The Beginnings of Buddhist Art and Other Essays in Indian and Central-Asian Archaeology c13: Index

The Beginnings of Buddhist Art and Other Essays in Indian and Central-Asian Archaeology c13

Language: English

Index

c13.1

(Arabic numerals refer to pages, Roman to the descriptions accompanying the numbered plates).

Abandonment of Home, Great. See Mahd-bhinishkramaṇa. Abhayamudrā. See Mudrā. Acacia sirisa. See Çirisha. AÇOKA, Bodhi-tree provided with railing by, 17, 102. — — visited by, 23, 108. — Buddha relics redistributed by, 78. — Gandhāra a frontier country under, 121. — Rāmagrāma visited by, 23. — romance of, at Vidiçā 79. — Sānchī connected with, 78. Açokavaddna, passage in the, figured 79 (Sānchī). AÇVAGHOSHA. See Buddhacarita. — See Sūtrālaṃkāra. Açvattha figured on the gate of Sānchī 94, 102, 104, 107. — See also Bodhi-tree. AGATHOKLES, coin of, described 126. AGNES, type of, in Jātaka 49. Ajaṇṭā caves, date of frescoes of, 190. — — Great Miracle figured in the, 160 and n. 2, 162-5, XXI. — — Hāritī figured in the, XLIX. — — paintings (archaic) of the, 4. — — Shaḍdanta-jātaka figured in the, 40, 188, 195-9, XXIX. AJĀTAÇATRU, visit of, to Buddha figured 19, 179, n. 2 (Barhut). Akanishṭha heaven, the highest of the Rūpadhātu, 159, n. 1. AKSHOBHYA figured 267 (Batavia Museum). — — 256-7 (Boro-Budur). ALEXANDER, Indian campaign of, 126. Alms-vase figured XXVII (Gandhāra).

c13.3

AMARĀ, story of, figured 50 (Barhut). Amarāvatī sculptures, elegant style of, 11. — Stūpa, Boro-Budur modelled upon the, 209-10. — — Buddha figures from the, date of, 116. — — Buddha's visit to Bimbisāra figured on the, 102. — — date of bas-reliefs on the, 190. — — four Great Miracles figured on the, 73, 148, II-IV. — — railing of (fragmentary), 4. — — Shaḍdanta-jātaka figured on the, 39, 188, 195-6, XXIX. Amba. See Mango. Ambrosia, Vase of, figured 91 (Sānchī). AMITĀBHA figured 256-7 (Boro-Budur). — figured on head of Avalokiteçvara 264 (Chandi Mendut). AMOGHASIDDHI figured 256-7 (Boro Budur). ĀNANDA incarnated in King of Benares 43; XIX (Sānchī). Anchorite. See Hermit. Aṇḍa, part of Stūpa, 33. Animals, Buddha in company of, figured 107 (Sānchī). — Buddha's birth in form of, 35. — throne formed of superposed, XXI (Ajaṇṭā). — See also Antelope, Buffalo, Bull, Camel, Crocodile, Deer, Dog, Elephant, Haṃsa, Horse, Lion, Monkey, Quail, Parrot, Peacock, Stag, Swan, Tortoise, Unicorn, Woodpecker.

c13.4

Ankle-rings worn by female figure 89 (Sânchî). Ankuça. See Elephant, goad for. Annam, Hâritî figure in, 287-8. Antagiri, Bimbisâra's visit to Buddha at, figured 101 (Sânchî). Antelope, Buddha's birth as. See Kuruṅga-jâtaka. — figured 97, 107 (Sânchî). — — XXIX (Amarâvatî). — Woodpecker and Tortoise, story of the, 40. Antelope-horn. See Ṛishyaçṛiṅga. — See also Deer. ANTIALKIDAS mentioned on column at Vidiçâ 82. Antiquities, Indian, materials for Dictionary of, 80. ÂRÂḌA figured XXXVII (Boro-Budur). Ârdmadûsaka-jâtaka narrated 44. — figured VI (Barhut). Archer, Buddha's birth as. See Asadisa-jâtaka. — figured on the gate of Sânchî 93. ARISTOTLE, Lay of, cited 48. Armourer, workshop of, figured 52 (Barhut). Arms, dislocated, of Javanese women figured 245-6 (Boro-Budur). Arrow, making of, described 52. Art, Buddhist, abstract character of, 14. — — ceremonial occasions of, 10. — — conflicting tendencies in ancient school of, 18. — — developement of ancient school of, 17, 25-6. — — Gandharian. See Gandhâra. — — origin of. See Essay I. — — routine procedure of ancient, 17. Asadisa-jâtaka narrated 56. Ascetic, Buddha's birth as. See Ârâmadûsaka-jâtaka, Bhisa-jâtaka, Cammasâṭaka-jâtaka Dabbhapuppha-jâtaka, Dûbhiyamakkaṭa-jâtaka. — See Ârâḍa, Brahman, Hermit. ASITA Buddha's presentation to, figured 5 (Amarâvatî). Atlantes figured XXV (Gandhâra). Aureoles figured XXI (Ta-t'ong-fu), XXV (Gandhâra), XXVIII (Gandhâra). See also Halo and Nimbus. Avadâna-çataka, Maitrakanyakâvadâna according to the, 244, n. 2. AVALOKITEÇVARA figured 255, XXII (Boro-Budur), XXIII (Kuḍâ). — pensive pose of, XXV (Gandhâra). — statuette in Batavia Museum 267. — wanting in Gandhâra sculptures, also in Divyâvadâna and Mahâvastu, 177-8. Axe, hermit's, figured 98. Âyuh-saṃskâra-utsarjana localized at Vaiçâlî 149 n.

c13.5

Balconies figured 93 (Sânchî). — — XXV (Gandhâra). Balustrade. See Railing. Band round knees and loins. See Paryaṅka-bandha. Banner figured XXXV (Boro-Budur). Barhut railing, remains of, in Calcutta Museum 57. — stûpa, Bodhi figured on the, 102. — — Buddha represented only by symbols on the, 75. — — Buddha's Conception figured on the, 92. — — Buddha's figure wanting on the, 117. — — Buddhas, seven traditional, figured on the, 72. — — Buddhist Heaven figured on the, 72. — — date of, 34, 190. — — Elâpatra's visit to Buddha figured on the, 19. — — Great Miracle figured on the, 178-180, XXVIII. — — jâtakas figured on the. See Essay II, V, VI. — — Shaḍḍanta-jâtaka figured on the, 39, 184, 194-6, XXIX. — — Viçvantara-jâtaka figured on the, 57. — — Kinnaras figured on the, 242. — — monks not figured on the, 76. — — scenes identified by inscriptions on the, 68.

c13.6

Barhut stūpa, sculptures of, followed a living tradition 58. Bark-garments, Brahmanical, figured on the gate of Sânchî 97. BARTH, A., scene at Boro-Budur identified by, 269 n. Barygaza. See Bhiruka. Baskets figured at Barhut, 50. Bas-reliefs, composition of, at Sânchî, compared with that of altar scenes of Middle Ages, 83. — passim. Batavia Museum, sculptures in the, 266-9. BEAL, Rev. S., conversion of Kâçyapas identified by, 76 (Sânchî). — view of, concerning miraculous trees, 72. Beasts. See Animals. Bells figured XLIV (Chandi Mendut). Belt of jewelry, worn by female, figured 89 (Sânchî) Benares, Great Miracle figured at, 181-2. — king of, see Ruru-jâtaka. — sculptures from, IV. — signacula from, 12. — See also Mrigadâva, Sârnâth. Besnagar, Açoka's romance at, 79. Besom. See Rajoharana. Bestiaria, Unicorn story in, 48. Bhadra-ghaṭa. See Vase, Lottery. Bhallâṭiya-jâtaka. See Kinnara-jâtaka. Bharhut. See Barhut. Bharukaccha. See Bhiruka. Bhilsa, Sânchî stûpa near, 63. BHIRU, Minister of Rudrâyaṇa, figured 238 (Boro-Budur). Bhiruka, foundation of, 240. Bhisa-jâtaka narrated 45-6. Bhôpal, Begum of, offers gate of Sânchî stûpa to France 62. BHRIKUṬI-TÂRÂ, image of, in Batavia Museum 267. Bignonia flower figured 86 (Sânchî). — Suaveolens See Pâṭalî. BIMBISÂRA, visit of, to Buddha, figured 77, 101 (Sânchî). — visit of Buddha to, figured 102 (Amarâvatî).

c13.7

BIMBISÂRA mentioned in story of Rudrâyaṇa 232 sqq. Birds figured 100, 107 (Sânchî). — XXV, on roof, (Gandhâra). — XXXIV (Boro-Budur). — XLIV (Chandi Mendut). BLOCH, Dr Th., view of, concerning figure of bull in Lahore Museum 21 n. 2. BOCCACCIO, Rishyaçṛinga-jâtaka transposed by, 48. Bodh-Gayâ, signacula from, 12. — See also Mahâbodhi. Bodhi, emblem of the, employed for miracles of the second rank 19. — figured 16, 77, 103, 108 (Sânchî), IV (Gandhâra and Amarâvatî), XIX (Sârnâth). — represented by throne under tree 148, n. 2. — temple, miracles related by Hiuan-tsang concerning the, 24, n. 1. — tree at Bodh-Gayâ 13. — — Açoka's visit to the, 23, 108. — — Buddha figured under the, 26 (Gandhâra). — — Buddha symbolized by, 19-20. — — Buddhas, seven last, each symbolized by his special, 72, 104 (Sânchî). — — figured 72, 102 (Barhut and Sânchî), 89, 90, 102 (Sânchî), 178 (Barhut), I (on coins), II (Sânchî and Amarâvatî). — — railing built by Açoka round, 17. — — Tishyarakshitâ's attempt upon the, 108. Bodhisattva figured (?) 162, n. 2 (Ajaṇṭâ), 255 (Boro-Budur), 263-4 (Chandi Mendut), XV and XVI (Gandhâra), XXII (Boro-Budur), XXIII (Kuḍâ), XXVII and XXVIII (Gandhâra), XXXV (Boro-Budur). — See also Siddhârtha, Avalokiteçvara, Maitreya, Mañjuçrî. Bodhisattvavaddnakalpalatâ, Boro-Budur sculptures in conformity with the, 225 6.

c13.8

*Bodhisattvâvadânakalpalatâ*, Maitrakanyaka story according to the, 244 n. 2. — Mândhâtravadâna according to the, 225 n. 1. Book, emblem of Brahmâ 175; of Mañjuçrî 255 (Boro-Budur). — figured xxvii, xxviii (Gandhâra), l (China). Boro-Budur, artistic defects of, 207-8. — conservation work at, 206 n. — designed as stûpa modelled upon Amarâvatî Stûpa 209-10. — Guide to, by J. Groneman, 215. — Great Miracle figured at, xxii. — jâtakas at, Essay VIII. — original plan of, 208 n. 1, 213. — sculptures, artistic merits of, 212-3. — Bodhisattvâvadânakalpalatâ followed by the, 225-6. — characteristics (crowded scenes, avoidance of scenes of violence, failure in individuality, bookish character) of 250-4. — edifying scenes emphasized on, 227. — insipid scenes figured in, 248-9. — Pradakshiṇâ arrangement of, 214-5. — to be photographed 248. — situation, form and dimensions of, 205, 206-7. — view of, xxxi, xxxii, xxxiii. Bowls of viands figured 233 (Boro-Budur). Boy, golden, figured l (China). Boys playing a game figured on a painting from Central Asia 273-4. Bracelets worn by female figure 89 (Sânchî). BRAHMÂ figured 96 (Sânchî), 162 and n. 2. (Ajaṇṭâ), xv (Kanishka casket), xix (Sârnâth), xxiv (Gandhâra). — heaven of, figured 71, 92, 103 (Sânchî). BRAHMAMITRA mentioned in inscription 4 (Bodh-Gayâ). Brahman ascetic, See Cammasâṭaka-jâtaka, 44. Brahman, bark garments of, figured 97 (Sânchî). — figured 97 (Sânchî), 218 (Boro-Budur), xxv (Loriyân-Tangai), xxxiv, xxxvii, xl (Boro-Budur). — headdress of. See Chignon. — hermitage figured xxxvii (Boro-Budur). — inferior to Kshatriya according to the Buddhists, 54. — music of, the, 48. — See also Arâḍa, Asita. *Briṣṭi*. See Mat. British Museum, signacula in the, 11. Broach. See Bhiruka. BUDDHA, almsbowl of, worshipped xv (Gandhâra). — birth of, figured 21 n. 1 (later Stelae of Benares), 70 n. 1 (Sânchî), iii (Gandhâra and Amarâvatî), iv (Gandhâra and Benares), xix (Sârnâth). — symbolized 20-1 (Amarâvatî), 21 (Buddhist coins). — Bodhi of. See Bodhi. — castes in relation to, 53. — conception of, figured 92 (Sânchî), iii (Gandhâra and Amarâvatî). — death of. See Parinirvâṇa. — descent of, from heaven. See Devâvatâra. — Dharmacakrapravartana of. See Dharmacakra. — elephant tamed by, at Râjagṛiha, 150. — farewell of, to Chandaka iv (Benares). — figure, artistic value of the, 136-7. — composition of the, consisting of monk and prince, 130-4. — created by sculptors of N. W. India 24. — date of, in Amarâvatî 116, Burmah 115, Cambodia 115, Ceylon 115-6, China 115, Gandhâra 117-8, Java 115, Magadha 116, Mathurâ 116, Sârnâth 116, Siam 115, Tibet 115.

c13.9

BUDDHA figure declared impossible in texts 18. — — embodies ideals of Olympian and Mahāpurusha 134-5. — — Greek characteristics of the, 119-120. — — Greek origin of the, Essay IV. — — Indo-Greek type of, 7. — — oldest descriptions of the, 119. — — omitted in scenes 4. — — omitted at Barhut 117. — — Padmāsana posture of, 235 n. — — painted on cloth 234. — — proved by Kanishka casket to belong to the 1st Century B. C. 129-130. — — related to that of Christ 135-6, xvi. — — said to be a portrait 82-3, 259. — — tonsure omitted from the, 132-3. — — uniformity of, 112-3, 114. — figured 116 n. 1 (Turfan, Khotan), 128 (on coin of 1st century A.D), 172 n. 1 (Takht-i-Bahai), 254-62 (Boro-Budur), 263 (Chandi Mendut), xi (Gandhāra), xv (Kanishka casket), xvi (Gandhāra), xx (Ajaṇṭā), xl, xliii (Boro-Budur). — footmarks of, iii (Amarāvatī). — Four Promenades of, hinted at 107 (Sānchī); figured xxxi (Boro-Budur). — Gandhāra said to have been visited by, 122. — Great Departure of. See Mahābhinishkramaṇa. — hair cut off by, jewels abandoned by, 132. — Hāritī converted by, 122. — horse of. See Kaṇṭhaka. — life of, in successive births 35. — life of, 113. — Mahābhinishkramaṇa of. See Mahābhinishkramaṇa. — monkey’s offering to, at Vaiśālī 150.

c13.10

BUDHA, mother of. See Māyā. — Nāga of Swāt river converted by, 122. — Parinirvāṇa of. See Parinirvāṇa. — portrait statues of, 82-83. — preaching of, to the 33 gods, figured 163 n. 1 (Ajaṇṭā). — Questions of, to Cāriputra 163 n. 1 (Ajaṇṭā). — relics of, deposited in eight Sanctuaries, 147; in Kanishka casket 129, 130. — relics of, war of, figured 78 (Sānchī). — Renunciation of Life by. See Āyuḥ-saṃskāra-utsarjana. — return of, to Kapilavastu, figured 93 (Sānchī). — squire of. See Chandaka. — seven steps of, figured iv (Benares). — statue of, sandal wood, 24 n. 1. — symbolized at Sānchī and Barhut, 19, 75. BUDDHAS preceding Cākyamuni figured xxvi (Mahomed Nari). — seven last, symbolized 72 (Sānchī and Barhut), 104 (Sānchī). — thousand, at Murtuk and the Great Miracle 160 n. 2. — See also Cikhin, Kācyapa, Kanakamuni, Krakucchanda, Prabhūtaratna, Ratnasambhava, Viçvabhū, Vipaçyin. Buddhacarita, Great Miracle described in the, 158. Buddhism in Gandhāra, history of, 121-5. Buddhist art, origin of, Essay I. — monuments abundant in Gandhāra 124. Buffaloes figured 97-107 (Sānchī). BÜHLER, G., Sānchī inscriptions studied by, 66 n. 1. Bull, symbol of Buddha’s Birth, 21 (coins), 1. Bulls with human faces figured 107 (Sānchī). BURGESS, J., frescoes at Ajaṇṭā described by, 162-163, xx.

c13.11

BURGESS, J., photograph communicated by, IV, XXVI. Burmah, Buddha type not original in, 115.

c13.12

ÇAILÂ, nun, figured 234-5, XXXVIII (Boro-Budur). Caityas, Eight Great, 147; Hymn to the, 147 n. 2. ÇAKRA. See INDRA. Cakravartin, Seven Jewels of a, 227. Çâla tree, symbolizing Viçvabhû, 104 (Sânchî). Calcutta museum, remains of Barhut railing in the, 57. Cambodia, Buddha figure not original in, 115. Camel figured 87 (Sânchî). Cammasâṭaka-jātaka narrated 44. Campaka (Nāgapushpa) flower figured 88 (Sânchî), XXII-III (Boro-Budur). CANDRAGUPTA, Gandhāra ceded by Seleukos to, 121. CANDRAPRABHÂ, queen, figured 235, XXXVIII-IX (Boro-Budur). Caṅkrama figured 93 (Sânchî). — symbolizing Buddha 19 (Sânchî). Canoe figured 100 (Sânchî). Canvas, painting on, 274-5. Capitals, decorations of, 86 (Sânchî). — Iranian, 87, 91 (Sânchî). ÇĀRIPUTRA, questions to, figured 163, n. 1 (Ajaṇṭā). Casket from Kanishka stûpa figured xv. Castes, Bodhisattva and the, 53. Catacombs, symbols employed by Christian artists of the, 82. Caves, Buddhist. See Ajaṇṭā, Ta-t’ong-fu. Ceylon, Buddha figure not original in, 115-6. Chaḍḍanta-jātaka. See Shaḍḍanta-j°. Chair figured 144 (Gaul and India). CHANDAKA, Buddha’s squire, figured 105 (Sânchî), III (Gandhāra and Amarāvatî), IV (Benares). Chandi Mendut, Hāritī figure from, 283-4, images in the, 262-6. Chariot figured 93, 100 (Sânchî), 178 (Barhut), XXXVI (Boro-Budur). Chartres cathedral, carvings on the, 61.

c13.13

CHAVANNES, E., caves of Long-men and Ta-t’ong-fu described by, 115, 167 n. 1. — Chinese statue interpreted by, L. — photograph furnished by, XXI. — Shaḍḍanta-jātaka translated from Chinese texts by, 188 and n. 2, 190. Chignon, Brahmanic, figured 97, 175 and n. 2, XXV-VI (Gandhāra), XXXIV, XXXVII (Boro-Budur). Child figured 139-40 (Gaul), 141-2 (Gandhāra). Children, goddess of. See Hāritī. China, Buddha figure not original in, 115. — Hāritī figure in, 286-7. CHRIST figure based on Lateran Sophocles 136. — — related to that of Buddha 135-6, XVI. Christian art, Hellenistic origin of, 290-1. — — juxtaposition of incidents in, 83. — — symbols employed by, in Catacombs 82. Çibi-jātaka figured 230-1, XXXVI (Boro-Budur). — localized in Gandhāra, 123. ÇIKHANDIN, son of Rudrāyaṇa, figured 235-7 (Boro-Budur). ÇIKHIN symbolized by Puṇḍarīka, 104 (Sânchî). CINCÂ, calumny of, at Çrâvastî 183. Çirsha tree symbolizing Krakucchanda 104 (Sânchî). Civilization of India represented on Sânchî sculptures 80. Cloud figured XLIV (Chandi Mendut). Cluny museum, signacula in the, 11. Cock, Buddha’s birth as. See Kukkuṭa-jātaka. Coins, Indo-Greek, described 125-8, figured XIV. — punch-marked, discussed by D. B. Spooner 14, 21 n. 2. Columns, Persepolitan or Corinthian, figured XXV (Gandhāra). — supported by Atlantes XXVI (Gandhāra).

c13.14

Columns. *See also* Capitals. Conception, Buddha's, represented 20 (Amarāvatī, Barhut, Sānchī). Conch figured 93 (Sānchī). Corinthian columns xxv (Gandhāra). Cornucopia figured xvii (Gaul), xviii (Gandhāra). — unclean in India 142. Court scenes figured xxxvi-ix (Boro-Budur). Çrāvastī, Buddha's birth as son of citizen of, 54. — Ciñcā's calumny at, 183. — figure (personified) of, 175, xxvii (Gandhāra). — figured 239 (Boro-Budur). — Great Miracle at. *See* Essay VI. — Jetavana scenes figured 77 n. 1 (Sānchī). *See* Jetavana. — Sundarī's assassination at, 183. Çrī (?) figured 70 and n. 1, 88 (Sānchī). Crocodile figured 100 (Sānchī). Çuddhodana, departure of, from Kapilavastu figured 93 (Sānchī). Cuirass figured xxxvi (Boro-Budur). Cunda figured 264-5, 266, xliv (Chandi Mendut). Çuṅga dynasty mentioned in Barhut inscription 4, 34. Cupid garland-bearers figured xv (Kanishka casket), xxv (Gandhāra). Çvetaketu figured xxxiv (Boro-Budur). Çydma-jātaka figured 74 n. 2 (Sānchī). — localized in Gandhāra 123. Çyāmāka, companion of Mahākātyāyana, figured 239 (Boro-Budur).

c13.15

Dabbhapuppha-jātaka narrated 44-5. Dancers figured 91 (Sānchī). Davids, T. W. Rhys, Twin Miracle as viewed by, 157. Decorative motifs at Sānchī 69, 85-90. — — hard to distinguish from Buddhist scenes 84. — — imported from Persia by Iranian artisans 81-2. Deer figured xxix (Amarāvatī). — *See also* Antelope, Gazelle.

c13.16

Demetrios, coin of, 126. Demi-gods figured 71 (Sānchī). Departure, Buddha's Great. *See* Mahā-bhinishkramaṇa. Devadatta, monkey incarnation of, 43-4. Devadvāra figured 163 (Ajaṇṭā), 163 n. 1 (Barhut), xix (Sārnāth). — localized at Kanyakubja (Fa-t'ien), Kapitha (Hiuan-tsang), or Sānkāçya (Divyāvadāna and Fa-hien) 149 n. 1. Dharmacakrapravartana confused with Great Miracle 169 n. 1. — figured 16 (Sānchī), iv (Gandhāra and Amarāvatī), xix (Sārnāth). — symbolized by wheel 148 n. 2, ii. Dhoṭī figured 85, 89, xl (Gandhāra). Dhṛtarāshṭra, Gandharva king, figured 85 (Sānchī). Dhyāni-Buddha figured 256-7 (Boro-Budur). — images in Batavia museum 267. — *See* Akshobhya, Amitābha, Amoghasiddhi, Ratnasambhava, Vairocana. Dion, father of Heliodoros, 82. Disc figured 227-8 (Boro-Budur). Divyāvadāna, Avalokiteçvara and Mañjuçrī wanting in the, 178. — extracts of Mūla-Sarvāstivādin Vinaya in the, 151 n. 2, 223, 253. — followed by sculptors of Boro-Budur 223-4, 225-6, 253. — Great Miracle narrated in the, 151, 173. — Great Miracle described as necessary act of Buddha by, 151. — groups together Birth, Bodhi, First Preaching and Death of Buddha 148 n. 1. — Maitrakanyaka story narrated in the, 244 n. 2. — Māndhātār story narrated in the, 225-30. — Pāñcika named in the, 174 n. 5. — Rudrāyaṇa story narrated in the, 231-40. — Twin Miracle narrated in the, 156-9. Dog figured 107 (Sānchī). Dog-tooth ornament xxv (Gandhāra).

c13.17

Domestic life, scenes from, 80, 95 (Sânchî). Domoko, Hâritî figure from, 285-6. Donors to Sânchî stûpa named 67. Dragon figured L (China). Driver of chariot figured 93 (Sânchî). Drum figured 93 (Sânchî). Druma, Kinnara king, figured 221-2 (Boro Budur). Du Hamel, Constant, story of, 49. Dûbhiyamakkaṭa-jâtaka narrated 43-4. Dvârapâla figured 71 (Sânchî), XLII (Boro-Budur). Dzang-loun, Great Miracle narrated in the, 161 n. 2.

c13.18

Earrings figured 89 (Sânchî), 144. Edification, increasing, as test of date in religious tales, 191-2. Ekaçṛiṅga. See Rishyaçṛiṅga. Elâpatra, visit of, to Buddha figured 19 (Barhut). Elephant, Buddha's birth as, 37-39, 186. — Buddha's conception in form of, figured 92 (Barhut and Sânchî). — figured 45 (Barhut), 86, 88, 90, 97 (Sânchî), 163, 164 n. 1 (Ajaṇṭâ), 227-8, 234 (Boro-Budur), XIX (Sârnâth), XXVIII (Barhut), XXIX (Barhut and Amarâvatî), XXX (Karamâr hill and Ajaṇṭâ). — goad for, figured 86 (Sânchî). — savage, tamed by Buddha 150. — six-tusked. See Shaḍdanta-jâtaka. — symbolizing Buddha's birth 20 n. 2. — symbolizing Buddha's conception 21, 1. — wild, figured 88 (Sânchî). Erp, Major van, Boro-Budur conservation work under, 206 n. 1, XXXI. — Boro-Budur drawings executed by, 210. — photograph communicated by, XXXII, XLIII, XLIV. Espérandieu, E., stereotypes lent by, XVII. — work of, on Gallic bas-reliefs 139-41. Eugenia jambu. See Jambu tree. Eukratides revolts against Demetrios 126.

c13.19

European literature, borrowing from India by, 50. Existences, previous, of Buddha. See Jâtaka.

c13.20

Fa-hien, Great Miracle not narrated by, 183. — Mahâcaitya at Çrâvastî seen by, 183 n. Fairy. See Yaksha. Fan figured 95 (Sânchî), XXXV (Boro-Budur). Fa-t'ien, Great Miracle associated with Jetavana by, 149 n. 2. Feer, L., Shaḍdanta-jâtaka discussed by, 187, 193 n. 1. Fell, Capt., Sânchî stûpa visited by, 63. Fergusson J., view of, concerning Indian sculptures and texts 186. Ficus glomerata. See Udumbara. — indica. See Nyagrodha. — religiosa. See Açvattha. Fig tree. See Bodhi-tree. Fire cauldron figured 98 (Sânchî). Fishes in pond figured XXVIII (Gandhâra). Flagstaff figured 90 (Sânchî). Florence, baptistery of, scenes on the, 83. Flowers, garlands of, XXIV-XXV (Gandhâra). — rain of, XXII (Boro-Budur), XXIV, XXVIII (Gandhâra). Flute figured 93 (Sânchî). Fly-flapper figured, 93, 105 (Sânchî), XIX (Sârnâth), XXII, XXVIII (Boro-Budur), XXIX (Amarâvatî), XXXV (Boro-Budur). — holders, Brahmâ and Indra as, 165 (Ajaṇṭâ), 168 (Western India). Fortune, Indian. See Çrî. Francis, H., Jâtaka translation by, criticized 202, n. 1. Fresco painting. See Painting.

c13.21

Ganda, Gandamba, as name of gardener, 152, n. 1. Gandhâra art, Greek details of, 145-6. — Greek origin of, 145-6. — bas-reliefs from, date of, 190. — Buddha said to have visited, 122. — Buddhism in, history of, 121-5.

c13.22

Gandhāra, Buddhist monuments numerous in, 124-5. — ceded by Seleukos to Candragupta, 121. — cities of, 118. — columns in Corinthian or Persepolitan style in, xxv. — conversion of, by Madhyāntika 122. — frontier country under Açoka, 121. — Greeks in, 125-8. — Hāritī story localized in, 122. — jātaka scenes rare in, 26. — jātakas localized in, 123. — legendary scenes numerous in, 26. — Madhyāntika apostle of, 122. — Mahāyāna flourishing in, 125. — monasteries (1000) of, 124. — Ṛiṣyaçṛinga-jātaka localized in, 48. — sculptures from, iii, xv, xvi, xviii, xxiv-viii, xxx, xlvii. — Shaḍdanta-jātaka figured in, 39, 188, 195-6. — Tutelary Pair commonly worshipped and figured in, 141-2, xviii. — See also Karamār Hill, Kharkia, Mekha-Sandha, Peshawar, Sahri-Bahlol, Takht-i-Bahai, Taxilā. Gandharvas as decorative figures 85 (Sānchī). — king of the. See Dhṛitarāṣṭra. Gardener, story of. See Ārāmadūsaka-jātaka. Gargoyles for carrying off water xxxi (Boro-Budur). Garland as decorative motif, 85 (Sānchī). — figured 170-2, 172 n. 1 (Takht-i-Bahai), xxiv-vi, xxviii (Gandhāra), xxviii (Barhut). — serpentine, in sculpture, 34. Garments, rain of, figured 228, xxxvi (Boro-Budur). Garuda figured 107 (Sānchī). Gaul, Tutelary Pair in. See Essay V, xvii. Gazelle figured iv (Gandhāra and Amarāvatī), xix (Sārnāth). — See also Antelope and Deer. General figured 227-8 (Boro-Budur). Genius figured 71, 80 (Sānchī).

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Genius, flying, figured xxiii (Magadha and Kuḍā), xxvii-viii (Gandhāra), See also Yaksha. Getty, Henry H., photographs communicated by, xlix. Girl, Jade, figured l (China). Goat figured 87 (Sānchī). Gods, Fifteen, figured xl (Boro-Budur). — Thirty-three, Buddha’s preaching to the, 19, 163 n. 1. — who dispose of the creations of themselves and others, 92. Goddess figured xxxix (Boro-Budur). Gold, shower of, figured 228 (Barhut). Goldsmith figured 246 (Boro-Budur). Goloubew, V., photograph communicated by, iv. Gopā. See Yaçodā. Gosanze, Japanese name of Trailokyavijaya (q v.), 268. Greek coins 126-8, figured xiv. — influence on art at Sānchī 82. — invasion of India and influence in Gandhāra 125 8. — source of Christian and late Buddhist art 290 1. Gṛidhraḳūṭa, Saddharmapuṇḍarika associated with the, 149 n. 2. Griffiths, J., Shaḍdanta-jātaka fresco described by, 195. Griffons figured 94 (Sānchī). Groneman, J., Guide to Boro-Budur by, 215. — Maitrakanyaka-jātaka verified at Boro Budur by, 215 and n. 2, 243-4. Grouping of sculptured scenes 77. Grünwedel, A, Buddhist heavens detected in sculpture by, 71. — frescoes of Murtuk reproduced by, 160 n. 2. — Maitrakanyaka figures compared by, 244 n. 1. — photograph communicated by, xviii. — sculptures at Sānchī identified by, 71, 76. Guardians of sanctuary. See Dvārapāla. Guides, Mess of the, Gandhāra sculptures in, 119, xi.

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Guimet Museum, Sânchî stûpa moulding in the, 92. Guitar, boy playing, figured 274.

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Halaka, a hunter, 218-9. Halo of Buddhas 172. — figured 173 n. 1, XXVII (Gandhâra). — See also Aureole. Nimbus Hamsa-jâtaka figured 37 (Barhut). Hâritî, the Buddhist Madonna, 279-91. — converted by Buddha 122, 280. — figure from Chandi Mendut, 283-4. — Domoko 285-6. — Annam 287-8. — China 286-7. — Japan 287. — universally found in Buddhist countries 290. — figured frontispiece (Yâr-Khoto), XLV (Domoko), XVIII, XLVII, XLVIII (Gandhâra), XLIX (Japan), L (China). — images of, in all Indian monasteries 281. — described by Yi-tsing 282. — originally an ogress, goddess of smallpox, 142, 280-1, XLIX. — reminiscence of worship of, in Gandhâra 122, 282. — See also Tutelary Pair. Harmikâ, part of stûpa, 33. Harp figured 49 (Barhut). Harsha Çilâditya, poem of, 147 n. 2. Hastinapura, capital of northern Pañcâla, 220-1. Hayagrîva, image of, in Batavia Museum 267. Head-dress, Brahmanical. See Chignon. Heaven, Akanishtha. See Akanishtha. — Buddhist, figured 71, 91 (Sânchî), 72 (Barhut). — Descent from, See Devâvatâra. — Kâmâvacara, figured 103 (Sânchî). — Mâra's, figured 92 (Sânchî). — Tushita. See Tushita. Heliodoros, column of, at Vidiçâ, 82. Hell, town of, figured 246-7 (Boro-Budur).

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Herald figured 93 (Sânchî), 229 (Boro-Budur). Hermit figured 80, 98 (Sânchî). — See also Ârâḍa, Ascetic, Brahman, Kâçyapa. Hermitage, Brahmanic, figured XXXVII (Boro Budur). — life of a, figured 98 (Sânchî). Himâlaya, scene in the, 219. Hiru, minister of Rudrâyaṇa, 238-40. Hiruka, foundation of, 240. Hiuan-tsang, Gandhâra monasteries estimated at 1000 by, 124. — Great Miracle disregarded by, 183. — Mahâcaitya at Çrâvastî seen by, 183 n. — Rishyaçṛiṅga story related by, 48. — Vajrâsana statue described by, 259-60. Honeysuckle figured 87, 89 (Sânchî). Horse, Buddha's. See Kaṇṭhaka. — figured 93 (Sânchî), 163 (Ajaṇṭâ), 227-8 (Boro-Budur), XXVIII (Barhut), XXXVI (Boro-Budur). — symbolizing Great Departure 148 n. 2, I. Hoti-Mardân, Gandhâra statues in, 119. Huber, E., Divyâvadâna traced to Mûla-Sarvâstivâdin Vinaya by, 151, 223 n. 2, 253. — Lûhasudatta and his wife discussed by, 174 n. 1. — Roruka localized by, 238 n 2. — Rudrâyaṇa story analysed by, 231-2. — Sûtrâlaṃkâra (Chinese) in 10 chapters noted by, 200. Humboldt, W. von, Dhyâni-Buddhas detected at Boro-Budur by, 256. Hut, Brahmanical, figured 97 (Sânchî).

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Idolatry, Buddhism not originated in milieu hostile to, 9 — not mentioned in Veda 9. — rare in ancient India 8. Idols mentioned by Patañjali 9. Images, anthropomorphic. See Idolatry. — carved at Sânchî 69. — Indian, discussed by Dr. Konow 9 n. 2.

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Indian art, history of ancient school of, 18. — life, details of, illustrated by sculptures 29. INDRA, Buddha visited by, 19 (Barhut). — figured 96 (Sânchî), 162 and n. 2 (Ajaṇṭâ), 170 n. 2, 175 n. 2 (in Great Miracle), 177 (in Devâva-târa), 179 (Barhut), 229-30, 232 (Boro-Budur), iv (Benares), xv (on Kanishka casket), xix (Sâr-nâth), xxiv (Gandhâra). — heaven of, figured 91 (Sânchî). — steals ascetics' food 46. INDRAMITRA mentioned in inscription at Bodh-Gayâ 4. Indraprastha, Vidhura-jâtaka localized at, 55. Inscriptions 34, 92 (Barhut), 66, 86 (Sânchî). Ionic capital, volute of, imitated at Sânchî 87. Iranian artisans in India 82. — capitals on gate of Sânchî 91. — influence in Indian art 69, 87, 91. Isis suckling Horus, images of, 288. Ivory-carvers of Vidiçâ 67.

c13.29

Jackal and otters, story of the. See Dabbha-puppha-jâtaka 44-5. Jain monk (Digambara) figured 163 (Ajaṇṭâ). Jambu tree at Kapilavastu figured 106 (Sânchî). JANMACITRAKA, the nâga, 218. Japan, Hâritî figure in, 287. Jâtaka, antelope. See Kuruṅga-jâtaka. — Ârâmadûsaka. See Ârâma°. — Asadisa. See Asadisa°. — Bhallâṭiya. See Kinnara°. — Bhisa. See Bhisa. — Cammasâṭaka. See Cammasâṭaka°. — Çibi. See Çibi°. — cock. See Kukkuṭa°. — Dabbhapuppha See Dabbhapuppha°. — Dûbhiyamakkaṭa. See Dûbhiyamakkaṭa°. — elephant. See Kakkaṭa°, Laṭukika°, Shaḍdanta°. — Hamsa. See Hamsa°.

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Jâtaka Kapota See Kapota°. — Kinnara. See Kinnara°. — Kukkuṭa. See Kukkuṭa°. — Kuruṅga. See Kuruṅga°. — Mahâjanaka See Mahâjanaka°. — Mahâkapi. See Mahâkapi°. — monkey. See Mahâkapi°. — pigeon. See Kapota°. — quail. See Laṭukika°. — Ṛishyaçṛiṅga. See Ṛishyaçṛiṅga°. — Ruru. See Ruru° — Shaḍdanta. See Shaḍdanta°. — stag. See Ruru°. — swan. See Hamsa°. — Temiya. See Temiya°. — Unicorn. See Ṛishyaçṛiṅga°. — Viçvantara. See Viçvantara°. — Vidhura. See Vidhura°. Jâtakas at Barhut. See Essay II. — figured 23 (Barhut and Sânchî), 40 (Barhut), v-vi (Barhut). — nature of the, 30. — rarely figured in Gandhâra 26. Jâtaka book, age of verses and prose, 189-90, 196-7, 201-6. — Great Miracle in Introduction to, 152 and n. 1. — Maitrakanyaka story compared with the, 244 n. 2. — Mândhâtravadâna compared with the, 225 n. 1. — not complete 58. — Twin Miracle in Introduction to, 155. Jâtakamâlâ, Twin Miracle in, 155. Java, Buddha figure not original in, 115. — Buddhist art in, 205. — Buddhist images of, resemble those of India 269. — routes followed by Indian civilization to, 283. — See also Batavia, Boro-Budur, Chandi Mendut. Jetavana, Great Miracle not localized in the, 149 and n. 2. — Great Miracle represented by wheel in front of the, 180 n. 1. — Mahâprajñâpâramitâ associated with the, 149 n. 2. — scenes in the, 77 n. 1.

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Jewels, belt of, figured 89 (Sânchî). — Buddha divests himself of his, 106. — figured 227-8 (Boro-Budur). — seven, of a cakravartin 227. Juxtaposition of incidents in art 74, 83 (Buddhist and Christian), 98 (Sânchî). Jyotipâla, vyâkaraṇa of, figured xxvi (Gandhâra).

c13.32

Kâçyapa, conversion of, figured 76, 97, 100 (Sânchî). — Buddha figured xxvi (Gandhâra). — symbolized by Nyagrodha tree 104 (Sânchî). Kâkanâda. See Sânchî. Kalpadrumavadâna, date of the, 190. — Shaḍḍanta-jātaka in the, 187-8, 194, 196, 198, 204 n. Kâmâvacara heaven figured 103 (Sânchî). Kanakamuni symbolized by Udumbara tree 104 (Sânchî). Kanishka, Clovis of Northern India, 128. — coin of, with figure of Buddha 128. — figured 129-30, xv (on casket). — Peshawar winter capital of, 129. — stûpa, and casket of, 128-30, xiv xv. Kanjur, Mândhâtravadâna according to the 225 n. 1. Kanthaka, Buddha’s horse, figured 105 (Sânchî), iii (Gandhâra and Amarâvatî), iv (Benares). Kanyakubja, Devâvatâra localized at, 149. Kapilavastu, deity of, figured 175, iii (Gandhâra and Amarâvatî). — departure of king from, figured 93 (Sânchî). — figured 105 (Sânchî). — gate of, figured 13. — Jambu tree near, figured 106 (Sânchî). — Mahâbhinishkramaṇa symbolizing, 148. — Nyagrodhârâma at gate of. See Nyagrodhârâma. — scenes at, figured 77, n. 1 (Sânchî), iii. — signacula from, 12.

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Kapilavastu. See also Lumbinî. Kapitha, Devâvatâra localized at, 149. Kapola-jātaka figured 37 (Barhut). Karamâr hill, Shaḍḍanta-jātaka figured at, xxx. Kârlî, Great Miracle confused with Dharmacakrapravartana at, 169 n. 1. Karma, law of, 31. Kauçâmbî, Buddha portrait statue at, 259. — unimportance of, in Buddhist legend, 149. Khara village mentioned in Rudrâyaṇa story 238. Kharkai, Buddha head from, xi. King figured 100 (Sânchî), 232, xxxvi-xl (Boro-Budur). — See also Açoka, Ajâtaçatru, Bimbisâra, Çuddhodana, Çuṅga, Dhṛitarâshṭra, Druma, Kanishka, Mahâjanaka, Mândhâtar, Milinda, Prasenajit, Royalty. Kings, Four Great. See Lokapâla. Kinnara figured 219-24 (Boro-Budur), ii (Sânchî). — form of, discussed 241 and n. 2, 242. — jātaka figured 53 (Barhut and Boro-Budur), 241, xli (Boro-Budur). — king. See Druma. Kinnarî Manoharâ, story of the, 219-24. Ki-si-mo-jin, the Japanese Hâritî, 286-7. — figured xlix. Kondivté, Great Miracle figured at, 168. Konkan, Great Miracle figured in the, 182. Konow S., images in ancient India discussed by, 9 n. 2. Kosala king and queen reconciled by Buddha 53. Krakucchanda symbolized by Çirisha tree 104 (Sânchî). Kṛishṇa suckled by Devakî, images of, 288. Kṛityâ effigy, in magic rites 8 n. 1. Kshatriya. Brahman inferior to, according to Buddhists 54. — Buddha’s birth as, 55. Kshemendra, Mândhâtar story narrated by, 225-6. — Mûla-Sarvâstivâdin canon followed by, 151 n. 2, 204 n.

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KUAN-YIN figured L (China). Kuçinagara, signacula from, 12 — stûpa, Buddha's death commemorated by, 12. Kuḍâ caves, Great Miracle figured in the, 168. — sculptures from the, xxiii. Kukkuṭa-jātaka figured 37 (Barhut). Kuruṅga-jātaka figured 40 (Barhut). KUVERA not one of the Tutelary Pair 141. — statuette in Batavia museum 267. KWEI-TSEU-MU-CHEN, the Chinese Hâritî, 286.

c13.35

LA FONTAINE, jātaka tales reflected by, 45, 48, 50. Lakṣaṇa, sign of recognition for identifying sculptures, 176, 181. Lalitâkṣepa posture figured 263 (Chandi Mendut). Lalita-vistara versions of stories on bas-reliefs 214 (Boro-Budur). — Shaḍḍanta-jātaka mentioned in the, 192. Lamaist images, symbols of Buddha on, 26. Lambaka, scene at, figured 239 (Boro-Budur). Lance figured 145, xviii (Sahri-Bahlol) Laṭukika-jātaka narrated 28. LE COQ, A. von, Hâritî painting discussed by, 273, 275, 276 n. 1 — photograph communicated by, xviii. LEEMANS, jātaka scenes described by, 217, 222 (Boro-Budur). — Buddha statue described by, 258-9 (Boro-Budur). Legendary scenes figured 90 (Sânchî). Leggings figured 144. LEROUX, E., stereotypes lent by, vii-x. Letter figured 232 (Boro-Budur). LÉVI, S., Bodhisattvâvadânakalpalatâ passage emended by, 174 n. 5. — crisis in Indian conscience at the time of Açvaghosha described by, 204. — Divyâvadâna traced to Mûla-Sarvâstivâdin Vinaya by, 151 n. 2, 223 n. 2, 253.

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LÉVI, S., Hiuan-tsang shown to reproduce Sûtrâlaṃkâra version of Shaḍḍanta jātaka by, 199 n. 1. — Kanishka compared to Clovis by, 128. — poem of Harsha restored by, 147 n. 2. — references concerning Panthaka supplied by, 157 n. 3. Lieu-tu-tsi-king, date of the, 190. — Shaḍḍanta-jātaka in the, 187-8, 196, 198. Life, Buddha's renunciation of. See Ayuḥsaṃskâra-utsarjana. Lilâñj. See Nairañjanâ. Lion, Buddha symbolized by, 1. — figured 87, 90, 107 (Sânchî). — horned, figured 87 (Sânchî). — winged, figured 87 (Sânchî). Lion-headed brackets xxv (Gandhâra). LOCANÂ, image of, in Batavia museum, 267. Loin-cloth. See Dhoṭî. Lokapâlas figured 91, 103 (Sânchî), 173 n. 1, 174; iii (Gandhâra and Amarâvatî), xxvi-vii (Gandhâra). Long-men, date of caves in pass of, 115. — Great Miracle figured in caves of, 167 n. 1. Loriyân-Tangai, sculptures from, xxiv-v. Lotus as attribute xxii, 255, 264-6. — as decoration 85 (Sânchî). — figured 86, 88, 89 (Sânchî), 172 n. 1 (Takht-i-Bahai), 173; xv (Kanishka casket), xix (Sârnâth), xxvii (Gandhâra), l (China). — footstool figured 165 (Ajaṇṭâ), 167 (Magadha), 168 (Western India), xxi (Ajaṇṭâ). — seat figured 163, 170-2, 173, 176, xxiii-viii. — stalks as food of ascetics 46. — symbolizing Buddha's birth 21. — — miraculous birth 21 n. 2, 1. — — seven steps of Buddha xix (Sârnâth). LÜDERS, H., Sûtrâlaṃkâra fragments identified by, 173-4.

c13.37

LÛHASUDATTA figured 173 4; XXIV, XXVIII (Gandhâra). Lumbinî, Buddha's birth at, 13. — Cuddhodana's visit to, 93.

c13.38

MACDONELL, A. A., photograph communicated by, 111. MADHYÂNTIKA, apostle of Gandhâra, 122. Madonna, Buddhist. See Essay IX. — — See Hâritî. — figure explained by M. Millet XLVI. — figured XLVII (Carolingian and Coptic) Magadha, Buddha figures from, date of, 116. — capital of. See Râjagriha. — Great Miracle figured in, 167 8. — See also Antagiri, Bodh-Gayâ, Gridhrakûta, Mahâbodhi. *Mahâbhinishkramana* figured III (Gandhâra), IV (Amarâvatî and Benares), XXVI (Mohamed-Nârî). — represented 5 (Sânchî), 20 (Amarâvatî), 21 n. 1 (Benares), 105 (Sânchi). — symbolized by horse 148 n. 2, 1. Mahâbodhi, Buddhist portrait statue at, 259-62. — See also Bodh-Gayâ. *Mahâjanaka-jâtaka* figured 52 (Barhut). *Mahâkapi-jâtaka* figured 41 (Barhut), 74 n. 2 (Sânchi). MAHÂKÂTYÂYÂNA figured 234 (Boro-Budur). *Mahâparinibbâna-sutta* quoted concerning the four sacred places 148 and n. *Mahâprajñâpâramitâ-sûtra* associated with the Jetavana 149 n. 2. *Mahâpratihârya* associated with the Jetavana 149 n. 2. — confused with the Dharmacakra-pravartana 169 n. 1. — confused with the Twin Miracle 156-8. — figured 160 and n. 2, 162-5 (Ajanṭâ), 165-6 (Boro-Budur), 166-7 (Ta'tong-fu), 167 n. 1 (Long-men), 167-8 (Magadha), 168 (Kondivté, Kudâ, Western India), 172 n 2 (Takht-i-Bahai, Rawak), 178-80 (Barhut), XIX-XXVIII. — narrated 159-62. — narrated in Buddhacarita 158, Divyâvadâna 151, 173, Jâtaka and Mahâvamsa 152 and n. 1. — preferred to Twin Miracle in Sârnâth stele 153-6. — reasons for tardy recognition of, 182-4. — symbolized by wheel in front of Jetavana 180 n 1. — versions of the, classified 180-2. *Mahâpurusha*, ideal of, embodied in Buddha figure 134-5. *Mahâvamsa*, conversion of Gandhâra narrated by, 122. — Great Miracle according to the, 152 and n. 1. — Twin Miracle according to the, 156. *Mahâvastu*, Avalokiteçvara and Mañjuçrî wanting in the, 178. — Twin Miracle according to the, 155-7. *Mahâyâna*, part played by Gandhârian doctors in, 125. *Maitrakanyaka* story figured 243-7, XLI-II (Boro-Budur). — — narrated in Avadânaçataka, etc., 244 n. 2. MAITREYA figured 264 (Chandi Mendut), XXII (Boro Budur), XXVI (Mohamed-Nârî). — symbolized by Campaka 88 (Sânchî). — tree of, figured 105 (Sânchî). MAKHÂDEVA, Buddha's birth as, 55. Mallas, despair of the, figured IV (Gandhâra). Mallet figured 140, 144 (Gaul). MÂNDHÂTÂR, story of, figured 224-31, XXXVI (Boro-Budur). — story of, narrated in Divyâvadâna, etc., 225-30 and 225 n. 1. Mangifera. See Pundarîka. Mango tree figured 86, 89 (Sânchî), 162 (Ajanṭâ).

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Mango, miracle of the, 152. MAÑJUÇRI figured 255 (Boro-Budur), 264-6 (Chandi Mendut), xxv (Gandhâra). — wanting in Divyâvadâna, Mahâvastu, and Gandhâra 177-8. MANOHARÂ, flight of, figured xxxiv (Boro-Budur). — story of, 219-24. MÂRA, assault of, figured 103 n. (Sânchi), 161 and n. 1, 162-5 (Ajanṭâ), iii iv (Gandhâra and Amarâvatî), xix (Sârnâth). — heaven of, figured 92 (Sânchi). Mâradharshaṇa See Mâra, assault of. MARICI, statue of, 267 (Batavia Museum) MARSHALL, J.-H, Kanishka stûpa explored by, 129. — photographs communicated by, 64 n. 2, 84, ii, vii-x, xix. — scenes on stele identified by, 150. Mat, Brahmanical, figured 97 (Sânchi). Mathurâ, Buddha figures from, date of, 116. — Great Miracle missing at, 182. — stûpa, fragments of railing, 4. — unimportance of, in Buddhist legend 149. MAUDGALYÂYANA figured 174. MÂYÂ, dream of, figured 70 and n. 1 (?), iii (Gandhâra and Amarâvatî), ix (Sânchi). Meditation, Buddha's first, 5 (Bodh-Gayâ). Mekha-Sandha hill, xii. Melons figured on painting from Central Asia 274. MENANDER, coin of, 127. — Nâgasena's conversation with, 6. — Sâgala capital of, 127. Mendicant figured xxxvi (Boro-Budur). — See also Monk. Merchant, Buddha's birth as. See Camma-sâṭaka-jâtaka. MILINDA, Questions of King, 127. — See also Menander. MILLET (Gab.), Madonna figures indicated by, 278. — Madonna figure explained by, xlvi. Minister figured 227-8, 229, 238-40 (Boro-Budur). Minister. See also Hiru, Bhiru. Miracle, Great. See Mahâprâtihârya. — Twin. See Yamakaprâtihârya. Mithilâ, Amarâ story located in, 51. — Mahâjanaka story located in, 52. — See also Yavamajjhaka. Mohamed-Nârl, sculptures from, xxvi. Monasteries, Buddhist, Hâritî figure in, 281. — Buddhist, numerous in Gandhâra 124. Monk figure in composition of Buddha figure 131-4. — figured 234, 239 (Boro-Budur), xvi (Gandhâra), xix (Sârnâth), xxv (Loriyân-Tangai), xxvi (Gandhâra), xxxi, xxxvii (Boro-Budur). — not figured at Barhut and Sânchi 96. Monkey, Buddha's birth as. See Mahâkapi-jâtaka. — Devadatta's incarnation as, 43-4. — figured 45 (Barhut), 100 (Sânchi). — offering of the, figured 150, xix (Sârnâth). Moon, crescent, figured 172 n. 1 (Takht-i-Bahai). Mortar and pestle figured 95 (Sânchi). Motifs, decorative, borrowed from Persia 81. Mṛigadâva, Buddha's preaching at the, 13. Mudra figured 163 (Ajanṭâ), 170 n. 2, 181; 256-8 (Boro-Budur), xv (Kanishka casket), xix (Sârnâth), xx (Ajanṭâ), xxi (Ta-t'ong-fu), xxiv (Gandhâra). Mûla-sarvastivâdin school prevalent in Java 253. — Vinaya and the Divyâvadâna 151, 253. MÛDHÂTAR. See Mândhâtar, 226. Murtuk, Thousand Buddhas at, 160 n 2. Musicians, celestial. See Gandharva. — figured 91, 93, 100 (Sânchi), 239 (Boro-Budur). Nâga, Buddha relics at Râmagrâma guarded by, 78. — Buddha's victory over the wicked, figured 97 (Sânchi).

c13.40

Nâga figured 167 (Magadha), 168 (Western India), IV (Benares), XIX (Sârnâth), XX (Ajanṭâ), XIII (Kuḍâ, Magadha), XXV (Loriyân-Tangai), XXVI (Mohamed-Nârî), XLV (Chandi Mendut). — Janmacitraka, story of, 218-219. — of Swât river converted by Buddha 122. — woman in Vidhura-jâtaka 55. — See also Nanda and Upananda, Elâpatra. NÂGAPIYA, donor of pillar at Sânchî, 67-77. Nâga-pushpa flower. See Campaka. Nagara-devatâ See Town, personification of. NÂGASENA, Menander converted by, 6. Nairañjanâ river figured 96, 100. NANDA and UPANANDA in the Great Miracle 159-161. — figured 167 (Magadha), 168 (Western India), 173, XXIII (Kuḍâ and Magadha), XXV-XXVII (Gandhâra). — See also Nâga. Nandipada symbolizing nativity of Buddha 1. Nativity, Buddha's. See Buddha, birth of. Necklace worn by female figure 89 (Sânchî). Nimbus figured 144 (Gaul and India), 171 n. 1, 263 (in leaf form, Chandi Mendut), XXIII (Magadha), XXI (Ta-t'ong-fu), XXV (Gandhâra). — See also Aureole, Halo. Nun figured 234-5 (Boro-Budur), XXV (Loriyân-Tangai), XXXVIII, XXXIX (Boro-Budur). — See also Çailâ. Nyagrodha tree figured 94 (Sânchî). — symbolizing Kâçyapa Buddha 104 (Sânchî). — Ârâma figured at Sânchî 94.

c13.41

Ogress (Hâritî) figured XLIX (Japan). OLDENBURG, S. d', jâtakas at Boro-Budur identified by, 214 and n. 1, 215, 217, 243-4.

c13.42

Olla figured 139 40 (Gaul). Olympian, ideal of, embodied in Buddha figure 134-5. Otter. See Dabbhapuppha-jâtaka, 45. Oxen figured 87 (Sânchî).

c13.43

Padma. See Lotus. Padmâsana posture, Buddha figures in, 256 (Boro-Budur). — reserved for Buddha (ibid.), 235 n. Painting, fresco. See Ajanṭâ. — in water colours on canvas 274-5. — Tibetan, XL. Palisade figured XLII (Boro-Budur), XLIV (Chandi-Mendut). Pañcâla country 217-224. PÂÑCIKA, god with purse, 141-2. — in Great Miracle 174 n. 5. — figured 220 (Boro-Budur), 264 (Chandi Mendut), XLVIII (Sahri-Bahlol). — named in Divyâvadâna 174 n. 5. — See also Tutelary Pair. PANTHAKA, miracles of, 157 n. 3. Paradise. See Heaven. Pâramitâs, or Perfections of Buddha, 57. Parasol, Buddha represented by, 19. — Buddha's, in the heaven of the Thirty-Three Gods 19. — figured 93, 94, 95, 96, 102 (Sânchî), 164 n. 1 (Ajanṭâ), 170-2 (Ajanṭâ), 172 n. 1 (Takht-i-Bahai), XIX (Sârnâth), XXI (Ajanṭâ), XXIV XXVII and XXVIII (Gandhâra), XXVIII (Barhut), XXIX (Amarâvatî), XXXVI and XXXVII (Boro-Budur). Parinirvâṇa figured IV (Gandhâra, Amarâvatî, Benares), XIX (Sârnâth). — symbolized by Stûpa 16, 89 (Sânchî), 73, 90, I, II, IV (Amarâvatî). Parnaçâlâ. See Hut. Parrot figured XLVII (Gandhâra). Paryaṅka-bandha posture figured 97 (Sânchî). Pâṭalî, symbol of Vipaçyin, figured 104 (Sânchî). Peacock figured 88, 105 (Sânchî).

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Perfections of Buddha. *See* Pāramitā. Persepolitan columns xxv (Gandhāra). Persian. *See* Iranian. Peshawar, Kanishka stûpa excavated at, 129. — Kanishka's winter capital 129. Physiologus, Unicorn story in, 48. Pishi. *See* Rajoharana. Pigeon, Buddha's life as. *See* Kapota-jātaka. Pilgrimages, four great, as aid to explanation of Buddhist art 10. — four places of, 148. — signacula from, 11. PIṄGALA, Hāritī's youngest son, 279-284. — figured xlv-l. Pitchers figured 96 (Sānchī). PLEYTE, C. M., Boro-Budur sculptures identified by, 214 and n. 2, 216 n. 1. — Buddha statue at Boro Budur discussed by, 257. Pond figured xxviii (Gandhāra), xxix (Amarāvatī), xliv (Chandi Mendut). Portico figured in Great Miracle 171-179 (Barhut). — trapezoidal, figured xxv (Gandhāra). Portrait statues of Buddha, supposed, 82-83, 259. PRABHŪTARATNA, Buddha, figured xxi (Ta't'ong-fu). Pradakshiṇā arrangement of bas-reliefs at Boro-Budur 214-5. PRASENAJIT figured in Great Miracle 164 n. 1, 171, 174 (Ajaṇṭā), 179 (Barhut). — sandal-wood statue of Buddha carved by, 24 n. 1. Preaching, Buddha's first. *See* Dharmacakra-pravartana. — symbolized by wheel 90 (Sānchī). Prince, figure of, 6 (Sānchī and Barhut). Processions of kings figured 80 (Sānchī). Promenade. *See* Caṅkrama. Promenades, four. *See* Buddha. Pruning-bill borne by Brahman ascetic 218. Puṇḍarīka tree, symbolizing Çikhin, figured 104 (Sānchī).

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PŪRAṆA KAÇYAPA figured 164 and n. 1 (Ajaṇṭā). Purojava. *See* Herald. Purse figured 139-40 (Gaul), 141-142 (Gandhāra), 145-6 (Gaul and Gandhāra), 246 (Boro-Budur), xxiv, xxv, xlviii (Gandhāra). Purusha, golden, on Brahmanic altars 8 and n. 1. Purushapura. *See* Peshawar.

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Quail, Buddha's birth as. *See* Laṭukika jātaka. QUAN-AM, the Annamese, 287 8. Queen figured 227-8, 235 sqq.; xxxviii and xxxix (Boro Budur).

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Railing figured 94, 98 (Sānchī). — at Barhut, remains of, in Calcutta Museum 57. — stûpa surrounded by 33, 65 (Sānchī). Rājagṛiha, Bimbisāra king of, 232 sqq. — elephant tamed at, 150, xix (Sārnāth). — figured 101 (Sānchī). — importance of, in early Buddhism 149 and n. 2. — *See also* Antagiri. Rajoharana figured 163 (Ajaṇṭā). Ram, story of (Barhut). *See* Jātaka. RĀMA represented as brother of Sītā 45. Rāmagrāma, Açoḱa's attempt upon Buddha's relics at, figured 79 (Sānchī). — Açoḱa's visit to, 23. Ratna-caṅkrama. *See* Caṅkrama. RATNASAMBHAVA figured 256-7 (Boro-Budur). — image in Batavia Museum 267. Rawak, sculptures of, 172 n. 1. Relics, Buddha's. *See* Buddha, relics of. Rheims, people of (in La Fontaine), 50. Rice, bunches of, gathered in Java 228. Riches, god of. *See* Kuvera, Pāñcika. ṚIDDHILA-MĀTĀ figured xxiv and xxviii, 174 (Gandhāra). Ṛishis figured 228 (Boro-Budur). Ṛishyaçṛiṅga-jātaka figured 47 (Barhut), 74 n. 2 (Sānchī). — story located in Gandhāra 123.

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Ṛiṣhyaśṛiṅga-jātaka narrated 47-8. River figured 98-100 (Sânchî). Rocks figured XXIX, XXXVII and XL (Boro-Budur), L (China). Roruka, kingdom of Rudrâyaṇa 232 sqq. — localized by E. Huber 238 n. 2. Rosaries figured XXXVII (Boro-Budur). Royalty, insignia of, figured 91 (Sânchî). RUDRÂYAṆA story narrated in the Divyâvadâna, analysed by E. Huber, 231-2. — story figured 231-40 (Boro-Budur), XXXVII-XL (Boro-Budur). Ruru-jātaka figured 40 (Barhut).

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Sacrifice, instruments of, figured 97 (Sânchî). Sad-dharma-puṇḍarīka associated by Wou-k'ong with the Gṛidhra-kūṭa 149 n. 2. Sâgala, capital of Menander, 127. Sahri-Bahlol, excavations at, XIII, XIV, XLVIII. — photographs of, XIII. — Tutelary Pair from, XLVIII. Sambodhi. See Bodhi. Sânchî stûpa. See Essay III. — — bibliography of the, 83-4. — — Bodhi figured on the, 102. — — Buddha figure wanting on the, 117. — — Buddha represented by Caṅkrama on the, 19. — — Buddha represented only by symbols on the, 15. — — Buddha's Conception figured on the, 92. — — Buddhist Heavens figured on the, 71. — — date of the bas-reliefs of, 190. — — described by Captain Fell 63. — — description of, 64. — — inscriptions studied by Bühler 66 n. 1. — — Kinnaras figured on the, 11. — — monks not figured on the, 76. — — photographs of, VII-X. — — relics not discovered in the, 64. Sânchî stûpa repaired by Archæological Department 64. — — sculptures, æsthetic value of, 81. — — seven traditional Buddhas figured on the, 72. — — Shaḍdanta-jātaka at, 188. Sandal-wood statue of Buddha, traditions relative to the, 24 n. 1. Sâṅkâcya, Devâvatâra at, 149-50, 177 XIX (Sârnâth). Sârnâth, Buddha figures from, date of, 116. — sculptures from, Essay VI, XIX. SÂTAKAṆI mentioned in inscription at Sânchî 4, 67. Satire against women 46. Saw employed in Shaḍdanta-jātaka 193. — figured XXIX (Barhut and Amarâvatî). Scarf worn by Gandharvas 85. Sculptures in the round found almost only at Sânchî 66. — Indian, more reliable than texts 186. — of Sânchî, æsthetic value of, 81. — of Sânchî, observation of nature in, 81. — railings decorated with, 10. — passim. Seat figured XXVII-XXVIII. SELEUKOS, Gandhâra ceded by, to Candragupta 121. Serpents figured 107 (Sânchî). Shaḍdanta-jātaka. Essay VII. — chronology of, versions of the, 196. — figured 39 (Amarâvatî, Barhut, Gandhâra), 40 (Ajaṇṭâ), 74 n. 2 (Sânchî), XXIX (Barhut and Amarâvatî), XXX (Karamâr Hill, Ajaṇṭâ). — narrated in the Kalpadrumâvadâna and Sûtrâlaṃkâra 198-199 n. 1. Shorea Robusta. See Ҫâla. Siam, Buddha type not original in, 115. SIDDHÂRTHA Bodhisattva figured XXVII (Gandhâra), XXXVI (Boro-Budur). Signacula in the British and Cluny Museums 11. Sikrî, statue of Hâritî from, XLVII.

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Siṃhāsana, Bodhi represented by, 148 n. 2. — Buddha represented by, 19. — figured 168 (Western India), 176, xxxvii (Boro-Budur). — formed of superposed animals xxi (Ajaṇṭā). Sītā represented as sister of Rāma 45. Sivalī, story of, 52. Slab, rectangular, figured 93 (Sāñchī). Sleeves of tunic xlvii (Gandhāra). Smallpox, Deity of. see Hāritī. — infants protected by amulet against, 122. Sophocles, Lateran, and figures of Christ and Buddha, 136, xvi. Speyer, J. S., Maitrakanyaka-avadāna at Boro-Budur explained by, 215, 243-4. Spoon, sacrificial, figured 98 (Sāñchī). Spooner, D. B., Buddhist punch-marked coins tabulated and discussed by, 14, 21 n. 2. — excavations at Sahri-Bahlol by, xiii, xiv, xlviii. — Kanishka stūpa explored by, 129. Stag, Buddha’s birth as. See Ruru-jātaka. Staff of mendicant figured xix (Sārnāth). Standard-bearer figured on capitals of gate 86 (Sāñchī). Stein, M. A., excavations in Chinese Turkestan by, 285. — Hāritī painting discovered and described by, 285-6. — photograph communicated by, xlv. Stele from Sārnāth. See Essay VI. Stool figured 144 (Gaul and India), 164 n. 1 (Ajaṇṭā), 272-3 (Central Asia). Stūpa, Açoka form of, 13. — coins marked with, 14. — figured 15, 89, 90, 98 n. 1 (Sāñchī), 237-239 (Boro-Budur), iv-xix (Amarāvatī), xix (Sārnāth). — gate of. See Toraṇa. — origin and parts of, 33. — prominence of, in Buddhist architecture 10. — structure of, 33-4. — symbolizing Parinirvāṇa 18, 73, 104 (of seven last Buddhas), (Sāñchī), i, ii, 178 (Barhut). Stūpa. See also Amarāvatī, Barhut, Boro-Budur, Sāñchī. Subhadra, conversion of, figured iv (Gandhāra). Sudhana-Kumāra figured xxxv (Boro-Budur). — legend of, 217-224. Sundarī, assassination of, 183. Sūtrālaṅkāra, chapters in, the number of, 200. — fragment of the, discovered 207. — Shaḍdanta-jātaka in the, 188, 194-5, 196, 198, 199, 200. — Twin Miracle according to the, 155. Swan, as decoration 85 (Sāñchī) xv. — Buddha’s birth as. See Haṃsa-jātaka. Swāt River, Nāga of, converted by Buddha 122. Symbols 14 (on coins), 69 (Sāñchī).

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