Yāska's Nirukta 186
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 186
- Language
- Sanskrit
186.1
"vaiśvānaraḥ"-iti vaktavyam, tadarthamupodvadanti-"vaiśvānaraḥ kasmāt ?" iti | "viśvān narān" ito lokāt amuṃ loka 'nayati" hetukarttṛtvena sarvāsu pravṛttiṣu ayameva narān nayati | yathā pañcāgnividyāyāmucyate-"api vā sati tasmin sarvāḥ pravṛttayaḥ phalavatyo narāṇāṃ bhavantīti hetukartṛtvena sarvāsu pravṛttiṣvayameva narān nayati pravarttayatīti vaiśvānaraḥ" || athavā-"viśve enaṃ narāḥ nayanti iti vā" karmakārakam, sa nīyamānaḥ tāsu tāsu kriyāsvaṅgabhāvaṃ naraiḥ karma sampadyete || "api vā viśvānaraḥ eva" kaścit "syāt" | sa punaḥ kasmāt ? "pratyutā sarvāṇi bhūtāni" viśvāni hyasau bhūtāni prati ṛtaḥ praviṣṭa ityarthaḥ | "tasya" viśvānarasya apatyaṃ "vaiśvānaraḥ" |
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"tasya" vaiśvānarasya "eṣā" prādhānyastutirṛk "bhavati"-||
"vaiśvānarasya sumatau (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 7, 6, 1) "-iti | kutsasyārṣam | pṛṣṭhyābhiplavayoścatuthapañcamayorahvorabhimārutasya pratipat || "itaḥ" pṛthivīlokāt oṣadhivanaspatibhyaḥ yaḥ “jātaḥ" "viśvam idaṃ vicaṣṭe" "sarvamidamabhivipaśyati” yaścābhidraṣṭavya upakārakatvena, darśayati vā prakāśakatvena | yaśca “yatate” “saṃyatate” "sūryeṇa” saṅgacchate svena bhāsā | "rājā” ca “yaḥ” “bhuvanānāṃ” “sarveṣāṃ bhūtānām” “abhiśrīḥ” “abhiśrayaṇīyaḥ" āśrayaṇīyaḥ | "tasya vayam" evaṅguṇayuktasya “vaiśvānarasya" nityaṃ "sumatau” “kalyāṇyāṃ matau" upakārapravṛttāyāmātmano yathābhimatārthasādhikāyām “syām”-- ityetat āśāsmahe | loke'pi hi stūyata eva pūrvam, paścāt prārthayata ityācāryyaḥ paśyan mantre'nvayameva nyāya ityupapradarśanārthaṃ padānāṃ kramaṃ bibheda, kalyāṇyāṃ matau syāmetyāśiṣā ca samāpayāñcakre || anekātiṅi caitasmin mantre pratitiṅ vākyabhede prāpte yattadoradhyāhāreṇa “rājā yaḥ sarveṣāṃ bhūtānāmabhiśrayaṇīyaḥ, tasya vayaṃ vaiśvānarasya kalyāṇyāṃ matau syāma"ityekavākyatayā sāmarthyamudbhāvayāñcakāra | eko'trārthapatirvaiśvānaraḥ, yataḥ kalyāṇī āśāsyate matiḥ, tamebhiḥ śabdairabhiṣṭhauti, santiṣṭhate stutiriti | ayamekavākyatānyāyaḥ prāyaśo mantreṣu, kvacit punaḥ pratyākhyātamarthamapekṣya ekasminnapi mantre vākyabhedo bhavatyeva | tadyathā,-“ṛcāṃ tvaḥ poṣa̍m (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 2, 24, 6) "-ityatra pratipādaṃ vākyasamāptiḥ | anekeṣāmapi ca mantrāṇāmākāṅkṣatārthināṃ parasparamekavākyatā bhavati, tadapi copapradarśayiṣyati (12 | 22-25)-"yenā̍ pāva̱ka cakṣa̍sā (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 4, 8, 1)”-ityatra |
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katham ? iti | ata āha-“pra nū mahitvam ( ṛ0 saṃ0 1,4,25, 6 )”-iti | nodhasa ārṣam | triṣṭup | vaiśvānaro'gnirdevatā || “pravocam” “prabravīmi” aham | “mahitvam” “māhābhāgyam” stutyā || kasya ? “vṛṣabhasya” “varṣiturapām” | “yam” anye'pi “pūravaḥ” “pūrayitavyāḥ manuṣyāḥ” kāmaiḥ, “vṛtrahaṇam” “meghahanam” “sacante” “sevante” “varṣakāmāḥ” stutibhiḥ | tanmāhābhāgyaṃ prabravīmi,yadasau varṣitā “vaiśvānaraḥ” “agniḥ” “dasyuṃ” dāsayitāramupakṣayitāraṃ rasānām, śuṣyanti hi tadanudgame śaśyāni, karmaṇāṃ vopadāsayitāramanāvṛṣṭidvāreṇa, taṃ dasyum, “śambaram” “megham” udakavantamūdakapūrṇam, “jaghanvān” hatavān,-bhṛśam, “avabhet” “avābhinat” vyadārayat,-vidārya ca “adhūnot” varṣabhāvenākampayat akṣārayat “kāṣṭhāḥ” apaḥ | yaḥ, tasyāhaṃ varṣaprāptyarthaṃ pravocaṃ māhābhāgyam, sa varṣasvabhāvakamityabhiprāyaḥ ||
evametasmin mantre vaiśvānarasya varṣakarmaṇaikavākyatāsambandhāt nānyo madhyamāt vaiśvāra ityācāryā manyante | sthitaṃ tāvadevam |
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"atha asau ādityaḥ, - iti pūrve 'jñikāḥ” | asāviti karmātmanainamupadiśan vīti, mā bhūt gauṇaḥ kaścit pratyaya iti | pūrve iti vidhimantrārthavādebhyo yajñasatattvajñīyainaṃ yajñaṃ prayogataḥ prathamaṃ ye cakruḥ, te “pūrve yājñikāḥ” sākṣātkṛtadharmāṇa ityarthaḥ | enamevamāhuḥ - 'athāsau ādityaḥ iti' || kayā punarupapattyā ta evamāhuḥ ? iti vedhyanukaraṇaprasiddhyā - ||
186.2
"tat ko vaiśvānaraḥ”-iti | ataḥprabhṛti vicāraḥ | taditi vākyopādāne | ko'yaṃ vaiśvānaraḥ ? iti || kutaḥ saṃśayaḥ ? āgamavipratipatteḥ, viśvānaravidyāyāṃ tāvat ‘ātmā’ ityātmavidaḥ, indrādityadyāvākāśāedakapṛthivyādayaśca pṛthak pṛthageva vaiśvānaratvena vijñāyante |
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katham ? iti | yataḥ tanmatamāha, - “eṣāṃ lokānāṃ roheṇa savanānāṃ roha āmnātaḥ” | ya eva hi lokānāmārohaṇānukramaḥ, pṛthivī-antarikṣam-dyauḥ iti, sa eva savanānāmapi kramaḥ,-prātaḥsavanam, mādhyandinam, tṛtīyasavanam-iti | tataḥ kim ? kasmiścit karmaṇi rohaprātilomyena "rohāt pratyavarohaḥ” “cikīrṣitaḥ” kartumabhīpsitaḥ, tadupavyācakṣmahe | sa eve hotā prātaḥsavanaṃ pṛthivīlokabhakti śaṃsati, saṃsrutatvāt, tato mādhyandinamantarikṣalokabhakti śaṃsati saṃsrutatvāt, tatastṛtīyasavana dyulokabhakti śaṃsita, saṃsrutatvāt | pratibhaktisaṃsrutavacca śaṃsan-sa pṛthivīlokāt antarikṣalokamārūḍho bhavati, antarikṣalokāt dyulokam, sa ca dyulokamārohan dyulokabhakti tṛtīyasavanaṃ śaṃsati, tadapi ca śaṃsan dyulokamārūḍho bhavati | saḥ agniṣṭomasāmini yajñāyajñiye yat śastram agnimārutaṃ [ tatra tāṃ ] tatsavanalokapratyavarohānukṛtiṃ cikīrṣucchastraṃ “vaiśvānarīyeṇa sūktena” “pratipadyate” prārabhate | tadyathā - “vaiśvānarāya pṛthupāja̍se ( ṛ0 saṃ0 3, 1, 3, sū0 )”
iti pratipad | “so'pi na stotriyam ādriyeta”, “yajñā yajñāvo agnaye” iti | ayaṃ tāvatstotriyatvena prathamamāpadyate | eṣa hi stotraśastrāṇāṃ dharma iti | kasmāt punaḥ stotriyaṃ nādriyeta ? “āgneyo hi bhavati” | pratyavarohe karttavye sa ca punarāgneyo'yaṃ stotriyaḥ, amiśra pṛthivīsthānaḥ, tadyadi tamādriyeta, na pratyavarohānukṛtiprārambhaḥ kṛtaḥ syāt | anyeṣu śastreṣu ca yuktaṃ yadūrdhvamārurukṣamāṇaḥ stotriyeṇa pratipadyate, iha punaravarurukṣamāṇo dyusthānādhidevatāḥ śaṃsamānaḥ krameṇa vaiśvānarīyeṇa sūktena pratipadyata iti, tena jñāyate ādityo vaiśvānara iti || api ca sutarāṃ pratyavarohānukuraṇametaditi gamyate, yena “tata āgacchati madhyasthānā devatāḥ–rudraṃ ca marutaśca” | tataḥ vaiśvānarīyāt sūktāt pratyavarohānukakaraṇābhiprāyeṇa śastāt pratyavaruhya madhyasthānā devanā āgacchati madhyasthāne'bhiśaṃsitum || katamāḥ ? rudraṃ ca marutaśca | tadyathā–“āte̍ pitarmarutāṃ su̱mname̍tu (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 4, 11, sū0)”–iti | tato'pi madhyasthānāt ‘ihasthānaṃ’ pṛthivīsthānaṃ pratyavaruhya atraiva taṃ stotriyaṃ śaṃsati–“ya̱jñāya̍jñā vo a̱gnaye̍ (ṛ0 saṃ0 6, 4, 5, sū0)”–iti | tadevametasmāt vidhyanukaraṇāt paśyāma ādityo vaiśvānara iti |
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186.3
api ca “madhyamaḥ” vaiśvānaraḥ “iti” nairuktāḥ kecit “ācāryāḥ” manyante |
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kasmāt ? “varṣakarmaṇā hyenaṃ stauti” mantradṛk | hiśabdo hetvarthaḥ, varṣakarmaṇainaṃ vaiśvānaraṃ yasmānmantradṛk stauti-||
“athāpi vaiśvānarīyo dvādaśakapālo bhavati” | devatāguṇasāmānyena hi adhiyajñeṣu guṇavidhayaḥ kalpyante, vaiśvānarīyaśca sarvatra dvādaśakapālaḥ | “etasya hi1” “dvādaśavidhaṃ” dvādaśamāsapravibhāgalakṣaṇaṃ “karma” | tanaitasmādapi devatāguṇakapālavidhyanukaraṇāt paśyāma ādityo vaiśvānara iti |
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186.4
“athāpi sphuṭameva brāhmaṇaṃ bhavati–asau vā ādityo'gnirvaiśvānaraḥ”–iti| tasmāt sūryo vaiśvānara iti |
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186.5
. ."athāpi nivit sauryavaiśvānarī bhavati" | nividityākṛtiviśiṣṭo mantraḥ, śastramadhyapātī | sa tathā bhavati yathā sūryo vaiśvānara iti na pārthivo na madhyama iti | katham ? iti|bhavīta hi tatraitat padam,-"ā yo dyāṃ bhātyā pṛthivīm" iti | na ca punarādityādanyo'vabhāsayate dyāvāpṛthivyau, yata ucyate,-"eṣa hi dyāvāpṛthivyām̐vābhāsayati" |
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186.6
"athāpi cchāndomikaṃ sūktaṃ sauryavaiśvānaraṃ bhavati" | katamat ? "divi pṛ̱ṣṭho a̍rocatā̱gnirve̍śvāna̱ro bṛhan | kṣmayā̍ vṛdhā̱na oja̍sā canohi̱to jyoti̍ṣā bādhate̱ tama̍ḥ || ( ya0 vā0 saṃ0 33, 92 | ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 7, 6, 20-5, 2, 7, 2 )" -iti | na ca punarādityādanyo divi pṛṣṭho rocate, yata ucyate,-eṣa hi "divi pṛṣṭho arocata" | divi pṛṣṭhaḥ dyuloke spṛṣṭaḥ avasthita ityarthaḥ, arocata rocate dīpyate | kau'sau ? iti | 'agnirvekhānaraḥ' 'bṛhan' mahān ityarthaḥ | sa rocamānaḥ kiṃ karoti ? 'jyotiṣā' svena 'bādhate' 'tamaḥ' nāśayita ityarthaḥ |
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186.7
"athāpi haviṣpāntīyaṃ sūktaṃ sauryavaiśvānaraṃ bhavati" | katham ? iti | bhavati hi tatra mantraḥ-sūryo vaiśvānara iti samarthaḥ | tadyathā,-"viśva̍smā a̱gniṃ bhuva̍nāya de̱vā vai̍śvāna̱raṃ ke̱tumahvā̍makṛṇvan ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 12, 2 )"-iti | vaiśvānaraṃ ketuṃ karttāramahnāmakṛṇvanniti | naiva tāvadādityādanyasyāhvāṃ karttṛtvamupapadyate pārthive madhyame vā, āditya eva hyudayāstamayābhyāmahāni karoti | tena vayametairhetubhiḥ paśyāmaḥsūryo vaiśvānara iti |
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186.8
"ayam eva agniḥ vaiśvānaraḥ, iti śākapūṇiḥ" | na madhyamo na sūryaḥ || kiṃ tarhi ? ayameva pārthivaḥ agniḥ | kena hetunā ? taddhitotpattisāmarthyāt || katham ? iti | "viśvānarāvete uttare jyotiṣī" | taduktam,-"api vā viśvānara eva kaścit syāt, tasyāpatyaṃ vaiśvānaraḥ” (7 |
21 | 1 ) iti | tadidamupapadyate“vaiśvānaraḥ ayam yat tābhyāṃ jāyate” | tasmāt taddhitena vyapadeśena pārthivo'gnirvaiśvānara iti |
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186.9
“kathaṃ nvayametābhyāṃ jāyate” | yata ucyate,-“yatra vaidyutaḥ” agniḥ, “śaraṇam abhihanti” | āśrayamātmano dāru, udakam, anyadvā “abhihanti” nihanti abhigacchati prāpnotītyarthaḥ || ki tatra tat [ pra ] dīpyataṃ | sa ca punaḥ “yāvadanupātto bhavati” || manuṣyairanupaspṛṣṭo bhavatyaparigṛhīto vā || kiṃ tāvat ? “madhyamadharmaiva tāvat bhavati” || kaḥ punarmadhyamasya dharmaḥ 1 yadasau “udakendhanaḥ śarīropaśamanaḥ” udakenendhet dīpyate rasasvabhāvakena śarīreṇa kāṣṭhenānyena vāpratihatamūrtisvabhāvakena pārthivadhātubahulenopaśāmyati, sa madhyamasya dharmaḥ | tadetat sthānajātyādikṛtaṃ svābhāvyamahetukaṃ jyotiṣo na bhavati prathamasya dharmaḥ || sa ca punaḥ “upādīyamānaḥ eva” “ayam” pārthivo'gniḥ “sampadyate” || katham ? upātto hi manuṣyaiḥ svajātidharmaṃ hitvā pārthivadharmaṃ pratipadyate || katham ? iti | “udakopaśamanaḥ śarīradīptiḥ” | viparyastadharmā madhyamena sampadyate | evantāvanmadhyamādaya viśvānarāt ma jāyate, tenāyaṃ tadapatyamiti bhavati hi taddhitārthopapattyā vaiśvānaraḥ |
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186.10
atha punarādityāt kathaṃ jāyate? āha-“athādityādudīciprathamasamāvṛtta āditye” ityevamādi | athaśabdaḥ ānantarye, prakṛtādarthāntaramadhikaroti | udīcīṃ diśaṃ prati prathamasama vṛtta ādityaḥ, tasmin udīci prathamasamāvṛtte udagamanādau ityarthaḥ || katham ? iti | “kaṃsaṃ vā maṇiṃ vā parimṛjya” yamādityamaṇimityācakṣate |
"pratisvaṃra" pratyupatāpe | "yatra śuṣkagomayama̱ asaṃsparśayan dhārayati, tat pradīpyete" "so'yameva sampadyate" yaḥ śuṣkagomaye'gnirjāyate, sa evamādityādapi kaṃṃsādvā maṇervā jāyate, asāvapi ca vaiśvānara ityucyate, tadapatyāpekṣayāpyasya vaiśvānaratvamupapadyate | athāpyāha, taddhitavigrahavyapadeśāt tāvadevamupapadyate-anya ādityāt tāvadvaiśvānaraḥ |
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186.11
"athāpi" ayamaparo vyapadeśa ekavākye vibhaktyantarakṛtaḥ sūryavaiśvānarayorbheda gamayati | tadyathā-"vaiśvāna̱ro ya̍tate̱ sūryyeṇa" iti, mantradṛk "āha" | prathamāntasya vaiśvānaraśabdasya tṛtīyāntena sūryaśabdena vibhaktibhedād viśeṣaṇaviśeṣyabhāvena sāmānādhikaraṇyaṃ nāsti | etadevānāmānādhikaraṇyamapekṣya janaikatva vaiśvānarasūryaśabdayorbravīti, "na ca punarātmanātmā saṃyatate" || ki rtārha ? "anyenaivānyaḥ" "saṃyatate" saṃgacchate, yathā devadatto yajñadattena || tat kathamayaṃ saṃyatate sūryeṇa ? iti | yata āha, "ita imamādadhāti" | ito lokādoṣadhībhyaḥ śarādibhyo vanaspatibhyāṃ vā madhitvā pratyakṣata eva imamādadhāti abhyādadhārtīndhanaiḥ | "amutaḥ" maṇḍalāt karmātmanaḥ "amuṣya" ca ādityamaṇḍalādhiṣṭhātuḥ svabhūtāḥ "raśmayaḥ" "prādurbhavanti" | "itaḥ" tejaḥpiṇḍād "asya" tadadhiṣṭhātuḥ "arciṣaḥ" prādurbhavantīti vartate | "tayo. bhāsoḥ saṃsargaṃ dṛṣṭvaivamavakṣyat" mantradṛk "vaiśvāna̱ro ya̍tate̱ sūryyeṇa"iti |
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186.12
“atha yānyetānyauttamikāni sūktāni” atha-iti adhikārāttare | yadi sūryo vaiśvānaro'bhaviṣyat, tato nanu “yānyetāni” “auttamikāni sūktāni” uttamasthānadevatāviśeṣastutyarthāni | tadyathā,-“bhāgāni vā sāvitrāṇi vā pauṣṇāni vā vaiṣṇavāni vā vaiśvadevyāni”| guṇapadatvamabhyupetya vaiśvānaraśabdasya bravīti | “teṣu” sūkteṣu “vaiśvānarīyāḥ pravādāḥ” bhagādīnāṃ viśeṣaṇatvena “abhāviṣyan” he bhaga vaiśvānara ! he savitaḥ vaiśvānara ! ityevamādayaḥ | “ādityakarmaṇā ca enamastoṣyan”| evaṃ vaiśvānarīyeṣu sūkteṣu vaiśvānaramastoṣyan mantradṛśaḥ || katham ? iti | “udeṣītyastameṣīti viparyeṣīti” | itikaraṇa evaṃśabdārthe, evamudeṣi tvaṃ vaiśvānara ! evamastameṣi-evaṃ viparyeṣi iti | na ca punaretadubhayamapyāsti || na hi vaiśvānarīyāḥ pravādā auttamikeṣu sūkteṣu santi, nāpyādityakarmaṇā vaiśvānaraṃ stuvanti mantradṛśaḥ | tasmānnaiṣa sūryo vaiśvānara iti |
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186.13
kiñca, ayaṃ cāparo viśeṣaheturagnirvaiśvānara iti- “āgneyeṣveva hi sūkteṣu vaiśvānarīyāḥ pravādāḥ bhavanti” agniviśeṣaṇatvena- | “vaiśvānaramūta ājātāmagnim (ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 5, 9, 1 )”-ityevamādayaḥ |
23 |
186.14
“agnikarmaṇā ca” “enaṃ” vaiśvānaraṃ prāyeṇa “stautīti” “vahasīti, pacasīti, dahasīti”| evaṃ vaiśvānara ! vahasi havīṃṣi, pacasi paktavyāni, dahasi dagdhavyāni | tasmādagnireva vaiśvānara iti sthitam |
23 |
tadete ṣaṭ hetavaḥ,-taddhitena vigrahavyapadeśāt [ 1 ], ekavākye vibhaktyantaravyapadeśāt [ 2 ], auttamikeṣu sūkteṣu apravādāt [ 3 ], ādityakarmaṇā ca asaṃstavāt [ 4 ], āgneyeṣu sūkteṣu pravādāt [ 5 ], agnikarmaṇā ca saṃstavāt [ 6 ] iti || tat punaretadagnervaiśvānaratvaṃ sthitamapyasthitamiva parapakṣahetuṣvanirākṛteṣu, ataḥ tannirākaraṇāya prastauti-“yatho etat”-iti | yat punaretaduktaṃ-varṣakarmaṇā yasmāt stauti, tasmānmadhyama iti-“asminnapi” pārthive'gnau “etadupapadyate” varṣakarma-|| “samunnama̍ya̱ntyuda̱kamudvi̱tya̱va cā̍ha̱bhiḥ || bhūmi̍ṃ pa̱rjanyā̱ jinva̍nti di̱vaṃ ji̍nvantya̱gnaya̍ḥ ||”
186.23
katham ? ityata āha–"samānametat ( ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 3, 23, 5 )"–iti "samānam" ekamevedam "udakam" udakatvenāviśiṣṭam, "uruccaityava cāhabhiḥ" | ut eti ca, ūrddhaṃ caiti, ahobhirnimittabhūtaiḥ punaścāhobhireva avāṅeti, dakṣiṇottarāyaṇayorvyāvṛttibhiḥ pratisaṃvatsaramahānyabhipretāni | tadetadekamevodakaṃ paryāyeṇottarāyaṇadakṣiṇāyanayoḥ jagadyātrāsiddhaye tadudeti cāvaiti ca varṣakarmabhāvena || katham ? ityatra āha– avāṅ tāvadeti, 'bhūmiṃ' 'parjanyāḥ' prārjayitāro rasānāṃ mādhyamikā devagaṇā varṣāmamuto muñcantaḥ "bhūmiṃ" "jinvanti" tarpayanti oṣadhyutpattaye | evaṃ tāvadavāṅeti | atha punarūrddhaṃ kathameti ? ityata āha,–"divaṃ jinvantyagnayaḥ" iti | yathaivāmuto varṣeṇamāṃ parjanyā jinvanti, tathaivāhutiprabhaveṇa varṣeṇa divaṃ jinvantyagnayaḥ, āhutayo hyagnau prakṣiptāḥ tena dagdhāstāḥ svāccirbhiḥ kṛtvodakabhāvamāpādya paramaṃ sūkṣmaṃ devopabhogayogyaṃ dyāṃ prati varṣabhāvenonnīyante tallokanivāsināṃ tṛptaye, tatasta iha punarviṣaṃ prakalpayanti| taduktam"amuṣya lokasya kā gatiriti, ayaṃ loka iti hovāca"–iti | eva ca sutarāmayamapi ca varṣavān, āhutimūlatvāt sarvasya varṣasya | smaryate ca– "agnau prāstāhutiḥ samyagādityamupatiṣṭhate" iti | tatra yadabhūd varṣakarmabhāvānmadhyama iti, tadetadvaiśeṣika madhyamasya vaiśvānaratvena lakṣaṇam |
15 || api cāyamaparo mantraḥ, yasminagnarādityo varṣakarmaṇā stūyate | tasmāt sutarāmanekānto varṣakarmābhiplavo madhyamasyetyata āha–"kṛṣṇaṃ niyānam" iti ||
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit