佛祖統紀 32.29

32.29

There are three kinds of hells: first, hot; second, cold; third, peripheral. The hot hells are eight: First is called Sañjīva (Reviving). Iron claws grow on the hands of the sinners, and they claw each other until their flesh falls off. Or the hell wardens call out 'Live!', or a cold wind blows to revive them. Although the two conditions differ, they revive equally. Having endured this suffering, the person proceeds to the Hell of Black Sand and up to the Hell of Boiling Excrement, and sequentially to the Hell of Cold Ice, after which their life ends. One falls into this hell due to having committed unwholesome karma of body, speech, and mind. Each great hell has sixteen small hells surrounding it (namely the sixteen additional excursions in the *Vibhāṣā Śāstra*). Second is called Kālasūtra (Black Rope). Iron cords are heated to measure and mark their limbs, after which they are hacked and sawn. Having endured suffering for a long time, they proceed to the Hell of Black Sand and up to the Hell of Cold Ice, after which their life ends. The suffering endured is heavier by comparison with the former. One falls into this hell due to ill intent toward parents and śrāvakas. Third is called Saṃghāta (Crushing). Numerous implements of suffering, blazing fiercely hot, converge to torment them (the remaining sense follows the former). One falls into this hell due to committing the three evil karmas. Fourth is called Raurava (Crying). The hell wardens seize the sinners and cast them into iron caldrons, where they boil and wail. One falls into this hell due to cherishing anger and malice. Fifth is called Mahāraurava (Great Crying). Placed in iron caldrons, they wail and shriek loudly. One falls into this hell due to practicing wrong views and evil deeds. Sixth is called Tapana (Heating). Placed in an iron city, they are scorched and rotten with blazing fire. One falls into this hell due to burning and roasting sentient beings. [Seventh is called Pratāpana (Great Heating).] Eighth is called Avīci (Uninterrupted; Sanskrit *Abhī* or *Avī*). The hell wardens seize the sinners, strip their skins, wrap their bodies, and place them upon fiery carts. Ten thousand afflictions arrive simultaneously, and there is no moment without suffering. One falls into this hell due to extremely heavy sins (the ten unwholesome deeds and five heinous transgressions. The above draws from the text of the *Dīrghāgama*). These eight hells are situated beneath Jambudvīpa, stacked one upon another, where denizens endure burning torment. The first two have overseers; the next three have few overseers; the last three have no overseers. Second, the cold hells are eight: First is called Arbuda (Blister). Pressed by the bitter cold, tiny blisters form on the flesh. Second is called Nirarbuda (Bursting Blister). Blown by freezing wind, the entire body blisters. These two receive their names from bodily signs. Third is called Aṭaṭa. Unable to move the lips, the tongue makes this sound. Fourth is called Hahava. Unable to move the tongue, the lips make this sound. Fifth is called Huhuva. The breath trembles within the throat to make this sound. These three receive their names from sounds. Sixth is called Utpala (Blue Lotus). The flesh cracks into fine fissures like this flower. Seventh is called Padma (Red Lotus). The flesh cracks into large fissures like this flower opening. Eighth is called Puṇḍarīka (White Lotus). Their bones split open like this flower blooming. These three receive their names from the appearance of the sores. These eight hells are at the base of Mount Cakravāḍa, where denizens dwell facing upward, suffering freezing cold. Third, the peripheral hells are three: among mountains, amid waters, and in wildernesses, where they endure separate karmic retribution. These should be a mixture of cold and heat (*Tridharmaka Śāstra*; the character *fu* [caldon] has the fanqie pronunciation *fang-you*, meaning a large cauldron).