Manava Dharmashastra 3

Manvarthamuktāvalī 3

Language: Sanskrit

3.1

nātrecchā niṣidhyate kiṃtu śāstroktakarmasu samyagvṛttirvidhīyate| bandhahetuphalābhilāṣaṃ vinā śāstrīyakarmaṇāmanuṣṭhānaṃ teṣu samyagvṛttiḥ samyagvartamāno'maralokatāmamaradharmakaṃ brahmabhāvaṃ gacchati| mokṣaṃ prāpnotītyarthaḥ tathābhūtaśca sarveśvaratvādihāpi loke sarvānabhilaṣitānprāpnoti| tathāca chāndogye-‘‘sa yadi pitṛlokakāmo bhavati saṃkalpāpādevāsya pitaraḥ samuttiṣṭhanti’’ (8/2/1) ityādi|
5||
idānīṃ dharmapramāṇānyāha-

3.3

5) iti dvitīyā| prathamasaṃdhyāṃ sūryadarśanaparyantaṃ sāvitrīṃ japaṃstiṣṭhet| āsanādutthāya nivṛttagatirekatra deśe kuryāt| paścimāṃ tu saṃdhyāṃ sāvitrīṃ japansam‍yaṅnakṣatradarśanaparyantamupaviṣṭaḥ syāt| atra ca phalavattvājjapaḥ pradhānaṃ sthānāsane tvaṅge| ‘‘phalavatsannidhāvaphalaṃ tadaṅgam’’ iti nyāyāt| ‘‘saṃdhyayorvedavidvipro vedapuṇyena yujyate|’’ (a0 2 ślo0 78) ‘‘sahasrakṛtvastvabhyasya’’ (a0 2 ślo0 79) iti ca pūrvaṃ japātphalamuktam| medhātithistu sthānāsanayoreva prādhānyamāha| saṃdhyākālaśca muhūrtamātram| tadāha yogiyājñavalkyaḥ—‘‘hrāsavṛddhī tu satataṃ divasānāṃ yathākramam| saṃdhyā muhūrtamātraṃ tu hrāse vṛddhau ca sā smṛtā’’|

3.4

sūryanakṣatravarjitaḥ kālaḥ samayādhyuṣitaśabdenocyate| udayātpūrvamaruṇakiraṇavānpraviralatārako'nuditakālaḥ| parasparaviruddhakālaśravaṇe'pi sarvathā vikalpenāgnihotrahomaḥ pravartate| devatoddeśena dravyatyāgaguṇayogādyajñaśabdo'tra gauṇaḥ| "udite hotavyam" ityādikā vaidikī śrutiḥ|
6) iti dvandvaikavadbhāvaḥ| tasmiñchreyasā vidyādyadhikena guruṇā cādhyācarite sādhāraṇyena svīkṛte ca tatkālamapi nāsīta| svayaṃ ca śayyāsanastho gurāvāgate utthāyābhivādanaṃ kuryāt |
91) iti karmapravacanīyasaṃjñā, tataḥ karmapravacanīyayukte dvitīyā| sāvitrījapaṃ tu gautamavacanāt| tadāha gautamaḥ- “sūryābhyudito brahmacārī tiṣṭhedaharabhuñjānobhyastamitaśca rātriṃ japansāvitrīm”| nanu gautamavacanātsūryābhyuditasyaiva dinābhojanajapāvuktau, abhyastamitasya tu rātryabhojanajapau, naitat| apekṣāyāṃ vyākhyāsaṃdehe vā munyantaravivṛtamarthamanvayaṃ vāśriyāmahe natu sphuṭaṃ manvarthaṃ smṛtyantaradarśanādanyathā kurmaḥ| ataeva japāpekṣāyāṃ gautamavacanātsāvitrījapo'bhyupeya eva na tūbhayatra sphuṭaṃ manūktaṃ dinopavāsajapāvapākurmaḥ| tasmādabhyastamitasya mānavagautamīyaprāyaścittavikalpaḥ|

3.5

tasmindeśe prāyeṇa śiṣṭānāṃ saṃbhavātteṣāṃ brāhmaṇādivarṇānāṃ saṃkīrṇajātiparyantānāṃ ya ācāraḥ pāraṃparyakramāgato na tvidānīṃtanaḥ sa sadācāro'bhidhīyate |

3.6

veda ṛgyajuḥsāmātharvaralakṣaṇaḥ sa sarvo vidhyarthavādamantrātmā dharme mūlaṃ pramāṇam| arthavādānāmapi vidhyekavākyatayā stāvakatvena dharme prāmāṇyāt| yadāha jaiminiḥ ‘‘vidhinātvekavākyatvātstutyarthena vidhīnāṃ syuḥ’’ mantrārthavādānāmapi vidhivākyaikavā kyatayaiva dharme prāmāṇyaṃ, prayogakāle cānuṣṭheyasmārakatvaṃ, vedasya ca dharme prāmāṇyaṃ yathānubhavakaraṇatvarūpaṃ nyāyasiddham| smṛtyādīnāmapi tanmūlatvenaiva prāmāṇyapratipādanārthamanūdyate| manvādīnāṃ ca vedavidāṃ smṛtidharme pramāṇam| vedavidāmiti viśeṣaṇopādānādvedamūlatvenaiva smṛtyādīnāṃ prāmāṇyamabhimatam| śīlaṃ brahmaṇyatādirūpam| tadāha hārītaḥ-“brahmaṇyatā devapitṛbhaktatā saumyatā aparopatāpitā anasūyatā mṛdutā apāruṣyaṃ maitratā priyavāditvaṃ kṛtajñatā śaraṇyatā kāruṇyaṃ praśāntiśceti trayodaśavidhaṃ śīlam”| govindarājastu śīlaṃ rāgadveṣaparityāga ityāha| ācāraḥ kambalavalkalādyācaraṇarūpaḥ, sādhūnāṃ dhārmikāṇāṃ ātmatuṣṭiśca vaikalpikapadārthaviṣayā dharme pramāṇam| tadāha gargaḥ-“vaikalpike ātmatuṣṭiḥ pramāṇam”|
vedādanyeṣāṃ vedamūlatvena prāmāṇye'bhihite'pi manusmṛteḥ sarvotkarṣajñāpanāya viśeṣeṇa vedamūlatāmāha-
āyuṣo hitamannaṃ prāṅmukho bhuṅkte| āyuḥkāmaḥ prāṅmukho bhuṅkta ityarthaḥ| yaśase hitaṃ dakṣiṇāmukhaḥ| śriyamicchanpratyaṅmukhaḥ| ṛtaṃ satyaṃ tatphalamicchannudaṅmukho bhuñjīta|

3.7

yaḥ kaścitkasyacidbrāhmaṇādermanunā dharma uktaḥ sa sarvo vede pratipāditaḥ| yasmātsarvajño'sau manuḥ sarvajñatayā cotsannaviprakīrṇapaṭhyamānavedārthaṃ samyagjñātvā lokahitāyopanibaddhavān| govindarājastu sarvajñānamaya ityasya sarvajñānārabdha iva veda iti vedaviśeṣaṇatāmāha|

3.8

sarvaṃ śāstrajātaṃ vedārthāvagamocitaṃ jñānaṃ mīmāṃsāvyākaraṇādikaṃ jñānameva cakṣustenanikhilaṃ tadviśeṣeṇa paryālocya vedaprāmāṇyenānuṣṭheyamavagamya svadharme'vatiṣṭheta|
laukikamarthaśāstrādijñānaṃ, vaidikaṃ vedārthajñānaṃ ādhyātmikaṃ brahmajñānaṃ' yasmāttu gṛhṇāti taṃ bahumānyamadhye sthitaṃ prathamamabhivādayet| laukikādijñānadātṛṇāmeva trayāṇāṃ samavāye yathottaraṃ mānyatvam |

3.9

śrutismṛtyuditaṃ dharmamanutiṣṭhanmānava iha loke dhārmikatvenānuṣaṅgikīṃ kīrtiṃ paraloke ca dharmaphalamutkṛṣṭaṃ svargāpavargādisukharūpaṃ prāpnoti| anena vāstavaguṇakathanena śrutismṛtyuditaṃ dharmamanutiṣṭhediti vidhiḥ kalpyate|

3.10

lokaprasiddhasaṃjñāsaṃjñisaṃbandhānuvādo'yaṃ śrutismṛtyoḥ pratikūlatarkeṇāmīmāṃsyatvavidhānārthaṃ, smṛteḥ śrutitulyatvabodhanenācārādibhyo balavattvapratipādanārthaṃ ca| tena smṛtiviruddhācāro heya ityasya phalam| śrutirvedaḥ manvādiśāstraṃ smṛtiḥ te ubhe pratikūlatarkerna vicārayitavye| yatastābhyāṃ niḥśeṣeṇa dharmo babhau prakāśatāṃ gataḥ|
brahmacārī na ekānna‌madyātkintu bahugṛhāhṛtabhikṣāsamūhena pratyahaṃ jīvet| yasmādbhikṣāsamūhena brahmacāriṇo vṛttirupavāsatulyā munibhiḥ smṛtā |

3.11

punaste dve śrutismṛtī dvijo'vamanyeta sa śiṣṭairdvijānuṣṭheyādhyayanādikarmaṇo niḥsāryaḥ| pūrvaśloke sāmānyenāmīmāṃsye iti mīmāṃsāniṣedhādanukūlamīmāṃsāpi na pravartanīyeti bhramo mābhūditi viśeṣayati— hetuśāstrāśrayāt| vedavākyamapramāṇaṃ vākyatvāt vipralambhakavākyavadityādipratikūlatarkāviṣṭambhena cārvākādināstika iva nāstikaḥ| yato vedanindakaḥ|
idānīṃ śīlasyācāra evāntarbhāvasaṃbhavādbhedamūlataiva tantraṃ na smṛtiśīlādiprakāraniyama iti darśayituṃ caturdhā dharmapramāṇamāha—
iti śrīkullūkabhaṭṭakṛtāyāṃ manvarthamuktāvalyāṃ manuvṛttau dvitīyo'dhyāyaḥ|

3.12

vedo dharmapramāṇaṃ sa kvacitpratyakṣaḥ kvacitsmṛtyānumita ityevaṃ tātparyaṃ na tu pramāṇaparigaṇane | ataeva “śrutismṛtyuditaṃ dharmaṃ” (a0 2 ślo0 9) ityatra dvayamevābhihitavān| sadācāraḥ śiṣṭācāraḥ svasya cātmanaḥ priyamātmatuṣṭiḥ |

3.13

arthakāmeṣvasaktānāṃ arthakāmalipsāśūnyānāṃ dharmopadeśo'yam | ye tvarthakāmasamīhayā lokapratipattyarthaṃ dharmamanutiṣṭhanti na teṣāṃ karmaphalamityarthaḥ| dharmaṃ ca jñātumicchatāṃ prakṛṣṭaṃ pramāṇaṃ śrutiḥ | prakarṣabodhanena ca śrutismṛtivirodhe smṛtyartho nādaraṇīya iti bhāvaḥ| ataeva jābālaḥ-‘‘śrutismṛtivirodhe tu śrutireva garīyasī | avirodhe sadā kāryaṃ smārtaṃ vaidikavatsatā ||’’ bhaviṣyapurāṇe'pyuktam—‘‘śrutyā saha virodhe tu bādhyate viṣayaṃ vinā’’ | jaiminirapyāha—‘‘virodhe tvanapekṣaṃ syādasati hyanumānakam’’| śrutivirodhe smṛtivākyamanapekṣyamapramāṇamanādaraṇīyam | asati virodhe mūlavedānumānamityarthaḥ |

3.14

yatra punaḥ śrutyoreva dvaidhaṃ parasparaviruddhārthapratipādanaṃ tatra dvāvapi dharmau manunā smṛtau | tulyabalatayā vikalpānuṣṭhānavidhānena ca virodhābhāvaḥ| yasmānmanvādibhyaḥ pūrvatairapi vidvadbhiḥ samyak samīcīnau dvāvapi tau dharmāvuktau | samānanyāyatayā smṛtyorapi virodhe vikalpa iti prakṛtopayogastulyabalatvāviśeṣāt | tadāha gautamaḥ‘‘tulyabalavirodhe vikalpaḥ’’|
atra dṛṣṭāntamāha-

3.16

garbhādhānādirantyeṣṭiparyanto yasya varṇasya mantrairanuṣṭhānakalāpa ukto dvijāterityarthaḥ| tasyāsminmānavadharmaśāstre'dhyayane śravaṇe'dhikāraḥ na tvanyasya kasyacicchūdrādeḥ| etacchāstrānuṣṭhānaṃ ca yathādhikāraṃ sarvaireva kartavyaṃ, pravacanaṃ tvasyādhyāpanaṃ vyākhyānarūpaṃ brāhmaṇakartṛkameveti viduṣā brāhmaṇenetyatra vyākhyātam|
dharmasya svarūpaṃ pramāṇaṃ paribhāṣāṃ coktvā idānīṃ dharmānuṣṭhānayogyadeśānāha-

3.17

sarasvatīdṛṣadvatyornadyorubhayormadhyaṃ brahmāvartaṃ deśamāhuḥ| devanadīdevanirmitaśabdau nadīdeśaprāśastyārthau |

3.19

matsyādiśabdāḥ bahuvacanāntā eva deśaviśeṣavācakāḥ| pañcālāḥ kānyakubjadeśāḥ| śūrasenakā mathurādeśāḥ| eṣa brahmarṣideśo brahmāvartātkiṃcidūnaḥ |

3.20

kurukṣetrādideśajātasya brāhmaṇasya sakāśātsarvamanuṣyā ātmīyamātmīyamācāraṃ śikṣeran |

3.21

uttaradakṣiṇadigavasthitau himavadvindhyau parvatau tayoryanmadhyaṃ vinaśanātsarasvatyantardhānadeśādyatpūrvaṃ prayāgācca yatpaścimaṃ sa madhyadeśanāmā deśaḥ kathitaḥ|

3.22

ā pūrvasamudrāt ā paścimasamudrāddhimavadvindhyayośca yanmadhyaṃ tamāryāvartadeśaṃ paṇḍitā jānanti| maryādāyāmayamaṅ nābhividhau| tena samudramadhyadvīpānāṃ nāryāvartatā| āryā atrāvartante punaḥpunarudbhavantītyāryāvartaḥ|

3.23

kṛṣṇasāro mṛgo yatra svabhāvato vasati na tu balādānītaḥ sa yajñārho deśo jñātavya| anyo mlecchadeśo na yajñārha ityarthaḥ|

3.24

anyadeśodbhavā api dvijātayo yajñārthatvādadṛṣṭārthatvāccaitāndeśānprayatnādāśrayeran| śūdrastu vṛttipīḍito vṛttyarthamanyadeśamapyāśrayet|

3.25

eṣā yuṣmākaṃ dharmasya yoniḥ saṃkṣepeṇoktā| yonirjñaptikāraṇaṃ “vedo'khilo dharmamūlam” (a0 2 ślo0 6) ityādinoktamityarthaḥ| govindarājastviha dharmaśabdo'pūrvākhyātmakadharme vartata iti “vidvadbhiḥ sevita” (a0 2 ślo0 1) ityatra tatkāraṇe'ṣṭakādau vā'pūrvākhyasya dharmasya yoniriti vyākhyātavān| saṃbhavaścotpattirjagataityuktā| idānīṃ varṇadharmāñchṛṇuta| varṇadharmaśabdaśca varṇadharmāśramadharmavarṇāśramadharmaguṇadharmanaimittikadharmāṇāmupalakṣakaḥ| te ca bhaviṣyapurāṇoktāḥ–“varṇadharmaḥ smṛtastveka āśramāṇāmataḥ param| varṇāśramastṛtīyastu gauṇo naimittikastathā|| varṇatvamekamāśritya yo dharmaḥ saṃpravartate| varṇadharmaḥ sa uktastu yathopanayanaṃ nṛpa|| yastvāśramaṃ samāśritya adhikāraḥ pravartate| sa khalvāśramadharmastu bhikṣādaṇḍādiko yathā| varṇatvamāśramatvaṃ ca yo'dhikṛtya pravartate| sa varṇāśramadharmastu mauñjīyā mekhalā yathā| yo guṇena pravarteta guṇadharmaḥ sa ucyate| yathā mūrdhābhiṣiktasya prajānāṃ paripālanam|| nimittamekamāśritya yo dharmaḥ saṃpravartate| naimittikaḥ saḥ vijñeyaḥ prāyaścittavidhiryathā”|

3.26

vedamūlatvādvaidikaiḥ puṇyaiḥ śubhairmantrayogādikarmabhirdvijātīnāṃ garbhādhānādiśarīrasaṃskāraḥ kartavyaḥ| pāvanaḥ pāpakṣayahetuḥ| pretya paraloke saṃskṛtasya yāgādiphalasaṃbandhāt, iha loke ca vedādhyayanādyadhikārāt|
kutaḥ pāpasaṃbhavo yenaiṣāṃ pāpakṣayahetutvamata āha-

3.27

ye garbhaśuddhaye kriyante te gārbhāḥ| homagrahaṇamupalakṣaṇam| garbhādhānāderhomarūpatvāt jātasya yatkarma mantravatsarpiḥprāśanādirūpaṃ tajjātakarma| cauḍaṃ cūḍākaraṇakarma| mauñjīnibandhanamupanayanam| etairbaijikaṃ pratiṣiddhamaithunasaṃkalpādinā ca paitṛkaretodoṣādyadyatpāpaṃ gārbhikaṃ cāśucimātṛgarbhavāsajaṃ taddvijātīnāmapamṛjyate|

3.28

3.29

nābhicchedanātprāk puruṣasya jātakarmākhyaḥ saṃskāraḥ kriyate| tadā cāsya svagṛhyoktamantraiḥ svarṇamadhughṛtānāṃ prāśanam|

3.30

jātakarmeti pūrvaśloke janmanaḥ prastutatvājjanmāpekṣayaiva daśame dvādaśe vāhani asya śiśornāmadheyaṃ svayamasaṃbhave kārayet| athavā ‘‘āśauce tu vyatikrānte nāmakarma vidhīyate’’ iti śaṅkhavacanāddaśame'hanyatīte ekādaśāha iti vyākhyem| tatrāpyakaraṇe praśaste tithau praśasta eva muhūrte nakṣatre ca guṇavatyeva jyotiṣāvagate kartavyam| vā śabdo'vadhāraṇe|

3.31

brāhmaṇādīnāṃ yathākarma maṅgalabaladhananindāvācakāni śubhabalavasudīnādīni nāmāni kartavyāni |
idānīmupapadaneyimārthamāha-

3.32

eṣāṃ yathākarma śarmarakṣāpuṣṭipraiṣyavācakāni kartavyāni, śarmavarmabhūtidāsādīni upapadāni kāryāṇi| udāharaṇāni tu śubhaśarmā, balavarmā, vasubhūtiḥ, dīnadāsa, iti tathā ca yamaḥ ‘‘śarma devaśca viprasya varma trātā ca bhūbhujaḥ| bhūtidattaśca vaiśyasya dāsaḥ śūdrasya kārayet|| ’’ viṣṇupurāṇe'pyuktam-‘‘śarmavadbrāhmaṇasyoktaṃ varmeti kṣatrasaṃyutam| guptadāsātmakaṃ nāma praśastaṃ vaiśyaśūdrayoḥ’’|

3.33

sukhoccāryamakrūrārthavāci vyaktābhidheyaṃ manaḥprītijananaṃ maṅgalavāci dīrghasvarāntaṃ āśīrvācakenābhidhānena śabdenopetaṃ strīṇāṃ nāma kartavyam| yathā yaśodādevīti |

3.34

caturthe māse bālasya janmagṛhānniṣkramaṇamādityadarśanārthaṃ kāryam| annaprāśanaṃ ca ṣaṣṭhe māse, athavā kuladharmatvena yanmaṅgalamiṣṭaṃ tatkartavyaṃ tenoktakālādanyakāle'pi niṣkramaṇam| tathāca yamaḥ‘‘tatastṛtīye kartavyaṃ māsi sūryasya darśanam’’ sakalasaṃskāraśeṣaścāyam| tena nāmnāṃ śadiākamapyupapadaṃ kulācāreṇa kartavyam|

3.35

cūr̤ākaraṇaṃ prathame varṣe tṛtīye vā dvijātīnāṃ dharmato dharmārthaṃ kāryam| śruticodanāt| “yatra bāṇāḥ saṃpatanti kumārā viśikhā iva" iti mantraliṅgātkuladharmānusāreṇāyaṃ vyavasthitavikalpaḥ| ata evāśvalāyanagṛhyam- "tṛtīye varṣe caulaṃ yathākuladharmaṃ vā" (a0 1 khaṃ0 17) |

3.36

garbhavarṣādaṣṭame varṣe brāhmaṇasyopanāyanaṃ kartavyam| upanayanamevopanāyanam| “anyeṣāmapi dṛśyate" (pā0 sū0 6/3/137) iti dīrghaḥ| garbhekādaśe kṣatriyasya garbhadvādaśe vaiśyasya |

3.37

vedādhyayanatadarthajñānādiprakarṣakṛtaṃ tejo brahmavarcasaṃ tatkāmasya brāhmaṇasya garbhapañcame varṣe upanayanaṃ kāryam| kṣatriyasya hastyaśvādirājyabalārthino garbhaṣaṣṭhe| vaiśyasya bahukṛṣyādiceṣṭārthino garbhāṣṭame garbhavarṣāṇāmeva prakṛtatvāt| yadyapi bālasya kāmanā na saṃbhavati tathāpi tatpitureva tadgataphalakāmanā tasminnupacaryate|

3.38

abhividhāvāṅ| brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāmuktāṣṭamaikādaśadvādaśavarṣadvaiguṇyasya vivakṣitatvāt ṣoḍaśavarṣaparyantaṃ brāhmaṇasya sāvitryarthe vacanamupanayanaṃ nātikrāntakālaṃ bhavati| kṣatriyasya dvāviṃśativarṣaparyantam| vaiśyasya caturviṃśativarṣaparyantam| atra maryādāyāmāṅ| kecidvyākhyāpayanti yamavacanadarśanāt| tathā ca yamaḥ-‘‘patitā yasya sāvitrī daśa varṣāṇi pañca ca| brāhmaṇasya viśeṣeṇa tathā rājanyavaiśyayoḥ| prāyaścittaṃ bhavedeṣāṃ provāca vadatāṃ varaḥ| vivasvataḥ sutaḥ śrīmānyamo dharmārthatattvavit|| saśikhaṃ vapanaṃ kṛtvā vrataṃ kuryātsamāhitaḥ| haviṣyaṃ bhojayedannaṃ brāhmaṇānsapta pañca vā’’|

3.39

ete brāhmaṇadayo yathākālaṃ yo yasyāndukalpiko'pyupanayanakāla uktaḥ ṣoḍaśavarṣādiparyantaṃ tatrāsaṃskṛtāstadūrdhvaṃ sāvitrīpatitā upanayanahīnāḥ śiṣṭagarhitā vrātyasaṃjñā bhavanti| saṃjñāprayojanaṃ ca ‘vrātyānāṃ yājanaṃ kṛtvā’’ (a0 11 ślo0 197) ityādinā vyavahārasiddhiḥ|

3.40

etairapūtairvrātyairyathāvidhiprāyaścittamakṛtavadbhiḥ saha āpatkāle'pi kadācidadhyāpanakanyādānādīn saṃbandhānbrāhmaṇo nānutiṣṭhet|

3.41

kārṣṇa iti viśeṣānabhidhāne'pi mṛgaviśeṣo rurusāhacaryāt| ‘‘hāriṇamaiṇeyaṃ vā kārṣṇaṃ vā brāhmaṇasya’’ ityāpastambavacanācca kṛṣṇamṛgo gṛhyate| kṛṣṇamṛgarurucchāgacarmāṇi brahmacāriṇa uttarīyāṇi vasīran| ‘‘carmāṇyuttarīyāṇi’’ iti gṛhyavacanāt| tathā śaṇakṣumāmeṣalomabhavānyadhovasanāni brāhmaṇādayaḥ krameṇa paridadhīran |

3.42

muñjamayī triguṇā samaguṇatrayanirmitā sukhasparśā brāhmaṇasya mekhalā kartavyā| kṣatriyasya mūrvāmayī jyā dhanurguṇarūpā mekhalā| ato jyātvavināśāpattestrivṛttvaṃ nāstīti medhātithigovindarājau| vaiśyasya śaṇasūtramayī| atra vaiguṇyamanuvartata eva| "triguṇāḥ pradakṣiṇā mekhalā" iti sāmānyena pracetasā traiguṇyābhidhānāt|

3.43

kartavyā iti bahuvacananirdeśādbrahmacāritrayasya prakṛtatvānmukhyālābhe triṣvapyapekṣāyāḥ samātvātkauśādīnāṃ ca tisṛṇāṃ vidhānānmuñjādyalābha iti boddhavyam| kartavyā iti bahuvacanamupapannataram| bhinnajātisaṃbandhitayeti bruvāṇasya medhātitherapi bahuvacanapāṭhaḥ saṃmataḥ| muñjādyalābhe brāhmaṇādīnāṃ trayāṇāṃ yathākramaṃ kuśādibhistṛṇaviśeṣairmekhalāḥ kāryāḥ| triguṇenaikagranthinā yuktāstribhirvā pañcabhirvā| atra ca vā śabdanirdeśādgranthīnāṃ na viprādibhiḥ krameṇa saṃbandhaḥ kiṃtu sarvatra yathākulācāraṃ vikalpaḥ| granthibhedaścāyaṃ mukhyāmukhyāpekṣāsaṃbhavādagrahahītavyaḥ|

3.44

yadīyavinyāsaviśeṣasyopavītasaṃjñā vakṣyati taddharmibrāhmaṇasya kārpāsam, kṣatriyasya śaṇasūtramayam, vaiśyasya meṣalomanirmitam| trivṛditi triguṇaṃ kṛtvā ūrdhvavṛtaṃ dakṣiṇāvartitam| etacca sarvatra saṃbadhyate| yadyapi guṇatrayamevordhvavṛtaṃ manunoktaṃ tathāpi tantritraguṇīkṛtya triguṇaṃ kāryam| taduktaṃ chandogapariśiṣṭe-‘‘ūrdhvaṃ tu trivṛtaṃ kāryaṃ tantutrayamadhovṛtam| trivṛtaṃ copavītaṃ syāttasyaiko granthiriṣyate|| ’’ devalo'pyāha‘‘yajñopavītaṃ kurvīta sūtrāṇi navatantavaḥ’’|

3.45

yadyapi dvandvanirdeśena samuccayāvagamāddhāraṇamapi samuccitasyaiva prāptaṃ tathāpi ‘keśāntiko brāhmaṇasya daṇḍaḥ kārya’’ (a0 2 ślo0 46) iti, tathā ‘‘ pratigṛhyepsitaṃ daṇḍam’’ (a0 2 ślo0 48) iti vidhāvekatvasya vivakṣitatvāt ‘‘bailvaḥ pālāśo vā daṇḍa’’ iti vāsiṣṭhe vikalpadarśanādekasyaiva daṇḍasya dhāraṇavikalpitayorevaikabrāhmaṇasaṃbandhātsamuccayo dvandvenānūdyate| brāhmaṇādayo vikalpena dvau dvau daṇḍau vakṣyamāṇakārye kartumarhanti|

3.46

keśalalāṭanāsikāparyantaparimāṇakrameṇa brāhmaṇādīnāṃ daṇḍāḥ kartavyāḥ|

3.47

ye daṇḍāḥ avraṇā akṣatāḥ śobhanadarśanāḥ savalkalā agnidāharahitā bhaveyuḥ|
naca taiḥ prāṇijātamudvejanīyamityāha-

3.48

uktalakṣaṇaṃ prāptumiṣṭaṃ daṇḍaṃ gṛhītvā ādityābhimukhaṃ sthitvāgniṃ pradakṣiṇīkṛtya yathāvidhi bhaikṣaṃ yācet |

3.49

brāhmaṇo bhavati bhikṣāṃ dehīti bhavacchabdapūrvaṃ bhikṣāṃ yācanvākyamuccārayet| kṣatriyo bhikṣāṃ bhavati dehīti bhavanmadhyam| vaiśyo bhikṣāṃ dehi bhavatīti bhavaduttaram |

3.50

upanayanāṅgabhūtāṃ bhikṣāṃ prathamaṃ mātaraṃ bhaginīṃ vā māturvā bhaginīṃ sahodarāṃ yācet yā cainaṃ brahmacāriṇaṃ pratyākhyānena nāvamanyeta| pūrvāṃsaṃbhava uttarāparigrahaḥ |

3.51

tadbhaikṣaṃ bahubhya āhṛtya yāvadannaṃ tṛptimātrocitaṃ gurave nivedya nivedanaṃ kṛtvā amāyayā na kadannaina sadannaṃ pracchādyaivametadgururgrahīṣyatītyādimāyāvyatirekeṇa tadanujñāta ācamanaṃ kṛtvā śuciḥ san bhuñjīta prāṅmukhaḥ |
idānīṃ kāmyabhojanamāha—

3.53

'nivedya gurave'śnīyādācamya' (a0 2 ślo0 51) iti yadyapi bhojanātprāgācamanaṃ vihitaṃ tathāpyadbhiḥ khāni ca saṃspṛśediti guṇavidhānārtho'nuvādaḥ| nityaṃ brahmacaryāntaramapi dvija ācamyānnaṃ bhuñjīta| samāhito'nanyamanāḥ bhuktvā cācāmediti| samyagyathāśāstram| tena "prakṣālya hastau pādau ca triḥ pibedambu vīkṣitam" ityādi dakṣādyuktamapi saṃgṛhṇāti| jalena khānīndriyāṇi ṣaṭ chidrāṇi ca spṛśet, tāni ca śiraḥsthāni ghrāṇacakṣuḥśrotrādīni grahītavyāni| "khāni copaspṛśecchīrṣaṇyāni" iti gotamavacanāt| upasparśanaṃ kṛtvā khāni saṃspṛśediti pṛthagvidhānāntrirabbhakṣaṇamātramācamanam, khasparśanādikamitikartavyateti darśitam|

3.54

sarvadā annaṃ pūjayetprāṇārthatvena dhyāyet| taduktamādipurāṇe "annaṃ viṣṇuḥ svayaṃ prāha" ityanuvṛttau "prāṇārthaṃ māṃ sadā dhyāyetsa māṃ saṃpūjayetsadā| anindaṃścaitadadyāttu dṛṣṭvā hṛṣyetprasīdecca|" iti| hetvantaramapi khedamannadarśanena tyajet| pratinandet nityamasmākametadastvityabhidhāya vandanaṃ pratinandanam| taduktamādipurāṇe-"annaṃ dṛṣṭvā praṇamyādau prāñjaliḥ kathayettataḥ| asmākaṃ nityamastvetaditi bhaktyā stuvannamet||" sarvaśaḥ sarvamannam |

3.55

yasmātpūjitamannaṃ sāmarthyaṃ vīryaṃ ca dadāti| apūjitaṃ punaretadubhayaṃ nāśayati| tasmātsarvadā'nnaṃ pūjayediti pūrveṇaikavākyatāpannamidaṃ phalaśravaṇam| saṃdhyāvandanādāvupāttaduritakṣayavannityaṃ kāmanāviṣayatvenāpi nityaśrutiravihatā nityaśrutivirodhāt| phalaśravaṇaṃ stutyarthamiti tu medhātithigovindarājau |

3.56

bhuktāvaśeṣaṃ kasyacinna dadyāt| caturthyāṃ prāptāyāṃ saṃbandhamātravivakṣayā ṣaṣṭhī| anenaiva sāmānyaniṣedhena śūdrasyāpyucchiṣṭadānaniṣedhe siddhe "nocchiṣṭaṃ ca haviṣkṛtam" iti śūdragocaraniṣedhaścāturthaḥ snātakavratatvārthaḥ| divāsāyaṃ bhojanayośca madhye na bhuñjīta vāradvaye'pyatibhojanaṃ na kuryānnātisauhityamācarediti cāturthaṃ snātakavratārtham| ucchiṣṭaḥ san kvacinna gacchet |
atibhojane doṣamāha-

3.57

arogo rogābhāvastasmai hitamārogyaṃ āyuṣe hitamāyuṣyam| yasmādatibhojanamanārogyamanāyuṣyaṃ ca bhavati ajīrṇajanakatvena rogamaraṇahetutvāt| asvargyaṃ ca svargahetuyāgādivirodhitvāt| apuṇyamitarapuṇyapratipakṣatvāt| lokavidviṣṭaṃ bahubhojitayā lokairnindanāt| tasmāttanna kuryāt|

3.58

3.59

aṅguṣṭhamūlasyādhobhāge brāhmaṃ, kaniṣṭhāṅgulimūle kāyaṃ, aṅgulīnāmagre daivaṃ, aṅguṣṭhapradeśinyormadhye pitryaṃ tīrthaṃ manvādaya āhuḥ yadyapi kāyasaṅgulimūle, tayoradha ityatra cāṅgulimātraṃ śrutaṃ tathāpi smṛtyantarādviśeṣaparigrahaḥ| tathāca yājñavalkyaḥ“kaniṣṭhādeśinyaṅguṣṭhamūlānyagraṃ karasya ca| prajāpatipitṛbrahmadevatīrthānyanukramāt||” (a0 1 ślo0 19)|
sāmānyenopadiṣṭasyācamanasyānuṣṭhānakramamāha—

3.60

pūrvaṃ brāhmāditīrthena jalagaṇḍūṣatrayaṃ pibet| anantaraṃ saṃvṛtyoṣṭhādharau vāradvayamaṅguṣṭhamūlena saṃmṛjyāt| "saṃvṛtyāṅguṣṭhamūlena dviḥ pramṛjyāttato mukham" iti dakṣeṇa viśeṣābhidhānāt| khāni cendriyāṇi jalena spṛśet| mukhasya sannidhānānmukhakhānyeva| gotamo'pyāha— "khāni copaspṛśecchīrṣaṇyāni"| "hṛdyantarjyotiḥ puruṣaḥ" bṛha0 4/3/7) ityupaniṣatsu hṛdayadeśatvenātmanaḥ śravaṇādātmānaṃ hṛdayaṃ śiraścādbhireva spṛśet|

3.61

anuṣṇīkṛtābhiḥ phenavajitābhirbrāhmāditīrthena śocamicchatrekānte janairanākīrṇe śucideśa ityarthaḥ| prāṅmukha udaṅmukho vā sarvadācāmet| āpastambena "taptābhiśca kāraṇāt" ityabhidhānādvyādhyādikāraṇavyatirekeṇa nācāmet| vyādhyādau tu uṣṇīkṛtābhirapyācamane doṣābhāvaḥ| tīrthavyatirekeṇācamane śaucābhāva iti darśayitumuktasyāpi tīrthasya punarvacanam|
ācamanajalaparimāṇamāha—

3.62

brāhmaṇo hṛdayagāminībhiḥ, kṣatriyaḥ kaṇṭhagāminībhiḥ, vaiśyo'ntarāsyapraviṣṭābhiḥ kaṇṭhamaprāptābhirapi, śūdro jihvauṣṭhāntenāpi spṛṣṭābhiradbhiḥ pūto bhavati| antata iti tṛtīyārthe tasiḥ|
ācamanāṅgatāmupavītasya darśayitumupavītalakṣaṇaṃ tataḥ prasaṅgena prācīnāvītītyādilakṣaṇamāha-

3.63

dakṣiṇe pāṇāvuddhṛte vāmaskandhasthite dakṣiṇaskandhāvalambe yajñasūtre vastre vopavītī dvijaḥ kathyate| vāmapāṇāvuddhṛte dakṣiṇaskandhasthite vāmaskandhāvalambe prācīnāvītī bhaṇyate| savye prācīnaāvītīti chando'nurodhāduktam| tathāca gobhilaḥ- "dakṣiṇa bāhumuddhṛtya śiro'vadhāya savye'se pratiṣṭhāpayati dakṣiṇaskandhama- valambanaṃ bhavatyevaṃ yajñopavītī bhavati"| savyaṃ bāhumuddhṛtya śiro'vadhāya dakṣiṇe'se pratiṣṭhāpayati savyaṃ kakṣamavalambanaṃ bhavatyevaṃ prācīnāvītī bhavati| nivītī kaṇṭhasajjana iti śirovadhāya dakṣiṇapāṇyādāvapyanuddhṛte kaṇṭhādeva sajjana ṛjuprālambe yajñasūtre vastre ca nivītī bhavati|

3.64

mekhalādīni vinaṣṭāni bhinnāni chinnāni ca jale prakṣipyānyāni svasvagṛhyoktamantrairgṛhṇīyāt|

3.65

keśāntākhyo gṛhyoktasaṃskāro "garbhādisaṃkhyā varṣāṇām" iti baudhāyanavacanādgarbhaṣoḍaśe varṣe brāhmaṇasya, kṣatriyasya garbhadvāviṃśe, vaiśyasya tato dvyadhike garbhacaturviṃśe kartavyaḥ|

3.66

iyamāvṛdayaṃ jātakarmodikriyākalāpaḥ samagra uktakālakrameṇa śarīrasaṃskārārthaṃ strīṇāmamantrakaḥ kāryaḥ|

3.67

anenopanayane'pi prāpte viśeṣamāhavivāhavidhireva strīṇāṃ vaidikaḥ saṃskāra upanayanākhyo manvādibhiḥ smṛtaḥ| patisevaiva gurukule vāso vedādhyayanarūpaḥ| gṛhakṛtyameva sāyaṃ prātaḥ samiddhomarūpo'gniparicaryā| tasmādvivāhāderupanayanasthāne vidhānādupanayanādernivṛttiriti |

3.68

aupanāyanika ityanuśatikāditvādubhayapadavṛddhiḥ| ayaṃ dvijātīnāmupanayanasaṃbandhī karmakalāpa uktaḥ utpatterdvitīyajanmano vyañjakaḥ |
idānīmupanītasya yena karmaṇā yogastaṃ śṛṇutetyāha-

3.69

guruḥ śiṣyamupanīya prathamam "ekā liṅge gude tisraḥ" (a0 5 ślo0 136) ityādi vakṣyamāṇaṃ śaucaṃ snānācamanādyācāramagnau sāyaṃ prātaḥ samiddhomānuṣṭhānaṃ samantrakasaṃdhyopāsanavidhiṃ ca śikṣayet|

3.70

adhyayanaṃ kariṣyamāṇaḥ śiṣyo yathāśāstraṃ kṛtācamana uttarābhimukhaḥ kṛtāñjaliḥ pavitravastraḥ kṛtendriyasaṃyamo guruṇā adhyāpyaḥ|"prāṅmukho dakṣiṇataḥ śiṣya udaṅmukho vā" iti gotamavacanātprāṅmukhasyāpyadhyayanam| brahmāñjalikṛta iti "vāhitāgnyādiṣu" (pā0 sū0 2/2/37) ityanena kṛtaśabdasya paranipātaḥ|

3.71

vedādhyayanasyārambhe kartavye samāpane ca kṛte guroḥ pādopasaṃgrahaṇaṃ kartavyam| hastau saṃhatya saṃśliṣṭau kṛtvādhyetavyaṃ sa eva brahmāñjaliḥ smṛta iti pūrvaślokoktabrahmāñjaliśabdārthavyākāraḥ|

3.72

pādosaṃgrahaṇaṃ kāryamityanantaramuktaṃ tadvyatyastapāṇinā kāryamiti vidhīyate| kīdṛśo vyatyāsaḥ kārya ityata āha-savyena pāṇinā savyaḥ pādo dakṣiṇena pāṇinā dakṣiṇaḥ pādo guroḥ spraṣṭavyaḥ| uttānahastābhyāṃ cedaṃ pādayoḥ sparśanaṃ kāryam| yadāha paiṭhīnasiḥ-"uttānābhyāṃ hastābhyāṃ dakṣiṇena dakṣiṇaṃ savyaṃ savyena pādāvabhivādayet| dakṣiṇoparibhāvena vyatyāso vāyaṃ śiṣṭasamācārāt"|

3.73

adhyayanaṃ kariṣyamāṇaṃ śiṣyaṃ sarvadā analaso gururadhīṣva bho iti prathamaṃ vadet | śeṣe virāmo'stvityabhidhāya viramennivarteta |

3.74

brahmaṇo vedasyādhyayanārambhe adhyayanasamāptau coṃkāraṃ kuryāt yasmātpūrvaṃ yasyo'ṅkāro na kṛtastatsravati śanaiḥ śanairnaśyati | yasya purastānna kṛtastadviśīryati avasthitimeva na labhate |

3.75

prākkūlānprāgagrāndarbhānadhyāsīnaḥ pavitraiḥ kuśaiḥ karadvayasthaiḥ pavitrīkṛtaḥ "prāṇāyāmāstrayaḥ pañcadaśamātrāḥ" iti gotamasmaraṇātpañcadaśamātraistribhiḥ prāṇāyāmaiḥ prayataḥ | akārādilaghvakṣarakālaśca mātrā | tato'dhyayanārthamoṃkāramarhati |

3.76

"etadakṣarametāṃ ca" (a0 2 ślo0 44) iti vakṣyati tasyāyaṃ śeṣaḥ| akāramukāraṃ makāraṃ ca praṇavāvayavabhūtaṃ brahmā vedatrayādṛgyajuḥsāmalakṣaṇādbhūbhuvaḥ svariti vyāhṛtitrayaṃ ca krameṇa niraduhaduddhṛtavān |

3.77

tathā tribhya eva vedebhya ṛgyajuḥsāmabhyaḥ tadityṛca iti pratīkenānūditāyāḥ sāvitryāḥ pādaṃ pādamiti trīnpādānbrahmā cakarṣa | parame sthāne tiṣṭhatīti parameṣṭhī |

3.78

etadakṣaramoṃkārarūpam, etāṃ ca tripadāṃ sāvitrīṃ vyāhṛtitrayapūrvikāṃ saṃdhyākāle japanvedajño viprādirvedatrayādhyayanapuṇyena yukto bhavati | ataḥ saṃdhyākāle praṇavavyāhṛtitrayopetāṃ sāvitrīṃ japediti vidhiḥ kalpyate |

3.79

saṃdhyāyāmanyatra kāla etatprakṛtaṃ praṇavavyāhṛtitrayasāvitryātmakaṃ trikaṃ grāmādbahirnadītīrāraṇyādau sahastrāvṛttiṃ japitvā mahato'pi pāpātsarpa iva kaṃcukānmucyate | tasmātpāpakṣayārthamidaṃ japanīyamityaprakaraṇe'pi lāghavārthamuktam | anyatraitantrayoccāraṇamapi punaḥ kartavyaṃ syāt |

3.80

saṃdhyāyāmanyatra samaya ṛcaitayā sāvitryā visaṃyuktastyaktasāvitrījapaḥ svakīyayā kriyayā sāyaṃprātarhomādirūpayā svakāle tyakto brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyo'pi sajjaneṣu nindāṃ gacchati| tasmātsvakāle sāvitrījapaṃ svakriyāṃ ca na tyajet|

3.81

oṃkārapūrvikāstisro vyāhṛtayo bhūrbhuvaḥsvarityetā akṣarabrahmāvāptiphalatvenāvyayāḥ tripadā ca sāvitrī brahmaṇo vedasya mukhamādyam| tatpūrvakavedādhyayanārambhāt| athavā brahmaṇaḥ paramātmanaḥ prāpterdvārimetat| adhyayanajapādinā niṣpāpasya brahmajñānaprakarṣeṇa mokṣāvāpteḥ|
ata evāha-

3.82

yaḥ pratyahamanalasaḥ sansāvitrīṃ praṇavavyāhṛtiyuktāṃ varṣatrayamadhīte sa paraṃ brahmābhimukhena gacchati| sa vāyubhūto vāyuriva kāmacārī jāyate| khaṃ brahma tadevāsya mūrtiriti khamūrtimān bhavati śarīrasyāpi nāśādbrahmaiva saṃpadyate|

3.83

ekākṣaramoṃkāraḥ paraṃ brahma parabrahmāvāptihetutvāt| oṃkārasya japena tadarthasya ca parabrahmaṇo bhāvanayā tadavāpteḥ| prāṇāyāmāḥ sapraṇavasavyāhṛtisaśiraskagāyatrībhistrirāvṛttibhiḥ kṛtāścāndrāyaṇādibhyo'pi paraṃ tapaḥ| prāṇāyāma iti bahuvacananirdeśāstrayo'vaśyaṃ kartavyā ityuktam| sāvitryāḥ prakṛṣṭamanyanmantrajātaṃ nāsti| maunādapi satyaṃ vāgviśiṣyate| eṣāṃ caturṇāṃ stutyā catvāryetānyupāsanīyānīti vidhiḥ kalpyate| dharaṇīdhareṇa tu ‘‘ekākṣaraparaṃ brahma prāṇāyāmaparaṃ tapaḥ’’ iti paṭhitaṃ vyākhyātaṃ ca ekākṣaraṃ paraṃ yasya tadekākṣaraparaṃ evaṃ prāṇāyāmaparamiti| medhātithiprabhṛtibhirvṛddhairlikhitaṃ yataḥ| likhanātapāṭhāntaraṃ tatra svatantro dharaṇīdharaḥ|

3.84

sarvā vedavihitā homayāgādirūpāḥ kriyāḥ svarūpataḥ phalataśca vinaśyanti| akṣaraṃ tu praṇavarūpamakṣayaṃ brahmaprāptihetutvātphaladvāreṇākṣaraṃ brahmībhāvasyāvināśāt| kathamasya brahmaprāptihetutvamata āha, brahma caiveti| caśabdo hetau| yasmātprajānāmadhipatiryadbrahmatadevāyamoṃkāraḥ| svarūpato brahmapratipādakatvena cāsya brahmatvam| ubhayathāpi brahmatva pratipādakatvena vāyamupāsito japakāle mokṣaheturityanena darśitam|

3.85

vidhiviṣayo yajño vidhiyajño darśapaurṇamāsādistasmātprakṛtānāṃ praṇavādīnāṃ japayajño daśaguṇādhikaḥ| so'pyupāṃśuścedanuṣṭhitastadā śataguṇādhikaḥ| yatsamīpastho'pi paro na śṛṇoti tadupāṃśu| mānasastu japaḥ sahastraguṇādhikaḥ| yatra jihvauṣṭhaṃ manāgapi na calati sa mānasaḥ|

3.86

brahmayajñādanye ye pañcamahāyajñāntargatā vaiśvadevahomabalikarmanityaśrāddhātithibhojanātmakāścatvāraḥ pākayajñāḥ vidhiyajñā darśapūrṇamāsādayastaiḥ sahitā japayajñasya ṣoḍaśīmapi kalāṃ na prāpnuvanti| japayajñasya ṣoḍaśāṃśenāpi na samā ityarthaḥ|

3.87

brāhmaṇo japyenaiva niḥsaṃdehāṃ siddhiṃ labhate mokṣaprāptiyogyo bhavati| anyadvaidikaṃ yāgādikaṃ karotu na karotu vā| yasmānmaitro brāhmaṇo brahmaṇaḥ saṃbandhī brahmaṇi līyata ityāgameṣūcyate mitrameva maitraḥ| svārthe'ṇ| yāgādiṣu paśubījādivadhānna sarvaprāṇipriyatā saṃbhavati tasmādyāgādinā vināpi praṇavādijapaniṣṭho nistaratīti japapraśaṃsā natu yāgādīnāṃ niṣedhasteṣāmapi śāstrīyatvāt|
idānīṃ sarvavarṇānuṣṭheyaṃ sakalapuruṣārthopayuktamindriyasaṃyamamāha-

3.88

indriyāṇāṃ viṣayeṣvapaharaṇaśīleṣu vartamānānāṃ kṣayitvādiviṣayadoṣajñānansaṃgrame yatnaṃ kuryātsārathiriva rathaniyuktānāmaśvānām|

3.89

pūrvapaṇḍitā yānyekādaśendriyāṇyāhustānyarvācāṃ śikṣārthaṃ sarvāṇi karmato nāmataśca kramādvakṣyāmi|

3.90

teṣvekādaśasu śrotrādīni daśaitāni bahirindriyāṇi nāmato nirdiśati| pāyūpasthaṃ hastapādamiti "dvandvaśca prāṇitūryasenāṅgānām" pā0 sū0 2-4-2 iti prāṇyaṅgadvandvatvādekavadbhāvaḥ|

3.91

eṣāṃ daśānāṃ madhye śrotrādīni pañca kramoktāni buddheḥ karaṇatvādvuddhīndriyāṇi pāyvādīni cotsargādikarmakaraṇatvātkarmendriyāṇi tadvido vadanti |

3.92

ekādaśasaṃkhyāpūrakaṃ ca manorūpamantarindriyaṃ jñātavyam| svaguṇena saṃkalparūpeṇobhayarūpendriyagaṇapravartakasvarūpam | ataeva yasminmanasi jite ubhāvapi pañcakau buddhīndriyakarmendriyagaṇau jitau bhavataḥ| pañcakāviti "tadasya parimāṇam" (pā0 sū0 5/1/57) ityanuvṛttau "saṃkhyāyāḥ saṃjñāsaṅghasūtrādhyayaneṣu (pā0 sū0 5/1/58) iti pañcasaṃkhyāparimitasaṃṅghārthe kaḥ|
manodharmasaṃkalpamūlatvādindriyāṇāṃ prāyeṇa pravṛtteḥ kimarthamindriyanigrahaḥ kartavya ityata āha-

3.93

yasmādindriyāṇāṃ viṣayeṣu prasaktyā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭaṃ ca doṣaṃ niḥsaṃdehaṃ prāpnoti| tānyeva punarindriyāṇi samyaṅniyamya siddhiṃ mokṣādipuruṣārthayogyātarūpāṃ labhate| tasmādindriyasaṃyamaṃ kuryāditi śeṣaḥ|
kimindriyasaṃyamena viṣayopabhogāderalabdhakāmo nivatrsyatītyāśaṅkyāha—

3.94

na kadācitkāmo'bhilāṣaḥ kāmyanta iti kāmā viṣayāsteṣāmupabhogena nivartate, kiṃtu ghṛtenāgnirivādhikādhikatamameva vardhate| prāptabhogasyāpi pratidinaṃ tadadhikabhogavāñchādarśanāt| ataeva viṣṇupurāṇe yayātivākyam—"yatpṛthivyāṃ vrīhiyavaṃ hi raṇyaṃ paśavaḥ striyaḥ ekasyāpi na paryāptaṃ tadityatitṛṣaṃ tyajet||'' tathā—"pūrṇaṃ varṣasahastraṃ me viṣayasaktacetasaḥ| tathāpyanudinaṃ tṛṣṇāyatteṣveva hi jāyate''|

3.95

ya etānsarvānviṣayānprāpnuyādyaścaitānkāmānupekṣate tayorviṣayopekṣakaḥ śreyāṃstasmātsarvakāmaprāptestadupekṣā praśasyā| tathāhi viṣayalolupasya tatsādhanādyutpādane kaṣṭasaṃbhavo vipattau ca kleśātiśayo na tu viṣayavirasasya|
idānīmindriyasaṃyamāpāyamāha—

3.96

etānīndriyāṇi viṣayeṣu prasaktāni tathā nāsevayā viṣayasannidhivarjanarūpayā niyantuṃ na śakyante durnivāratvāt| yathā sarvadā viṣayāṇāṃ kṣayitvādidoṣajñānena śarīrasya cāsthisthūlamityādivakṣyamāṇadoṣacintanena| tasmādviṣayadoṣajñānādinā bahirindriyāṇi manaśca niyacchet|
yasmādaniyamitaṃ mano vikarasya hetuḥ syādata āha—

3.97

vedādhyayanadānayajñaniyamatapāṃsi bhogādiviṣayasevāsaṃkalpaśīlino na kadācitphalasiddhaye prabhavanti|
jitendriyasya svarūpamāha—

3.98

stutivākyaṃ nindāvākyaṃ ca śrutvā, sukhasparśaṃ dukūlādi duḥkhasparśaṃ meṣakambalādi spṛṣṭvā, surūpaṃ kurūpaṃ ca dṛṣṭvā, svādu asvādu ca bhuktvā, surabhimasurabhiṃ ca ghrātvā, yasya na harṣaviṣādau sa jitendriyo jñātavyaḥ|
ekendriyāsaṃyamo'pi nivāryata ityāha—

3.99

sarveṣāmindriyāṇāṃ madhye yadyekamapīndriyaṃ viṣayapravaṇaṃ bhavati tato'sya viṣayaparasya indriyāntarairapi tatvajñānaṃ kṣarati na vyavatiṣṭhate| carmanirmitodakapātrādivaikenāpi chidreṇa sarvasthānasthamevodakaṃ na vyavatiṣṭhate|
indriyasaṃyamasya sarvapuruṣārthahetutāṃ darśayati—

3.100

bahirindriyagaṇamāyataṃ kṛtvā manaśca saṃyamya sarvān puruṣārthānsamyaksādhayet| yogata upāyena svadehamapīḍayanyaḥ sahajasukhī saṃskṛtānnādikaṃ bhuṅkte sa krameṇa taṃ tyajet|

3.101

pūrvāṃ saṃdhyāṃ paścimāmiti ca| kālādhvanoratyantasaṃyoge (2|

3.102

pūrvasaṃdhyāyāṃ tiṣṭhan japaṃ kurvāṇo niśāsaṃcitaṃ pāpaṃ nāśayati| paścimasaṃdhyāyāṃ tūpaviṣṭo japaṃ kurvandivārjitaṃ pāpaṃ nihanti| tatrāpi japātphalamuktam| etaccājñānādikṛtapāpaviṣayam| ataeva yājñavalkyaḥ—‘‘divā vā yadi vā rātrau yadajñānakṛtaṃ bhavet| trikālasaṃdhyākaraṇāttatsarvaṃ vipraṇaśyati’’|

3.103

yaḥ punaḥ pūrvasaṃdhyāṃ nānutiṣṭhati paścimāṃ ca nopāste| tattatkālavihitaṃ japādi na karotītyarthaḥ| sa śūdra iva sarvasmāddvijātikarmaṇo'tithisatkārāderapi bāhyaḥ kāryaḥ| anenaiva pratyavāyena saṃdhyopāsanasya nityatāktā| nityatve'pi sarvadāpekṣitapāpakṣayasya phalatvamaviruddham|

3.104

brahmayajñarūpamidaṃ bahuvedādhyayanāśaktau sāvitrīmātrādhyayanamapi vidhīyate| araṇyādinirjanadeśaṃ gatvā nadyādijalasamīpe niyatendriyaḥ samāhito'nanyamanā nityakaṃ vidhiṃbrahmayajñarūpamāsthito'nutiṣṭhāsuḥ sāvitrīmapi praṇavavyāhṛtitrayayutāṃ yathoktāmadhīyīta|

3.105

vedopakaraṇe vedāṅge śikṣādau naityake nityānuṣṭheye ca svādhyāye brahmayajñarūpe homamantreṣu cānadhyāyādaro nāsti|

3.106

pūrvoktanaityakasvādhyāyasyāyamanuvādaḥ| naityake japayajñe'nadhyāyo nāsti| yataḥ satatabhavatvāt| brahmasatraṃ tanmanvādibhiḥ smṛtam| brahmaivāhutirbrahmāhutirhavistasyāṃ hutamanadhyāyādhyayanamadhyayanarūpamanadhyāyavaṣaṭkṛtamapi puṇyameva bhavati|

3.107

abdamityatyantasaṃyoge dvitīyā| yo varṣamapyekaṃ svādhyāyamaharaharvihitāṅgayuktaṃ niyatendriyaḥ prayato japati tasyaiva svādhyāyo japayajñaḥ kṣīrādīni kṣarati kṣīrādibhirdevānpitṝṃśca prīṇāti| te ca prītāḥ sarvakāmairjapayajñakāriṇastarpayantītyarthaḥ| ataeva yājñavalkyaḥ—‘‘madhunā payasā caiva sa devāṃstarpayeddvijaḥ| pitṝnmadhughṛtābhyāṃ ca ṛco'dhīte hi yo'nvaham|| ’’ (a0 1 ślo0 41) ityupakramya caturṇāmeva vedānāṃ purāṇānāṃ japasya ca devapitṛtṛptiphalamuktvā śeṣe ‘‘te tṛptāstarpayantyenaṃ sarvakāmaphalaiḥ śubhaiḥ’’ (a0 1 ślo0 47) ityuktavān|

3.108

sāyaṃprātaḥ samiddhomaṃ bhikṣāsamūhāharaṇamakhaṭvāśayanarūpāmadhaḥśayyāṃ natu sthaṇḍilaśāyitvameva| gurorudakakumbhādyāharaṇarūpaṃ hitaṃ kṛtopanayano brahmacārī samāvartanaparyantaṃ kuryāt|
kīdṛśaḥ śiṣyo'dhyāpya ityāha—

3.109

ācāryaputraḥ, paricārakaḥ, jñānāntaradātā, dharmavit, mṛdbhāryādiṣu śuciḥ, bāndhavaḥ, grahaṇadhāraṇasamarthaḥ, dhanadātā, hitecchuḥ, jñātiḥ, daśaite dharmeṇādhyāpyāḥ |

3.110

yadanyenālpākṣaraṃ visvaraṃ cādhītaṃ tasya tattvaṃ na vadet| śiṣyasya tvapṛcchato'pi vaktavyam| bhaktiśraddhādipraśnadharmollaṅghanamanyāyastena pṛcchato na brūyāt| jānannapi hi prājño loke mūka iva vyavaharet |
uktapratiṣedhadvayātikrame doṣamāha-

3.111

adharmeṇa pṛṣṭo'pi yo yasya vadati yaścānyāyena yaṃ pṛcchati tayoranyataro vyatikramakārī mriyate, vidveṣaṃ vā tena saha gacchati|

3.112

yasmin śiṣye'dhyāpite dharmārthau na bhavataḥ paricaryā vādhyayanānurūpā tatra vidyā nārpaṇīyā| suṣṭhu vrīhyādibījamivoṣare| yatra bījamuptaṃ na prarohati sa ūṣaraḥ| na cārthagrahaṇe bhṛtakādhyāpakatvamāśaṅkanīyam, yadyetāvanmahyaṃ dīyate tadaitāvadadhyāpayāmīti niyamābhāvāt |

3.113

vidyayaiva saha vedādhyāpakena varaṃ martavyaṃ natu sarvathādhyāpanayogyaśiṣyābhāve cāpātrāyaiva tāṃ pratipādayet| tathā chāndogyabrāhmaṇam “vidyayā sārdhaṃ mriyeta na vidyāmūṣare vapet”|
asyānuvādamāha—

3.114

vidyādhiṣṭhātrī devatā kaṃcidadhyāpakaṃ brāhmaṇamāgatyaivamavadat| tavāhaṃ nidhirasmi| māṃ rakṣa| asūyakādidoṣavate na māṃ vadeḥ| tathā satyatiśayena vīryavatī bhūyāsam| tathāca chāndogyabrāhmaṇam—“vidyā ha vai brāhmaṇamājagāma tavāhamasmi tvaṃ māṃ pālayānarhate mānine naiva mā dā gopāya māṃ śreyasī tathāhamasmi” iti|

3.115

yameva punaḥ śiṣyaṃ śuciṃ niyatendriyaṃ brahmacāriṇaṃ jānāsi tasmai vidyārūpanidhirakṣakāya pramādarahitāya māṃ vada|

3.116

yaḥ punarabhyāsārthamadhīyānādanyaṃ vā kaṃcidadhyāpayatastadanumatirahitaṃ vedaṃ gṛhṇāti sa vedasteyayukto narakaṃ gacchati tasmādetanna kartavyam|

3.118

sāvitrīmātravettāpi varaṃ suyantritaḥ śāstraniyamito viprādirmānyaḥ| nāyantrito vedatrayavettāpi niṣiddhabhojanādiśīlaḥ pratiṣiddhavikretā ca| etacca pradarśanamātram| suyantritaśabdena vidhiniṣedhaniṣṭhatvasya vivakṣitatvāt |

3.119

śayyā cāsanaṃ ca śayyāsanaṃ "jātiraprāṇinām” (pā0 sū0 2|
asyārthavādamāha-
asya guroḥ parokṣamapi upādhyāyācāryādipūjāvacanopapadaśūnyaṃ nāma noccārayet| natu gurorgamanabhāṣitaceṣṭitānyanukurvīta gurugamanādisadṛśānyātmano gamanādīnyupahāsabuddhyā na kurvīta|

3.120

yasmādyūno'lpavayaso vayovidyādinā sthavire āyati āgacchati sati prāṇā ūrdhvamutkrāmanti dehādbahirnirgantumicchanti tānvṛddhasya pratyutthānābhivādābhyāṃ punaḥ susthān karoti| tasmādvṛddhasya pratyutthāyābhivādanaṃ kuryāt|
itaśca phalamāha—

3.121

utthāya sarvadā vṛddhābhivādanaśīlasya vṛddhasevinaśca āyuḥprajñāyaśobalāni catvāri samyak prakarṣeṇa vardhante|
saṃpratyabhivādanavidhimāha—

3.122

vṛddhamabhivādayan viprādirabhivādātparaṃ 'abhivādaya' iti śabdoccāraṇānantaramamukanāmāhamasmīti svaṃ nāma parikīrtayet| ato nāmaśabdasya viśeṣaparatvātsvanāmaviśeṣoccāraṇānantaramabhivādanavākye nāmaśabdo'pi prayojya iti medhātithigovindarājayorabhidhānamapramāṇam| ataeva gotamaḥ—‘‘svanāma procyāhamabhivādaya ityabhivadet’’| sāṅkhyāyano'pi ‘‘asāvahaṃ bho ityātmano nāmādiśet’’ ityuktavān| yadi ca nāmaśabdaśravaṇāttasya prayogastadā ‘‘ akāraścāsya nāmno'nte’’ (a0 2 ślo0 125) ityabhidhānātpratyabhivādanavākye nāmaśabdoccāraṇaṃ syānna ca tatkasyacitsaṃmatam|

3.123

nāmadheyasya uccāritasya sato ye kecidabhivādyāḥ saṃskṛtānabhijñatayābhivādamabhivādārthaṃ na jānanti tānpratyabhivādane'pyasamarthatvātprājña ityabhivādyaśaktivijño'bhivādayitābhivādaye'hamityevaṃ brūyāt| striyaḥ sarvāstathaiva brūyāt|

3.124

abhivādane yannāma prayuktaṃ tasyānte bhoḥ śabdaṃ kīrtayedabhivādyasaṃbodhanārtham| ataevāha—nāmnāmiti| bho ityasya yo bhāvaḥ sattā so'bhivādya nāmnāṃ svarūpabhāva ṛṣibhiḥ smṛtaḥ| tasmādevamabhivādanavākyam ‘‘abhivādaye śubhaśarmāhamasmi bhoḥ’’|

3.125

abhivādane kṛte pratyabhivādayitrā abhivādako viprādiḥ ‘‘āyuṣmānbhava saumya’’ iti vācyaḥ| asya cābhivādakasya yannāma tasyānte yo'kārādiḥ svaro nāmnāmakārāntatvaniyamābhāvātsa plutaḥ kāryaḥ| svarāpekṣaṃ cedakārāntatvaṃ vyañnānte'pi nāmni saṃbhavati| pūrvaṃ nāmagatamakṣaraṃ saṃśliṣṭaṃ yasya sa pūrvākṣarastena nāganturapakṛṣya cākārādiḥ svaraḥ plutaḥ kāryaḥ| etacca ‘‘vākyasya ṭeḥ pluta udāttaḥ’’ (pā0 sū0 8|
2|82) ityasyānuvṛttau ‘‘pratyabhivāde'śūdre’’ (pā0 sū0 8|
2|83) iti plutaṃ smaranpāṇiniḥ sphuṭamuktavān| vyākhyātaṃ ca vṛttikṛtā vāmanena—‘‘ṭeriti kim, vyañnāntasyaiva ṭeḥ pluto yathā syāt’’ iti| tasmādīdṛśaṃ pratyabhivādanavākyaṃ ‘‘āyuṣmānbhava saumya śubhaśarman’’ evaṃ kṣatriśasya balavarman evaṃ vaiśyasya vasubhūte| ‘‘pluto rājanyaviśāṃ vā’’ iti kātyāyanavacanātkṣatriyavaiśyayoḥ pakṣe pluto na bhavati| śūdrasya pluto na kāryaḥ, ‘‘aśūdre’’ iti pāṇinivacanāt| ‘‘striyāmapi niṣedhaḥ’’ iti kātyāyanavacanātstriyāmapi pratyabhivādanavākye na plutaḥ| govindarājastu brāhmaṇasya nāmni śarmopapadaṃ nityaṃ prāgabhidhāya pratyabhivādanavākye ‘‘āyuṣmān bhava saumyabhadra'' iti nirupapadodāharaṇasopapadodāharaṇānabhijñatvameva nijaṃ jñāpayati| dharaṇīdharo'pi āyuṣmān bhava saumya, iti saṃbuddhivibhaktyantaṃ manuvacanaṃ paśyannapyasaṃbuddhiprathamaikavacanāntamamukaśarmetyudāharanvicakṣaṇairapyupekṣaṇīya eva|

3.126

yo vipro'bhivādanasyānurūpaṃ pratyabhivādanaṃ na jānātyāsāvabhivādanaviduṣāpi svanāmoccāraṇadyuktavidhinā śūdra iva nābhivādyaḥ| abhivādaye'hamiti śabdoccāraṇamātraṃ tu caraṇagrahaṇādiśūnyamaniṣiddham| prāguktatvāt|

3.127

samāgamya samāgame kṛte abhivādakamavaravayaskaṃ samānavayaskamanabhivādakamapi brāhmaṇaṃ kuśalaṃ, kṣatriyamanāmayaṃ, vaiśyaṃ kṣemaṃ, śūdramārogyaṃ pṛcchet| ataevāpastambaḥ— ‘‘kuśalamavaravayasaṃ samānavayasaṃ vā vipraṃ pṛcchet| anāmayaṃ kṣatriyaṃ kṣemaṃ vaiśyaṃ ārogyaṃ śūdram'' avaravayasamabhivādakaṃ vayasyamanabhivādakamapīti manvarthamevāpastambaḥ sphuṭayatisma| govindarājastu prakaraṇātpratyabhivādakasyaiva kuśalādipraśnamāha| tanna, abhivādakena saha samāgamasyānuprāptatvāt| samāgamyeti niṣprayojanānuvādaprasaṅgāt| ataḥ kuśalakṣemaśabdayoranāmayārogyapadayośca| samānārthatvācchabdaviśeṣoccāraṇameva vivakṣitam|

3.128

pratyabhivādanakāle anyadā ca dīkṣaṇīyātaḥprabhṛtyāvabhṛthasnānātkaniṣṭho'pi dīkṣito nāmnā na vācyaḥ, kiṃtu bhobhavacchabdapūrvakaṃ dīkṣitādiśabdairutkarṣābhidhāyibhireva dhārmiko'bhibhāṣeta| bho dīkṣita, idaṃ kuru, bhavatā yajamānena idaṃ kriyatāmiti |

3.129

yā strī parapatnī bhavati, asaṃbandhā ca yonita iti svastrādirna bhavati tāmanupayuktasaṃbhāṣaṇakāle bhavati, subhage, bhaginīti vā vadet| parapatnīgrahaṇātkanyāyāṃ naiṣa vidhiḥ| svasuḥ kanyādestvāyuṣmatītyādipadairabhibhāṣaṇam|

3.130

mātulādīnāgatānkaniṣṭhānāsanādutthāya asāvahamiti vadet nābhivādayet| asāviti svanāmanirdeśaḥ| ‘‘bhūyiṣṭhāḥ khalu guravaḥ’’ ityupakramya jñānavṛddhatapovṛddhayorapi hārītena gurutvakīrtanāttayośca kaniṣṭhayorapi saṃbhavāttadviṣayo'yaṃ guruśabdaḥ|

3.131

mātṛṣvasrādayo gurupatnīvatpratyutthānābhivādanāsanadānādibhiḥ saṃpūjyāḥ| abhivādanaprakaraṇādabhivādanameva saṃpūjanaṃ vijñāyata iti samāstā ityavocat| gurubhāryāsamānatvātpratyutthānādikamapi kāryamityarthaḥ|

3.132

bhrātuḥsajātīyā bhāryā jyeṣṭhā pūjāprakaraṇādupasaṃgrāhyā pādayorabhivādyā| ahanyahani pratyahameva | apirevārthe | jñātayaḥ pitṛpakṣāḥ pitṛvyādayaḥ, saṃbandhino mātṛpakṣāḥ śvaśurādayaśca, teṣāṃ patnyaḥ punarviproṣya pravāsātpratyāgatenaivābhivādyāḥ na tu pratyahaṃ niyamaḥ|

3.133

piturmātuśca bhaginyāṃ jyeṣṭhāyāṃ cātmano bhaginyāṃ mātṛvadvṛttimātiṣṭhet | mātā punastābhyo gurutamā| nanu mātṛṣvasā mātulānītyanenaiva gurupatnīvatpūjyatvamuktaṃ kimadhikamanena bodhyate| ucyate-idameva mātā tābhyo garīyasīti| tena pitṛṣvasrānujñāyāṃ dattāyāṃ mātrā ca virodhe māturājñā anuṣṭheyeti athavā pūrvaṃ pitṛṣvasrādermātṛvatpūjyatvamuktam| anena tu snehādivṛttirapyatidiśyata ityapunaruktiḥ|

3.134

daśa abdā ākhyā yasya taddaśābdākhyaṃ paurasakhyam | ayamarthaḥ | ekapuravāsināṃ vakṣyamāṇavidyādiguṇarahitānāmekasya daśābhirabdairjyeṣṭhatvesatyapi sakhyamākhyāyate | puragrahaṇaṃ pradarśanārthaṃ tenaikagrāmādinivāsināmapi syāt| gītādikalābhijñānāṃ pañcavarṣaparyantaṃ sakhyaṃ, śrotriyāṇāṃ tryabdaparyantaṃ, sapiṇḍeṣvatyantālpenaiva kālena saha sakhyam | apirevārthe| sarvatroktakālādūrdhvaṃ jyeṣṭhavyavahāraḥ|

3.135

daśavarṣaṃ brāhmaṇaṃ śatavarṣaṃ punaḥ kṣatriyaṃ pitāputrau jānīyāt | tayormadhye daśavarṣo'pi brāhmaṇa eva kṣatriyasya śatavarṣasyāpi pitā| tasmātpitṛvadasau tasya mānyaḥ|

3.136

vittaṃ nyāyārjitaṃ dhanaṃ, bandhuḥ pitṛvyādiḥ, vayo'dhikavayaskatā, karma śrautaṃ smārtaṃ ca, vidyā vedārthatattvajñānaṃ, etāni pañca mānyatvakāraṇāni| eṣāṃ madhye yadyaduttaraṃ tattatpūrvasmācchreṣṭhamiti bahumānyamelake balābalamuktam|

3.137

triṣu varṇeṣu brāhmaṇādiṣu pañcānāṃ vittādīnāṃ madhye yatra puruṣe pūrvamapyanekaṃ bhavati sa evottarasmādapi mānyaḥ| tena vittabandhuyukto vayodhikānmānyaḥ| evaṃ vittāditrayayuktaḥ karmavato mānyaḥ| vittādicatuṣṭayayukto viduṣo mānyaḥ| guṇavanti ceti prakarṣavanti| tena dvayoreva vidyādisatve prakarṣo mānahetuḥ| śūdro'pi daśamīmavasthāṃ navatyadhikāṃ gato dvijanmanāmapi mānārhaḥ| śatavarṣāṇāṃ daśadhā vibhāge daśamyavasthā navatyadhikā bhavati|
ayamapi pūjāprakāraḥ prasaṅgāducyate-

3.138

cakrayuktarathādiyānārūḍhasya, navatyadhikavayasaḥ, rogārtasya, bhārapīḍitasya, striyāḥ, aciranivṛttasamāvartanasya, deśādhipasya, vivāhāya prasthitasya panthāstyaktavyaḥ| tyāgārthatvācca dadāterna caturthī|

3.139

teṣāmekatra militānāṃ deśādhipasnātakau mānyau| rājasnātakayorapi snātaka eva rājāpekṣayā mānyaḥ| ato rājaśabdo'tra pūrvaśloke na kevalajātivacanaḥ| kṣatriyajātyapekṣayā "brāhmaṇaṃ daśavarṣaṃ tu" (a0 2 ślo0 135) ityanena brāhmaṇamātrasya mānyatvābhidhānātsnātakagrahaṇavaiyarthyāt |
ācāryādiśabdārthamāha-

3.140

taiḥ śabdairiha śāstre prāyo vyavahārāt| yo brāhmaṇaḥ śiṣyamupanīya kalparahasyasahitā vedaśākhāṃ sarvāmadhyāpayati tamācāryaṃ pūrve munayo vadanti| kalpo yajñavidyā, rahasyamupaniṣat | vedatve'pyupaniṣadāṃ prādhānyavivakṣayā pṛthaṅnirdeśaḥ|

3.141

vedasyaikadeśaṃ mantraṃ brāhmaṇaṃ ca vedarahitāni vyākaraṇādīnyaṅgāni yo vṛttyarthamadhyāpayati sa upādhyāya ucyate|

3.142

niṣeko garbhādhānaṃ tena piturayaṃ gurutvopadeśaḥ| garbhādhānādīni saṃskārakarmāṇi piturupadiṣṭāni yathāśāstraṃ yaḥ karoti, annena ca saṃvardhayati sa vipro gururucyate |

3.143

āhavanīyādyagnyutpādakaṃ karmāgnyādheyaṃ, aṣṭakādīnpākayajñān |, agniṣṭomādīnyajñānkṛtavaraṇo yasya karoti sa tasyartvigiha śāstre'bhidhīyate | brahmacāridharmeṣvanupayuktamapyṛtvigalakṣaṇamācāryādivadṛtvijo'pi mānyatvaṃ darśayituṃ prasaṅgāduktam |

3.144

ya ubhau karṇau avitathamiti varṇasvaravaiguṇyarahitena satyarūpeṇa vedenāpūrayati sa mātā pitā ca jñeyaḥ| mahopakārakatvaguṇayogādayamadhyāpako mātāpitṛśabdavācyastaṃ nāpakuryāt | kadācaneti gṛhīte vede |

3.145

daśopādhyāyānapekṣya ācāryaḥ, ācāryaśatamapekṣya pitā, sahasraṃ pitṝnapekṣya mātā gauraveṇātiriktā bhavati| atropanayanapūrvakasāvitrīmātrādhyāpayitā ācāryo'bhipretastamapekṣya piturutkarṣaḥ| ‘‘utpādakabrahmadātroḥ’’ (a0 2 ślo 146) ityanena mukhyācāryasya pitaramapekṣyotkarṣaṃ vakṣyatītyavirodhaḥ |

3.146

3.147

mātāpitarau yadyenaṃ bālakaṃ kāmavaśena Nabānyonyamutpādayataḥ saṃbhavamātraṃ tattasya paścādisādhāraṇam| yadyonau mātṛkukṣāvabhijāyate'ṅgapratyaṅgāni labhate|

3.148

ācāryaḥ punarvedajño'sya māṇakasya yāṃ jātiṃ yajjanma vidhivatsāvitryeti sāṅgopanayanapūrvakasāvitryanuvacanenotpādayati sā jātiḥ satyā ajarāmarā ca| brahmaprāptiphalatvāt| upanayanapūrvakasya vedādhyayanatadarthajñānānuṣṭhānairniṣkāmasya mokṣalābhāt |

3.149

śrutasya śrutenetyarthaḥ| upādhyāyo yasya śiṣyasyālpaṃ vā bahu vā kṛtvā śrutenopakaroti tamapīha śāstre tasya guruṃ jānīyāt| śrutamevopakriyā tayā śrutopakriyayā |

3.150

brahmaśravaṇārthaṃ janma brāhmamupanayanam| svadharmasya śāsitā vedārthavyākhyātā tādṛśo'pi bālo vṛddhasya jyeṣṭhasya pitā bhavati| dharmata iti pitṛdharmāstasminnanuṣṭhātavyāḥ |
prakṛtānurūpārthavādamāha-

3.151

aṅgirasaḥ putro bālaḥ kavirvidvān pitṝngauṇān pitṛvyatatputrādīnadhikavayaso'dhyāpitavān| tāñjñānena parigṛhya śiṣyānkṛtvā putrakā iti ājuhāva| itiha ityavyayaṃ purāvṛttasūcanārtham |

3.152

te pitṛtulyāḥ putrakā ityuktā anena jātakrodhāḥ putrakaśabdārthaṃ devānpṛṣṭavantaḥ| devāśca pṛṣṭā militvā etānavocan| yuṣmānyacchiśuḥ putraśabdenoktavāṃstadyuktam |

3.153

3.154

na bahubhirvarṣaiḥ, na keśaśmaśrulomabhiḥ śuklaiḥ, na bahunā dhanena, na pitṛvyatvādibhirbandhubhāvaiḥ samuditairapyetairna mahattvaṃ bhavati, kiṃtu ṛṣaya imaṃ dharmaṃ kṛtavantaḥ| yaḥ sāṅgavedādhyetā so'smākaṃ mahān saṃmataḥ|

3.155

brāhmaṇānāṃ vidyayā, kṣatriyāṇāṃ punarvīryeṇa, vaiśyānāṃ dhānyavastrādidhanena, śūdrāṇāmeva punarjanmanā śreṣṭhatvam| sarvatra tṛtīyārthe tasiḥ|

3.156

na tena vṛddho bhavati yenāsya śuklakeśaṃ śiraḥ kiṃtu yuvāpi sanvidvāṃsataṃ devāḥsthaviraṃ jānanti |

3.157

yathā kāṣṭhaghaṭito hastī, yathā carmanirmito mṛgaḥ, yaśca vipro nādhīte traya ete nāmamātraṃ dadhati natu hastyādikāryaṃ śatruvadhādikaṃ kartuṃ kṣamante|

3.158

yathā napuṃsakaḥ strīṣu niṣphalaḥ, yathā ca strīgavī gavyāmeva niṣphalā, yathā cājñe dānamaphalaṃ tathā brāhmaṇo'pyanadhīyāno niṣphalaḥ śrotasmārtakarmānarhatayā tatphalarahitaḥ|

3.159

bhūtānā śiṣyāṇāṃ prakaraṇācchreyorthamanuśāsanamanatihiṃsayā kartavyam| ‘‘rajjvā veṇudalena vā’’ (a0 8 ślo0 99) ityalpahiṃsāyā abhyanujñānāt| vāṇī madhurā prītijananī ślakṣṇā yā nauccairucyate sā śiṣyaśikṣāyai dharmabuddhimicchatā prayoktavyā|
idānīṃ puruṣamātrasya phalaṃ dharmaṃ vāṅmanaḥsayamamāha—

3.160

adhyāpayitureva yasya vāṅmanaścobhayaṃ śuddhaṃ bhavati| vāganṛtādibhiraduṣṭā manaśca rāgadveṣādibhiradūṣitaṃ bhavati| ete vāṅmanasī niṣiddhaviṣayaprakaraṇe sarvadā yasya puṃsaḥ surakṣite bhavataḥ sa vedānte'vagataṃ sarvaṃ phalaṃ sarvajñatvaṃ sarveśānādirūpaṃ mokṣalābhādavāpnoti|

3.161

ayamapi puruṣamātrasyaiva dharmo nādhyāpakasya| ārtaḥ pīḍito'pi nāruṃtudaḥ syānna marmapīḍākaraṃ tattvadūṣaṇamudāharet| tathā parasya droho'pakārastadartha karmabuddhiśca na kartavyā| tathā yayā vācāsya paro vyathate tāṃ marmaspṛśamathālokyāṃ svargādiprāptivirodhinīṃ na vadet|

3.162

brāhmaṇaḥ saṃmānādviṣādiva sarvadodvijeta saṃmāne prītiṃ na kuryāt| amṛtasyeva sarvasmāllokādavamānasyākāṅkṣet| avamāne pareṇa kṛte'pi kṣamāvāṃstatra khedaṃ na kuryāt| mānāvamānadvandvasahiṣṇutvamanena vidīyate|
avamānasahiṣṇutve hetumāha—

3.163

yasmādavamāne pareṇa kṛte tatra khedamakurvāṇaḥ sukhaṃ nidrāti| anyathāvamānaduḥkhena dahyamānaḥ kathaṃ nidrāṃ labhate| kathaṃ ca sukhaṃ pratibudhyate| pratibuddhaśca kathaṃ sukhaṃ kāryeṣu carati| avamānakartā tena pāpena vinaśyati|

3.164

anena kramakathitopāyena jātakarmādinopanayanaparyantena saṃskṛto dvijo gurukule vasan śanairatvarayā vedagrahaṇārthaṃ tapo'bhihitābhidhāsyamānaniyamakalāparūpamanutiṣṭhet| sidhyantarasiddhasyāpyayamarthavādo'dhyayanāṅgattvabodhanāya|
adhyayanāṅgattvameva spaṣṭayati—

3.165

tapo viśeṣairniyamakalāpairvividhairbahuprakāraiśca “adhyeṣyamāṇastvācāntaḥ” (a0 2 ślo0 70) ityādināktaiḥ, “sevetemāṃstu niyamān” (a0 2 ślo0 175) ityādibhi—rvakṣyamāṇairapi, vrataiścopaniṣanmahānāmnikādibhirvidhideśitaiḥ svagṛhyavihitaiḥ samagravedo mantrabrāhmaṇātmakaḥ sopaniṣatko'pyadhyetavyaḥ| rahasyamupaniṣadaḥ| prādhānyakhyāpanāya pṛthaṅnirdeśaḥ|

3.166

yatra niyamānāmaṅgattvamuktaṃ tatkṛtsnasvādhyāyādhyayanamanena vidhatte| tapastapsyaṃścariṣyandvijo vedameva grahaṇārthamāvartayet| tasmādvedābhyāsa eva viprāderiha loke prakṛṣṭaṃ tapo munibhirabhidhīyate|

3.167

svādhyāyādhyayanastutiriyam| ha śabdaḥ paramaśabdavihitasyāpi prakarṣasya sūcakaḥ| sa dvija ā nakhāgrebhya eva caraṇanakhaparyantaṃ sarvadehavyāpakameva prakṛṣṭatamaṃ tapastapyate| yaḥ sragvyapi kusumamālādhāryapi pratyahaṃ yathāśakti svādhyāyamadhīte| sragvyapītyanena vedādhyayanāya brahmacāriniyamatyāgamapi stutyarthaṃ darśayati| tapyata iti “tapastapaḥ— karmakasyaiva” (pā0 sū0 3/1/88) iti yagātmanepade bhavataḥ|

3.168

yo dvijo vedamanadhītyānyatrārthaśāstrādau śramaṃ yatnātiśayaṃ karoti sa jīvanneva putrapautrādisahitaḥ śīghraṃ śūdratvaṃ gacchati| vedamanadhītyāpi smṛtivedāṅgādhyayane virodhābhāvaḥ| ataeva śaṅkhalikhitau-“na vedamanadhītyānyāṃ vidyāmadhīyītānyatra vedāṅgasmṛtibhyaḥ''|
dvijānāṃ tatra tatrādhikāraśruterdvijatvanirūpaṇārthamāha-

3.169

mātuḥ sakāśādādau puruṣasya janma| dvitīyaṃ mauñjibandhane upanayane| “ṅyāpoḥ saṃjñāchandasorbahulam'' (pā0 sū0 6/3/63) iti hrasvaḥ| tṛtīyaṃ jyotiṣṭomādiyajñadīkṣāyāṃ vedaśravaṇāt| tathāca śrutiḥ-“punarvā yadṛṛtvijo yajñiyaṃ kurvanti yaddīkṣayanti'' iti| prathamadvitīyatṛtīyajanmakathanaṃ cedaṃ dvitīyajanmastutyarthaṃ, dvijasyaiva yajñadīkṣāyāmapyadhikārāt|

3.170

teṣu triṣu janmasu madhye yadetadbrahmagrahaṇārthaṃ janmopanayanasaṃskārarūpaṃ mekhalābandhanopalakṣitaṃ tatrāsya māṇavakasya sāvitrī mātā, ācāryaśca pitā mātṛpitṛsaṃpādyatvājjanmanaḥ|

3.171

vedādhyāpanādācāryaṃ pitaraṃ manvādayo vadanti| pitṛtvanmahopakāraphalādrauṇaṃ pitṛtvam|| mahopakārameva darśayati- na hyasminniti| yasmādasminmāṇavake prāgupanayanātkiṃcitkarma śrautaṃ smārtaṃ ca na saṃbadhyate| na tatrādhikriyata ityarthaḥ|

3.172

āmauñjibandhanādityanuvartate prāgupanayanādvedaṃ nauccārayet| svadhāśabdena śrāddhamucyate| ninīyate niṣpādyate yena mantrajātena tadvarjayitvā mṛtapitṛko navaśrāddhādau mantraṃ noccārayet| tadvyatiriktaṃ vedaṃ nodāharet| yasmādyāvadvede na jāyate tāvadasau śūdreṇa tulyaḥ|

3.173

yasmādasya māṇavakasya ‘‘samidhamādhehi’’ (gṛ0 sū0 1/22/6) ‘‘divā mā svāpsīḥ’’ (gṛ0 sū0 1/22/2) ityādivratādeśanaṃ vedasyādhyayanaṃ mantrabrāhmaṇakrameṇa ‘‘adhyeṣyamāṇastvācāntaḥ’’ (a0 2 ślo0 70) ityādividhipūrvakamupanītasyopadiśyate tasmādupanayanātpūrvaṃ na vedamudāharet|

3.174

yasya brahmacāriṇo yāni carmasūtramekhalādaṇḍavastrāṇyupanayanakāle gṛhyeṇa vihitāni, godānādivrateṣvapi tānyeva navāni kartavyāni|

3.176

pratyahaṃ snātvā devarṣipitṛbhya udakadānaṃ, pratimādiṣu hariharādidevapūjanaṃ, sāyaṃ prātaśca samiddhomaṃ kuryāt | yastu gautamīye snānaniṣedho brahmacāriṇaḥ sa sukhasnānaviṣayaḥ | ataeva baudhāyanaḥ- "nāpsu ślāghamānaḥ snāyāt" | viṣṇunātra 'kāladvayamabhiṣekāgnikāryakaraṇamapsu daṇḍavanmajjanam' iti bruvāṇena vāradvayaṃ snānamupadiṣṭam |

First 170 of 242 passages. Read on

Linked texts (3)

Hārītadharmasūtra (fragments) — Sanskrit
Śaṅkhalikhitadharmasūtra (fragments) — Sanskrit
Paiṭhīnasidharmasūtra (fragments) — Sanskrit