一切經音義 79

English (machine translation) 79

Language: English

79.1

Compiled by the Sūtra-translating Śramaṇa Huilin

79.2

Pronunciation of the Jinglü yixiang: from Fascicle Twenty-three to the end of Fascicle Fifty

瑰瑋, marvelous and exquisite (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 古 + 回; the Mao Commentary to the Odes states: "Gui (瑰) is a fine stone secondary to jade"; the Picang says: "Guiwei (瑰瑋) means precious and rare"; the Shuowen says: "A fine red jade (玫瑰)"; it has the jade radical and is a phono-semantic character; it is also written with the huai (壞) phonetic; the sūtra writes it as 璝, which is an erroneous usage; the Kaosheng states: "Guiwei (瑰瑋) describes a figure that is extraordinarily tall and large"; the Gujin zhengzi writes it with the jade radical).

79.5

檀膩䩭, *Dhanīkā (the middle [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 尼 + 智; the last [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 寄 + 冝; Sanskrit, the name of a Western woman; it is also written 羇, which is also acceptable).

79.6

腹潰, belly bursting (the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 回 + 對; the Kaosheng states: "Kui (潰) means a hole; it means to scatter"; the Cang Jie pian states: "To burst open"; the Shuowen states: "To leak"; it has the water radical and gui (貴) phonetic).

79.7

坏諭, metaphor of unbaked pottery (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 配 + 梅; the Kaosheng states: "Earthenware that has not yet been fired is called huai (坏)"; the Shuowen states it has the earth radical and is a phono-semantic character).

79.8

撞鍾, striking a bell (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 濯 + 江; Gu Yewang states: "Zhuang (撞) is like striking"; the Wenzidian shuo states: "Pounding with a pestle; stabbing from the side"; it has the hand radical and tong (童) phonetic).

79.9

煒曄, brilliant and radiant (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 韋 + 鬼; the Mao Commentary to the Odes states: "Wei (煒) is a red colour"; the Kaosheng states: "Weiye (煒曄) means full of brilliance and luster"; the Shuowen states it has the fire radical and wei (韋) phonetic; the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 炎 + 輒; the Mao Commentary to the Odes states: "Weiye (暐曄) is the sound of shaking thunder"; the Chuci says it means blazing; the Shuowen states it means bright, having the sun radical and hua (華) phonetic).

79.10

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle Twenty-four

79.11

纖傭, slender and well-proportioned (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 相 + 閻; the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 寵 + 龍; the Mao Commentary to the Odes states: "Yong (傭) means well-proportioned and even"; it is also written with the flesh radical as 𦟛; the Gujin zhengzi states it means even and straight, taking the person radical and yong (庸) phonetic, yong being pronounced 庸).

79.12

間鈿, inlaid with ornaments (the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 田 + 錢; the Kaosheng states: "To insert and inlay with precious gems; ornamentation"; the sūtra writes it with the jade radical as 瑱, which is an error and not the original character).

79.13

如𰔕, as if milking (the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 釣 + 𠋫; the Kaosheng states: "𰔕 means taking the milk of cows or sheep"; it has the hand radical and a reduced form of 𣪊 as phonetic).

79.14

牛湩, cow's milk (pronounced with the fanqie 家 + 用; Wu dialect calls milk-fluid dòng (湩); this pronunciation is still in use today in the Jiangnan region; it has the water radical and zhong (重) phonetic).

79.15

儜弱, frail and weak (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 搦 + 耕; in Wu dialect, the Wenzi jilüe states: "Evil; sickly"; the Kaosheng states it means weak; it has the person radical and ning (寧) phonetic).

79.16

怖縮, cowering in fear (the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 所 + 六; the Han Commentary to the Odes states: "Suo (縮) means to draw back; to retreat"; it is a phono-semantic character).

79.17

相昞, mutually apparent (the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 兵 + 皿; it was already explained in the fourth fascicle above).

79.18

燈炷, lamp wick (the first [character has the] sound of 登; the Wenzidian shuo states: "A lamp light"; it has the fire radical; the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 朱 + 樹; the Jixun writes it as 主; the zhǔ (主) is the master of the lamp heart [wick]).

79.19

噢噎, weeping and choking with grief (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 憂 + 六; the Picang states: "Ao (噢) is internal grief"; Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan states: "Ao (噢) is the sound of agonizing grief"; the Gujin zhengzi states it has the mouth radical and ao (奧) phonetic; the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 煙 + 結; the Mao Commentary to the Odes states: "Ye (噎) means sorrow preventing one from breathing"; the Kaosheng states: "Air blocked in the chest and throat"; it is also written 饐; the Shuowen states: "Choking on food"; it has the mouth radical and yi (壹) phonetic).

79.20

眴, to blink (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 玄 + 絹; it has already been discussed in the eighth fascicle above).

79.21

蹊徑, path and trail (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 胡 + 雞; Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan states: "Qi (蹊) is a trail in a valley"; Zheng's commentary to the Liji states: "A track made by birds and beasts"; the Gujin zhengzi states: "A narrow path in a mountain valley"; it has the foot radical and xi (奚) phonetic).

79.22

持櫛, holding a comb (the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 臻 + 瑟; the Kaosheng states: "Zhi (櫛) is a comb (梳)"; the Shuowen states: "The general term for coarse and fine combs"; it has the wood radical and jie (節) phonetic; 梳 is pronounced 疏).

79.23

名喃, named Nan (the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 嬭 + 咸; Sanskrit, the name of a Western king; properly it should be written with the speech radical as 諵; written with the mouth radical and nan (南) phonetic, it is a vulgar character).

79.24

肉皰, flesh blisters (the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 炮 + 皃; the Kaosheng states: "Pao (皰) is a small sore on the face"; the Shuowen states: "Pao (皰) is hot vapor within the flesh"; it is a phono-semantic character).

79.25

火阱, fire pitfall (the second [character has the] sound of 淨; also written 宑; the Guangya states: "Jing (阱) is a pit"; the Kaosheng states: "Digging the earth to trap beasts"; the Shuowen states: "A trap pit"; it has the mound (𨸏) radical and jing (井) phonetic; it is also written with the cave (穴) radical).

79.26

募得, recruited and obtained (the first [character has the] sound of 暮).

79.27

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle Twenty-five

79.28

嚼巳, finished chewing (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 匠 + 藥; the Guangya states: "Jiao (嚼) means to eat (茹); to chew (咀)"; the Shuowen states: "To chew (噍)"; it is a phono-semantic character).

79.29

腳登, leg mounting (the first is the standard form of the character 腳; the Shuowen states it has the 谷 radical, 谷 being pronounced 強 + 虐; it is a pictograph).

79.30

懈厭, sluggish and weary (the first [character has the] sound of 介; the Guangya states: "Xie (懈) means lazy"; the Shuowen states: "Indolent"; it has the heart radical and jie (解) phonetic; it is also written 𢢣).

79.31

嬉戲, playing and sporting (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 喜 + 冝; the Kaosheng states: "Xi (嬉) means fine; pleasant; to frolic"; the Shuowen states it has the woman radical and xi (喜) phonetic; the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 希 + 義; the Mao Commentary to the Odes states: "Xi (戲) means leisure and recreation"; the Shuowen states it has the halberd (戈) radical and xu (虛) phonetic, with the pronunciation 欣 + 衣; the sūtra writes it with the tiger (虍) radical as 戲, which is incorrect and not a proper character).

79.32

㝃身, giving birth (the first [character has the] sound of 免; the Kaosheng states: "Mian (㝃) means giving birth"; the Shuowen states: "Bearing a child and freeing one's body"; it has the child (子) radical and mian (免) phonetic).

79.33

窠窟, nest and cave (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 苦 + 和; the Kaosheng states: "A bird's hole is called a ke (窠)"; the Gujin zhengzi states: "A bird's nest"; it has the cave radical and guo (果) phonetic; the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 苦 + 骨; Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan states: "Ku (窟) is an underground chamber"; the Shuowen states it has the cave radical and qu (屈) phonetic).

79.34

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle Twenty-six

79.35

我躶, I was naked (the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 盧 + 果; stripping off clothes and exposing the body; it was already explained before).

79.36

蝡動, wriggling (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 瞤 + 准; the Kaosheng states: "The motion of insects"; the Shuowen states it has the insect radical and ruan (耎) phonetic).

79.37

劇喪, severe illness and bereavement (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 擎 + 逆; the Fangyan states: "Whenever an illness remits slightly and then worsens, it is called ju (劇)"; Gu Yewang states: "Ju (劇) means severe"; the Cang Jie pian states: "Graveness of illness"; the Gujin zhengzi states it has the knife radical and ju (豦) phonetic).

79.38

齚殺, bitten to death (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 柴 + 責; it was already fully explained in the eleventh fascicle above; written with the mouth radical as 咋 is incorrect; the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 山 + 扎).

79.39

懷柈, Huaipan (the second [character has the] sound of 盤; a person's name).

79.40

瘡疣, sores and warts (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 創 + 莊; the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 有 + 求; the Cang Jie pian states: "You (疣) is an illness; a swelling"; the Gujin zhengzi states it has the sickness radical, pronounced 女 + 厄, and you (尤) phonetic; also written 肬 or 𤴨, which are both acceptable).

79.41

漚和, upāya (the first [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 嘔 + 候; Sanskrit; the Tang language says upāyakauśalya-pāramitā [perfection of skillful means]).

79.42

憿繞, binding and wrapping (the first [character has the] sound of 晈; the Shenglei states it means gaiters; the second [character is pronounced with the fanqie] 而 + 沼; both characters are glossed as 'to wrap around' (纏), each explaining the other).

79.43

薜荔 (The first syllable has the fanqie 鼙閉 [bì]; the second, 黎帝 [lì]. It is an erroneous Sanskrit transcription, which correctly is *preta* [畢麗多], rendered in the Tang language as "hungry ghost" [餓鬼]. 鼙 has the fanqie 陛迷 [pí]).

79.44

柱地 (With the fanqie 誅縷 [zhǔ]. In ancient script it was written as […], which is today's single dot [丶]).

79.45

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 27

79.46

相斆 (The second character has the fanqie 㕛教 [xiào]. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states: "斅 means to instruct [教]." The Wenzi dianshuo says it is composed of 攴 with 學 phonetic. 攴 has the fanqie 普卜 [pū]).

79.47

畟塞 (The first syllable has the fanqie 初色 [chè]. The Gujin zhengzi states: "畟 describes a neat, square, and well-ordered appearance. It is composed of 田 [field], with 人 [person] and 夂." The second syllable has the fanqie 僧則 [sè], and is composed of 土).

79.48

晃昱 (The first character has the fanqie 黃廣 [huǎng]. The Guangya says: "晃 means radiance, or light." The Wenzi dianshuo says: "It means the brightness of the sun; it is composed of 日 with 光 phonetic." The second character has the fanqie 融六反 [yù]. The Kaosheng says: "昱 means bright." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It is composed of 日 with 立 phonetic").

79.49

肉臠 (The second character has the fanqie 攣卷 [luǎn]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Slicing meat; a piece of cut meat is a 臠").

79.50

了𠄏 (The first syllable has the sound 寥 with the fanqie 鳥 [liǎo]. The second syllable has the fanqie 彫了 [diào]. The Fangyan says: "The appearance of hanging upside down." Writing the character 了 upside down is called 'bird-hanging liǎo' [鳥絹了]. Ordinary people dislike upside-down writing).

79.51

䀮䀮 (Pronounced like 荒 [huāng]. It means blurred, dim vision. Composed of 目 with 㐬 phonetic; 㐬 has the same pronunciation as above).

79.52

痠疼 (The first character has the fanqie 蘇官 [suān]. The Kaosheng says: "痠 describes aching pain." The Shuowen jiezi says: "痠 also means sore/painful. It is composed of 疒, being a phono-semantic character." 疒 has the pronunciation 搦 [nè]).

79.53

檻車 (The first character has the fanqie 銜黯 [xiàn]. The Kaosheng says: "A 檻 is a railed pen; a large chest; a cage; an enclosure. Those guilty of the most severe crimes are imprisoned inside a chest-cage with their heads protruding, which is called a 'caged cart' [檻車] for transport").

79.54

舍櫨 (The second character has the pronunciation 盧 [lú]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "A 櫨 is a bracket-arm capital [dougong] on top of a pillar. It is composed of 木 with 盧").

79.55

皆售 (The first character, 皆, is composed of 日. The second character has the fanqie 酬又 [shòu]. Zheng's commentary on the Shijing says: "Agreeing upon terms to sell goods is called 售 [shòu]").

79.56

膖臭 (The first character has the fanqie 朴邦 [pāng]. The Picang says: "膖 means bloated." The Gujin zhengzi states: "Composed of 肉 with 逢 phonetic").

79.57

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 28

79.58

牴突 (The first character has the fanqie 丁禮 [dǐ]. The Shiji says: "牴 means to butt against each other." In the scriptures it is written as 觝, which is also acceptable, though not the original character).

79.59

𠲿指 (The first character has the fanqie 雙捉 [shuò], meaning to suck with the mouth. It has already been explained in Fascicle 20 above).

79.60

窯家 (The first character has the fanqie 曜消 [yáo]. The Kaosheng says: "A kiln for tiles." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A kiln stove for firing tiles. Composed of 穴 with 羔; 羔 also provides the sound").

79.61

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 29

79.62

乳哺 (The second character has the fanqie 蒲慕 [bù]. It has already been fully explained in Fascicle 7 above).

79.63

睒睒 (With the fanqie 苫𮉼 [shǎn]. The Kaosheng says: "The eyes are unsteady." The Shuowen jiezi says: "The appearance of glancing briefly; composed of 目 with 炎 phonetic").

79.64

皺瘤 (The first character has the fanqie 鄒瘦 [zhòu]. The Kaosheng says: "Gathered skin." The Wenzi dianshuo says: "Slack skin wrinkling and gathering." The second character has the fanqie 留宙 [liú]. The Kaosheng says: "A 瘤 is a disease of protruding swelling." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A small tumor; composed of 疒").

79.65

[跍-十+土]蹶 (The first character has the pronunciation 結 [jié]; the second has the pronunciation 厥 [jué]. The Guangya says: "To fail or fall." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To stumble and fall flat." Both are composed of 足 and are phono-semantic characters).

79.66

食尻 (With the fanqie 考高 [kāo]. The Cang Jie pian says: "The 尻 is the buttocks." The Yili says: "The two limbs attach to the buttocks [尻]." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Composed of 尸 with 九 phonetic").

79.67

邠坻 (The first character has the fanqie 筆旻 [bǐn]; the second has the fanqie 丁奚 [dī]. It is a Sanskrit term).

79.68

匍匐 (The first character has the fanqie 步摸 [pú]; the second has the fanqie 朋北 [fú]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "匍匐 means crawling on the ground on elbows and knees. Both characters are composed of 勹").

79.69

顛蹷 (The first character has the fanqie 典年 [diān]; the second has the pronunciation 厥 [jué], meaning frenzied or stumbling. This has already been explained above).

79.70

襁負 (The first character has the fanqie 薑仰 [qiǎng]. Bao Xian's commentary on the Lunyu says: "Carrying on the back using an implement is called 襁." The Jixun says: "Wrapping a child in a quilt or cloth and carrying them on the back is called 襁負").

79.71

哮吼 (The first character has the fanqie 孝交 [xiào]; the second has the fanqie 呼垢 [hǒu]. The Picang says: "To threaten in great anger; a tremendous roaring sound like the lowing of a great ox or the enraged roar of a great tiger is called 哮吼." They are phono-semantic characters).

79.72

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 30

79.73

槿華 (The first character has the fanqie 斤隱 [jǐn]. The Kaosheng says: "槿 is the name of a tree." The Erya says: "The wood hibiscus flower [mujin] is reddish-purple; it blooms in the morning and wilts in the evening. Its flower is edible and very delicious. Composed of 木 with 堇 phonetic").

79.74

門閫 (With the fanqie 坤穩 [kǔn]. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "The 閫 is the door threshold." The Wenzi dianshuo says: "A boundary; composed of 門 with 困 phonetic; it also means a boundary").

79.75

憍傲 (The second character has the fanqie 我告 [ào]. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "傲 means arrogant and unfriendly." The Zuo zhuan says: "Disrespectful." The Zishu says: "Haughty; composed of 人 with 敖, which is the standard form of 敖").

79.76

詃容 (The first character has the fanqie 決兖 [quǎn]. It is a personal name from the Western Regions).

79.77

𢤱悷 (The first character has the fanqie 祿董 [lǒng]; the second has the fanqie 犁帝 [lì]. Character dictionaries previously lacked these two characters; the translators of the scriptures wrote them according to their own discretion. 𢤱悷 means obstinate and stubborn, difficult to subdue. Both are composed of 心 and are phono-semantic characters).

79.78

捩取 (The first character has the fanqie 蓮節 [liè]. The Kaosheng says: "捩 means to wring; to twist; to wrench with the hand. 拗 has the fanqie 鵶絞 [yǎo]. To twist and take by force").

79.79

醇味 (The first character has the fanqie 順倫 [chún]. The Zhouyi says: "醇 means pure and refined." The Guangya says: "Rich/thick." The standard form is written as [醇-子+(日/羊)]; current popular usage writes it with 享, which is identical).

79.80

妃妓 (The first character has the fanqie 斐微 [fēi]. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "A royal consort; a palace lady; an imperial concubine." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Composed of 女 with 己 phonetic." The Cang Jie pian says: "A 妓 is a beautiful woman; a female entertainer").

79.81

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 31

79.82

蜇螫 (The first character has the fanqie 展裂 [zhē]. The Kaosheng says: "蜇 is the stinging of a poisonous insect." The Guangya says: "蜇 means pain." The second character has the sound 隻 [shì], with the same meaning as above).

79.83

呻吟 (The first character has the sound 申 [shēn]; the second has the fanqie 岌今 [yín]. The Kaosheng says: "呻吟 is the sound of groaning in pain." The Shuowen jiezi says: "呻 also means to groan. Both are composed of 口 and are phono-semantic characters").

79.84

飼虎 (The first character has the fanqie 詞字 [sì]. The Kaosheng says: "To feed animals").

79.85

蟁蝱 (The first character has the sound 文 [wén]; in the Wu dialect it has the fanqie 密彬 [mín]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "A flying insect that bites people, coming out at dusk." The second character has the fanqie 陌彭 [méng]. The Shuowen jiezi says: "A biting flying insect larger than a fly; popularly written as 䖟." The meaning is as above; 蚊 and 䖟 are both popular variant forms).

79.86

𥊅𥈐 (The first character has the sound 崖 [yái]; the second has the sound 紫 [zǐ]. According to the scripture's context, 𥊅𥈐 means opening the mouth, baring teeth, and making a furious posture as if to bite someone. In the scriptures, writing it with 爪 and 國 as 爴, or with 目 and 此 as 眦, are both copyists' errors and completely groundless. They are now corrected; both are composed of 目 and are phono-semantic characters).

79.87

爮地 (With the fanqie 鮑包 [páo]. It is a popular variant character; sometimes written as 捊, meaning using the forelegs to scrape the ground when cattle, tigers, cats, or dogs are enraged. Sometimes written as 抱. The Yunying says: "To drag or pull toward oneself"; there is no fixed standard form).

79.88

搏齧 (The first character has the sound 博 [bó]. The Kaosheng says: "To strike; to seize; to arrive; to hold. Composed of 手 with 尃 phonetic; writing it with 尃 pronounced tuán is incorrect").

79.89

華婥 (For the first character, writing it as 華 in the scriptural text is incorrect [for 花]. The second character has the fanqie 昌弱 [chuò]. The Mao Shijing says: "婥婥 describes an appearance of relaxed leisure." The Han Shijing says: "A gentle appearance." The Kaosheng says: "婥約 describes a woman's delicate and graceful appearance." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Composed of 女 with 卓 phonetic; sometimes written as 綽, or as 繛").

79.90

霹靂 (The first character has the fanqie 匹亦 [pī]; the second has the fanqie 零的 [lì]. It has already been explained in Fascicle 1 above. In the scriptures it was written as 霹靂, which is an ancient character).

79.91

非蹠 (With the fanqie 征亦 [zhí]. The Chuci says: "蹠 means to tread upon." The Guangya says: "To step on." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To walk; composed of 足 with 庶 phonetic; sometimes written as 跖").

79.92

脣哆 (With the fanqie 多娜 [chě], meaning drooping down).

79.93

匾㔸 (The first character has the fanqie 必沔 [biǎn]; the second has the fanqie 體雞 [tī]. The Kaosheng says: "匾㔸 describes a thin and flat appearance." In the scriptures it is written as 𪖯𪖰, or sometimes with the bird radical as 鶣鶙, or as 鵗; all of these are incorrect).

79.94

掘蒢[刀/臼] (With the fanqie 咸鑒 [xiàn]; sometimes written as 陷. The Guangya says: "A 臽 is a pit." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A small trap-pit; composed of a person [人] above a mortar [臼]; it is a pictographic character").

79.95

忪忪 (With the fanqie 燭容 [chōng]. It is a popular variant character; the standard form is written with 童 and 心 as 憧. The Kaosheng says: "The heart being agitated; 憧 describes fearful palpitation and unease." The Shuowen jiezi says: "The mind being unsettled; composed of 心 with 童 phonetic").

79.96

犇走 (The first character has the fanqie 本門 [bēn], the same as the character 奔. The second is the standard form of the character 走).

79.97

目瞤 (With the fanqie 閏倫 [shùn], meaning the twitching of the eyelids and eyes).

79.98

鬼鬽 (With the fanqie 眉祕 [mèi]; sometimes written as 魅. In the scriptures it is written as [(魅-(白-日)+(色-巴))-未+勿], which is incorrect).

79.99

歔欷 (The first character has the sound 虛 [xū]; the second has the sound 希 [xī]. The Kaosheng says: "Sorrowful sobbing").

79.100

杪生 (The first character has the fanqie 妙縹 [miǎo]. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "杪 means tiny; it also means the tip of a tree branch." Guo Pu says: "The tip of a branch; composed of 木 with 少 phonetic." 梢 has the fanqie 所交 [shāo], which also means the tip of a branch).

79.101

睨眥 (The first character has the fanqie 蜺計 [nì]; the second has the sound 薺 [zì]. According to the scriptural context, 睨眥 means glaring at someone in anger. The Shuowen jiezi says: "To look askance; the appearance of glaring angrily").

79.102

蛇蠆 (The first character has the sound 虵 [shé], which is the standard form of 虵. The second character has the fanqie 丑介 [chài]. The Mao Shijing says: "A 蠆 is a stinging insect; sometimes written as 蠇." The Wenzi dianshuo says: "Wasps and scorpions are venomous stinging insects; composed of 虫 and 苗 is incorrect, for 苗 is actually an ancient pictograph").

79.103

常笮 (The second character has the fanqie 爭格. The Shiji states: “笮 means to press down.” The Shuowen states: “The decking of a roof or boat deck. Analyzed from 竹 [bamboo] with 乍 abbreviated as phonetic.” In the sūtra, writing it with the grass radical as 芲 is incorrect; it ought to follow 竹 [bamboo].)

79.104

爆破 (The first character has the fanqie 苞皃. The Kaosheng states: “Burning firewood or bamboo bursts with a crackling sound; a fierce blaze.” The Wenzi jilüe states: “To burn with fire.” The Shuowen states: “Analyzed from 火 [fire] with 暴 as phonetic.”)

79.105

耿如 (The first character has the fanqie 耕杏. The Guangya states: “耿耿 means restless.” Analyzed from 耳 [ear] and 火 [fire], with 聖 abbreviated as phonetic.)

79.106

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 32

79.107

憋妒 (The first character has the fanqie 片蔑. The Fangyan states: “憋 means an ill-tempered disposition.” Guo's commentary states: “憋怤 means an impatient, irascible disposition.” The Gujin zhengzi states: “Analyzed from 心 [mind] with 敝 as phonetic.” 敝 is pronounced 蔽.)

79.108

啄食 (The first character has the fanqie 丁角. The Kaosheng states: “啄 means to gnaw or peck; birds eating and pecking at things.” Analyzed from 口 [mouth] and 豖. 豖 has the fanqie 丑綠.)

79.109

矇盲 (The first character is pronounced 蒙. The Mao Commentary to the Odes states: “A person who has pupils yet cannot see is called 矇.” It also has the sense of ignorant (童蒙). Analyzed from 目 [eye] with 蒙 as phonetic.)

79.110

蟠結 (The first character is pronounced 盤. The Guangya states: “蟠 means coiled; like a dragon coiling before it has ascended to heaven.”)

79.111

啼唳 (The second character has the fanqie 犁帝. The Yunlüe states: “唳 is the cry of a crane.” The Shuowen states: “A sound. Analyzed from 口 [mouth] with 戾 as phonetic.”)

79.112

曒然 (The first character has the fanqie 澆了. The Mao Commentary to the Odes states: “曒 means brightness.” The Guangya states: “晈晈 means bright.” The Shuowen states: “Analyzed from 日 [sun] with 敫 as phonetic.”)

79.113

瘭疾 (The first character has the fanqie 甫遙. The Guangya states: “瘭 is an ulcerous swelling.” The Jixun also states: “A carbuncle or malignant sore.”)

79.114

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 33

79.115

橛釘 (The first character has the fanqie 拳月. The Guangya states: “橛 is a wooden stake.” The Gujin zhengzi states: “Analyzed from 木 [wood] with 厥 as phonetic.”)

79.116

謫罸 (The first character has the fanqie 張革. The Commentary to the Odes states: “謫 means to blame.” 謫 also means punishment.)

79.117

䥫鋸 (The first character has the fanqie 天結, the standard form of the character 鐵 [iron]. The second character has the fanqie 居御. The Guoyu states: “In ancient penal codes, knives and saws were used.” The Shuowen states: “To sever or rend. Analyzed from 金 [metal] with 居 as phonetic.”)

79.118

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 34

79.119

簏中 (The first character is pronounced 鹿. The Kaosheng states: “A kind of chest.” The Shuowen states: “A small basket or casket. Analyzed from 竹 [bamboo] with 鹿 as phonetic.”)

79.120

鴟鵂 (The first character has the fanqie 齒詩. The Zhuangzi states: “An owl (鵄) is fond of mice.” The Gujin zhengzi states: “Analyzed from 鳥 [bird] with 氏 as phonetic; sometimes written as 鵄.” The second character has the fanqie 朽尤. The Wenzidian shuo states: “The 鵂鶹 [scops owl] is a strange bird; analyzed from 鳥 [bird] with 休 as phonetic; another name is 訓胡.”)

79.121

鵁鶄 (The first character is pronounced 交; the second is pronounced 精. The Shanhaijing states: “On Mount Manlian there is a bird called the jiaojing; they fly in flocks, their tails resemble those of hens, and their cry is their self-call; eating it cures wind disorders.” It is a phono-semantic character.)

79.122

㱇然 (The first character is pronounced 色; it has already been explained in Fascicle 13 above.)

79.123

拕掣 (The first character is pronounced 他. The Kaosheng states: “拕 means to drag.” The Shuowen states: “Analyzed from 毛 [hair] with 它 as phonetic.” 它 has the same pronunciation as the word itself. The second character has the fanqie 冐折. The Kaosheng states: “掣 means to drag or haul.” Gu Yewang states: “掣 means to pull.” The Shuowen states: “Analyzed from 手 [hand] with 制 as phonetic”; sometimes written 摯.)

79.124

癡惷 (The first character has the fanqie 恥知. The second character has the fanqie 卓降. The Kaosheng states: “憃 means foolishness in a young child.” Zheng's commentary to the Zhouli states: “憃 means born foolish and dull-witted. Analyzed from 心 [mind] with 春 as phonetic.”)

79.125

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 35

79.126

陀塞䩭 (The third character has the fanqie 寄冝. A Sanskrit term; here there is no direct translation.)

79.127

迴澓 (The second character has the fanqie 馮福. The Yunlüe states: “Water flowing in an eddy.” The Shuowen states: “Great waters revolving and swirling back are called 澓. Analyzed from 水 [water] with 復 as phonetic.”)

79.128

釰矟 (The second character has the fanqie 霜捉. The Guangya states: “矟 is a spear.” The Wenzidian shuo states: “The halberd-spear of today. Analyzed from 矛 [spear] with 肖 as phonetic.” In the sūtra, writing it as 槊 is the vulgar form.)

79.129

收拔 (The first character has the fanqie 手由. The Erya states: “收 means to assemble.” The Kaosheng states: “To gather up; to arrest.” The Wenzidian shuo states: “To harvest. Analyzed from 攴 with 丩 as phonetic.” 丩 has the fanqie 糺由. The second character has the fanqie 辦八; analyzed with 犮 as phonetic and 手 [hand].)

79.130

矛矟 (The first character has the fanqie 莫侯.)

79.131

搔痒 (The first character has the fanqie 掃遭. Xu Shuzhong's commentary to the Huainanzi states: “搔 means to scrape and scratch with the fingers. Analyzed from 手 [hand] with 蚤 as phonetic.” 蚤 is pronounced 早. The second character is pronounced 養.)

79.132

彷徉 (The first character is pronounced 旁; the second character is pronounced 羊. The Boxue states: “彷徉 means wandering around without advancing.” Gu Yewang states: “Pacing back and forth.” The Wenzidian shuo states: “Both characters are analyzed from 彳, with 方 and 羊 as their respective phonetics.” 彳 has the fanqie 丑尺.)

79.133

吸船 (The first character has the fanqie 歆急. The Mao Commentary to the Odes states: “吸 is like drawing in breath. Analyzed from 口 [mouth] with 及 as phonetic.” In the sūtra text, writing it as 噏 is also acceptable.)

79.134

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 36

79.135

鎢錥 (The first has the fanqie 鄔胡; the second character has the fanqie 融宿. The Picang states: “A wuyu is a small cauldron; also, an earthen wuyu is called cuolu.” Both characters are analyzed from 金 [metal] with 烏 and 育 as their respective phonetics. In the sūtra text, writing it as 𨨡 is incorrect. 銼 has the fanqie 才戈; the second character has the fanqie 力戈. These are used on military campaigns and represent regional dialect variations; the people of Shu call it cuo, with the fanqie 倉臥.)

79.136

不啻 (The second character has the fanqie 施至. The Kaosheng states: “啻 means exceeding the proper measure.” The Shangshu states: “Such was not merely this.” The Shuowen states: “A discourse particle; 啻. Analyzed from 帝 and 口 [mouth]”; sometimes written 商, which is the same, distinguished only in script.)

79.137

器具 (The second character has the fanqie 劬句. In the sūtra text it is written 蕖, pronounced 渠, which is incorrect in sound and meaning.)

79.138

鏝慈 (The first character has the fanqie 滿官. A Sanskrit word; a name of a Western region.)

79.139

鵚䲷 (The first character is pronounced 禿; the second is pronounced 澆; already explained in Fascicle 8 above.)

79.140

處圂 (The second character has the fanqie 塊困.)

79.141

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 37

79.142

齅跡 (The first character has the fanqie 休又. The Shuowen states: “To take the nose toward an odor is called 齅.” In the sūtra text, writing it as 𭊴 is a vulgar form and incorrect. Other texts should follow this.)

79.143

羖羊 (The first character has the fanqie 姑戶. 羖 is a black ram.)

79.144

憎前 (The first character has the fanqie 則登. The Han Commentary to the Odes states: “憎 means to dislike.” The Fangyan states: “To detest; between Qi and Lu, mutual hatred is called 憎.” The Shuowen states: “Analyzed from 心 [mind].”)

79.145

椎拍 (The first character has the fanqie 墜追; the second character has the fanqie 怕迫. The Shuowen states: “A hammer for striking things. Analyzed from 木 [wood] with 隹 as phonetic.” The Shuowen states: “拍 means to push; to pat gently with fond affection. Analyzed from 手 [hand] with 白 as phonetic.” In the sūtra, writing it with 木 [wood] is erroneous.)

79.146

氍毹 (The first character has the fanqie 具俱; the second character has the fanqie 數俱. The Kaosheng states: “氍毹 is wool woven into cloth with colored patterns; also called 𦋺, being a woolen textile produced in the kingdom of Jibin.”)

79.147

稍稍 (With the fanqie 稍絞. Gu Yewang states: “稍稍 means gradually encroaching.”)

79.148

迮意 (The first character has the fanqie 臧洛. Here we pronounce it according to the meaning in the sūtra, not following the reading for ‘to blame’ [ze]. The Cang Jie pian states: “迮 means to arise suddenly; the sense of being hasty and abrupt.” The Shuowen gives the same definition.)

79.149

蝝飛 (The first character is pronounced 緣, a flying nit; another pronunciation has the fanqie 血緣, which is also acceptable; a small flying larva, a dialectal corruption.)

79.150

蝡動 (The first character has the fanqie 潤准. 蝡蝡 describes the wriggling motion of insects.)

79.151

霍然 (The first character has the fanqie 荒郭; sometimes written 靃. The Shuowen states: “A short-tailed bird flying in the rain with a whooshing sound (huohuo); an ideogram.”)

79.152

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 38

79.153

畢𠲿 (The second character has the fanqie 醉髓. The Shuowen states: “Analyzed from 口 [mouth] with 束 as phonetic.” 束 is pronounced 次 and is not the character 朿; it is a pictograph. This 畢𠲿 is a Sanskrit word, the name of a woman from the Western regions.)

79.154

愁憒 (The second character has the fanqie 古對. The Kaosheng states: “Within the mind, 憒憒 means troubled and sorrowful.” The Cang Jie pian states: “The mind agitated and disordered.” The Shuowen gives it as a phono-semantic character.)

79.155

姑妐 (The second character is pronounced 忪. The Kaosheng states: “A bride calls her husband’s elder brothers and sisters 妐; 舅姑 refers to the husband’s father and mother.”)

79.156

聳搏 (The first character has the fanqie 粟勇. Guo's commentary to the Erya states: “聳 means startled and frightened.” The Gujin zhengzi states: “Being deaf from birth is called 聳.” The Shuowen states: “Analyzed from 耳 [ear] and 從 [follow].” The second character is pronounced 博. The Kaosheng states: “搏 means to strike; to seize.” The Shenglei states: “尃.” The Shuowen states: “Analyzed from 手 [hand] with 專 as phonetic; 專 follows 尃.”)

79.157

尤劇 (The second character has the fanqie 擎逆. The Yupian states: “劇 means severe; an illness worse than before.” The Gujin zhengzi states: “Analyzed from 刀 [knife] with 豦 as phonetic.” 豦 has the fanqie 拒魚.)

79.158

隨嵐 (The second character is 藍. The Gujin zhengzi states: “嵐 is a mountain wind. Because the Northern Di language calls a ferocious wind kelan, this character 嵐 was subsequently written down, and the military garrison of Lanzhou was established on this account.” A whirlwind is a great wind.)

79.159

洪光 (The first character is pronounced 紅. Kong's commentary to the Shangshu states: “洪 means vast; the appearance of surging waters.” The Shuowen states: “Analyzed from 水 [water] with 共 as phonetic.” Writing it with 口 [mouth] as 哄 is an error.)

79.160

Jinglü yixiang, Fascicle 39

79.161

鍱鍱 (Pronounced 葉. The Kaosheng states: “Plates of copper or iron.” The Shuowen states: “The people of Qi call 鏶 ‘鍱’.” 鏶 is pronounced 集; that is, thin metal sheeting.)

79.162

羼提 (The first character has the fanqie 昌善; it also has the fanqie 差簡; both sounds are identical to the above sound corruption. The second character has the fanqie 切. In the Tang language this means forbearance (kṣānti). This phrase is the Sanskrit name of the third pāramitā. There are five kinds of forbearance as explained in the Renwang jing, or three.)

79.163

Bōjié 撥刧 (the first character is pronounced bo; also Sanskrit: the name of a western ṛṣi).

79.164

Sāojí 臊疾 (the first character has the fanqie s- + z- [sǎo zāo]; the character dictionaries state it means rank, foul, and defiled, or underarm body odor; the Shuowen jiezi analyzes it as having the radical 'flesh' (肉) and phonetic 喿 [zào], with 喿 pronounced s- + z- [sāng zào]).

79.165

Xìngzào 性躁 (the second character has the fanqie z- + s- [zāo sào]; the Kaosheng states it means 'impatient nature'; the Shifa [Rules of Posthumous Titles] states that fondness for change and upheaval is called zào; in the sūtra text it is written as 躁, which is incorrect; the Shuowen jiezi analyzes it as having phonetic 喿).

79.166

Shǒuqíng 手擎 (the second character has the fanqie p- + j- [pǔ jīng]; the Guangya states that qíng means 'to raise up'; the Gujin zhengzi analyzes it as having radical 'hand' (手) and phonetic jìng (敬); in the sūtra text it is written as 擎, which is incorrect).

79.167

Bòshāng 擘傷 (the first character is pronounced bǎi; Zheng's commentary on the Kaogongji states that bò means 'to split or tear open'; the Shuowen jiezi analyzes it as having radical 'hand' (手) and phonetic pì (辟); in the sūtra text it is written with 'knife' (刀) as 劈, which is incorrect; it is pronounced p- + y- [pǐ yì], which does not convey the meaning intended in the sūtra).

79.168

Jinglü yixiang (A Canonical and Monastic Collection of Rarities), Fascicle 40

79.169

Jiāncǎo 菅草 (fanqie j- + y- [jiǎn yán]; the Yunying states it is white-flowering cogongrass; the Yunquan states it belongs to the thatch category; this grass is tough and fit for making rope or mats; also written as 葌; the character has radical 'grass' (艸) and phonetic guān (官)).

79.170

Zújué 足蹶 (the second character is pronounced jué, fanqie j- + y- [juàn yuè]; Jia's commentary on the Guoyu states it means 'to run'; the Yupian states it means 'alarmed and terrified', conveying the sense of haste; the Gujin zhengzi analyzes it as having radical 'foot' (足) and phonetic jué (厥); it is a phono-semantic character).

79.171

Huānghū 慌忽 (the first character has the fanqie h- + g- [huò guǎng]; Zheng's commentary on the Liji states that huānghū means one's pensive longings grow increasingly deep; the Hanshu yinyi states it means 'disordered'; the Gujin zhengzi analyzes it as having radical 'heart' (心) and phonetic huāng (㠩); 㠩 is pronounced huāng).

79.172

Jinglü yixiang (A Canonical and Monastic Collection of Rarities), Fascicle 41

79.173

Dānījī 檀膩䩭 (pronounced jī; Sanskrit: a personal name; also called Dhaniya [Tánníjiā 檀尼迦]).

79.174

Yèwǎn 抴挽 (the first character has the fanqie y- + j- [yí jì]; also written as 拽; it means 'to drag and haul with force'; it has radical 'hand' (手) and phonetic shì (世)).

79.175

Zhìlì 歭立 (fanqie zh- + y- [chí yǐ]; the Yunying states that zhì means 'to halt', not proceeding forward; it has radical 'foot/halt' (止)).

79.176

Pūfó 撲佛 (fanqie p- + b- [pǔ bǔ]; the Yunying states that pū means 'to strike, to beat'; the Shuowen jiezi analyzes it as having radical 'hand' (扌) and phonetic pū (菐); 菐 is pronounced bǔ).

79.177

Zhuādǎ 撾打 (fanqie zhu- + g- [zhuà guā]; the Yunying states that zhuā means 'to strike'; it has radical 'hand' (手) and phonetic guò (過); zhuà has the fanqie zhu- + g- [zhuā guǎ], with radical 叕).

79.178

Gāndiàn 甘澱 (fanqie t- + l- [tián liàn]; the Yunying states it means dregs and filth; the Shuowen jiezi analyzes it as having radical 'water' (水) and phonetic diàn (殿); also written as 𪎨).

79.179

Kūntóu shāmén 髠頭沙門 (the first character has the fanqie k- + k- [kǔn kūn]; the Kaosheng states it means 'to remove the hair'; the Wenzidian shuo states it means 'to shave the hair'; the Gujin zhengzi analyzes it as having radical 'hair' (髟) and phonetic jǐ (几); shaving [剔] has the fanqie t- + y- [tīng yì]).

79.180

Jinglü yixiang (A Canonical and Monastic Collection of Rarities), Fascicle 42

79.181

Míntú 琝荼 (the first character has the fanqie m- + b- [mì bīn]; Sanskrit: a personal name; also called Wéntú 文荼 [Muṇḍa]; a very wealthy man).

79.182

Sì sìbù 飤四部 (the first character is pronounced sì; the Yunying states that sì means 'to feed, food'; in the sūtra text it is written with tái (台) as 飴, which are interchangeable).

79.183

Yīguǒ 一裹 (pronounced guǒ; reading it in the falling tone is also acceptable).

79.184

Shújìn 抒盡 (fanqie ch- + y- [chú yǔ]; the Yunying states it means 'to remove', 'to ladle out'; the Gujin zhengzi analyzes it as having radical 'hand' (手) and phonetic zǐ (子)).

79.185

Qiǎngfù 襁負 (the first character has the fanqie j- + y- [jiāng yǎng]; qiǎngbǎo refers to swaddling clothes; the Kaosheng states that wrapping an infant in silk and carrying it on the back is called qiǎng).

79.186

Qìxíng 跂行 (fanqie q- + y- [qǐ yǐ]; the Kaosheng states it means walking on tiptoe; also written as 𨑤 or 歧; Guo's commentary on the Erya states that flying backward depends on one's legs, like waterbirds, and is called qìxíng; it has radical 'foot' (足) and phonetic zhī (支)).

79.187

Suāntuólì 酸陀利 (the first character has the fanqie s- + d- [suàn duān]; Sanskrit: the name of a western minister; also named Sūntuólì 孫陀利 [Sundari]).

79.188

Jinglü yixiang (A Canonical and Monastic Collection of Rarities), Fascicle 43

79.189

Sǒngrán 竦然 (the first character has the fanqie s- + y- [sù yǒng]; sǒngxī means solemnly respectful; also written with radical 'heart' as 悚, meaning fearful; it has radical 'stand' (立)).

79.190

Bǐngsī 稟斯 (fanqie b- + p- [bēi pǐn]; the Yunying states it means bestowing grain, or receiving and accepting; it has radical 'altar/sign' (示) and phonetic 㐭).

79.191

Gāotī 高梯 (fanqie t- + x- [tǐ xī]; Jia's commentary on the Guoyu states that tī means stairs; the Shuowen jiezi states it means wooden stairs; it has radical 'wood' (木) and phonetic dì (弟)).

79.192

Tàqiáng 蹹牆 (the first character has the fanqie t- + h- [tán hé]; in the sūtra text it is written as 蹹, which is incorrect; the second character has the fanqie j- + y- [jiàng yáng]; in the sūtra text it is written with 'earth' (土) as 墻, which is incorrect).

79.193

Jiǎoshēn 繳身 (fanqie j- + l- [jiāo liǎo]; the Kaosheng states it means 'to wind around'; also written with radical 'cloth' as 憿).

79.194

Gǔsāi 鼓鰓 (fanqie s- + l- [sāi lái]; the Yunying states that sāi refers to the cheeks of a fish; gǔsāi means puffing out both cheeks; it has radical 'fish' (魚) and phonetic sī (思)).

79.195

Juǎnchā 捲扠 (the first character has the fanqie k- + y- [kuí yuán]; the Kaosheng states it means balling up the hand; the second character has the fanqie ch- + j- [chǒu jiē]; it means striking someone with a fist, to beat; both are phono-semantic characters).

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese