Yāska's Nirukta 14.1
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 14.1
- Language
- Sanskrit
14.1.1
"athāpi" idamaparamārambhaprayojanamasya | āha-kim iti ? ucyate-^1"jñānapraśaṃsā bhavatyajñānanindā ca " jñānaṃ ca praśasyate, ajñānaṃ ca nindyate | tatraivaṃ sati vayaimanindyāḥ syāma praśasyāśceti pariśeyaṃ niruktam | ato hi ādhyātmyadhidevatādhiyajñābhidhāyināṃ mantrāṇāmarthāḥ parijñāyinte, te ca parijñātāḥ santaḥ puruṣasyottamāya śreyase bhavanti | tadevamakhilapuruṣārthopakārasamarthaśāstramiti nyāyyamārabdhum || kva punarśānaṃ praśasyate'jñānaṃ ca nindyate ? iti | ucyate-loke, śāstre ca | loke tāvad yaḥ kaścid vidvān bhavati, sa pūjyate puṇyaphalairabhibhijainaiḥ, tadetat pratyakṣata eva dṛṣṭam | śāstre'pi "sthāṇurayaṃ bhārahāraḥ"^2-ityādi | sthāṇurvṛkṣaḥ, sa yathā patrapuṣpaphalānāmātmīyānāṃ dhāraṇamātreṇaiva sambadhyate, na tajjairgandharasarūpasparśopabhogasukhaiḥ | evañca "kila" asau "adhītya vedaṃ na vijānāti yo'rtham" tasya vedasyādhyayanabhāramātrameva hyasau vibharti | "yo'rthajña in sakalaṃ bhadramaśnute" ya evārthajño bhavati na granthamātrādhyetā, sa eva sakalamanavakhaṇḍitaṃ bhadram aśnute, arthaparijñānaphalamaśnute prāpnoti | kiṃ punastat ? iha loke pūjyatāmupetya śiṣṭānām, ito lokādantakāle "nākameti " yatrāmukhaṃ kiñcidapi nāsti, ādhyātmikamādhidaivikamādhibhautikaṃ vā, ["kaṃmiti sukhanāma, tat pratiṣiddhaṃ pratiṣidhyeta ' na vā amuṃ lokaṃ jagmuṣe kiñca nākam|' na vā amuṃ lokaṃ gatavate kiñca nāsukham | puṇyakṛto hyeva tatra gacchanti" iti nai0 kā0 a02,kha0 14,] tat sthānameti niratiśayam | kasmāt punarasauvīdṛśaṃ sthānameti iti ?
14.1.2
ucyate-itaḥ-yasmādasau "jñānavidhūtapāpmā" ye hi nākagamanapratibandhinaḥ pāpmānaḥ, te tasya jñānena vidhūtāḥ, ato'sāveti nākam | uktaṃcānyatrāpi-'na hi jñānena sadṛśaṃ pavitramiha vidyate' iti | athavā sthāṇurgadarbhaiḥ | sa yathā candanabhāraṃ vahatyevaṃ na tadupabhogainābhisambadhyate, evaṃ kilāsau yo granthamātrādhyetā, nārthajñaḥ | evaṃ tāvadasminjñānaṃ praśastam || athaitasmin ajñānaṃ nindyate,--"yad gṛhītarmāvijñātam"-iti | yad gṛhītaṃ gurumukhāt, avijñātaṃ cārthataḥ | kiñca, "nigadenaiva śabdayate " nigadamātreṇaiva nityakālaṃ śabdayate, uccāryate, na punararthato vicāryate | āha-kiṃ tasya ? ucyate-"anagnā- viva śuṣkaidho na tajjvalati karhicit” | śuṣkaṃ kāṣṭhamantamau pradeśe nālaṃ jvalanāya prakāśāya | evaṃ yo vedārthasyānabhijño'dhyetā sa vedādhyayanabhāramātreṇaiva sambadhyate, na tu tadīyena phalena, parijñānaṃ tu śreyasā cābhyudayena ca yunaktīti | tasmādetatparijñānāya avaśyaṃ niruktaśāstramārabdhavyamiti || sthāṇuśabdamarthaśabdaṃ ca udāharaṇaprasaktau nirvakti,-"sthāṇustiṣṭhateḥ" sthito hyasau nityakālameva bhavati, na kadācidapyāsīteti || "artho'rtteḥ” gatikarmaṇaḥ, aryyate hyasāvarthibhiḥ | '‘araṇastho vā” yadāsya svāmī arati gacchati ito lokādamuṃ lokaṃ tadāyamihaiva tiṣṭhati, nānenaiva sahāmuṃ lokaṃ gacchati dīnārādirarthaḥ, tatsāmānyāditaro'pi śabdārtho'rtha ucyate ||
14.1.3
na kevalaṃ smṛttāveva jñānapraśaṃsā ajñānanindā ca | kiṃ tarhi ? (ka) vede'pi “uta tvaḥ paśyan ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 2, 23, 4 )”-iti | vidyāsūkte dve apyete ṛcau bṛhaspaterārṣam | "uta" śabdo'piśabdena samānārthaḥ | “tvaḥ” eka ityarthaḥ | bahūnāmapi samānapṛṣṭhodarapāṇipādānāṃ samānamevādhyayanamadhīyānānām ekaḥ kaścit "paśyan"
14.1.4
nnapi "vācaṃ" manasā svabhyastādhyayano'pi tīkṣṇavidyaḥ san "na dadarśa" na paśyatyeva, artho'nabhijñatvāt | sa hi tāṃ samyak paśyati, yastasyā arthaṃ vijānāti | arthaparijñānaphalā hi vāgityabhiprāyaḥ | evamekaḥ "śṛṇvan" api "na śṛṇoti" "enāṃ" vācam | ya eva hi arthamavabudhyate vācaḥ, tenaiva hi sā samyak śrutā bhavati, netareṇa, itaro hyavidvān dhvanimātramevoccārayati yanna śṛṇoti vācam | evam "ardham" anenārddharcena "avidvāṃsamāha" nindan mantradṛk | sāmpratamuttareṇārddharcenārthajñaṃ praśaṃsannāha- "uto tvasmai" "apyekasmai" kasmaicidarthajñāya "tanvaṃ" śarīraṃ "visasre" visraṃsayati vivṛṇotītyarthaḥ | artho vācaḥ śarīraṃ taṃ vivṛṇoti || ātmānaṃ darśayatyekasmai kasmaicidarthajñāya "prakāśanasamarthasyāhānayā vācā" anena tṛtīyena pādenetyarthaḥ || kathaṃ tarhi vivṛṇute tanvam ? iti a̍taḥ - "upamotta̱mayā vācā" uttamena pādenocyate,-"jāyeva patya uśatī suvāsāḥ"-ityanena | yathā hi jāyā vivṛtasarvāṅgāvayavā bhūtvā uśatī "kāmayamānā" patye iṣṭāya bhartre premṇā darśayedātmānam | kasmin kāle ? yadā suvāsāḥ bhavati, nirṣiktavāsā bhavati | nirṣiktavāsā nīrajaskā "ṛtukāleṣu" tadā hyatitarāṃ strī puruṣaṃ prārthayate | ataḥ etayāvasthayopamīyate | "yathā saḥ" puruṣastām "enāṃ" yathāvat "paśyati" striyam, netaraṃ yā ghanapaṭaprāvṛtasarvagātrā | evaṃ " saḥ " eva enāṃ vācaṃ yathāvat "śṛṇotīti" | yaḥ padaśo'vacchidyaitāṃ vigṛhya cārthamasyāḥ paśyati samastavyastam | evamasyāmṛcīyam | "arthajñapraśaṃsā" | 19 |
14.1.5
apyekaṃ vāk sakhye sthirapītamāhū ramamaṇaṃ vipītārthaṃ devasakhye ramaṇīye sthāna iti vā vijñātārthaṃ canvāpnuvanti vāgjñeyeṣu balavatsvapi | adhenvā hyeṣa carati māyayā vākpratirūpayā nāsmai kāmāndugdhe vāgdohyān devamanuṣyasthāneṣu yo vācaṃ śrutavān bhavatyaphalāmapuṣpām ||
14.1.6
apīyamaparā ṛk asyā eva “uttarā” “tasya” asyaivārthasya prakṛtasya jñānapraśaṃsākhyasya phalābhidhānadvāreṇa “bhūyase” bahutarāya amunā phalenābhisambandhāt pratiṣṭhito'stvananityevaṃ “nirvacanāya” nirvvicya nirdhāryya vaktanaṃ kathanaṃ nirvacanam, tasmai nirvacanāya| tadyathā– “ uta̱ tva̍ṃ sa̱khye sthi̱rapī̍tamāhuḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 2, 24, 4)”–iti| “apyekam” api vahūn viduṣaḥ ‘sakhye’ sakhibhāve, katarasmin “devasakhye” devānāṃ samānakhyānatāyāṃ devasāyujye ityarthaḥ | vakṣyati hi,—“yāṃ yāṃ devatāṃ nirāha, tasyāstasyāstādbhāvyamanubhavati ( a0 13, khaṃ 13 )”—iti | athavā, devasakhye ramaṇīye sthāne | yasmin devānāṃ sakhibhāvaḥ, taddevasakhyaṃ sthānam, tasmin devasakhye ramaṇīye sthāne, devaloka ityarthaḥ | kim ? iti, “sthiram” avicālinem apracyavanadharmāṇam | kamevamāhuḥ ? “vipītārtham” āpītārthaṃ gṛhītārthamityarthaḥ | ka evamāva ? iyameva “vāk” ṛksaṃśitā | kiṃca, “nainaṃ hinvantyapi vājineṣu” | enaṃ vāgarthajñaṃ na hinvanti nānugantuṃ śaknuvanti | keṣu ? vājineṣu “vāgjñeyeṣu” artheṣu “balavatsu” “api” durjñeyeṣu duravaghaṭanīyeṣu, samudrapihitaratnasatribheṣu devatāparijñānādiṣu vyākarttavyeṣu | sa hi tān vyākarttuṃ śakroti, netare mandabuddhayo bahavo'pi samāgatāḥ śaknuvanti tānarthān vyākarttum, yānasau vyākaroti | ata etaduktam–nainaṃ hinvantyapi vājineṣu–iti | api evaṃ tāvadarthajñaḥ praśastaḥ ||
14.1.7
athedānīmavidvānuttareṇāṅgatvena nindyante— “adhenvā carati” “adhenvā hi eṣa carati” na hi sā vāk dhinotīha na paratra ca, yasyā artho na parijñāyate | tathā gṛhītayaiva tāmadhīyāna itaścetaścarati, tatpradhāna eva sarvataḥ paryyaṭatītyabhiprāyaḥ | kiñca, “māyayaiṣa” carati gṛhītayā | yathā hi kaścinmāyayā suvarṇaṃ bibhṛyāt, evamayaṃ “vāca̍m” eva etāṃ vibhartti | sā tādṛśī bhriyamāṇā “vāk” kiṃ karoti ? “nāsmai kāmān dugdhe”|| katamān?“dogdhān” ye tasyā vāco dogdhavyāḥ|kva?‘devamanuṣyasthāneṣu”devatāsthāneṣu manuṣyasthāneṣu ca| “yaḥ” kiṃ karoti ? yaḥevaṃ “śuśruvān” “śrutavān bhavati”|” katham ? “aphalāmapuṣpāmiti” evaṃ yaḥ śrutavān bhavati anyebhyaḥ sakāśāt, śrutvā ca dṛḍhagrāheṇa gṛhītvāvasthito bhavati, adhyayanādṛte nānyadasti vāci kiñcin mṛgyamiti || tasmai kim ? iti “aphalaivāsmā apuṣpā” ca “vāg bhavatīti” | yathaiva hyasau paśyati aphaleyamapuṣpā ceti tathaiva bhavatītyabhiprāyaḥ | atha “vā” “kiñcitpuṣpaphaleti vā” | etaduktaṃ bhavati-alpaphalāmalpapuṣpāmiti | kiṃ kāraṇam ? asti hyadhyayanamātre'pi kiñcidalpaṃ phalam, nāsau pariśramo vyartha eveti bhāṣyakārābhiprāyaḥ || āha--kiṃ punarvācaḥ puṣpaphalam ? iti | ucyate--“arthaṃ vācaḥ puṣpaphalamāha” etasmin mantre mantrahagāhakaḥ punarasāvarthaḥ ? iti | yājñaṃ daivata madhyātmamityeṣa vācaḥ samāsato'rthaḥ | sa punareṣa rūpakakalpanayā puṣpaphalavibhāgena dvidhā pravibhajyate,-“yājñadaivate” “puṣpaphale” “devatādhyātma vā” iti | yajñaparijñānaṃ yājñam, devatāparijñānaṃ daivatam, ātmanyadhi yad varttate tadadhyātmam |
14.1.8
sa eṣa sarvo'pi mantrabrāhmaṇarāśiravaṃ tredhā vibhaktaḥ | tatraivaṃ sati,-yadā abhyudayalakṣaṇo dharmo'bhipreyate, tadā yājñaṃ puṣpaṃ daivataṃ phalam | kiṃ kāraṇam ? pūrvaṃ hi puṣpaṃ bhavati phalārtham, yājñamapi ca | pūrvaṃ tanyate devatārtham, ityetasmāt sāmānyād yājñaṃ puṣpam, daivataṃ phalam | yadā punaniḥśreyasalakṣaṇo dharmo'bhipreyate, tadobhe api yājñadaivate puṣpatvameva bibhṛtaḥ | daivate hi yājñamantarbhūtameva tadarthatvāt, ato na pṛthagucyate | yat punaretaddvidaivataṃ sarvamapi prativiśiṣṭajñānenopāsanena mumukṣuṇā nirūpya cetasā ātmānameva pratyabhisampādyate kāryyakāraṇādhidevatādvāreṇa, so'yamevamadhidaivatamadhiyajñaṃ vo'ntaḥdyātmamevābhisampādayati, yathā puṣpabhāvamucchidya puṣpaṃ phalabhāvāyaiti | evaṃ so'yamātmayājyevābhisampadyate | tatraivaṃ sati-adhyātmārthatvādadhidaivatasya, adhyātmasya ca puruṣārthamya niṣpannatvāt, daivataṃ puṣpam, adhyātmaṃ phalamityevamuktam | 20 |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit