keith, 1971: 318): Nagnajit and some other kings receive instructions from the sages Parvata and Nārada regarding a substitute for the Soma juice (see J.N. Banerjea, 1956: 14).

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394 *Śatapathabrāhmaṇa* 8.1.4.10: Nagnajit’s opinion on the construction of an altar is quoted.

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396 Hopkins. R. Śarmā 41–47. A.M. Shastri (1991): 92. S. Sörensen (1963).

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³⁹⁷ *Matsyapurāṇa* II.115.1–4. See Vettam Mani 515 on Nagnajit in the Purāṇas.

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³⁹⁸ *Bṛhatsamhitā* 57.4 and 15.

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³⁹⁹ See A.M. Shastri (1969): 415, 418, 457–458 (1996): II, 454. Bhaṭṭotpala refers to three works by Nagnajit, called *Citralakṣaṇa* (ad *Bṛhatsamhitā* 45.23), *Prāsādalakṣaṇa* (ad 55.31), and *Pratimālakṣaṇa* (ad 57.4 and 15). Compare NCC IX, 321; CESS A 3, 128. The

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Citralakṣaṇa, also known as Nagnajitcitralakṣaṇa or Nagnavrata, was translated into Tibetan; it was edited and translated into German by Berthold Laufer (1913); English version by B.N. Goswamy and A.L. Dahmen-Dallapiccola, 1976). See on problems connected with the Tibetan text: A.M. Shastri (1962). See on the Citralakṣaṇa: K.R. van Kooij (1997); A.M. Shastri (1991): 91–99.

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401 R. Śarmā (1959): 44. R. Śāstrī (1977): 404. Sūramcandra (1978): I, 279–280. S.V. Sharma (1963: 229) accepts the identity. Hemarājaśarman (upodghāta 50–51) is doubtful.

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403 G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 186) regards Pārvataka as a Buddhist.

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405 Hemarājaśarman 12. Vṛddhatrayī 8–9.

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407 Atrideva (ABI 203). R.C. Choudhury (1992): 343. Gaṇanātha Sena (1924): 343. Gaṇanātha Sena (1924): I, 30. Gulabkunverba I, 146. Jaggi IV, 21. S.K. Mishra (1992): 313. H. Parāḍkar (1939): 17. P.V. Sharma (AVI 155). Ṭoḍara II, Intr. 5.

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410 Ad Mādhavanidāna 59.47–48ab (twice), 94, 95; 60.11–13. G. Mukhopadhyaya (HIM III, 777) reproduces a quotation from Sātyaki on śirāhkampa in the Madhukośa (ad Mādhavanidāna 60.11–13) that I could not find in the editions consulted (compare Dalhaṇa ad Su.U.25.13cd–15ab).

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412 P. Cordier (1901d: 171, note 1) calls him an ophthalmologist, which does no justice to the field covered by śālākya.

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413 Cakrapāṇidatta ad Ca.Ci.26.129–131; Sātyaki's number is not accepted by later authorities.

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415 Dalhaṇa ad Su.U.25.13cd–15ab.

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416 A.h.U.23.15cd; A.s.U.27.15.

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417 Śārṅgadharasaṃhitā I.7.151ab.

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418 Dalhaṇa ad Su.U.21.9–10.

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419 Hopkins. R. Śāstrī 39. S. Sörensen (1963): 627–629. Sūramcandra I, 252.

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425 Quoted in his Prayogāmṛta, according to CC I, 725.

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429 G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 56) places him in the twelfth century. B. Tripāṭhī, who regards him as a commentator on the Carakasaṃhitā, assigns him to the thirteenth century (bhūmikā, 21, to his ed. of the Carakasaṃhitā).

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431 See on authors called Vyāḍi: ABI 399–400; S. Ārya (1984): 32–33; Sūramcandra I, 283–284; Vṛddhatrayī 342–343; D. Wujastyk (1986): 1–27, (1993): II, XIV–XXIV. Bhudeb Mookerjee (Rasajalanidhi, Intr. to volume V, XXVIII) and G. Mukhopadhyaya (HIM III, 758–759) regard the alchemist Vyāḍi as identical with the grammarian of that name.

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433 Ṭoḍara III: 3.249: a stanza about the treatment of irregular fevers.

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437 Śivadatta's quotations. See on Vyāḍi's lexicon: R. Birwé (1965) and (1967); C. Vogel, IL 306–308; A. Wezler (1969): 23; D. Wujastyk (1993): II, XVIII–XIX.

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438 Kāśīrāma's quotation. See on Vyāḍi as a grammarian: A. Wezler (1969): 19–23; D. Wujastyk (1986), (1993).

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440 Gaṇanātha Sena (1924): I, 37. Jaggi IV, 21. H. Parāḍkar (1939): 18. G. Hāldār (Vṛddhatrayī 458) credits him with a Bhaisajyatattva and places him in the seventh or eighth century. Some ascribe a rasatantra to Vyāḍi (Gulabkunverba I, 146).

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441 P.V. Sharma (1992a): 292.

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443 Rasaratnākara, Vādikhaṇḍa 1.66; his name is Vyālācārya in this work.

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444 Rasaratnasamuccaya 1.3: Vyāḍi; 6.51: Vyālācārya.

v2.c38.128

445 Rasataraṅgiṇī 1.29–32.

v2.c38.129

446 Sarvadarśanasaṃgraha 9.8: mentioned in a quotation from the Raseśvarasiddhānta.

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447 Garuḍapurāṇa 69.35–37.

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448 Quoted in his *prastāvanā to Samudragupta's Kṛṣṇacarita (see ABI 399; S. Ārya, 1984: 33; Sūramcandra I, 283–284).

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449 Puruṣottama's Trikāṇḍaśeṣa 2.7.24. See D. Wujastyk (1986): 11.

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451 E.C. Sachau (1964): 189–191. See also: J. Filliozat (1951); M. Levey (1961).

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452 J. Naudou (1968): 81.

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453 A. Grünwedel (1970): 116–118, 177–178.

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454 M. Eliade (1960); 280. A. Grünwedel (1916): 221–222. J.B. Robinson (1979): 256–258, 306.

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456 Bhagwan Dash (1976): 13. J. Filliozat in L. Renou et J. Filliozat (1953): 169. M.L. Walter (1980): 8.

v2.c38.138

⁴⁵⁷ Bhagwan Dash (1976): 13. P. Cordier (1903a): 617: translated by Narendrabhadra (Mi-dbaṅ bzaṅ-po), assisted by Ratnaśrī (Rin-chen dpal). J. Filliozat (in L. Renou et J. Filliozat, 1953: 169) claims that this work is lost. It is sometimes ascribed to Nāgārjuna (M. Taube, 1981: 16).

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⁴⁵⁸ J. Filliozat (in L. Renou et J. Filliozat, 1953: II, 169). This is an anonymous treatise according to P. Cordier (1903a: 616).

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⁴⁵⁹ AVI 458.

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