一切經音義 75
English (machine translation) 75
- Language
- English
75.1
Compiled by the Translation Śramaṇa Huilin
75.2
Sounds of the Daodi jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Xiuxing daodi jing, 6 fascicles — Huilin;
Baiyu jing, 4 fascicles — Xuanying;
Pusa benyuan jing, 3 fascicles — Xuanying;
Dasheng xiuxing zhuyaoji, 3 fascicles — not yet done;
Fufazang zhuan, 6 fascicles — Xuanying;
Zuochan sanmei jing, 3 fascicles — Huilin;
Foyi jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying;
Weiyue zanan jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Foban nihuan mohejiaye fufo jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Pusa he seyu jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying;
Sipin xuefa jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Fo ru niepan jingang lishi ailian jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Jiazhanyan shuo mojin ji jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying;
Fo zhishen jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Fo zhiyi jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Wumen chanyao jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Damoduoluo chan jing, 2 fascicles — Xuanying;
Chanfa yaojie jing, 2 fascicles — Xuanying;
Jiu za piyu jing, 2 fascicles — Xuanying;
Za piyu jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying;
Ahan koujie shi'er yinyuan jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Siwei yaolüe jing, 1 fascicle — Xuanying;
Neishen guan zhangju jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Faguan jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Chanyao heyu jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Shi'er you jing, 1 fascicle — none;
Ayuwang piyu jing, 1 fascicle — Huilin;
Zabaozang jing, 8 fascicles — Xuanying;
Naxian biqiu jing, 3 fascicles — Xuanying;
Piyu jing, 10 fascicles — not yet glossed;
Za piyu jing, 2 fascicles — Huilin;
Za piyu jing, 1 fascicle.
The sounds of the above 33 scriptures in 74 fascicles are included in this fascicle.
75.3
Daodi jing, 1 Fascicle
75.4
Compiled by the Śramaṇa Huilin
75.5
Pressing the nectar [笮甘露] (the first character 笮 is an erroneous writing in the sūtra text; it is suspected to be the ancient character for "heaven" [天]. Let the wise consider this carefully; 笮 yields no sense).
75.6
Frivolous joy [僄樂] (the first character is pronounced *pi* + *miao* [piào]. The *Fangyan* states: 'Piao means light.' In the region of Jing and Chu, lightness is called *piao*. The sūtra text erroneously wrote it as 𭀅, combining "person" [人] and "music" [樂]. The ancient character for *piao* took "person" [人], "fontanel" [囟], and "fire" [火] to make 𠑎; copyists did not recognise it and simply wrote it with *piao* [票], which is a severe mistake. The *Shuowen* states: 'Piao means light; it takes "person" [人] as semantic classifier and has *piao* [票] as phonetic component.' Nowadays, popular script alters the "fire" [火] to "small" [小]).
75.7
Cannot be grasped [不可擭] (pronounced *wu* + *guo* [huò]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'To seize and take with the hand is huò; it takes "hand" [手] as semantic classifier and has *huo* [蒦] as phonetic component.' In the sūtra text it is written simply as 蒦, which is also acceptable; it is derived from 雈, pronounced *wan*, and from 又, the ancient character for "hand").
75.8
Woodpecker [啄木] (the first character is pronounced *zhuo* [zhuó]. The *Shuowen* states: 'A bird eating; it takes "mouth" [口] as semantic classifier and has 豕 as phonetic component.' 豕 is pronounced *chou* + *lu* [zhì]).
75.9
Horse whip and tall steed [枚䭷] (the first character is pronounced *mei* + *bei* [méi]. Du [Yu]'s commentary on the *Zuozhuan* states: 'Mei means a horse whip.' The second character is pronounced *mao* [máo]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'Mao means a horse that is swift and tall.' The *Shuowen* notes it is a phono-semantic character. *Jun* [駿] is pronounced *[han]* + *dong* [jùn]).
75.10
Hold a counting tally [持籌] (pronounced *chang* + *liu* [chóu]. The *Shuowen* states: 'Chou means suan [tally/calculation]; it takes "bamboo" [竹] as semantic classifier and has *shou* [壽] as phonetic component.' In the sūtra text it is written with 奇 as 𥯽, which is an erroneous writing).
75.11
Make a pillow [作枕] (pronounced *zhi* + *ren* [zhěn]. The *Shuowen* states: 'A head-prop for sleeping; it takes "wood" [木] as semantic classifier and has *chen* [冘] as phonetic component.' *Chen* [冘] is pronounced *yin* [yín]; it is composed of 冂 and 人).
75.12
Carrying a dead person on the shoulder [擔𣦸人] (pronounced *duo* + *gan* [dān]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'Dan means to bear on the shoulder; it takes "hand" [手] as semantic classifier and has *zhan* [詹] as phonetic component').
75.13
Clean the privy [除圂] (pronounced *hun* + *kun* [hùn]. The *Shuowen* states: 'A toilet; it takes 囗 as semantic classifier—囗 is pronounced *wei*—with a pig [豕] inside').
75.14
Toad [蟇子] (pronounced *ma* + *ba* [má]. Xiama is the name of an aquatic creature. The *Shuowen* states: 'It takes "insect" [虫] as semantic classifier and has *mo* [莫] as phonetic component.' It is also written as 蟆).
75.15
Bared and naked [袒裸] (the first character is pronounced *tang* + *lan* [tǎn]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'An upper-shoulder garment.' The *Zuozhuan* mentions 'flesh bared' [肉袒]. The *Liji* states: 'When toiling, do not bare the body.' Zheng Xuan says: 'It means uncovering the left shoulder.' The *Shuowen* states that written with 亶 and 肉 it is 膻, glossed also as baring the body. Here we follow the *Tongsuwen* in using the classifier for "clothing" [衣]. The second character is pronounced *lang* + *guo* [luǒ]. The *Wenzi dianshuo* writes it with "person" [人] as 倮, meaning to strip off clothes and expose the body. In popular pronunciation it is *hua* + *wa* [huà]. It is also written with "body" [身] as 躶; the pronunciation is the same, and both are phono-semantic characters. In the sūtra both characters are written with 月 and 旦 as 胆腂, which do not form valid characters. In copying the canon, they should properly be corrected to the orthodox forms as explained above).
75.16
Long nails [長抓] (pronounced *zhuang* + *jiao* [zhuǎ]. Also written as 爪, a pictograph. In the sūtra text it is written with "hand" [手] as 扴, which is incorrect. 扴 is pronounced *jia* [jiá], which does not suit the sūtra's meaning).
75.17
Licking the sideburns and hair [狧鬢髮] (*shi* [狧] is pronounced *shi* + *er* [shì], the ancient character for *shi* [舐, to lick]. The following character *bin* [鬢] is pronounced *bi* + *chou* [bìn]. The *Shuowen* states: 'Hair between the cheek and ear; it takes "long hair" [髟] as semantic classifier and has *bin* [賓] as phonetic component.' In the sūtra it is written with "head" [頁] as 䰅, which is an error. The last character *fa* [髮] is pronounced *fan* + *wa* [fà]. The *Wenzi jilüe* states: 'Head hair.' The *Wenzi dianshuo* states: 'Hair upon the head; it takes "long hair" [髟] as semantic classifier and has *ba* [犮] as phonetic component.' *Ba* [犮] is pronounced *pan* + *mo* [bá]).
75.18
Jian leaves [菅葉] (the first character is pronounced *jian* [jiān]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'Jian grass is a kind of cogongrass; its leaves are like knife blades. It takes "grass" [艹] as semantic classifier and has *guan* [官] as phonetic component').
75.19
Without any ground-melons [無有蓏] (pronounced *lang* + *guo* [luǒ]. The *Zishu* states: 'Herbaceous fruits.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Those on trees are called guo [fruits]; those on the ground are called luo [melons/gourds]. It takes "grass" [艹] as semantic classifier, juxtaposing two 瓜 to form 㼌.' *Yu* [㼌] is pronounced *yu* [yǔ]).
75.20
Lush rush [芬菼] (pronounced *ta* + *gan* [tǎn]. The commentary on the *Mao Shi* says: 'Tan means reed [芤-子+(止/肉)].' It also says: 'The robes of coarse wool were like lush rushes.' It takes "grass" [艹] and "flame" [炎]; it is a phono-semantic character. The *Erya* states: 'Tan is a blue-white rush').
75.21
Precipitous crags [嶄巖] (the first character is pronounced *chao* + *xian* [zhǎn]. The *Mao Shi* says: 'Zhanzhan denotes the towering and precipitous appearance of mountain rocks.' It is also written as 巉, 𥕌, or 磛; all three forms are popular characters and are used interchangeably. The second character is pronounced *ya* + *xian* [yán]. The commentary on the *Mao Shi* says: 'Yanyan denotes the appearance of heaped boulders.' Du [Yu]'s commentary on the *Zuozhuan* states: 'Yan means perilous.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Yan means precipice; it takes "mountain" [山] as semantic classifier and has *yan* [嚴] as phonetic component.' It is sometimes written with "stone" [石] as 礹, which is a popular character. In ancient script it is written with 品 as 嵒, used interchangeably).
75.22
A bird snatching [鳥𢬁] (pronounced *tuan* + *huo* [tuó]; its meaning is the same as *duo* [奪, to snatch]. The *Kaosheng* writes it with 支 as 敓; *duo* is like taking by force; it takes "hand" [手] as semantic classifier and has *dui* [兌] as phonetic component. The *Zhengzi bian* says: '𢬁 means to release, to escape.' Later in the sūtra text, 'a bird treading and escaping' [鳥蹹挩] follows this pronunciation. *Ta* [蹹] is pronounced *tan* + *he* [tà]).
75.23
Enter the cage [入檻] (pronounced *xian* + *an* [jiàn]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'A large pen; a cage; it takes "wood" [木] as semantic classifier and has *jian* [監] as phonetic component').
75.24
Four torrents [四激] (pronounced *jiao* [jiào]. The *Zishu* states: 'A rapid rush of water').
75.25
Fanzhi [反支] (these two characters, as well as terms in later sūtra passages like *xueji* [blood taboo] and *loushi* [piercing leakage], are all names of inauspicious days in yin-yang and numerological systems; the translators cited them as metaphors to make clear the profound meaning of the sūtra).
75.26
Scrape and brush [刮刷] (the first character is pronounced *guan* + *huo* [guā]. The *Tongsuwen* states: 'A transverse blade is called gua.' The second character is pronounced *shuan* + *gua* [shuà]. The *Zishu* states: 'Shua also means to scrape; it takes "knife" [刀] as semantic classifier and has an abbreviated *shua* [㕞] as phonetic component.' *Huo* [佸] is pronounced *wan* + *hua* [huó]. *Shuan* [栓] is pronounced *shu* + *jue* [shuān]; it is composed of "wood" [木] and "complete" [全]).
75.27
See a small basin [見甌] (pronounced *a* + *hou* [ōu]. The *Fangyan* states: 'A small basin is called an ou; it is a phono-semantic character.' Currently in the text passed down in the canon it is written with "country" [國] as 爴, which must be a long-standing error of copyists, making no sense at all; it should properly be 甌).
75.28
Alarmed and scurrying [䟊驚] (the first character is pronounced *qu* + *yu* [qù]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'To run while holding something is called qu.' The *Yunquan* states: 'Suddenly.' The *Zishu* states: 'To be terrified; a relay-station carriage').
75.29
Dark facial spots [䵴䵟] (the first character is pronounced *ceng* + *gen* [cèng]; the second is pronounced *yu* + *lan* [yǎn]. It is also written as 䵟䵴, or with "skin" [皮] as 皯, or with 曾 as [曾*干]. The *Wenzi jilüe* states: 'A disease of dark facial spots.' In old translations of the sūtra it is written as 咤幹, which makes no sense at all; either the sūtra copyists made a mistake, or the translator used obscure characters. Here it is amended for now to 䵟䵴; let the wise examine it further).
75.30
Clamorous tongue [嚾舌] (pronounced *xiong* + *yuan* [huān]. It is also suspected that this character is not correct, especially as it does not read smoothly in the context).
75.31
Lying back-to-back [偕臥] (pronounced *pei* + *mei* [bèi]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'Turning the face outward.' Also written as 背, which is the same).
75.32
Pus and blood [膿血] (pronounced *nu* + *dong* [nóng]. The *Shenglei* states: 'Ruptured blood from boils and ulcers.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Swelling blood; it takes "blood" [血] as semantic classifier and has an abbreviated *nong* [䢉] as phonetic component.' In the sūtra text it is written as 盥, which is an archaic character).
75.33
Obstructed by pondweed [𣝆藻] (the first character is pronounced *wo* + *gai* [ài]. The *Wenzi dianshuo* states: 'To obstruct and stop; it takes "wood" [木] as semantic classifier and has *yi* [疑] as phonetic component.' Nowadays in popular usage it is written with "stone" [石] as 礙, or with "mind" [心] as 𢣕, which are also acceptable. The second character is pronounced *zao* + *lao* [zǎo]. The commentary on the *Mao Shi* says: 'A trailing aquatic plant.' Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the *Shangshu* states: 'An aquatic plant with patterns.' The *Han Shi* says: 'That which floats is called zao; that which is submerged is called ping; both are patterned water plants where fish and turtles hide.' The *Shuowen* omits it and gives no explanation).
75.34
Indignant and sighing [忼愾] (the first character is pronounced *kang* + *lang* [kǎng]; the second is pronounced *kang* + *gai* [kài]. The *Jixun* states: 'Kangkai describes a vigorous man who cannot achieve his ambitions.' Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the *Mao Shi* says: 'To sigh deeply.' The *Guangya* states: 'To be grieved and frustrated.' It is also written as 慷慨. The *Shuowen* states: 'Both take "heart" [心] as semantic classifier and are phono-semantic characters').
75.35
Saliva and nasal mucus [㳄洟] (the first character is pronounced *xiang* + *yan* [xián]. The *Jixun* states: 'Oral fluid; it takes "water" [水] and *qian* [欠].' In the sūtra it is written with 羊 as 羡, which is incorrect. The second character is pronounced *yi* [tì]. The *Shuowen* gives the pronunciation *tian* + *ji* [tì]; the *Kaosheng* doubts this and considers it might not be right).
75.36
Rushing wind [䟊風] (pronounced *qu* + *yu* [qù]; explained above. Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the *Guoyu* states: 'Swift and rapid.' The *Shuowen* states: 'It takes "walk" [走] as semantic classifier and has *qu* [豦] as phonetic component.' In the sūtra it is written with "grass" [艹], which is incorrect).
75.37
Needle-pricking wind [鍼風] (the first character is pronounced *zhang* + *ren* [zhēn]. In popular usage it is written with "ten" [十] as 針, or with "bamboo" [竹] as 箴. The *Shuowen* states: 'An implement for mending clothes.' All three forms are phono-semantic characters. The *Shenglei* states: 'Needling and pricking.' When the sūtra refers to 'needle-pricking wind,' it means that when a person is about to die, a transformed internal wind arises and moves through the body, feeling like needles pricking the flesh, causing severe pain and suffering).
75.38
Marrow and marrow-fluid [髓䯜] (the first character is pronounced *sui* + *chai* [suǐ]. The *Shuowen* states: 'The fat inside the bones; it takes "bone" [骨] as semantic classifier and has an abbreviated *sui* [隨] as phonetic component.' The second character is pronounced *tian* + *yi* [tì]. The *Yunquan* states: 'Ti is the yellow fluid between the bones.' This means that when a person is on the verge of death, the marrow turns into ti, and yellow fluid flows out. It is also a phono-semantic character).
75.39
Knees and ribs [膝脇] (the first character is pronounced *xin* + *qi* [xī]; the second is pronounced *xiang* + *ye* [xié]. They have been explained several times in previous sound-and-meaning glossaries; both are phono-semantic characters).
75.40
Blocked and astringent [塞澀] (pronounced *can* + *ji* [sè]. The *Shuowen* states: 'Not smooth; it takes "water" [水] and four "footprints/stops" [止]; the upper two 止 are written inverted and the lower two 止 are upright, which conveys the meaning of roughness/astringency.' It is an associative compound. In the sūtra text it is written with "person" [人] and three 止, which is incorrect and does not form a valid character; it is a copyist's error).
75.41
Bones and skeleton [骨骼] (pronounced *geng* + *e* [gé]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'Dry bones.' *Can* [㱛] is pronounced *lin* + *jiu* [cán]).
75.42
Twitch and tremble [掣振] (pronounced *chen* + *re* [chè]).
75.43
Like an extinguished lamp [如燈滅] (the first character is pronounced *deng* [dēng]. It is also written with "fire" [火] as 燈, a popular character in common circulation. The *Shuowen* states: 'Ding [錠]; ding is deng [lamp]. One without feet is called deng [鐙]; one with feet is called ding [錠].' It is sometimes written with 廾 as [登-(前-刖)+廾], or with "earthenware" [瓦] as 㽅; these are all ancient characters).
75.44
生腫 ("producing swelling": [腫 is] fanqie 鍾勇 [zhǒng]. The sūtra text written with the bone radical as [(骨-┌+人)*重] is incorrect. In the sense of the sūtra it does not form a proper character; in meaning it should be the character 腫. It is suspected to be a scribal error).
75.45
如熟烏麮 ("like cooked wheat porridge": [麮 is] fanqie 丘舉 [qǔ]. The Cangjie pian says: 'Boiling wheat gruel is called 麮.' It takes the wheat radical 麥 and 去 as phonetic. The character 麥 is derived from 來 above and 夂 below; 夂 is pronounced 雖).
75.46
五埵 ("five protuberances": fanqie 當果 [duǒ]. The vital essence within the womb naturally divides and gathers into five places, which are called 埵, or called the five vesicles. The sūtra text written with the flesh radical as 腄 is incorrect. The standard form has the earth radical 土 with 垂 as phonetic; it is also written as 朵 or 垛, which are both ancient scripts and standard forms, not much used in modern times).
75.47
兩臏 ("both kneecaps": fanqie 頻泯 [bìn]. The Kaosheng says: 'The knee bone.' It has the flesh radical with 賓 as phonetic. Written with the bone radical as 𩪯 is also acceptable).
75.48
著喉 ("attached to the throat": the first character is fanqie 長略 [zhuó]. The Shuowen jiezi has it with the grass radical above and 者. The sūtra text writing it with two dots below as 著 is a cursive and vulgar character. The following text conforms to this. 喉 is pronounced 猴 [hóu], meaning the pharynx and throat).
75.49
著脛 ("attached to the shins": [脛 is] fanqie 形定 [xìng/jìng]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The lower leg (胻); the shinbone of the leg.' It has the flesh radical with 巠 as phonetic).
75.50
碨𥗬 ("piled up stones / clustered bones": the first character is fanqie 烏賄 [wěi], pronounced in the rising tone; the second is fanqie 雷猥 [lěi]. The Kaosheng says: '[石*(田/一/(衣-〦))]𥗬 is the appearance of a mass of bones gathered together.' The sūtra text writing [石*(田/一/(衣-〦))] with the ghost radical as 磈𥗬 is an error. It is also written as 礧 or 𤳳, both being ancient characters).
75.51
受痱 ("suffering from paralysis": pronounced 肥 [féi]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A wind disease.' It takes the disease radical 疒; 疒 is fanqie 女戹 [nè]; 非 is phonetic).
75.52
俳掣 ("spasms": the first character is fanqie 敗埋 [pái]; the second is fanqie 昌熱 [chè]. It is the onset of a wind affliction).
75.53
䁾戾 ("bleary-eyed and crooked": the first character is fanqie 眠苾 [mì]. The Lüshi chunqiu says: 'Making them bleary-eyed and making them blind.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Eye-gum.' It is a phono-semantic character. The second character is fanqie 蓮結 [liè]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 戶 (door) and 犬 (dog); an associative compound character.' In the sūtra text it is written with the eye radical as 睙, which is incorrect).
75.54
或𨉝 ("or gouging out": this character is found in none of the character dictionaries. According to the meaning, it should be the character 剜 [wān], fanqie 烏桓. The reason it is written with the body radical 身 is unclear).
75.55
或魋 ("or hernia": fanqie 徒雷 [tuí]. The translators used this mistakenly: written with the ghost radical and 隹, it is the name of a beast and completely contrary to the sūtra's meaning. Correctly it should be written with the head radical 頁 as 䫋. 䫋 is an ailment of the lower abdomen, also called prolapse disease or downward-sinking affliction).
75.56
尻血 ("blood from the buttocks": fanqie 可高 [kāo]. The Yunquan says: '尻 is the inside of the buttocks').
75.57
邪鬼[魅-未+矢] ("evil demon [魅-未+矢]": fanqie 恥利 [chì]. Guo Pu's commentary on the Shanhaijing says: 'Divine prodigies are [魅-未+矢] and 魅.' Vulgar pronunciation calls the 魅 ghost with the fanqie 丑栗 [chì], which is an erroneous phonetic shift. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A fierce demon.' The sūtra text also writes it as 𩲶 or [魅-未+矣], both of which are commonly used).
75.58
𮫫鬾 ("dwarf demon": the first character is pronounced 蜀 [shǔ]; the second is pronounced 其 [qí], and also fanqie 渠寄 [jì]. The Jingyiji says: '𮫫鬾 are short, dwarfish little ghosts, of the category of tyrannical and pestilential spirits').
75.59
鬽魖 ("demons and wasting spirits": the first character is fanqie 眉被 [mèi], or written with 未 as 魅. Considering the categories of spirits, they are very numerous: foxes, wildcats, or various other strange species; whether ghosts or spirits, all can bewitch humans. The second character is pronounced 虛 [xū], a wasting and depleting demon. The Yiyuan says: 'Wherever the wasting demon goes, it causes people to lose wealth and possessions, leaving storehouses empty and exhausted; it is called the wasting demon. Its form is variable; it is a monstrous thing').
75.60
口中上腭 ("the upper palate in the mouth": fanqie 我各 [è]. The Kaosheng says: 'The gums and palate.' It is missing in the Shuowen jiezi. In character dictionaries it is sometimes written with the tooth radical as 齶. The Jixun says: 'The gums and palate are the upper part inside the mouth.' The correct form has the flesh radical with 㖾 as phonetic; 㖾 has the same pronunciation as above, and is composed of 叩 above and 屰 below; 屰 is pronounced 逆 [nì]. Today, popular usage writes it with 子 as 咢. The sūtra text writes it as 嚯; 嚯 is fanqie 呼郭 [huò], which contradicts the sūtra's meaning; it is now corrected and rejected).
75.61
足腨 ("the calf of the leg": fanqie 殊耎 [shuàn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The belly of the calf.' It is also written with the foot radical as 踹 or as [跳-兆+專], all with the same sound. That the forms differ is because earlier scholars could not remember the radical components and wrote them arbitrarily, using either the flesh or foot radical; later people imitated and handed them down, so there was no definitive form. Both are presented here).
75.62
舐利 ("licking": fanqie 食尒 [shì]. An erroneously used character. The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Taking things with the tongue.' The standard form is written with 易 as 舓 or as 𦧇, both being orthodox forms. In character dictionaries it is also written as [舌*(罩-卓+(豕-一))], 狧, or 咶, all of which are vulgar or ancient characters).
75.63
嗜甛 ("craving sweet things": the first character is fanqie 時利 [shì]. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: 'Craving sweets insatiably.' Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: '嗜 means greedy.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Desire; derived from 口 with 耆 as phonetic.' The second character is fanqie 牒兼 [tián]. The Guangya says: '甛 means sweet.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Pleasant to the taste; derived from 甘 and 舌, an associative compound.' It is also written as 𩚵, both being commonly used).
75.64
踐蹋 ("trampling": the first character is fanqie 錢演 [jiǎn]. Zheng's commentary on the Mao Commentary of the Shijing says: 'The appearance of a chariot traveling.' It also says: 'To tread upon.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 足 with 戔 as phonetic; 戔 is pronounced 殘 [cán].' The second character is fanqie 談盍 [tà]. Gu Yewang says: '蹋 means to kick.' The Guangya says: 'To tread upon.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To trample; derived from 足 with [日/羽] as phonetic; [日/羽] is pronounced 塔 [tǎ].' The sūtra text writes it as 蹹, which is incorrect).
75.65
持鎌 ("holding a sickle": the second character is fanqie 斂占 [lián]. The Fangyan says: 'West of the Pass it is called a 鎌; an implement for reaping.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 金 with 兼 as phonetic.' The sūtra text writes it as 鐮, which is a vulgar character).
75.66
髑髏 ("skull": the first character is fanqie 同祿 [dú]; the second is fanqie 勒侯 [lóu]. The Picang says: 'The bone of the head.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The crown bone.' Both are phono-semantic characters with the bone radical. The sūtra text writing them with the head radical 頁 as 䫳䫫 is vulgar usage and also acceptable, though not the standard form).
75.67
惡露 ("lochia / foul discharge": the first character is fanqie 烏固 [wù]. Gu Yewang says: '惡 is like hating.' The Yupian says: 'Foul discharge leaking out uncovered.' A phono-semantic character. The sūtra writing it with the person radical as 僫露 is a vulgar character and not the standard form).
75.68
依洫 ("relying on drainage ditches": the sūtra text writing the first character 依 as plain 衣 is incorrect; according to the meaning it should have the person radical as 依. The second character is fanqie 吁域 [xù]. The Rites of Zhou says: 'A 洫 is that by which water is conducted into a river.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Ten li makes a di; a trench eight chi wide and eight chi deep is called a 洫. Derived from 水 with 血 as phonetic.' A 洫 is also a ditch).
75.69
病滲 ("illness dripping / seep": fanqie 初錦 [shèn]. Lu Ji's Eulogy on the Merit and Fame of Emperor Gaozu of Han says: 'Vast is the cosmos; muddy above and turbid below.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Derived from 士 with 參 as phonetic.' The sūtra text writing it with the stone radical is also acceptable and in common use).
75.70
Yogācārabhūmi-sūtra, Fascicle One (the same text as the later Yogācārabhūmi-sūtra)
75.71
[Compiled by] Xuanying
75.72
大較 ("broad outline": the ancient character 搉 is the same; fanqie 古學 [jiào/jué], meaning rough, in outline. The Guangya says: '較 is like clear; it also means comparison').
75.73
狀栽 ("condition of planting": fanqie 子來 [zāi]. 栽 means to plant. Nowadays, the planting of herbs and trees is called 栽. Here it refers to tree saplings that can be planted).
75.74
扁鵲 ("Bian Que": fanqie 蒲顯 [biǎn]. An excellent physician of antiquity, surnamed Zheng. According to the Hanshu, Wei Zhao says: 'A man of Lu in Mount Tai; his given name was Yueren; he was a physician in the time of Marquis Huan of Wei').
75.75
蒼頭 ("head servant / slave": Ying Shao's Hanshu commentary says: 'The Qin called commoners "dark heads" (黔首); 黔 means black, and 首 means head. Slaves were called "green-headed" (蒼頭) because their scarves were not purely black, in order to distinguish them from commoners').
75.76
鬱皃 ("depressed appearance": [鬱 is] fanqie 於勿 [yù]. The Erya says: '鬱 means pent-up vapor; it also means sorrowful thoughts.' The second character has the two ancient forms 皃 and 貌, now written as 貌, fanqie 莫効 [mào], meaning facial appearance; it also means seeing. It is also written as 賵, meaning dazzled, fanqie 莫報 [mào]. The sūtra text writes it as 冒, covering [one's eyes], which is a phonetic loan).
75.77
諸藏 ("internal organs / viscera": fanqie 才浪 [zàng], meaning accumulation and storage, like a storehouse. A human has five viscera: the liver, lungs, spleen, heart, and kidneys. The sūtra text writing 藏 is not the proper form).
75.78
𧮂人 ("slandering people": fanqie 側禁 [zēn]. The Guangya says: '𧮂 means to slander; it also means defamation.' Another authority says: 'Speaking deceitfully from the side is called 𧮂').
75.79
𧌲蛛 ("spider": anciently written in the two forms 鼅 and 鼄, with the sound 知株 [zhī zhū]. It means there are grass spiders and earth spiders. The sūtra text writes 𧑱, which is incorrect).
75.80
嗽喉 ("rinsing the throat": also written as 欶, both fanqie 所皺 [shòu], meaning to suck or rinse. The sūtra text writes 數, which is a vulgar character).
75.81
湩現 ("milk appears": two pronunciations: fanqie 竹用 [zhòng] and 都洞 [dòng]. The Tongsu wen says: 'Milk is called 湩.' Today people in Jiangnan also call milk 湩. The sūtra text writes 𡣢, fanqie 奴罪 [nuǐ], which is incorrect).
75.82
銀柴 ("silver firewood": the sūtra text written with the mouth radical as the two forms 銀 and 喍 is an error).
75.83
Fascicle Two
75.84
奔走 ("running": the ancient script is 𩦥, now written as 奔, fanqie 補門 [bēn]. The Erya says: '奔 means to run; it also means swift').
75.85
蟠結 ("coiled and intertwined": fanqie 薄寒 [pán]. The Guangya says: '蟠 means coiled; it also means winding').
75.86
噤齘 ("gnashing teeth in silence": the first character is fanqie 渠錦 [jìn]; the second is fanqie 胡戒 [xiè]. The Shuowen jiezi says: '齘 means grating the teeth against each other.' The Fangyan says: '齘 means anger.' Guo Pu says: 'It refers to biting the teeth shut in fury').
75.87
雚葦 ("reeds": fanqie 胡官 [guān], meaning reeds. The Maoshi caomu shu says: 'Reeds (葭菼) are named 薍; when they mature in autumn, they are called 雚.' The Xia xiaozheng says: 'Before reeds bloom, they are called 雚.' 薍 is fanqie 五患 [wàn]).
75.88
飛鳥 ("flying birds": fanqie 甫韋 [fēi], meaning birds taking flight. The sūtra text written with the dog radical as [狂-王+(├/乙)] is an error).
75.89
Fascicle Three
75.90
綜解 ("comprehensively unravelling": fanqie 子送 [zòng]. 綜 means to practice; it also means to order. The Shuowen jiezi says: '綜 is the thread of a loom,' meaning the loom threads that hold and cross the weft).
75.91
黿鼉 ("large softshell turtle and alligator": the first character is fanqie 魚袁 [yuán], resembling a softshell turtle but larger; the second character is fanqie 徒何 [tuó], resembling a lizard, one zhang long, with colored scales. The sūtra text written in the two forms 魭 and 䰿 is not the proper orthography).
75.92
如麵 ("like flour": fanqie 莫遍 [miàn], meaning crushed fine as flour. The sūtra text writes 蔑, which is a phonetic error).
75.93
拼直 ("straightened with a chalk line": fanqie 補耕 [pīng], meaning snapping an inkline to make something straight. The sūtra text writes 絣, which refers to patternless silk and is not this meaning).
75.94
鐵軖 ("iron reeling frame": fanqie 渠王 [kuáng]. The Tongsu wen says: 'A silk-reeling frame is called 軖.' 軖 is a 䇘. 繰 is fanqie 桑勞 [sāo]; 䇘 is pronounced 護 [hù]).
75.95
燔之 ("burning it": also written as 㸋, both fanqie 扶袁 [fán]. Applying fire is called 㸋. 燔 also means to scorch or dry).
75.96
鐵丳 ("iron skewer": Ziyuan gives fanqie 初眼 [chǎn], meaning piercing meat with a spit to roast it. 籤 is fanqie 且廉 [qiān]).
75.97
Fascicle Four
75.98
嘲說 ("ridiculing speech": the ancient script was 謿, now written as 嘲, and also as 啁, fanqie 陟交 [zhāo/cháo]. In the Cangjie pian it is 周, meaning teasing and banter).
75.99
相樘 ("colliding with each other": also written in the three forms 𢾊, 棖, and 𰕋, all fanqie 丈庚 [cháng], meaning striking against each other; it also means propping up with a pillar).
75.100
不訾 ("unfathomable / inestimable": also written as 𢋀, both fanqie 紫斯 [zǐ]. 訾 means to measure. The Shuowen jiezi says: '訾 means to reflect.' The sūtra text writes 貲, meaning wealth, which is incorrect).
75.101
相槩 ("leveling each other / scraping": the ancient form 杚 is the same; fanqie 古礙 [gài]. The Guangya says: '杚 and 摩槩 mean to level,' referring to leveling the top of a dou or hu measure with a strickle).
75.102
九韶 ("Nine Shaos": the ancient script 𰈺 is the same; fanqie 視招 [sháo]. The name of Shun's music. 韶 means 紹 (to succeed), meaning Shun was able to continue and succeed the virtue of Yao. The phrase 'When the flute-playing Shao is performed nine times' in the Shangshu is this).
75.103
Fascicle Five
75.104
Seizing grass (擭 grass) (fanqie: 於虢 [yu4 / huò]). The Guangya says: "擭 means to grasp." The "Western Capital Rhapsody" says: "Seizing (擭) the chanhu." Xue Zong says: "It means grasping and taking it." 獑 is pronounced [chán].)
75.105
Steelyard weight (稱錘) (fanqie: 直危 [zhi2 / chuí]). The Guangya says: "A weight is called a quan (balance weight); that is, a steelyard weight." The Fangyan says: "錘 means heavy; in Song and Lu it is called 錘.")
75.106
Owl-pig (鴟猪) (upper: fanqie 尺脂 [chǐ]; lower: fanqie 陟於 [zhū]). 鴟 means stretching out; it means this person puffs up and spreads out as large as a pig.)
75.107
Gambling games (博掩) (The Zuanwen says: "博 is liubo; it uses six casting sticks and six chess pieces, which are called the 'six yan' [six covers]. Pu-yan is a coin-tossing gambling game; colloquially it is called guessing numbers [射數] or guessing intentions [射意].")
75.108
Finger-press torturing device (櫪㯕) (fanqie: upper 力的 [li4]; lower 桑奚 [sī]). The Tongsu wen says: "The implements for interrogating prisoners are called 櫪㯕." The Zilin says: "It presses the fingers.")
75.109
Sliced bits (臠臠) (fanqie: 力轉 [luǎn / luán]). This refers to cutting meat; large pieces are called zhi (胾), while small bits are called meat-luan (臠). The sūtra text writes 𦟪𦟪, which is incorrect. 胾 has the fanqie 側使 [zì].)
75.110
Step-shake hairpin (步搖) (The Shiming says: "It has dangling pearls on top; as one walks, they shake and move." The sūtra text writes the 瑤 of qiongyao [jade], which is incorrect.)
75.111
Grain stalks (秸草) (fanqie: 古八 [jiā]). The Shangshu says: "Within three hundred li, they brought in the straw (秸) as their tribute-service." Kong Anguo says: "秸 means straw; service means providing straw as labor.")
75.112
Eking out a living (餬口) (also written 𩚩, the same; fanqie: 戶姑 [hú]). The Fangyan says: "To lodge and feed." Between the Yangzi and Huai rivers, lodging for meals is called 餬. The Erya says: "餬 means zhan [thick porridge]." Guo Pu says: "It is rice congee." 饘 has the fanqie 之然 [zhān].)
75.113
Yogācārabhūmi-sūtra (Xiuxing daodi jing), Fascicle One
75.114
Awakened (照寤) (fanqie: 五故 [wù]). The Mao Shi says: "寤 means to awaken." The sūtra writing 寤 is mistaken [for 悟].)
75.115
Blind and dark (盲冥) (upper: fanqie 莫庚 [máng]; the Shuowen says: "Blind means having no pupils; it is analyzed from eye [目] with mang [亡] as the phonetic." Lower: fanqie 莫丁 [míng]; the Mao Shi says: "冥 means night." The sūtra writes 冥, which is a popular form.)
75.116
General overview (大較) (fanqie: 江岳 [jiào]). The Boya says: "較 means to compare." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from cart [車] with jiao [交] as the phonetic.)
75.117
Subtle trigger (機微) (fanqie: 既希 [jī]). Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "機 also means subtle." Nowadays, character dictionaries mostly omit the wood radical [木] and write simply 幾. Lower: fanqie 尾非 [wēi]; the sūtra writes 微, which is incorrect; the correct form is [敲-高+耑], not taking the human radical [亻].)
75.118
Directly rectify (輒正) (fanqie: 陟葉 [zhé]). The Hanshu says: "輒 means presumptuously/directly." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from cart [車] with 耴 as the phonetic. The sūtra text writing 輒 is incorrect. 耴 has the fanqie 陟葉 [zhé].)
75.119
Arrogance and haughtiness (憍慢) (fanqie: upper 矯橋 [jiāo]; lower 蠻瓣 [màn]). The sūtra writes 憍, which is incorrect; it is also written 驕.)
75.120
Fourfold crossroads (四衢) (fanqie: 具俱 [qú]). The Erya says: "衢 is a road reaching in four directions." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from street [行] with qu [瞿] as the phonetic.)
75.121
Eagle and vulture (鵰鷲) (upper: fanqie 鳥寮 [diāo]; the Kaosheng says: "The 鵰 resembles an osprey." The Mu Tianzi zhuan says: "It is a bird of prey." It is also written 鵰. Lower: pronounced [jiù]; the Shanhai jing says: "The 鷲 is the name of a bird, also called 鵰." The correct form is [(尨-、)*鳥].)
75.122
Hairy horse (䭷馬) (upper: pronounced máo [毛]. Character dictionaries do not contain this character, nor is such a horse mentioned in classical texts. This is in fact the horse treasure of a wheel-turning sage king: it is dark bluish-black in color, with long hair resembling a wild beast, and a head like an elephant; because its hair is long, it is thus named 'hairy horse'.)
75.123
Removing filth (除溷) (fanqie: 魂困 [hùn]). The Boya says: "溷 means turbid." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from wood [木] with 圂 as the phonetic. 圂 has the same pronunciation as above.)
75.124
Finger and thigh (指髀) (lower: fanqie 脾弭 [bì]). The Shuowen says: "The outer part of the thigh." It is also written 蹕, analyzed from bone [骨] with bei [卑] as the phonetic.)
75.125
Naked and barefoot (裸跣) (upper: fanqie 胡瓦 [luǒ]; Mengzi says: "裸 means baring the body." It is also written 倮 or 羸. Lower: fanqie 先典 [xiǎn]; the Shuowen says: "跣 means bare feet touching the ground; it is analyzed from foot [足] with xian [先] as the phonetic.")
75.126
Grabbing and dragging (捉拽) (fanqie: 延𦵮 [yè]). The Kaosheng says: "拽 means to drag along [拕]." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from hand [手] with ye [曳]; the pronunciation is the fanqie 以勢 [yì]. 拕 has the fanqie 託何 [tuō].)
75.127
Repeatedly doing (𢿘作) (fanqie: 雙捉 [shuò]). The sūtra writes 數, which is a popular form.)
75.128
Clapping and dancing (摶儛) (fanqie: 奪鸞 [tuán]).)
75.129
Treading and stepping (躡蹈) (fanqie: 尼輒 [niè]; the Shuowen says: "躡 also means to step; it is analyzed from foot [足] with nie [聶] as the phonetic." The sūtra writes 躡, which is a popular form; 聶 has the same pronunciation as above. 蹈 has the fanqie 桃到 [dào]; the Shuowen says: "蹈 means to trample; it is analyzed from foot [足] with yao [舀] as the phonetic"; the same below.)
75.130
Trampling and stepping (蹋蹈) (fanqie: 談臘 [tà]). The sūtra writes 蹹, which is incorrect. The Shuowen says: "蹋 means to trample; it is analyzed from foot [足] with [日/羽] as the phonetic." [日/羽] has the fanqie 貪合 [tà].)
75.131
Twisting and yanking (撥掣) (upper: fanqie 博末 [bō]; lower: fanqie 叱制 [chì / chè]. The sūtra text writes 𢮓, which is incorrect.)
75.132
Eyelashes (眼睫) (fanqie: 僭妾 [jié]).)
75.133
Plucking and tapping (搯叩) (fanqie: 吐刀 [tāo]). The Kaosheng says: "To reach deep and take out." It is also written 掏. The Shuowen says it is analyzed from hand [手] with yao [舀] as the phonetic. 叩 is pronounced [kǒu].)
75.134
Full whiskers (多𩓿) (fanqie: 𮉼鹽 [rán]). The Shuowen says: "𩓿 means whiskers on the cheeks; it is analyzed from beard [須] with ran [冄] as the phonetic." The sūtra writes 髯, which is also acceptable.)
75.135
Sorcery craft (蠱道) (upper: pronounced gǔ [古]. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: "蠱 means venomous magic." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from insect [蟲] and vessel [皿].)
75.136
Skinning and flaying (皮剝) (fanqie: 被碑 [pí]. The Kaosheng says: "皮 also means to peel off." The sūtra text takes the knife radical [刀] to make 㓟, which is a popular form. Lower: fanqie 邦角 [bō]; the Xia Xiaozheng says: "剝 means to shave off." The Shuowen says: "To carve; analyzed from knife [刀] with lu [彔] as the phonetic.")
75.137
Tall and straight (梴直) (fanqie: 式連 [chān]). The Mao Shi says: "梴 refers to long timber." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from wood [木] with yan [延] as the phonetic.)
75.138
Trembling and shaking (顫𤴨) (upper: fanqie 之善 [zhàn]; lower: pronounced yòu [又]. The Cang Jie pian says: "顫 means the head is unsteady." The Shuowen says: "𤴨 means the affliction of trembling and shaking the head; it is analyzed from sickness [疒] with you [又] as the phonetic.")
75.139
Striking with clubs (撾棒) (upper: fanqie 卓瓜 [zhuā]; the Shenglei says: "撾 means to beat." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from hand [手] with guo [過] as the phonetic. Lower: fanqie 雹講 [bàng]; the Kaosheng says: "A club used to beat; analyzed from wood [木] with feng [奉] as the phonetic.")
75.140
Five blisters (五皰) (fanqie: 雹皃 [pào]). The Shuowen says: "Fever blisters and sores arising on the body." It is also written 疱, analyzed from skin [皮] with bao [包] as the phonetic.)
75.141
Attached to the hip (著髖) (fanqie: 闊丸 [kuān]). The Guangya says: "髖 means buttocks [尻臋]." 臋 has the fanqie 徒昆 [tún]; 尻 has the fanqie 考高 [kāo]. It is also written 臗.)
75.142
Calf bone (腨骨) (fanqie: 殊耎 [shuàn]). The Shuowen says: "腨 is the calf muscle [腓腸]; it is analyzed from flesh [肉] with zhuan [耑] as the phonetic." It is also written [跳-兆+專]. 腓 has the fanqie 符非 [féi]; 腸 is pronounced cháng; 耑 has the fanqie 短鸞 [duān].)
75.143
Feces and urine (屎尿) (fanqie: 尸旨 [shǐ]. Character dictionaries say: "屎 means excrement." The correct form is 蓾; the sūtra writes 屎, which is a popular form. Lower: fanqie 奴弔 [niào]; the Shuowen says: "It means urination." It is also written 𡲘; the popular writing 尿 is incorrect.)
75.144
Needle and beak (鍼㭰) (fanqie: 汁林 [zhēn]. The Shuowen says: "A needle is used for sewing and piercing; it is analyzed from metal [金] with xian [咸] as the phonetic." It is also written 針. Lower: fanqie 即髓 [zuǐ]; character dictionaries say: "A bird's beak [㭰]." It is also written 觜; the sūtra writes 𭪿, which is a popular form.)
75.145
Spittle and saliva (唾涎) (fanqie: 託臥 [tuò]. The Shuowen says: "唾 is liquid from the mouth; it is analyzed from mouth [口] with chui [垂] as the phonetic." It is also written 涶. Lower: fanqie 羨延 [xián]; the Kaosheng says: "涎 is saliva in the mouth." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from water [水] with qian [欠] as the phonetic; the sūtra writes 涎, which is a popular form.)
75.146
Fascicle Two
75.147
Thunderclap (霹靂) (upper: fanqie 匹覓 [pì]; lower: fanqie 零滴 [lì]. The Erya says: "Thunderbolt [霹靂] is the rumbling shock of thunder." The sūtra writes 礕礰, which are popular forms.)
75.148
Transforming and rectifying (化捄) (fanqie: 矩愚 [jǔ]). The Boya says: "捄 means rule/model." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from hand [手] with qiu [求] as the phonetic.)
75.149
Coiling and knotting (蟠結) (fanqie: 伴肝 [pán]). The Boya says: "蟠 means coiled/curled." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from insect [虫] with fan [番] as the phonetic.)
75.150
Many wrinkles (多皺) (fanqie: 鄒瘦 [zhòu]). The Kaosheng says: "皺 means gathering of the skin." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from skin [皮] with chu [芻] as the phonetic. The sūtra writes 皺, which is a popular form.)
75.151
Mouth shut and teeth clenched (噤齘) (fanqie: 及禁 [jìn]). The Chuci says: "噤 means keeping the mouth shut." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from mouth [口] with jin [禁] as the phonetic.)
75.152
Geese and ducks (鵝鶩) (upper: fanqie 我柯 [é]; Gu Yewang says: "The goose resembles a wild goose and is domesticated by humans." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from bird [鳥] with wo [我] as the phonetic. Lower: pronounced mù [木]; the Erya says: "鶩 is another name for duck." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from bird [鳥] with wu [敄] as the phonetic.)
75.153
Reeds and rushes (雚葦) (fanqie: 胡鸞 [huán]. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: "雚 is also reed." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from grass [艹] with guan [雚] as the phonetic, pronounced the same as above. The sūtra writes 雚, which is incorrect. Lower: fanqie 韋鬼 [wěi]; the Shuowen says: "葦 means reed; it is analyzed from grass [艹] with wei [韋] as the phonetic.")
75.154
Fascicle Three
75.155
Winding and meandering (逶迤) (upper: fanqie 委為 [wēi]; lower: fanqie 徒河 [tuó].)
75.156
Fleeing in haste (犇走) (fanqie: 本門 [bēn]). The Erya says: "犇 also means to run." It is also written 奔; the Hanshu writes 犇.)
75.157
Deer dashing like wind (鹿猋) (lower: fanqie 卑遙 [biāo]. The Shuowen says: "猋 depicts a pack of dogs running swiftly together.")
75.158
Fainting into senselessness (貌絕) (upper: pronounced mào [皃]. '貌絕' in the sūtra's meaning signifies swooning away in a daze, devoid of consciousness.)
75.159
Drilling and piercing (鑽穿) (fanqie: 纂官 [zuān]). Mengzi says: "鑽 means boring a hole." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from metal [金] with zan [贊] as the phonetic. Lower: pronounced chuān [川].)
75.160
Beating and flogging (撾搒) (upper: fanqie 卓瓜 [zhuā]; the Shuowen says: "撾 means to beat"; it is also written 𥬲. Lower: fanqie 白庚 [péng]; the Shuowen says: "搒 means to beat with a whip or cane; it is analyzed from hand [手] with bang [旁] as the phonetic.")
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Washing the hands (盥) (fanqie: 官椀 [guǎn], also 古奐 [huàn]. Gu Yewang says: "Washing any object is called 盥." The Shuowen says: "盥 means washing hands; it is analyzed from vessel [皿], two hands [臼], and water [水]." The sūtra writes 灌, which is incorrect.)
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Flinging the body (拼身) (fanqie: 班萠 [bēng]. The Kaosheng says: "拼 means to dust or fling." The Shuowen says it is analyzed from hand [手] with 𰏤 as the phonetic. The sūtra writes 拼, which is a popular form.)
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Like a bamboo press (若笮) (fanqie: 側稼 [zhà]). The Yunquan says: "笮 belongs to the class of bamboo mats [𥭛]; it is analyzed from bamboo [竹] with zha [乍] as the phonetic." 𥭛 has the fanqie 楚鄒 [chōu].)
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睥睨 [pìnì, to glance askance]: the first character is pronounced 疋 + 計 fanqie; the second is pronounced 倪 + 計 fanqie. The Shuowen says: '睥睨 means the appearance of looking askance.' Both take the eye radical (目) with [components] pēi (卑) and ér (兒) providing the sound.
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磔其 [zhéqí, dismember it]: the first character is pronounced 陟 + 格 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '磔 means to pull apart or dismember.' The Boya says: 'To kill and tear apart is called 磔.' The Shuowen states that it takes the stone radical (石) with jié (桀) providing the sound. In the sūtra it is written as 桀, which is a vulgar character, pronounced 竭 [jié].
75.166
鍼㭰 [zhēnzuǐ, needle-beak]: [the first character is pronounced] 之 + 林 fanqie; it is also written as 針. The second character is pronounced 即 + 髓 fanqie, and is also written as 觜. In the sūtra it is written as 𭉨, which is not a [proper] character.
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鐵鏟 [tiěchǎn, iron spade]: [the first character is pronounced] 天 + 結 fanqie. The second character is pronounced 察 + 眼 fanqie. The Boya says: '鏟 means to shave or plane.' It is also written as 剗. The Shuowen states that it takes the metal radical (金) with chǎn (產) providing the sound.
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依鈔 [yīchāo, to seize by force / to rely on plundering]: [the second character is pronounced] 楚 + 交 fanqie. The Fangyan says: '鈔 means to forcibly take goods.' It is also written as 抄.
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Fascicle 4
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剉斬 [cuòzhǎn, to mince and chop]: [the first character is pronounced] 麤 + 貨 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '剉 means to chop finely.' The Shuowen states that it takes the knife radical (刀) with zuò (坐) providing the sound. In the sūtra it is written as [利-禾+(前-刖+(坐-(人*人)+(人*口)))], which is erroneous. The second character is pronounced 側 + 減 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '斬 means to hack or chop.' The Shuowen says: 'It means to sever.' It takes the axe radical (斤) with chē (車) providing the sound.
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琦璝 [qíguī, rare and precious gems]: the first character is pronounced 渠 + 冝 fanqie. The Picang says: '琦 means precious and fine; it also means exceptional.' The Shuowen states that it takes the jade radical (王) with qí (奇) providing the sound. The second character is pronounced 骨 + 迴 fanqie. The Zishu says: '璝 is a stone inferior to jade.' The Picang says: 'Precious and fine gem.' The Shuowen says: 'Fine, round, precious jade.' It takes the jade radical (玉) with guì (䝿) providing the sound. In the sūtra it is written as 璝, which is a vulgar character; it is also written as 瓌, and also as 瑰.
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愚騃 [yú'ái, foolish and ignorant]: the first character is pronounced 麌 + 俱 fanqie. The second character is pronounced 崖 + 揩 fanqie. The Cang Jie pian says: '騃 means stupid.' The Jixun says: 'Ignorant.' It takes the horse radical (馬) with yǐ (矣) providing the sound.
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𠒎鴈 [fúyàn, wild ducks and geese]: [the first character is pronounced] 附 + 孚 fanqie. The Erya says: '舒𠒎 [tame duck].' Another name is 鶩 [wù]; it belongs to the duck kind. It takes the bird radical (鳥) with jī (几) providing the sound.
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捲打 [juǎndǎ, to strike with a fist]: [the first character is pronounced] 逵 + 圓 fanqie; it is also written as 拳 [fist]. The Shuowen states that it takes the hand radical (手) with juǎn (龹) providing the sound.
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Fascicle 5
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穫草 [huòcǎo, reaping grass]: [the first character is pronounced] 黃 + 郭 fanqie. The Shuowen says: '穫 means to harvest and reap.' It takes the wood radical (木) with an abbreviated huò (蒦) providing the sound.
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鎌刈 [liányì, to reap with a sickle]: the first character is pronounced 斂 + 鹽 fanqie. The Shuowen says: '鎌 is an implement for reaping and harvesting; another name is 鍥, pronounced 口 + 結 fanqie.' It takes the metal radical (金) with jiān (兼) providing the sound. It is also written as 鐮. The second character is pronounced 魚 + 憩 fanqie.
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𩧐駞 [tuótó, camel]: the first character is pronounced 託 [tuō]. The second character is pronounced 徒 + 河 fanqie. The Shanhaijing says: 'The 𩧐駝 has fleshy saddles on its back, carries a thousand catties, and knows where springs are located.' It is commonly called a 駱駝 [camel].
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刖耳 [yuè'ěr, cutting off ears]: [the first character is pronounced] 元 + 厥 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '刖 is the name of a punishment.' In the Rites of Zhou, it means cutting off feet. In the sūtra it is written as 列, which is vulgar usage; there is no such character [with that meaning].
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鴻𪁌 [hóngzhē, reddish soil / bird name]: the second character is pronounced 遮 + 野 fanqie. The Yunquan says it means red earth.
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焦悸 [jiāojì, anxious and frightened]: the first character is pronounced 即 + 遙 fanqie. The second character is pronounced 葵 + 季 fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'The appearance of an agitated heart.' It takes the heart radical (心) with jì (季) providing the sound.
75.182
鵄梟 [chīxiāo, owl]: the first character is pronounced 齒 + 之 fanqie. The second character is pronounced 晈 + 堯 fanqie. Zheng's Commentary on the Classic of Poetry says: '鵄梟 are birds with an ominous cry.' The Shuowen says: 'An unfilial bird.'
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麁弶 [cūjiàng, coarse snare]: the first character is pronounced 蒼 + 胡 fanqie. The second character is pronounced 強 + 亮 fanqie. The Zishu says: '弶 is an implement for catching birds and beasts.' It takes the bow radical (弓) with jīng (京) providing the sound.
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臠割 [luángē, to slice and cut]: [the first character is pronounced] 力 + 轉 fanqie. The Zilin says: '臠 means to slice meat.' It takes the meat radical (肉) with luán (䜌) providing the sound; 䜌 is pronounced 力 + 員 fanqie. The second character is pronounced 肝 + 渴 fanqie. The Boya says: 'It means severing things with a knife.'
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木楔 [mùxiē, wooden wedge]: [the second character is pronounced] 先 + 結 fanqie. The Shuowen says: '楔 is an implement used to split open wood.' It takes the wood radical (木) with qì (契) providing the sound.
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頭劈 [tóupī, to split the head]: [the second character is pronounced] 匹 + 覓 fanqie. The Shuowen says: '劈 means to split open things with a knife.' It takes the knife radical (刀) with pì (辟) providing the sound.
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如蚖 [rúyuán, like a viper]: [the second character is pronounced] 五 + 丸 fanqie; it is the name of a snake.
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Fascicle 6
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鼾聲 [hānshēng, snoring sound]: the first character is pronounced 韓 + 旦 fanqie. The Shuowen says: '鼾 is the sound of breathing while sleeping.' It takes the nose radical (鼻) with gān (干) providing the sound.
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手爴 [shǒubó, to seize with claws / hands]: [the second character is pronounced] 鬼 + 碧 fanqie, or 鬼 + 籰 fanqie; both readings are acceptable. The Zishu says: 'To grip with claws.'
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有汪 [yǒuwāng, having deep / vast waters]: [the second character is pronounced] 烏 + 光 fanqie. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'The appearance of vast waters.' The Kaosheng says: 'The appearance of pooled, stagnant water.' The Shuowen properly writes it as 㳹, taking the water radical (水) with wǎng (枉) providing the sound.
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鎚鍛 [chuíduàn, forging and hammering]: [the first character is pronounced] 直 + 追 fanqie. The second character is pronounced 端 + 亂 fanqie. Kong's commentary on the Book of Documents says: '鍛 means to strike.' The Shuowen states that it takes the metal radical (金) with duàn (段) providing the sound.
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Collection of One Hundred Parables, in four fascicles: Fascicles 1, 2, and 3 (the above were not previously glossed for sound by Xuanying).
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Collection, Fascicle 4
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唵米 [ǎn mǐ, to swallow rice / put rice into the mouth]: [the first character is pronounced] 烏 + 感 fanqie. The Zilin says: '唵 means to swallow or eat; that is, placing into the mouth and swallowing.' 啗 is pronounced 徒 + 敢 fanqie.
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耽毿 [dānsān, drooping and long (of hair/fur)]: the Cang Jie pian writes it as 𰿕, identical [in meaning], pronounced 蘇 + 南 fanqie; it describes the appearance of drooping hair. The Tongsu wen says: 'Long hair is called 毿毿.'
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Collection of the Original Conditions of Bodhisattvas, Fascicle 1
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Compiled by Xuanying
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薨殞 [hōngyǔn, to die / perish]: [the first character is pronounced] 呼 + 弘 fanqie. The Guangya says: '薨 means to perish.' The Erya says: '薨 means to die; when feudal lords die, it is called 薨.'
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抗禦 [kàngyù, to resist / ward off]: [the second character is pronounced] 魚 + 呂 fanqie. 禦 means to withstand. The Classic of Poetry says: 'I say there is one to resist insult.' The commentary says: 'A martial minister warding off an enemy is called resisting insult.'
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- 一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese