Yāska's Nirukta 188.1
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 188.1
- Language
- Sanskrit
188.1.1
“haviṣpāntam (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 10, 1,-10, 7, 4, 1)”-iti || sūktametat mūrddhanvata āṅgirasasyārṣam, vāmadevasya vā | vyūḍhasya daśarātrasya pañcame'hanyābhimārutasya pratipat || “haviḥ” katamat ? “yat” etat “pāntam” pānārhaṃ pānayogyaṃ ca devānāṃ ca puroḍāśādinirdagdhasthūlabhāvamagninā kriyate | “ajaram” jarāyipariṇāmaḥ, yataḥ paraṃ vipariṇāmo nāsti kaścit, tatpravivekamāpāditamagninā | yadetat “svarvidi” svaḥ ādityaḥ, taṃ vetti yathāsau veditavya iti, tadarthaṃ vā vetti haviḥ, sa svarvidayamagniḥ, na sūryyaḥ || bhāṣyakāro'pi vyapadeśena nirāha-“sūryyavidi” iti | “divispṛśi” dyāmaptau spṛśatyahanyahani havirupanayannādityam | “āhutam” “abhihutaṃ” visṛṣṭam | “juṣṭam” priyaṃ devānām | “tasya” haviṣaḥ “bharmaṇe” “bharaṇāya” sambharaṇāya bahulīkaraṇāya, api nāma ayamagnirityetad bahu kuryyādityevamartham | “bhāvanāya ca” vibhūtiyuktamupajāyetetyevamarthamapi etat kathaṃ nāma devatā tṛptisamarthaṃ kuryyāditi “dharmaṇe” “dhāraṇāya” avicchedanāya | kathaṃ nāmaitat devatābhyo nityaṃ prāpayediti | “etebhyaḥ” “karmabhyaḥ” arthāt “imam” eva “agniṃ” pṛthivīsthānaṃ sādhayate | “svadhayā” “annena” haviṣā, ājyena puroḍāśena ca | yaduktaṃ nigame-“ghṛtaṃ cāpāṃ puruṣaṃ cauṣadhīnām” iti | tadetat “apaprathanta” devāḥ avarddhayantetyarthaḥ || evametasmin sūkte prathame mantre yadetadagniliṅgamaspṛṣṭaṃ vaiśvānaraśabdena, tadasaṃśayamagnivāci |
188.1.2
tatpunaretatsūktaṃ 'haviṣpāntīyam' prāgevāgneyaṃ karoti, prāthamyāt, prathamaṃ loke yo hi śrūyate, sa svenābhidhānenāvyabhicāriṇopakramyate stotum, tato'nyairnāmaiḥ stūyate -tvaṃ rājā tvamindra ityevamādibhiḥ | tathaivaṃ kṛtvā asmin sūkte yo vaiśvānaraśabdaḥ uttaratra sa tasyaivāgneḥ pṛthivīsthānasya vyañjanamātraṃ bhavati | 7 | 25 | yathā cāyameva pṛthivīstho'gnirveśvānaraḥ, na madhyamaḥ, tathemamaparaṃ mantraṃ svapakṣoddhigāvadhidhayā anyasmāt sūktāt bhinnajyotirlakṣaṇamānīya madhyamottamayorjyotiṣoranyatvavyapadeśakto vaiśvānarasya nirṇinīṣan prakreti- “athāpyāha”-iti || apāmupastha upasthāne mahatyantarikṣaloka āsīnā mahānta iti vāgṛhṇata mādhyamikā devagaṇā viśa iva rājānamupatasthurṛgmiyamṛgmantamiti vārcanīyamiti vā pūjanīyamiti vāharadyaṃ dūto devānāṃ vivasvata ādityādvivasvānnivāsanavān preritavataḥ parāgatādvāpi bāsyāgnervaiśvānarasya mātariśvānamāharttāramāha ||
188.1.3
1. “mūrddhā bhuvo bhavati naktama0 ( ṛ0 saṃ0/8, 4, 11, 1 )”-iti || “mūrddhā” “mūrtamasmin” sarve sattvajātamupanibaddha “dhīyate” yathā hi śiraso viyoge tadgato'vaśyaṃ bhāvi maraṇam, evamagniviyoge'pyavaśyaṃ mriyante bhūtāni ityataḥ pradhānam ‘agniḥ’ ‘mūrddhā’ “bhuvaḥ” bhūlokasya bhavati | viśeṣatastu “naktam” rātrau tatkṛtatvādālokasya, bhūtānāṃ cātrapaktestatkṛtatvāt | tat kimayamanyo'gniranyaḥ sūrya iti ? na ityucyate“tataḥ sūryo jāyate prātarudyan” rātrāvagnitvena lokasyopakāraṃ kṛtvā tataḥ anantarameva prabhātayāṃ rātryāmāhnikairupakārairupakariṣyan lokasya sūryaḥ bhūtvā jāyate, prātarudyan “sa eva” ayamagniḥ | tasya iyaṃ “māyā” || ka enāṃ jānāti ? māyāṃ “tvetāṃ” “yajñiyānāṃ” “devānām, yajñasampādinām” satattvavido manyante || tat kim ? iti | “apa ” “yat” “karma” svādhikāraprayuktam, ātmādhikāraprayuktam, ādityātmanā agnyātmanā ca karttavyam “prajānan” prakarṣeṇa jānan “sarvāṇi sthānāni anusañcarate” “tūrṇiḥ” “tvaramāṇaḥ” karmakālamaparihāpayannityabhiprāyaḥ | 7 | 27 | “tasyottarā bhūyase nirvacanāya” | yathā caitadeva tathaiyamaparā ṛk bhūyastarametamevārthaṃ vakti ||-[ kiṃ pūrvayā nokta yadanayā bhūyastara nirvvacyate ? iti | sthānadvayamabhisampannaḥ pūrvayā stutaḥ,-mūrddhā bhuvo bhavatyagnirnakta tataḥ sūryyātmanā prātarabhyudeti, atha punaruttarayā sthānatrayamabhisampannaḥ sphuṭataraṃ stūyate, -ityetada bhūyastvam || ] “stomena hi divi ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 11, 5 )”-iti | “stomena” stutibhiḥ, “śaktibhiḥ” “karmabhiḥ” agnihotrādibhiḥ|“divi” dyuloke | etam “agnim”
188.1.4
ādityātmanā | 'rodasī' “dyāvāpṛthivyoḥ” “prāṃ” “pūraṇaṃ” “devāṃsaḥ” “devāḥ”, “ajījanan” ajanayan yajamānāḥ | te hi haviṣāṃ dātāraḥ śaśvat śraddhayā | “eṣa nodiyād yadyetāmaprāvāhutiṃ na juhuyāditi āhutibhirevainaṃ janayanti”-iti | “tam akṛṇvan” tamevāgniṃ kṛtavantaḥ | “tredhā bhuve kam” kamityanarthako nipātaḥ | “tredhābhāvāya” “pṛthivyām, antarikṣe divi” ca | “saḥ” evamavasthito jagadyātrāsiddhaye sarvāvasthaḥ “oṣadhīḥ pacati” “viśvarūpāḥ” sarvarūpā iti || prakṛtasyaiva śākapūṇeḥ punargṛhaṇaṃ svapakṣānusmṛtaye | saṅkaro hyasmin sūkte ātmavidaivatayājñikānāmiti | 7 | 28 | '"yadainamadadhuryajñiyāsaḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 12, 1)"-iti | "yadainam" "sūryam" "ādityam" "aditeḥ putram" 'divi adadhuḥ' dyuloke sthāpitavantaḥ, "devāḥ" "yajñiyāsaḥ" yajñasampāditaḥ, yajamānāḥ yajñena karmaṇā sarvasyāsyāpūrvakṛtatvājjagadviracanāprapañcasya | raśmayo vā devāḥ sauryāḥ yadainamunnītavantaḥ | "yadā" caitau "cariṣṇū" "sarvadā sahacaraṇaśīlau" "mithunau" "prāduḥ" 'abhūtām' "uṣāścādityaśca" | "āt" atha tadā "prāpaśyan" prakarṣeṇāpaśyan "bhuvanāni" bhūtāni, "viśvā" viśvāni sarvāṇi ||
188.1.5
"mithunau kasmāt ?" "minotiḥ" tāvadatra "śrayatikarmā" mithunaśabde pūrvapadaṃ 'mi'-iti | 'thu'-iti nāmakaraṇaḥ pratyayaḥ, "thakāro vā" nāmakaraṇo vikalpena | "nayatiḥ paraḥ" uttarapadaṃ, "vanirvā" vikalpena | yadā tāvat 'thu'-iti nāmakaraṇo nayatiśca paraḥ, tadā dhātoḥ pūrvatvāt pratyayasya ca paratvāt 'mi-na-thuḥ'--iti prāpte rūḍherbalīyastvāt madhyāntaviparyayeṇa mithunāvityuktam | atha punaryadā thakāro nāmakaraṇaḥ, tadā vaniruttaraḥ, tadā vakārasya samprasāraṇam, samprasāraṇaparapūrvatvaṃ madhyāntaviparyayaḥ | thakāraṃ ca yaḥ svaraḥ, tasya lopaḥ, thakāraśca ukāramupasaṃkrāmet | evaṃ mithunāviti sidhyati || atha ko'rthaḥ ? "samāśritau" "anyonyaṃ" prati ātmānaṃ "nayataḥ" kālaṃ vā samāśritau bhavataḥ parasparaṃ sambhaktau | "manuṣyamithunau api etasmāt eva" | athavā methatermanuṣyamithunau syātām, tau hi karmārtha "methantau" iva paraspareṇa kālaṃ nayataḥ | 7 | 29 | "atha" punaḥ "enam" ādityam "etayā" uttarayarcā etasminneva sūkte "agnīkṛtya" hotṛtvena "stauti" hotṛtvaṃ hyagneḥ karma, na sūryasya | tasmādidamagnivaiśvānarīyaṃ sūktam ||
188.1.6
“yatrā vadet0-(ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 13, 2)” || “yatra” yasmin karmaṇi “vi vadete” verupasargasyāpakṛṣya yatra kriyāpadena sāmarthyaṃ tatrānayanam | kau punastau vivadete ? “avaraḥ paraśca” “daivyau hotārau”-“ayaṃ ca agniḥ” pārthivaḥ “asau ca madhyamaḥ” vāyuḥ || kathaṃ vivadete ? “yajñanyoḥ” yajñanetryoḥ | ubhāvapyāvāṃ yajñasya netārau, tat kataraḥ “nau” āvayoḥ “yajñe” “bhūyaḥ” bahu “veda” iti | tatra ya ete “sakhāyaḥ” “samānakhyānā ṛtvijaḥ” yajñe niyuktāḥ “nakṣanta” samaśnuvate “yajñam” ta evaṃ “sadhamādam” sahamādam “sahamadanam” saharṣam uccaiḥśrutya anayoḥ “āśekuḥ” “āśaknuvanti” || athāśaknuvantaśca kiṃ brūyuḥ ? “ka idaṃ vivocan” ‘ko na idaṃ vivakṣyatīti” katara etayoryajñe bhūyo veda ? iti, ubhāvapyetau yajñe bhūyovidāvityabhiprāyaḥ | 7 | 30 | yathāgnipradhānametat sūktaṃ hotṛkarmaṇā'gnigambaddhatvāt viśeṣālliṅgena, na sūryapradhānam, “tasyottarā” tathā iyamaparā ṛk “bhūyase nirvacanāya” bahutarāya nirūpya vacanāya || pūrvaisyoḥ ko viśeṣaḥ ? asyāṃ hi, vibhajya vāyoḥ kevalò'gniraṃva stūyate, pūrvasyāṃ mubhāvapi bhūyovidāvṛtyuktam ||
188.1.7
“yāvanmātramuṣaso na pratīkam (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 13, 4.)”-iti | atra na-kāraḥ sampratyartha eva, upamānāsambhavāt | loke'pi ca-asti upamānasya sampratyarthe prayogaḥ-‘iheva nidhehīti yathā' iha samprati nidhehītyarthaḥ | mātariśvanā kaścit pṛṣṭaḥ-daivyasya hotuḥ agneḥ yad vijñānaṃ tat kimayaṃ brāhmaṇo manuṣyahotā yajñamupāyan bibhartti ?-iti || sa taṃ prattyāha-he “mātariśvaḥ !” “yāvanmātram” “uṣasaḥ” “pratīkaṃ” “pratyaktam” pratyañcitaṃ pratigataṃ prakāśasya, “etāḥ” “suparṇyaḥ” “supatanāḥ” “rātrayaḥ” ātmani anupraviṣṭaṃ “vasate” chādayanti, abhibhūya tamo varttante svayameva | athavā vasatirdarśanārthaḥ | yāvanmātramuṣaso rātriṣu dṛśyante, “tāvat” ityevamapi svalpameva | etāvanmātramayaṃ svalpavijñāna upāyan “yajñaṃ” “brāhmaṇaḥ” hotṛtve vṛto hotṛpadane “niṣīdan” “dadhāti” dhārayati | daivyasyāgneḥ parasya bhūyovidaḥ, avaraḥ anyo'lpaviditi anukarotyalpamiti, mānuṣo hi agnyanugrahādena ayamalpavijñāno'pi hotā hotraṃ karoti iti pārthivo'gniviśeṣato'bhiṣṭhūyate || tadetadevaṃ kṛtvā sūktamagnipradhānakarmatvāt vaiśvānarīyam | ye'tra vaiśvānaraśabdāḥ, te pārthivāgniṃ bhajante viśeṣaṇatvena | 7 | 31 |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit