Yāska's Nirukta 7.1
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 7.1
- Language
- Sanskrit
7.1.1
“ṛcāṃ tvaḥ (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 2, 24, 5)”—iti | bṛhaspaterārṣam || ṛtvikkarmaṇāṃ viniyogamanayarcā''caṣṭe-“ṛcāṃ tvaḥ poṣam” iti | ya ete catvāro mahartvijaḥ, eteṣāṃ ‘tvaḥ’ eka ityarthaḥ | kimekaḥ karoti ? ‘ṛcāṃ’ ‘poṣaṃḥ’ puṣṭiṃ ‘pupuṣvān’ punaḥ punaḥ bhṛśaṃ vā devatāyāthātmyānucintanasantānagarbhasthānakaraṇānupradānavatīryathākālamṛco'dhīyānaḥ ‘āste’—sa hi tāsāṃ poṣaḥ | katamaḥ ?, ‘ekaḥ’ etatkarma kurvannāste iti,— ‘hotā’ etattāvadṛgadhyayanakarma tasmin hotari viniyuktam, uktaṃ ca—“yadṛcaiva hautraṃ kriyate”—iti ( ai0 brā0 5, 5, 8) | ‘gāyatraṃ tvaḥ’ 1 gāyatrameko. ‘gāyati’ ‘śakvarīṣu’ ṛkṣu | katamaḥ ?, ‘udgātā’ tasminnapyetatsāmagānakarma viniyuktam, uktaṃ ca- "sāmnodrotham"-iti (ai0 brā0 5, 5, 8) "brahmā tvaḥ" brahmā nāma eka ṛtvik 'jāte' prāyaścitte 'vidyāṃ vadati' | vidyātrayahetutvādātmano vidyāṃ vijñānaṃ vadatītarebhya ṛtvigbhyaḥ-idamatra kuruteti | tatrāpi hyetat karma viniyuktam | sa punareṣa sarvavidyaḥ sarvavijñānamanthāvidhau hyasāvadhikārī trayīvidyāsaṃyukto yenāsau sarvameva veditumarhati | na hyasarvavit tamadhikāraṃ śaknuyānnirvarttayitum | uktaṃ ca- "atha kena brahmatvaṃ kriyata iti? trayyāvidyayā"-iti ( ai0 brā0 5, 5, 8)|| "yajñasya mātrāṃ vimitīta u tvaḥ |" vimimīta eka iti | mīyata iti mānaṃ karma, tanmātretyucyate | yā kāciditikarttavyatā yajñasya, tāṃ vimimīte'dhvaryuḥ, nānāprakāraṃ karotītyarthaḥ ||
7.1.2
athaikapadaniruktam-| "gāyanaṃ gāyateḥ" stutyarthasya,-stūyate hyanena | "śakvarya ṛcaḥ śaknoteḥ"-ityuktvā brāhmaṇenāpi śaknoteḥ śakvarīśabde vṛttiṃ darśayati,-"tadyathābhirvṛtramaśakaddhantum" "tat" evai "śakkarīṇāṃ śakkarītvam" | tat yadyasmādābhirabhipluta indro vṛtramaśakaddhantuṃ tacchakkarītvam |-"iti vijñāyate" | ṛcāṃ śakvarītvamityevaṃ brāhmaṇe'pi 'śaknotereva śakvaryaḥ' iti vijñāyate | liṅgato'pi hi darśitaṃ bhavati,-ākhyātajāni nāmānīti || "brahmā parivṛḍhaḥ śrutaḥ" sa hi trayīṃ vidyāṃ veda | śabdasārūpyaprasaktamucyate"brahma parivṛḍhaṃ sarvataḥ" ṛgādiparaṃ cobhayamapi tat parivṛḍhaṃ sarvāsu dikṣu | "adhvaryuḥ adhvarayuḥ" evamapi vigṛhyata iti | punarapyāha- "adhvaraṃ yunaktyadhvarasya netā" prāpayitetyarthaḥ,-sa hyantaṃ prāpayatyadhvaramevai | athavā "adhvaraṃ kāmayate" kartum"-iti" adhvaryuḥ | etasminnirvacane yuḥ, 'vasūyavaḥ' iti yathā | athavā "adhīyāne" tamadhvaraṃ kasmiṃścid brāhmaṇe adhvara itīyameva sañjñā bhavati, mañcākrośanāvat | etasmiṃśca nirvacane "yuḥ" ayam "upabandhaḥ" nāmaikaraṇaḥ | adhvaramadhīte yaḥ so'dhvaryuḥ || viprahaprasaktasyādhvaraśabdasya tattvamācaṣṭe,-"adhvaraḥ-iti yajñanāma" || 'adhvaraḥ' ityadhunā nirvaktavyaḥ,-"dhvaratirhiṃsākarmā" | dhvarati dhūrvatīti hiṃsāthaim̐ṣu paṭhitau "tatpratiṣedhaḥ" adhvaraḥ ahiṃsra ityarthaḥ ||
7.1.3
āha-nanvatra hanyante paśavaḥ, chidyante tṛṇavanaspatayaḥ, tat kathamahiṃsraḥ ? ucyateabhyudaya eva hi saḥ | evaṃ hi śrūyate- "na vā u etasmin mriyase ( ya0 vā0 saṃ0 23. 16 )"-iti | tathā ca-"kuśalamicchanti tṛṇāni rājan"-iti | tasmādabhyudayayogādahiṃsra ityupapadyate | 8 | “akṣaṇvantaḥ karṇavantaḥ (ṛ0saṃ08, 2, 34, 2)”---ityetasyāmṛci | bṛhaspaterārṣaṃ vidyāsūktaṃ nāma tatreyamṛk || ‘akṣaṇvantaḥ’ akṣisaṃyuktāḥ | ‘karṇavantaḥ’ karṇasaṃyuktāḥ | evamapi samānendriyāḥ samānapṛṣṭhodarapāṇipādāḥ santaḥ | api ca, ‘sakhāyaḥ’ samānakhyānāḥ sarve manuṣyākhyāḥ | athavā samāneṣu śāstreṣu kṛtaśramāḥ | vaiyākaraṇā vaiyākaraṇānāmeva samānakhyānāḥ, nairuktā eva nairuktānām | ‘manojaveṣu’ manogamyeṣvartheṣu ‘asramā babhūvuḥ’ kecidūhavāpohai nadhāraṇavaktṛtvasamarthāḥ, kecidamedhasaḥ .| kathamasāmānyamiti ? yato dṛṣṭāntena pratipādayati— “ādaghnāsa upakakṣāsa u tve hṛdā iva” | ādaghnā eva ādaghnāsaḥ | āsyadaghnahṛdaparimāṇāḥ, kecit prajñayā | upakakṣāsaḥ kakṣasannikṛṣṭadeśatulyodakā iva hṛdāḥ | eke prajñayā hṛdāḥ ‘snātvā’ snānāḥ | akṣobhyā aparimeyaprajñānāḥ | ‘dadṛśre’ dadṛśire-dṛśyanta iti samastārthaḥ | athaikapadaniruktam | “akṣi, caṣṭeḥ” paśyatyarthasya, —dṛśyate 'neneti | “anakteḥ” vyaktyarthasya- “ityāgrāyaṇaḥ” manyate | brāhmaṇamapi caitasminnirvacane bhavati—“tasmā
7.1.4
dete vyaktatare iva bhavataḥ"- iti ha vijñāyate || yasmādidaṃ nāmeti kimiti prakṛtamapekṣya | athavā yasmādete tejo'vayavabhūyiṣṭhe, tasmātkāraṇādityevaṃ yacchabdamanvākṛṣya vidyamānamavidyamānaṃ cotpādya tasmācchabdasya sāmarthyamutpādyate | tathā hi sa nirākāṅkṣo bhavati | sarvatra ca sākāṅkṣeṣu śabdeṣvevaṃ vyākhyānadharmā draṣṭavyāḥ| ete akṣiṇī itarebhyo'ṅgebhyo vyaktatare spaṣṭatare prakāśatare bhavataḥ, -- andhakāre'pi hyete prakāśete naktañcarādīnāṃ na tathetarāṇyaṅgāni | evaṃ brāhmaṇe'pi-anakteraṃvākṣiṇī-'iti ha vijñāyate' "karṇaḥ kṛntaternikṛttadvāro bhavati ṛcchaterityāgrāyaṇaḥ" manyate | brāhmaṇamapi caitasminnirvacane bhavati- "ṛcchantīva khe udagantāmiti haṃ vijñāyate"--iti | ṛcchantīvaite karṇā khe'bhivyaktāḥ santaḥ śabdā etāvapi ca udagantāṃ pratyudagacchata iva śabdagrahaṇāya |• vicārryamāṇe jñāyate---- khe karṇāviti | "āpyamasyateḥ" kṣepārthasya- kṣipyate hyetadābhimukhyenānnam | syandatervā syādāṅpūrvasyaiva sravaṇārthasya, śuṣke'pi hyetadanne āgate sravatyeva śleṣmāṇaṃ, yena tadārdrīkṛtaṃ grasituṃ śakyate || "dunaṃ dūyateḥ" sravatyarthasya | suntaragamiva tadbhavati pūrvatarāt parimāṇāt | "drūyatervā syāt" kṣayārthasyaṃ| "vidugmataraṃ" suprakṣīṇataraṃ, tad "bhavati" unnagmanāt parimāṇāt | "prasteyāḥ" prakarṣeṇa snātuṃ yeṣu yogyam, agādhatvāt, te prasteyāḥ snānāhrārha ityarthaḥ | "hrado hlādateḥ" śabdārthasya, śabdaṃ hyasāvārdāmahanyamānaḥ karoti | "hlādatervā syāt" śītībhāvārthasya,-grīṣme'pi hyasau śītala eva bhavati | 9 |
7.1.5
"athāpi" ayamaparo nipātaḥ "samuccayārthe bhavati" || katamaḥ ?--tvat iti||kimudāharaṇam?- adhunā evametānudāhṛtān kamīmidūnū samāsataḥ pratyekamudāharaṇairdeśayati,-“śiśiraṃ jīvanāya kam”-ityatra kamityeṣa padapūraṇaḥ| “śiśiraṃ jīvanāya” jīvanārthamityarthaḥ | tatra hi prāyeṇa pracurāṇi śaraddhānyāni bhavanti | kamiti padapūraṇa eva ||( 'mu̍ñcāmi̍ tvā ha̱viṣā̱ jīva̍nāya̱ kam”-iti ( ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 8, 19, 1 ) | atra sāyaṇaḥkimartham ?, “jīvanāya kam” jīvanārtham | iha loke cirakālāvasthānārthamityarthaḥ | 'kam' iti pūrakaḥ-iti ||) śākhāntareṣu śeṣo draṣṭavyaḥ || kecidevaṃ kṛtaśeṣamatrādhīyate- niṣṭṛkkā eva'niṣṭrkvāsaḥ' nirvasanā ityarthaḥ|'api ca bhūritokāḥ' bahvapatyā ityarthaḥ | ke punaste ?, daridrāḥ, 'kecinnaro' manuṣyā ityarthaḥ | kiṃ teṣāmiti ?, 'vṛkādiva bibhyasyantaḥ' punaḥpunarbhṛśaṃ vā bibhyato vṛkādiva himāt 'vavāśire' punaḥpunarbhṛśaṃ vā vāśyante | kimiti vavāśire ?, 'śiśiram' asmākaṃ jīvanāya jīvanārthamāgacchati ityevaṃ hemante vavāśire | alpataraśītaṃ hi śiśiraṃ, sukhaṃ tatra jīviṣyāma ityabhiprāyaḥ || nigamaprasaktasya śiśiraśabdasya nirvacanam–“śiśiraṃ śṛṇāteḥ ” hiṃsā'rthasya “śamnātervā” hiṃsā'rthasyaiva, nārthakṛto viśeṣaḥ | hinā̍sti tasmin kāle apratibadhyamāno'tiśayena dāvāniḥ śuṣkānoṣadhivanaspatīn | 10 |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit