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Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c29.s5: Appendix V: Etymological Index: Indo-Aryan

Early Tamil Epigraphy: From the Earliest Times to the Sixth Century A.D. c29.s5

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Appendix V: Etymological Index: Indo-Aryan

c29.s5.2

This Index is a list of loanwords derived from Indo-Aryan (IA) in the Corpus.

c29.s5.3

IA parallels are cited from Inscriptional Prakrit (Inscrl. Pkt.) including Sinhala-Prakrit (Sinh. Pkt.), Canonical Prakrits, viz., Pāli and Ardhamāgadhī (AMg.), and from Sanskrit (Skt.) in cols. 3 to 6 respectively.

c29.s5.4

**Headwords** (in bold italics in col.1) are arranged in the Tamil alphabetical order (with *dh* and *s* at the end). Minimal segments of Personal names (N.) and Place names (P.) which appear to be of IA origin are also included. Noun stems are given without the paragogic suffixes or case-endings found in the original inscriptions. Emendations or corrections (as in the Commentary) are in italics within brackets next to the headwords. Grammatical parts of speech of the words are indicated next within brackets. See List of Abbreviations.

c29.s5.5

Literary and inscriptional citations and further discussions on the etymology of the loanwords will be found in the Commentary on the respective entries indicated by the Reference Numbers.

c29.s5.6

See Etymological Index: Doubtful Items (Appendix VI) for etyma whose derivation from Dr. or IA is in doubt. See also section 3.3 (Indo-Aryan element) in Chapter 3.

c29.s5.7

**Reference Numbers** (as in the Commentary) of words and segments are given in col. 2.

c29.s5.8

| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF. NO. | INSCRL. PKT. | PĀLI | AMg. | SKT. |
| ***attiran*** (N.) (cf. LT *attiri*) | 24.3 | | | | *atri* (?) |
| ***attu-*** (*atta-*) (n.) | 60.6.a | *atha*, *attham* | *attha* | *attha* | *artha* |
| ***(a)ttu*** (v.) | 115.1.b | | *atthu* | *atthu* | *astu* |
| ***atikaṉ*** (n.) | 40.1.b | *adhika*; *adika* (Sinh. Pkt.) | *adhika* | *adhiga* | *adhika*, *adhyakṣa* |
| ***itika-*** (*atika-*) | 3.6.b | | | | |

c29.s5.9

| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF. NO. | INSCRL. PKT. | PĀLI | AMg. | SKT. |
| **atiṭṭāṇam** (n.) | 63.6, 68.1, 69.4, 70.3 | adhiṭhāna | adhiṭṭhāna | ahiṭṭhāṇa | adhiṣhṭhāna |
| **ataṭ-aṇam** | 50.3 | | | | |
| **atiṭ-aṇam** | 49.8 | | | | |
| **atiṭṭāṇṇam** | 64.1 | | | | |
| **atiṭāṇam** | 66.5, 76.7 | | | | |
| **amaṇan** (n.) (cf. LT **camaṇan**) | 24.1 | samaṇa | samaṇa | samaṇa | śramaṇa |
| **amaṇṇan** | 61.2, 62.2 | | | | |
| **aritaṇ** (N.) | 5.1.b | harīta, hārita | hārita | hāria | harita, hārita, hārīta |
| **ar-itan** | 8.2 | | | | |
| **ar-iytaṇ** | 18.2 | | | | |
| **āritaṇ** | 60.5 | | | | |
| **ariti** (N.) | 34.2 | hariti, haritī, hāriti, hāritī | | hāritī | |
| **ariyti** | 25.1.b | | | | |
| **aṇacaṇa(m)** (n.) | 116.2 | | anasana | aṇaṣaṇa | anaśana |
| **asutan (assutan)** (N.) | 3.7.b | | assuta | assuda | a-śruta |
| **[ā]cāri[ya]r** (n.) | 115.4 | acariya, acariya, acāryya; aciriya (Sinh.Pkt.) | ācariya, ācariyaka | ācariya | ācārya |
| **ācirikaru** (cf.LT **āciriyar**) | 116.5 | | | | |
| **āci** (n.) (cf. LT **ācu**) | 73.6 | | cf. āsaya | āsi | < ā-śri |
| **āyca- (āycca-)** (N.) | 55.5.a | ādita, ādica | ādicca | āicca | āditya |

c29.s5.10

| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF. NO. | INSCRL. PKT. | PĀLI | AMg. | SKT. |
| **ārātaṇi** (n.) (cf. LT **ārātaṇai**) | 115.6 | | ārādhana | ārāhaṇa | ārādhana, ārādhanā |
| **irācar** (n.) | 111.1 | rāja, rājā, rājan, rāyan; rajha (Sinh. Pkt.) | rājā | rāya | rājan |
| **irāvatag** (N.) | 26.1.b | | | | irāvat, airāvata |
| **iva-** (n.) (cf. LT **ipam**) | 60.1.a | | ibha | iha | ibha |
| **utayaṇa-** (N.) (cf. LT **utayaṇaṇ**) | 24.5 | | udayana | udayaṇa | udayana |
| **upaca-aṇ** (**upaccaṇ**) (n.) | 10.1, 11.3 | | | | |
| **upacaṇ** (**upaccaṇ**) (cf. LT **uvaccaṇ**, **ōccaṇ**; cf. Ka. inscr. **uvajjar**) | 9.1 | upajjhaya, uvajha | upajjha, upajjhāya | uvajjhaya,uvajhāya, uvajjhāya, ōjjhāya | upādhyāya |
| **kaccavaṇu** (**kaccavaṇu**) (N.) | 119.2.a | kasapa, kassapa, kassava, kāsapa; kasaba (Sinh. Pkt.) | kassapa; kacchapa | kassava, kāsava | kaśyapa,kāśyapa; kacchapa |
| **kasapaṇ** (**kassapaṇ**) | 45.2 | | | | |
| **kāyvaṇ** (**kāyivaṇ**) | 104.2 | | | | |
| **kāyapaṇ** | 61.4.b, 62.4.b, 63.2.b | | | | |
| **kāyipaṇ** | 60.7.b, 76.1.b | | | | |
| **kāsipaṇ** | 14.1.b | | | | |
| **kañcaṇaṃ** (n.) | 14.3.b | | kañcana | kamcaṇa | kāñcana(?) |
| **kaṭikai** (n.) | 88.3 | | ghaṭa | ghaḍī, ghaḍiā | ghaṭ, ghaṭā, ghaṭikā |

c29.s5.11

| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF. NO. | INSCRL. PKT. | PĀLI | AMg. | SKT. |
| **kaņa ¹- (kaņņa-)** (N.) | 84.4.c | kaņha, kanha; kaņa (Sinh. Pkt.) | kaņņa (or) kaņha | kaņņa (or) kaņha | karņa (or) kŗşhņa |
| **kaņa ²-** (n.) (cf. LT karņam) | 40.1.a | kaņa (Sinh. Pkt.) | | | karaņa |
| **kaņaka- (kaņakka-)** (n.) | 40.2 | gaņaka (Sinh. Pkt.) | gaņaka | gaņaga | gaņaka |
| **kaņi ¹** (n.) | 1.1, 2.1, 3.1, 4.1, 48.1, 48.3 | gaņi | gaņi (gaņin) | gaņi | gaņi (gaņin) |
| **kaņi ²-** (N.) | 73.1.a | | | | -gaņi, gaņya |
| **kanti** (n.) (fem.) (cf. Ka. inscr. ganti) | 83.2.b, 83.4.b | | ganthika | gamthi | granthin |
| **kavuţi** (N.) (fem.) (cf. Ka. gavuḍi) | 49.4 | | | gāma-uḍa | grāma-kūţaka |
| **kāviti** (n.) (cf. inscr. kaviti, kāvati) | 3.5, 52.2.a | gahapati; gapati, gapiti (Sinh. Pkt.) | gahapati | gahava-i | gŗhapati |
| **kucalaŋ** (N.) | 108.2 | | kusala | kusala | kuśala |
| **kuţumpikaŋ** (n.) (cf.LT kuţumpiyan) | 55.2.b | kuţumbika; kuţubika (Sinh.Pkt.) | kuţumbika | kuḍumbiya | kuţumbika |
| **kuviraŋ** (N.) | 21.2, 22.1.b | kupira, kubēra; kubira (Sinh. Pkt.) | kuvēra | kubēra, kuvēra | kubēra, kuvēra |
| **kuvira-** | 23.1, 31.1.a, 32.1.a | | | | |
| **kōpaŋ** (N.) | 84.4.b | gōpa | gōpa | gōva | gōpa |
| **catti** (N.) | 119.2.b | satti | satti | satti | śakti |
| **cantira-** (N.) | 116.4.a | | | | candra |
| **cāttaŋ** (N.) | 85.4.b, 105.2, 121.2.b | sattha, sātha | sattha, sāttha | sattha | sārtha |
| **cāttāŋ (cāttaŋ)** | 74.2.b | | | | |
| **cātaŋ (cāttaŋ)** | 55.5.d | | | | |

c29.s5.12

| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF. NO. | INSCRL. PKT. | PĀLI | AMg. | SKT. |
| **caiy-alaṇ (caiyaḷaṇ) (N.)** (cf. LT *caiyam*) | 57.2 | cf. *sīhila* (or) *sahya* | cf. *sēhala* | cf. *sīhala*, *simhala* | *saimhala* < *simhala*; *saimhaḷaka* (inscr.); (or) *saimha* < *simha*; (or) *sahya* (mountain) |
| **tāra- (n.)** | 44.2.a | | *dhārā* (or) *darī* | *dhārā* (or) *dāra* | *dhārā* (or) *dāra* |
| **tāṇa (n.)** | 19.4, 20.4, 23.2, 28.2, 31.3, 32.2, 33.2 | *dānaṁ*, *dāna*; *dana* (Sinh. Pkt.) | *dāna* | *daṇa* | *dāna* |
| **tiyaṇ (N.)** | 47.1.a | *tisa*; *tiśa* (Sinh. Pkt.) | *tissa* | *tissa* | *tishya* |
| **tēvaṇ (N.)** | 84.4.d, 85.4.a | *dēva* | *dēva* | *dēva* | *dēva* |
| **nakkaṇ (N.)** | 103.1 | | *nagga* | *ṇagga* | *nagna* |
| **nanta- (N.)** **nataṇ** | 1.2.a, 2.2.a 17.1.b, 44.1.c, 48.4 | *namda*, *nada* | *nanda* | *ṇamda* | *nanda* |
| **nata-** | 3.2.a | | | | |
| **nanti (N.)** | 116.4.b | *namdi*, *nandi* | *nandi*, *nandin* | *ṇamdi* | *nandi*, *nandin* |
| **ṇanti** | 115.3.b | | | | |
| **natti** | 4.2, 69.3 | | | | |
| **namō (n.)** | 115.1.a | *namō* | *namō* | *ṇamō* | *namas*, *namō* |
| **nikama- (n.)** | 3.4 | *nigama* | *nigama* | *ṇigama* | *nigama* |
| **nikamatōr** **(nikamattōr)** | 6.2 | *nēgama*, *nēkama* | *nēgama* | *ṇēgama* | *naigama* |

c29.s5.13

| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF. NO. | INSCRL. PKT. | PĀLI | AMg. | SKT. |
| nīcitikai (n.) (cf.Ka. inscr. nisīdige) | 115.9, 116.6 | nishidiyā, nisidiyā, nisīdīyā | cf. nisīdana | ņisīhiyā | niṣad (ni-sad) > niṣhadyā |
| pataṉtaṉ (n.) | 60.3 | bhadanta, bhadamta, bhadata | bhadanta | bhadaṁta, bhayaṁta | bhadanta |
| pamitti (pammi-tt-i) (n.) (fem.) (cf. LT pammai) | 41.3 | bamiṁmaṇī | brāhmaṇī | bambhī, bambhaṇī | brāhmī, brāhmaṇī |
| pāṇita- (n.) | 42.1.a | | phāṇita | phāṇia | phāṇita |
| pikaṉ (pikkaṉ) (N.) (cf. LT pikkam) | 20.1.b | | | | pikka |
| puta- (putta-) (n.) | 80.1.b | puta | putta | putta | putra |
| putō (puttō) | 59.1.b | | (nominative puttō) | | |
| pūti (N.) | 81.2.a | bhuti, bhūti; buti (Sinh. Pkt.) | bhūti | bhūi | bhūti |
| māṇākkar (n.) | 115.5 | māṇavakō | māṇava, māṇavaka | | māṇavaka |
| māraya- (mārāya-) | 54.1 | mahārāja, maharaya; maharajha (Sinh. Pkt.) | mahārāja | mahārāya | mahārāja |
| mitā (mittā) (N.) (fem.) | 41.1.b | mitā; -mita (Sinh. Pkt.) | -mittā | -mittā | -mitrā |
| mōṉala(ṉ) (N.) (cf. Ka. inscr. mōnala-) | 121.2.a | | mōna | mōṇa | mauna, maunya |
| va[c/ca- (N.) | 115.3.a | vajja, vaccha; vaca (Sinh. Pkt.) | vajira (or) vatsa | vajja (or) vaccha | vajra (or) vatsa |
| vaṇikaṉ (n.) | 43.1.b, 46.2.b | vaṇija, vaṇija, vāṇiya; vaṇijha (Sinh. Pkt.) | vāṇija | vaṇija, vaṇiya | vaṇik |
| vāṇikaṉ | 39.1.b, 42.1.b, 69.2.b | | | | |
| vāṇṇikaṉ | 70.1.c | | | | |

c29.s5.14

| ETYMA (IN THE CORPUS) | REF. NO. | INSCRL. PKT. | PĀLI | AMg. | SKT. |
| **vāyi** (n.) | 60.6.b | cf. *vācaka, vāyaka* | *vācī* (or) *vādin* | *vāyī* | *vācin* (or) *vādin* |
| **vintai** (n.) | 57.1.a | | *vind* (v.) | *viṁd* (v.) | *vid* (*vind*) (v.) (or) *vindhya* |
| **viyakkaṇ** (N.) (cf. LT *viyākaṉ*) | 84.4.a | *visaka, visaga; viśaka, vihaka* (Sinh. Pkt.) | *visākha* | *visāha, visāhā,* | *viśākhā, viśākha-* |
| **viyakaṇ** | 39.2 | | | | |
| **vīra-** (*vīra*-) (N.) | 79.1.c, 81.2.b | *vira, vīra* | *vīra* | *vīra* | *vīra* |
| [*v*]**isuvaṇ** (*vissuvaṇ*) (N.) (cf. LT *viccuvaṉ*) | 27.2.b | *visa-, vesa-; vesa* (Sinh. Pkt.) | *vissa, vessa* | *vissa, vessa, visuva, vissua* | *viśva* > *vaiśva* (or) *vaiśya* |
| **vesaṇ** (*vessaṇ*) (N.) | 50.2 | | | | |
| **dhammam** (n.) | 1.3 | *dharṁma, dhama; dama* (Sinh. Pkt.) | *dhamma* | *dhamma* | *dharma* |
| **dhamam** | 2.3 | | | | |
| **tanma**[*ṇ*] (N.) | 45.1 | | | | |
| **sapa-** (*sappa*-) (N.) | 41.1.a | *sapa* | *sappa* | *sappa* | *sarpa* |
| **sālakaṇ** (n.) (cf. LT *cakalaṉ, cālakaṉ*) | 2.6 | | *sālaka* | *sāla* | *syālaka* |
| **siri** (n.) | 1.2.b, 2.2.b, 3.2.b | *siri-, -siri; śiri-* (Sinh. Pkt.) | *siri, sirī* | *siri, sirī* | *śrī* |

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