Pramāṇa · Search · About · API

The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediaeval India c6: Part II. Modern Names

The Geographical Dictionary of Ancient and Mediaeval India c6

Language
English

Contents

Part II. Modern Names

A

c6.s1.1

Abu—Arbuda parvata, a detached mount of the Aravalli range, in the Sirohi State of Rajputana It was the hermitage of Rishi Vasishtha It is also one of the five hills sacred to the Jainas, containing the temples of Rishabhanâth or Âdinâth, the first Tirthankara, and Neminâth, the twenty second Tirthankara

c6.s1.2

Achchhâvat—Achchhoda sarovara in Kâsmîr, six miles from Mârttanda or modern Martan or Bhavan, described by Bânabhatta in the Kâdambarî The Siddhasrama was situated on the bank of this lake

c6.s1.3

Adam's Bridge—Setubandha, between India and Ceylon, said to have been constructed by Râmachandra with the assistance of Sugriva for crossing over to Lankâ

c6.s1.4

Adam's Peak—1 Rohana 2 Sumana kuta 3 Samantakûta 4 Deva kûta 5 Subhakuta, in Ceylon

c6.s1.5

Adinzai—The Sarpaushadhı vihâra, situated in the Adinzai valley in Buner near the Fort Chakdarra on the north of the Swat river It was visited by Hiuen Tsiang

c6.s1.6

Afghanistan—1 Kâmboja 2 Kâofu (Kambu) of Hiuen Tsiang 3 Loha of the Mahâbhârata 4 Rohı 5 Âvagâna 6 Aupaga 7 Apaga

c6.s1.7

Agastipuri—Agastya âsrama, the hermitage of Rishi Agastya, twenty four miles to the south east of Nasik

c6.s1.8

Agra—Agravana, one of the vanas of Braja mandala

c6.s1.9

Ahâr—Twenty one miles north east of Bulandshahar, on the right bank of the Ganges Traditionally it is the place where Parikshita of the Mahâbhârata died of snake bite, and where his son Janamejaya performed the snake sacrifice (Growse's Bulandshahar), but according to the Mahâbhârata (Svargârohanika, ch 5), the snake sacrifice was performed at Takshasilâ

c6.s1.10

Ahiari—1 Gautama âsrama, 2 Ahalyâsthâna, in pargana Jarail, twenty four miles to the south west of Janakpur in Tirhut It was the hermitage of Rishi Gautama, where Indra ravished his wife Ahalyâ

c6.s1.11

Ahmedabad—1 Âsâwal 2 Yessaval 3 Karnavati 4 Srînagar 5 Râjanagara 6 Âsâpalli, in Guzerat, on the river Sâbarmatî

c6.s1.12

Ahmednagar—Bingar, seventy one miles from Poona

c6.s1.13

Aihole—Âryapura or Âyyavole, the western capital of the Chalukyas in the 7th and 8th centuries A D, in the Bâdâmi Tâluk of the Bijâpur district

c6.s1.14

Airwa—1 Âlavı of the Buddhists 2 Âlabhı of the Jainas 3 Âlambhika of the Kalpasutra, twenty seven miles north east of Itawa in the United Provinces, where Buddha passed his sixteenth Vassa But see Nawal

c6.s1.15

Ajaya—The river Ajamati in Bengal

c6.s1.16

Ajunta—Achinta about fifty five miles to the north east of Ellora in Central India In the Achinta monastery resided Ârya Asanga, the founder of the Yogachâra school of the Buddhists It is celebrated for its caves and vihâras, which belong to the fifth and sixth centuries of the Christian era

c6.s1.17

Akolhâ—Agastya âsrama, situated to the east of Nasik on the Godâvarı

c6.s1.18

Akshu—I 1 Asma of the Râmâyana (Uttara, ch 23) 2 Oxiana of the Greeks 3 Patâlapura (see my Rasatala in the I H Q vols I & II), on the river Oxus in Sogdiana on the north II Same as river Vaksh 1 Okos or Ochus of the Greeks 2 Vakshu of Matsya P (ch 101, see Sabdalalpadruma) 3 Vamkshu of Bhâgavata (V, ch 17), a tributary of the Oxus in Sogdiana, from which the river Oxus has derived its name (JBBRAS, XXIV, p 520)

c6.s1.19

Albania—Alamba of the *Mbh.*, (Âdi, ch. 29) on the western side of the Caspean Sea, now called Shirwan (see my *Rasâtala* in the *I.H.Q.*, vols. I & II).

c6.s1.20

Aligarh—Koel.

c6.s1.21

Allahabad—1. Prayâga. 2. Bharadvâja-âśrama, the hermitage of Ṛishi Bharadvâja. 3. Bhâshkara-kshetra. The celebrated Akshaya-Baṭa (the undecaying banian tree) was seen by Hiuen Tsiang in the seventh century.

c6.s1.22

Almora—Binâ in Kumaun.

c6.s1.23

Alopî—The temple of Alopî is situated at Allahabad; it is one of the 52 Pîṭhas. It is the ancient Prajâpativedî of the *Mahâbhârata*, a celebrated place of pilgrimage.

c6.s1.24

Alwar—Matsya-deśa, the kingdom of Râjâ Virâṭa of the *Mahâbhârata*. The Alwar state formerly appertained to the territory of Jaipur. There is still a town called Machheri in this state which is a corruption of Matsya. The capital of Matsya-deśa was Virâṭa, now called Bairâṭ, forty-one miles to the north of Jaipur and one hundred and five miles to the south-west of Delhi. General Cunningham supposes that Alwar is a corruption of Śâlvapura. See Jaipur. But at the time of the *Mahâbhârata*, Alwar was called Saubhanagara or Śâlvanagara, the capital of the country called Mârttikâvata, the kingdom of Râjâ Śâlva who was killed by Kṛishṇa. See Mârta.

c6.s1.25

Amarakaṇṭaka—Baṃśagulma, at the source of the river Nerbuda in the Amarakaṇṭaka mountain.

c6.s1.26

Amarakaṇṭaka Mountain—1. The Mekala mountain. 2. The Soma-Parvata. 3. Âmrakûṭa-Parvata. 4. Surathâdri, in which the river Nerbuda has got its source.

c6.s1.27

Amaranâth—The celebrated temple of Amaranâtha is situated in a natural grotto in the Bhairava-ghâṭi range of the Himalaya in Kâsmir. The grotto is said to be full of wonderful congelations, where a curious block of ice, stalagmite, which periodically dissolves and reforms, is worshipped as Śiva Amaranâtha.

c6.s1.28

Amarâvatî—1. The Dipaldinne or Diamond sands of the *Daladâvaṃśa*. 2. Pûrvaśaila-Saṅghârâma of Hiuen Tsiang. 3. Dhanakaṭaka. 4. Dhamnakaṭaka. 5. Dhânyakaṭaka. 6. Dhânyavatipura. 7. Dharmakoṭa. 8. Dhanakakoṭa. 9. Sudhanyakataka has been identified with Dharaṇîkoṭa, one mile to the east of Amarâvatî in the Kistna district, Madras Presidency. It was the capital of Andhra. The Buddhist saint Bhâvaviveka resided here awaiting the advent of Maitreya Buddha.

c6.s1.29

Ambarnâth—Ambaranâtha tîrtha in the Thâna district, Bombay (*Antiquarian Remains in the Bombay Presidency*, VIII, p. 110).

c6.s1.30

Âmer—Ambara, the ancient capital of Jaipur, which was called Dhundhra. The capital was removed to Jaipur in 1728 A.D. by Siwai Jai Singh.

c6.s1.31

Ami—One of the 51 or 52 Pîṭhas, eleven miles to the east of Chhapra in the province of Bihar.

c6.s1.32

Amin—1. Abhimanyu-khera. 2. Chakrabyûha of the *Mahâbhârata*, where Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna, was killed at the celebrated battle of Kurukshetra. It was included in Kurukshetra.

c6.s1.33

Amran Mountains—Pâshâṇa Parvata on the west of Pishin (Pâshâṇa) valley in southern Afghanistan.

c6.s1.34

Amritasar—Râmadâsapura in the Punjab.

c6.s1.35

Anagaṇḍi—Koṅkaṇapura, the capital of Koṅkaṇa, on the northern bank of the Tuṅgabhadra river.

c6.s1.36

Anagaṇḍi Hill—See Sphaṭika-śilâ.

c6.s1.37

Anantapur—I. 1. The Pañchâpsara Tîrtha. 2. Pañcha-tîrtha. 3. Phâlguna, in the Madras Presidency, fifty-six miles to the south-east of Bellari; it was visited by Arjuna and Balarâma. II. 1. Ananta-śayana. 2. Ananta-Padmanâbha, a quarter of Trivandrum in Travancore where the temple of Ananta Padmanâbha is situated. Same as Padmanâbhapura.

c6.s1.38

Andhela—The river Andha, the Andomatis of Arrian; same as Chândan.

c6.s1.39

Ankola—A place of pilgrimage in the Baroach district, Bombay Presidency (Matsya P., ch. 190).

c6.s1.40

Anurâdhâpur—Anurâdhapura, the ancient capital of Ceylon.

c6.s1.41

Aornos—Varuṇapura (Râmâyaṇa, Uttara, ch. 23) in Baktriana (McCrindle’s Invasion of India by Alexander the Great, p. 39).

c6.s1.42

Arabia—1. Banâyu, but the identification is doubtful. 2. Âraba.

c6.s1.43

Arabutt—Orobatis of Alexander’s historians, on the left bank of the Landai near Naoshera, west of Peukelaotis.

c6.s1.44

Arakan—Karkoṭakanagara.

c6.s1.45

Arâura—Sobhâvatînagara, in the Nepalese Terai, the birth-place of Buddha Kaṇakamuni.

c6.s1.46

Arâvali—1. Arbuda-parvata. 2. Âdarsâvali, in Rajputana, its branches terminate at the north of Delhi. The Aravali range was included in Pâripâtra or Pârijâtra.

c6.s1.47

Arcot—Shadâraṇya.

c6.s1.48

Argesan—The river—1. Mahatnu. 2. Mehatnu of the Rig-Veda in Afghanistan, which joins the Gomatî or Gomal river.

c6.s1.49

Armenia—Râmanîyaka-dvîpa of the Mbh., (Âdi, ch. 26); see my Rasâtala in the I.H.Q., vols. I & II.

c6.s1.50

Arrah—Ârâmanagara, in the district of Shahabad in Bihar.

c6.s1.51

Aruṇâ—One of the seven Kosis; it still retains its old name.

c6.s1.52

Âsergar—1. Âser. 2. Asvathamâ-giri, 11 miles north of Burhanpur in the Central Provinces, mentioned in the Pṛithvirâj Râso.

c6.s1.53

Ashtâbakra Nadî—The river Samaûga, a small river which flows by the side of Raila, ten miles from Hardwar.

c6.s1.54

Assam—Kâmarupa; its capital was Prâgjyotishapura.

c6.s1.55

Assia Range—Chatush-pîṭha Parvata, in the district of Kaṭak in Orissa. Udayagiri is a spur of this range, five miles from Bhuvanesvara, containing many Buddhist sculptures of a very ancient date. The Khaṇḍa-giri is a part of this range, it is four miles north-west of Bhuvanesvara. The Udayagiri contains a noor or palace of Râjâ Lalâṭendu Kesari, inhabited by his Râṇî.

c6.s1.56

Assyria—Sâlmala-dvîpa or Chaldia.

c6.s1.57

Âtrai—The river Âtreyî, in the district of Dinajpur in Bengal.

c6.s1.58

Atrek—1. The river Hiraṇya of the Mahâbhârata. 2. The Hâṭaka of the Purâṇas. 3. The Sarnium of the classical Greeks, in Sâkadvîpa or Scythia (Turkestan); it falls into the Caspian Sea; it divided Hyrcania, the country of the Daityas and Dânavas from the Trans-Caspian District, the country of the Suparṇas or Garuḍas.

c6.s1.59

Aumi—It has been identified by Cunningham with the river Anomâ (Anamala) in the district of Gorakhpur, which was crossed by Buddha, after he left his father’s palace, at a place now called Chandâoli on the eastern bank of the river, whence Chhandaka returned with Buddha’s horse Kaṇṭhaka to Kapilavastu. But Führer identifies the river Anomâ with the Kuḍâwâ Nadî in the Basti district in Oudh.

c6.s1.60

Aurangabad—1. Janasthâna of the Râmâyaṇa. 2. Kharki of the Muhammadan historians.

c6.s1.61

Aundha—Dârukâvana, 25 miles north-east of Parbhani in Nizam’s territory, containing one of the twelve Jyotirliṅgas.

c6.s1.62

Aurangabad Hills—Prasravaṇagiri, situated on the bank of the Godâvarî, graphically described by Bhavabhûti in the Uttara-Râmacharita. In one of the peaks of the hills dwelt Jaṭâyu of the Râmâyaṇa.

c6.s1.63

Avani—Âvantika-kshetra, a sacred place in the Kolâr district in Mysore.

c6.s1.64

Ayuk-Nadî—The Apagâ river, to the west of the Râvi in the Punjab.

c6.s1.65

Albania—Alamba of the *Mbh.*, (Âdi, ch. 29) on the western side of the Caspean Sea, now called Shirwan (see my *Rasâtala* in the *I.H.Q.*, vols. I & II).

c6.s1.66

Aligarh—Koel.

c6.s1.67

Allahabad—1. Prayâga. 2. Bharadvâja-âśrama, the hermitage of Ṛishi Bharadvâja. 3. Bhâshkara-kshetra. The celebrated Akshaya-Baṭa (the undecaying banian tree) was seen by Hiuen Tsiang in the seventh century.

c6.s1.68

Almora—Bînâ in Kumaun.

c6.s1.69

Alopî—The temple of Alopî is situated at Allahabad; it is one of the 52 Pîṭhas. It is the ancient Prajâpativedî of the *Mahâbhârata*, a celebrated place of pilgrimage.

c6.s1.70

Alwar—Matsya-deśa, the kingdom of Râjâ Virâṭa of the *Mahâbhârata*. The Alwar state formerly appertained to the territory of Jaipur. There is still a town called Machheri in this state which is a corruption of Matsya. The capital of Matsya-deśa was Virâṭa, now called Bairâṭ, forty-one miles to the north of Jaipur and one hundred and five miles to the south-west of Delhi. General Cunningham supposes that Alwar is a corruption of Śâlvapura. See Jaipur. But at the time of the *Mahâbhârata*, Alwar was called Saubhanagara or Śâlvanagara, the capital of the country called Mârttikâvata, the kingdom of Râjâ Śâlva who was killed by Kṛishṇa. See Mârta.

c6.s1.71

Amarakaṇṭaka—Baṃśagulma, at the source of the river Nerbuda in the Amarakaṇṭaka mountain.

c6.s1.72

Amarakaṇṭaka Mountain—1. The Mekala mountain. 2. The Soma-Parvata. 3. Âmra-kûṭa-Parvata. 4. Surathâdri, in which the river Nerbuda has got its source.

c6.s1.73

Amaranâth—The celebrated temple of Amaranâth is situated in a natural grotto in the Bhairava-ghâṭi range of the Himalaya in Kâśmir. The grotto is said to be full of wonderful congelations, where a curious block of ice, stalagmite, which periodically dissolves and reforms, is worshipped as Śiva Amaranâtha.

c6.s1.74

Amarâvatî—1. The Dipaldinne or Diamond sands of the *Daladâvaṃśa*. 2. Pûrvaśaila-Saṅghârâma of Hiuen Tsiang. 3. Dhanakaṭaka. 4. Dhamnakaṭaka. 5. Dhânyakaṭaka. 6. Dhânyavatipura. 7. Dharmakoṭa. 8. Dhanakoṭa. 9. Sudhanyakaṭaka has been identified with Dharaṇikoṭa, one mile to the east of Amarâvatî in the Kistna district, Madras Presidency. It was the capital of Andhra. The Buddhist saint Bhâvaviveka resided here awaiting the advent of Maitreya Buddha.

c6.s1.75

Ambarnâth—Ambaranâtha tîrtha in the Thâna district, Bombay (*Antiquarian Remains in the Bombay Presidency*, VIII, p. 110).

c6.s1.76

Âmer—Ambara, the ancient capital of Jaipur, which was called Dhundhra. The capital was removed to Jaipur in 1728 A.D. by Siwai Jai Singh.

c6.s1.77

Ami—One of the 51 or 52 Pîṭhas, eleven miles to the east of Chhapra in the province of Bihar.

c6.s1.78

Amin—1. Abhimanyu-khera. 2. Chakrabyûha of the *Mahâbhârata*, where Abhimanyu, son of Arjuna, was killed at the celebrated battle of Kurukshetra. It was included in Kurukshetra.

c6.s1.79

Amran Mountains—Pâshâṇa Parvata on the west of Pishin (Pâshâṇa) valley in southern Afghanistan.

c6.s1.80

Amritasar—Râmadâsapura in the Punjab.

c6.s1.81

Anagaṇḍi—Koṅkaṇapura, the capital of Koṅkaṇa, on the northern bank of the Tuṅgabhadra river.

c6.s1.82

Anagaṇḍi Hill—See Sphaṭika-śilâ.

c6.s1.83

Anantapur—I. 1. The Pañchâpsara Tîrtha. 2. Pañcha-tîrtha. 3. Phâlguna, in the Madras Presidency, fifty-six miles to the south-east of Bellari; it was visited by Arjuna and Balarâma. II. 1. Ananta-śayana. 2. Ananta-Paḍmanâbha, a quarter of Trivandrum in Travancore where the temple of Ananta Paḍmanâbha is situated. Same as Paḍmanâbhapura.

c6.s1.84

Andhela—The river Andha, the Andomatis of Arrian; same as Chândan. Aṅkola—A place of pilgrimage in the Baroach district, Bombay Presidency (*Matsya P.*, ch. 190). Anurâdhâpur—Anurâdhapura, the ancient capital of Ceylon. Aornos—Varuṇapura (*Râmâyaṇa*, Uttara, ch. 23) in Baktriana (McCrindle’s *Invasion of India by Alexander the Great*, p. 39). Arabia—1. Baṇâyu, but the identification is doubtful. 2. Araba. Arabutt—Orobatis of Alexander’s historians, on the left bank of the Landai near Naoshera, west of Peukelaotis. Arakan—Karkoṭakanagara. Arâura—Sobhâvatinagara, in the Nepalese Terai, the birth-place of Buddha Kaṇakamuni. Arâvali—1. Arbuda-parvata. 2. Âdarsâvali, in Rajputana, its branches terminate at the north of Delhi. The Aravali range was included in Pâripâtra or Pârijâtra. Arcot—Shadâraṇya. Argesan—The river—1. Mahatnu. 2. Mehatnu of the *Ṛig-Veda* in Afghanistan, which joins the Gomatî or Gomal river. Armenia—Râmaṇiyaka-dvîpa of the *Mbh.*, (Âdi, ch. 26); see my Rasâtala in the *I.H.Q.*, vols. I & II. Arrah—Ârâmanagara, in the district of Shahabad in Bihar. Aruṇâ—One of the seven Kosis; it still retains its old name. Âsergar—1. Âser. 2. Âsvathamâ-giri, 11 miles north of Burhanpur in the Central Provinces, mentioned in the *Pṛithvirâj Râso*. Aṣṭâbakra Nadî—The river Samaṅga, a small river which flows by the side of Raila, ten miles from Hardwar. Assam—Kâmarupa; its capital was Prâgjyotishapura. Assia Range—Chatush-pîṭha Parvata, in the district of Kaṭak in Orissa. Udayagiri is a spur of this range, five miles from Bhuvaneśvara, containing many Buddhist sculptures of a very ancient date. The Khaṇḍa-giri is a part of this range, it is four miles north-west of Bhuvaneśvara. The Udayagiri contains a noor or palace of Râjâ Lalâṭendu Kesari, inhabited by his Râṇî. Assyria—Sâlmala-dvîpa or Chaldia. Atral—The river Âtreyî, in the district of Dinajpur in Bengal. Atrek—1. The river Hiraṇya of the Mahâbhârata. 2. The Hâṭaka of the Purâṇas. 3. The Sarnium of the classical Greeks, in Śâkadvîpa or Scythia (Turkestan); it falls into the Caspian Sea; it divided Hyrcania, the country of the Daityas and Dânavas from the Trans-Caspian District, the country of the Suparṇas or Garuḍas. Aumi—It has been identified by Cunningham with the river Anomâ (Anamala) in the district of Gorakhpur, which was crossed by Buddha, after he left his father’s palace, at a place now called Chanḍaoli on the eastern bank of the river, whence Chhandaka returned with Buddha’s horse Kaṇṭhaka to Kapilavastu. But Führer identifies the river Anomâ with the Kuḍâwâ Nadî in the Basti district in Oudh. Aurangabad—1. Janasthâna of the *Râmâyaṇa*. 2. Kharki of the Muhammadan historians. Aundha—Dârukâvana, 25 miles north-east of Parbhani in Nizam’s territory, containing one of the twelve Jyotirliṅgas. Aurangabad Hills—Prasravaṇagiri, situated on the bank of the Godâvarî, graphically described by Bhavabhûti in the *Uttara-Râmacharita*. In one of the peaks of the hills dwelt Jaṭâyu of the *Râmâyaṇa*. Avani—Âvantika-kshetra, a sacred place in the Kolâr district in Mysore. Ayuk-Nadî—The Apagâ river, to the west of the Râvi in the Punjab.

c6.s1.85

Azerbijan—1. Airyanam-vejo of the Avesta. 2. Perhaps Arya of the Rig-Veda, (VIII, 51, 9). 3. Madra or Uttara-Madra of the Puranas. 4. Media. 5. Ariana, of the classical writers in Persia. It is supposed to be the ancient home of the Aryans (Arya-rija).

c6.s1.86

B.

c6.s1.87

Babla—The river Dvarikesvari, which falls into the Ganges near Bishnupura in Bengal. Babylon—1. Baveru of the Buddhist Jatakas. 2. Bamri of the Rig-Veda. 3. Bibhavari of the Bhagavata (III, ch. 17) situated at Patala (see my Rasatala in the I. H. Q., vols. I & II). Badami—Batapipura, the ancient capital of Maharastra, situated near the river Malaprabha, a branch of the Krishna in the Bijapur district, Bombay Presidency. It was the capital of Pulakesi I in the sixth century A.D. Badanagara—1. Chamatkarapura. 2. Nagara. 3. Anarttapura, in the Ahmedabad district of Guzerat. Same as Barnagar. Badku—See Baku. Badrinath—Badarikasrama, on the bank of the Bishen-ganga (Alakananda) in Garwal. It was the hermitage of Vyasa, the author of the Mahabharata. It contains the celebrated temple of Nara-Narayana. Bagel-Khand—1. Bahela. 2. Karusha, in Central India Same as Rewa. Bagin—The river—1. Balubahini. 2. Bahini, a tributary of the Yamuna, in Bundelkhand. Bagmati—1. The river Bachmati. 2. The Bhagmati. 3. The Bhagavata of the Buddhists, in Nepal. Bagpat—Bhagaprastha, thirty miles to the west of Mirat, one of the five villages demanded by Yudhishthira from Duryodhana. Bagrason—Bhrigu-asrama in Balia, in the district of that name, United Provinces. Bahraich—The district of Bahraich in Oudh was the ancient Uttara-Kosala, the capital of which was Sravasti. Baibhara-Giri—Baihara-giri, one of the five hills of Rajgir in Bihar; Vebhara of the Buddhists. Baidyanath—I. 1. Chitabhumi. 2. Paralipura. 3. Harddapitha. 4. Ketakivana. 5. Haritakivana, containing the temple of Baidyanatha, one of the twelve great Lingas of Mahadeva. II. Karttikeyapura, in the district of Kumaun. III. Kiragrama, in the Punjab. Baiga—The river—1. Kritamala. 2. Begavati. 3. Bega. 4. Baihayasi, on which Madura (Dakshina Mathura) is situated, it rises in the Malaya Mountain. Bainateya Godavari—The Suparna, an offshoot of the Vasishtha-Godavari, which is the, most southerly branch of the Godavari. Baippar—Same as Bypar. Bairat—1. Birata. 2. Upaplavyanagara, 41 miles to the north of Jaipur, the capital of Matsyadesa. It was the capital of Virata Raja of the Mahabharata. Baita—The river Bedasruti in Oudh. Bika—The river Bakresvari, which flows through the district of Burdwan in Bengal, but see Babla. Bakhsh—Same as Akshu. Bakraur—Gandha-hasti stupa, on the Phalgu, opposite to Buddha-Gaya. It was visited by Hiuen Tsiang. Baku—A town on the west coast of the Caspian Sea, famous for the naphtha springs and mud volcanoes; it is also called Badku, the Sanskrit form of which is Badava, mentioned in the Puranas. It appears to have been a place of Hindu pilgrimage and was called Maha-jvalamukhi (Asiatic Resarches, vol. V, p. 41). Balaramapur—Ramgad-Gauda, twenty-eight miles north-east of Gonda in Oudh.

c6.s1.88

Ballā—1. Bhr̥igu-āśrama. 2. Bagrāsona, the hermitage of R̥ishi Bhr̥igu in the district of Balia in the United Provinces. 3. It was a part of Dharmāraṇya. At a short distance to the north-east corner of Balia, there is a tank called Dharmāraṇya-Pokhrā, and to the north and east of it there are traces of an ancient jaṅgal or scrubby forest. At Balia there is a temple dedicated to Bhr̥igu R̥ishi, containing the impressions of his feet. Ballgāmi—Dakshiṇa-Kedāra in Mysore, a celebrated place of pilgrimage.

c6.s1.89

Balkh—1. Bhogavatī of the Purāṇas, a corruption of Bakhdi of the Avesta. 2. Baktra of the Greeks. 3. Pātālapurī. 4. Bali-ālaya of the Rāmāyaṇa (Uttara, ch. 23). 5. Bali-sadma of the Amarakosha. 6. Bālhīka of the Bhavishya P. (Pratisarga Parva, pt. III, ch. 2, v. 11)—all derived from the Turkish word Balikh, which means the residence of a king (Vambery's History of Bokhara, p. 11; see my Rasātala in the I. H. Q., vols. I & II). 7. Tukhāra. 8. Tushāra.

c6.s1.90

Baltistan—Bolor; same as Little Tibet.

c6.s1.91

Balur—See Bolur.

c6.s1.92

Bamilapur—Same as Ballabhi.

c6.s1.93

Bamilapura—Same as Walā.

c6.s1.94

Baṃśadhārā—The river Baṃśadhārā, in Ganjam, on which Kaliṅgapatam is situated.

c6.s1.95

Bana Rājā's Gaḍ—1. Śoṇitapura. 2. Umāvana. 3. Devikoṭa, in Garwal, on the bank of the Kedār-Gaṅgā, about six miles from Uśāmaṭh and at a short distance from Gupta-kāśī, whence Aniruddha, the grandson of Kr̥ishṇa abducted Uśā, daughter of Rājā Vāna. See Kotalgad.

c6.s1.96

Banas—1. The river Parṇāśā which is supposed to be a corruption of Barṇāśā. 2. Biṇāśinī. 3. Sulochanā. 4. Suvahā, in Rajputana.

c6.s1.97

Bandair Range—The Kolāhala mountain of the Mahābhārata on the south-west of Bundelkhand (Chedi), near which the river Śuktimatī (modern Kane or Ken) has got its source.

c6.s1.98

Bandar-puchchha Range—The Hemakūṭa range of the Himalaya, in which the rivers Yamuna and Ganges have their sources.

c6.s1.99

Bāṅgālā—See Bengal.

c6.s1.100

Bannu—Baṇu of Pāṇini and Phalanu of Hiuen Tsiang, in the Punjab. Bannu perhaps is a corruption of Baṇāyu. The tribe of Baṇāyavas has been mentioned among the tribes of the north-western frontier of India (Padma Purāṇa, Svarga khaṇḍa (Ādi), ch. III).

c6.s1.101

Bāra bānkī—Jasnaul in Oudh, from Jas, a Rājā of the Bhar tribe, who is said to have founded it in the tenth century.

c6.s1.102

Barābar-Hill—Khalatika or Skhalatika Parvata, in the Jahanabad sub-division of the district of Gayā, containing caves of the time of Aśoka and Daśaratha. The Kāvā-ḍol hill is a part of this range.

c6.s1.103

Baradā—1. The river Bedavatī. 2. The Baradā, a tributary of the river Kr̥ishṇa, on which the town Banavāsī is situated.

c6.s1.104

Baragaon—Nālandā, seven miles north of Rājgir in the district of Patna. Nāgārjuna, the celebrated author of the Mādhyamika Sūtras, resided in the Nālandā monastery in the first or second century of the Christian era, making it the principal seat of Buddhist learning in eastern India.

c6.s1.105

Barāha-chhatra—Koli of the Buddhist annals, in the district of Basti in Oudh, which contained the residence of Suprabuddha, the father of Māyā Devī, the mother of Buddha. Vishnu is said to have incarnated here as the boar. It was also called Byāghrapura. See Basti.

c6.s1.106

Barāha-Kshetra—1. Kokāmukha. 2. Barāha-kshetra; in the district of Purnea in Bengal, on the Triveni above Nāthpur, sacred to Varāha, one of the incarnations of Vishnu. Same as Barāmula.

c6.s1.107

Barâkar—The river Ṛijupâlika near Giridih in the district of Hazaribagh, Behar and Orissa Province. Irimbhikagrâma was situated on this river; it was near Paresnath Hill, (Mrs. Sinclair Stevenson’s *Heart of Jainism*, p. 38).

c6.s1.108

Barâmula—1. Barâhamula. 2. Barâhakshetra, in Kasmir on the Jhelum, thirty-two miles to the south-west of Srinagar, where Viṣṇu is said to have incarnated as the boar.

c6.s1.109

Barhi—1. The Kukustâ. 2. Kakouthâ, a rivulet which flows into the Chhoṭa Gaṇḍak, 8 miles below Kasia.

c6.s1.110

Bâri-Doab—Between the Râvi and the Sutlej. It comprised the ancient country of Parvata.

c6.s1.111

Barinda—Barendra, a part of the district of Malda, in which Pâṇḍuâ (Puṇḍravardhana) is situated, it appertained to the ancient kingdom of Puṇḍra.

c6.s1.112

Barṇâ—The river—1. Baruâ. 2. Baraṇâ, in Benares.

c6.s1.113

Barnagar—1. Baḍapura. 2. Ânandapura of Hiuen Tsang, 117 miles to the north-west of Balabhî in Guzerat. Same as Baḍanagara.

c6.s1.114

Barṇâwa—Bâraṇâvata, nineteen miles north-west of Mirat, where an attempt was made by Duryodhana to burn the Pâṇḍavas.

c6.s1.115

Baroach—1. Bhṛigu-kshetra. 2. Bhṛigu-âśrama. 3. Bhṛigu-kachchha. 4. Bharu-kachhha. 5. Barygaza of the Greeks; it was the hermitage of Bhṛigu Ṛishi.

c6.s1.116

Baroda—1. Chandanavata. 2. Batapadrapura, in Gaekwar territory.

c6.s1.117

Barshân—1. Barsâṇa. 2. Bṛishabhânupura, in the district of Mathurâ, where Râdhikâ was brought up after her removal from Âshṭigrâma (now called Râval), her birth-place.

c6.s1.118

Bassein—1. Basyâ of the Kanheri inscriptions. 2. Basika. 3. Baisikya.

c6.s1.119

Basti—Koli, the kingdom of Buddha’s maternal grand-father Suprabuddha, forming a portion of the modern district of Basti in Oudh. See Barâha-chhatra.

c6.s1.120

Basudhârâ—The source of the Alakânandâ, about four miles to the north of Badrinâth, near the village Manâl.

c6.s1.121

Basukuṇḍa—Kuṇḍagâma of the Jainas, the Koṭigâma of the Buddhists, a suburb of Vaiśâlî, where Mahâvîra was born.

c6.s1.122

Bâthâni-Hill—1. The Goratha hill of the Mahâbhârata. 2. Godhana-giri, ascending which Bhîma, Arjuna and Kṛishṇa saw the beautiful capital of Jarâsandha, five or six miles to the west of old Râjagriha.

c6.s1.123

Bati—Same as Beyt Island.

c6.s1.124

Batrak—1. The river Betravati. 2. The Bṛitraghnî. 3. The Bârtraghnî, a branch of the Sâbhramatî (Sâbarmatî), in Guzerat.

c6.s1.125

Bavan—Mârttaṇḍa, about five miles north-east of Islamabad in Kasmir; it is the birth-place of the Sun-god. It contains the celebrated springs called Vimalâ and Kamalâ. It is also called Martan. Bavan is a corruption of Bhavan.

c6.s1.126

Bay of Bengal—Mahodadhi.

c6.s1.127

Beas—1. The river Bipâśâ. 2. The Arjikeya. 3. The Urañjirâ. 4. The Hypasis. 5. The Hypanis of the Greeks, in the Punjab.

c6.s1.128

Beder—1. Bidarbhapura. 2. Kuṇḍinanagara, in the Nizam’s territory; it was the ancient capital of Bidarbha.

c6.s1.129

Belgaum—1. Sugandhâvarti. 2. Saundatti. 3. Benugrâma, in the Bombay Presidency.

c6.s1.130

Bellari—Balahari, south of the river Tuṅgabhadrâ.

c6.s1.131

Beluchistan—Bâloksha.

c6.s1.132

Benares—1. Bârâṇasî. 2. Kâśî. 3. Abimukta. Kâśî was originally the name of the country and Bârâṇasî was its capital.

c6.s1.133

Bengal—1. Banga 2. Gauda, from its capital of the same name near Mâlda The Pâla Râjâs from Bhûpâla alias Go pâla to Sthirapâla reigned in Bengal from the middle of the eighth to the twelfth century of the Christian era, and the Sena Râjâs from Virasena to Lakshmaniya or Surasena reigned from 991 to 1203 A D According to some authorities Âdisura ascended the throne of Gaud in 732 A D The celebrated Vâchaspati Misra and Bhavadeva Bhatta were ministers of Harivarmmadeva in the 11th century A D The poet Jayadeva, author of the Gita Govinda, and the lexicographer Halâyudha flourished in the court of Lakshmana Sena in the twelfth century

c6.s1.134

Bengi—1. Bengipattana 2 Andhranagara (Dasakumara charita, ch VII), the capital of Andhra, situated on the north-west of Elur lake, between the Godavarî and the Krishnâ

c6.s1.135

Berar—1. Bidarbha of the Purânas 2 Dakshina Kosala of the Buddhist period 3. Bhima. Its capital were Kundinanagara (Beder) and Bhojakatapura (Bhojpur near Bhilsa)

c6.s1.136

Berawal—1. Somanâtha 2 Devapattana 3 Prabhâsa, in Kâthiâwar

c6.s1.137

Berawal-Pattana—Anahila-pattana, in Kâthiâwar, founded by Vamsarâj in the eighth century It is also called Pattana and Anahila

c6.s1.138

Berulen—Sivâlaya, seven miles from Dowlatabad (Devagada), it contains the temple of Ghusrinesa or Ghrishnesa, one of the twelve great Lingas of Mahâdeva It is also called Ellora, celebrated for its caves See Ellora

c6.s1.139

Bes—The river Vidisâ, which joins the river Betwâ at Bhilsâ or Besnagara.

c6.s1.140

Besâd—1 Bisâd 2 Bisâla-chhatra of the Purânas 3 Baisâli of the Buddhist period. 4 Kundagâma 5 Bânyagâma 6 Kundapura 7 Bânyagrâma 8 Kshatriya kunda of the Jainas, in the district of Muzaffarpur (Tirhut) in the province of Bengal, eighteen miles north of Hajipur on the left bank of the Gandak. Baisâli was the name of the country as well as the capital of the Vrijjis (Vajjis) or Lichchhavis, who flourished at the time of Buddha who resided here for some time.

c6.s1.141

Besali—Same as Bes.

c6.s1.142

Besnagar—1. Bedisagiri 2 Chetiya or Chetiyagiri or Chetiyanagara 3 Besanagara (Vessanagara) of the Mahavamsa, 3 miles to the north of Bhilsa (Bidisâ) in the kingdom of Bhopâl, where Asoka married Devi and by her he had twin sons, Ujjeniya and Mahinda, and afterwards a daughter Sanghamittâ See Sânchi

c6.s1.143

Besull—The river Bedasmriti, in Malwa, a tributary of the river Sindh

c6.s1.144

Bethia—To the east of Gorakhpur and south of Nepal and to the north west of Motihari It is perhaps the ancient Bethadipa

c6.s1.145

Betwa—The river Betravatî in Malwa

c6.s1.146

Beyt Island—The island of Sankhoddhâra, situated at the south western extremity of the gulf of Cutch Vishnu is said to have destroyed a demon named Sankhâsura at this place.

c6.s1.147

Bezwada—Bijayavada (Vijayavada), on the river Krishnâ It was the capital of the Eastern Chalukyas

c6.s1.148

Bhadaras—Same as Nandgaon, the ancient Nandigrama of the Râmâyana

c6.s1.149

Bhadariyâ—1 Bhaddiya 2 Bhâdiya of the Buddhists 3. Bhadrika of the Jainas, eight miles to the south of Bhagalpur in Bihar It was the birth place of Visâkhâ, the celebrated female disciple of Buddha

c6.s1.150

Bhagalpur—1 The country about Bhagalpur in the province of Bihar was called Anga 2. Karnapura

c6.s1.151

Bhaigu—The river Kapivati of the Râmâyana, a tributary of the Râmagangâ in Oudh.

c6.s1.152

Bhairav ghâti—Jahnu âsrama, or the hermitage of Jahnu Muni, in Garwal below the Gangotri, where the Bhâgîrathî unites with the Jahnavî

c6.s1.153

Bhandak—According to tradition Bhandak lies 18 miles north west of Chanda in the Chanda district, Central Provinces, in the ancient Bhadrâvatî See also Bhatala and Bhilsâ.

c6.s1.154

Bhaṭala—Bhadrâvatî, ten miles north of Warora in the Central Provinces, the capital of Râjâ Yuvanâśa of the Jaimini-Bhârata.

c6.s1.155

Bhâṭgâon—Bhaktapura, the former capital of Nepal.

c6.s1.156

Bhât-kuli—It has been identified with Bhojakaṭapura, in the Amaraoti district of Berar, containing a temple of Rukmini (Indian Antiquary, vol. LII, (1923), p. 263). See Bhojapur.

c6.s1.157

Bhavan—See Bavan.

c6.s1.158

Bherâghâṭ—Bhṛigu-tîrtha, twelve miles west of Jabbalpur.

c6.s1.159

Bhilsâ—Bidiśâ in Malwa. It was the capital of ancient Daśârṇa. The Bhilsa topes are supposed by Fergusson to belong to a period ranging from 250 B.C. to 79 A.D.

c6.s1.160

Bhîmâ—The river 1. Bhîmarathî. 2. Chandrabhâgâ, a branch of the Kṛishṇâ. It is also called Bhîmarathâ.

c6.s1.161

Bhîmasaṅkara—Dâkinî, at the source of the Bhîmâ, north-west of Poona.

c6.s1.162

Bhinmala—Śrîmâla of the Skanda Purâṇa, fifty miles west of Mount Abu.

c6.s1.163

Bhojapur—1. The name was indiscriminately applied to both the capitals of ancient Bidarbha, namely Kuṇḍinapura and Bhojakaṭapura (compare the Harivaṃśa and the Raghuvaṃśa). Bhojapura, containing the celebrated topes known by the name of Pipaliya Bijoli Topes, six miles to the south-east of Bhilsâ in the kingdom of Bhopâl, was the ancient Bhojakaṭapura founded by Rukmi, the brother of Rukmiṇî, beyond the Nerbuda, after he was defeated by Kṛishṇa. See Bhâṭ-kuli. 2. Near Dumrâon in the district of Shahabad in the province of Bengal. Râjâ Dulpat of Bhojapura (near Dumrâon), who was a descendant of the ancient Râjâs of Ujjain in Malwa, was defeated and imprisoned by Akbar, and when he was set at liberty on the payment of an enormous sum, he again took up arms and continued to rebel against Jahangir till Bhojapura was sacked, and his successor Râjâ Pertap was executed by Shah Jahan, while the Rânî was forced to marry a Muhammadan courtier (Blochmann's Notes from Mahomedan Historians on Chutia Nagpur, Pachet and Palamau in JASB., 1871, p. 11; Ain-i-Akbari, vol. I, p. 513). Jayadeo Shah emigrated from Ujjayinî and established himself at Bhojapura; he had three sons, Deo, Dulla and Pertap. Dulla (or Dulpat of Blochmann) was the ancestor of the Râjâs of Dumrâon. The Nava-ratna, evidently a Mahomedan structure, is the only ancient building at this place.

c6.s1.164

Bhojapura Hills—1. Nichai-giri of Kâlidâsa's Meghadûta. 2. Nichâksha, which is a low range of hills to the south of Bhilsâ, in the kingdom of Bhopâl, extending up to Bhojapura.

c6.s1.165

Bhokardhan—Bhogavardhana, in Aurangabad of the Nizam's dominions, on the western boundary of Berar (Mârkaṇḍeya Purâṇa, ch. 57; Indian Antiquary, vol. LII (1923), p. 263).

c6.s1.166

Bhootan—1. Bhoṭaṅga. 2. Bhoṭanta.

c6.s1.167

Bhopâla—See Bhupâla.

c6.s1.168

Bhupâla—The kingdom of Bhupâla or Bhopâla was the ancient 1. Daśârṇa. 2. Bhojapâla; its ancient capitals were Chaityagiri and Bidiśâ. Bhopâla is a contraction of Bhojapâla, a name said to have been derived from Râjâ Bhoja of Dhâr.

c6.s1.169

Bhuvaneśvar—1. Ekâmrakânana. 2. Harakshetra. 3. Kalinga-nagarî. 4. Gupta-kâśi in Orissa; it was founded by Râjâ Yayâti Keśari in the latter part of the fifth century.

c6.s1.170

Biânâ—1. Śrîpatha. 2. Pathayampurî of the inscriptions, in Rajputana, ninety miles east of Jaipur.

c6.s1.171

Bias—Same as Beas.

c6.s1.172

Bihar—I. 1. Magadha. 2. Kikaṭa. Its ancient capital was Girivraja or Râjagriha (Râjgir) at the time of the Mahâbhârata, but the seat of government was removed to Pâṭaliputra by Udayâśva, grandson of Ajâtaśatru. II. The town of Bihar in the district of Patna was anciently called 1. Udandapura 2. Odantapura. 3 Dandapura. 4 Udantapura. 5. Pṛiṣṭha Champā It was sometimes the capital of the Pāla Rājās of Bengal

c6.s1.173

Bījayanagar—1 Padmāvatī 2 Padmapura. 3 Bidyānagara, at the confluence of the Sindh and Pārā in Malwa. It was the birth-place of the poet Bhavabhūti The scene of the Mālatī-Mādhava has been placed at Padmāvatī, which, however, is supposed to be Ujjayinī (see Ujin) 4 Hampi on the river Tungabhadrā (see Bījayanagara) 5 Bījayapura of the Pavanadūta, which was the capital of the Sena Rājās of Bengal, situated near Godāgārī on the Ganges in the Rājshāhī division of Bengal

c6.s1.174

Bījayanagara—I. Bidyānagara on the river Tungabhadrā, thirty six miles north-west of Bellari. The kingdom of Bījayanagara was called Karṇāṭa II 1 Padmāvatī 2 Padmapura 3 Bidyānagara, the birth-place of Bhavabhūti, at the confluence of the Sindh and Pārā in Malwa It was included in the ancient kingdom of Bidarbha

c6.s1.175

Bijnor—It was called Bhavanaghaṭ before its name was changed into Bijnor during the reign of Aurangzeb It is forty miles from Sirhind

c6.s1.176

Bilāspur—Thirty-three miles north of Saharanpur. The district of Bilāspur was 1 Kuru jāngala of the Mahābhārata 2 Srikaṇṭha of the Buddhist period

c6.s1.177

Bindhyāchal—I The western part of the Bindhyā range from the source of the Nerbuda to the Gulf of Kambay, including the Aravali range, was the Pāripātra or Pāriyātra of the Purāṇas The eastern portion from the Bay of Bengal to the source of the Nerbuda, including the hills of Gondwana, was the Riksha Parvata, and the range which joins the Pāripātra, the Riksha Parvata, including the portion near Bindhyāchala in the district of Mirzapur, was called Suktimāna II Bindhyāchala, five or seven miles to the west of Mirzapur, celebrated for the temple of the goddess Bindubāsinī, appertained to the ancient city of Pampāpura.

c6.s1.178

Bindubāsinī—1 Bindhyāchala 2 Pampāpura, a celebrated place of pilgrimage in the district of Mirzapur in the United Provinces. See Bindhyāchal.

c6.s1.179

Bindu-sara—A sacred pool, two miles south of Gangotri in the Rudra Himālaya, where Bhagīratha is said to have performed asceticism to bring down the goddess Gangā from heaven

c6.s1.180

Bipula Giri—1. Chaityaka-giri 2 Vepulla of the Buddhists, one of the five hills of Rājgīr, in the district of Patna

c6.s1.181

Bishengangā—The river Alakānandā in Garwal, on which Badarikāsrama is situated

c6.s1.182

Bishṇumali—The river Kesavatī, in Nepal

c6.s1.183

Bishnu-Prayāga—At the confluence of the Alakānandā and the Daulī (Dudh Gangā) It is one of the five (Pañcha) Prayāgas

c6.s1.184

Bisva—The river Bisvā in Oudh, see Dohthī (Bhāgavata P, v 19)

c6.s1.185

Bīsvāmitrā—The river Bīsvāmitrā of the Purāṇas in Guzerat, on which Baroda is situated

c6.s1.186

Biṭhā—Bitabhayapattana, eleven miles south west of Allahabad It was an ancient Buddhist town This identification is doubtful Its ancient names were 1 Bichhi 2 Bichhi-grāma

c6.s1.187

Biṭhoor—1 Vālmīki āsrama 2 Pratiṣṭhāna 3 Utpalāranya 4 Utpalāvata kānana, fourteen miles north-west of Cawnpur, on the river Ganges It was the capital of Rājā Uttānapāda, father of the celebrated Dhruva, and the hermitage of Vālmīki, the author of the Rāmāyaṇa

c6.s1.188

Bīzagapatam—Bisākhā paṭṭana, in the province of Madras

c6.s1.189

Bīzlanagrām—Bījayanagara, in the Bīzagapatam district of Madras, visited by Chaitanya

c6.s1.190

Black Pagoda—Same as Kanarak Bodh-Gayā—1. Uravilva. 2. Buddha-Gayâ, six miles to the south of Gayâ, where Buddha attained Buddhahood below the celebrated Pipal tree, called the Bodhi tree, to the west of the temple. The Vajrāsana, on which Buddha is said to have sat while he gave himself up to contemplation, is a stone seat situated between the Bodhi tree and the temple. The Buddhakuṇḍa to the south of the temple is said to be the ancient Muchilinda tank. The rail to the south of the temple is one of the most ancient sculptured monuments in India.

c6.s1.191

Bokhara—1. Bhuskhara. 2. Sogdiana; it was conquered by Lalitāditya, king of Kasmir (Rājatarangiṇī, ch. IV). 3. Pushkara of the Matsya Purāṇa (ch. 120, v. 44). 4. Jamket of the Iranians; it is the same as Yama-koṭi of the Hindu Astronomy (see my Rasātala in the I.H.Q., vols. I, II).

c6.s1.192

Bolan—Bhalānasaḥ of the Rig Veda.

c6.s1.193

Bolur—Same as Wular lake.

c6.s1.194

Brahma-giri—1. That part of the Western Ghats in which the river Godāvarī has its source. 2. The Kāverī also rises from a mountain called Brahma-giri in Coorg.

c6.s1.195

Brahmakuṇḍa—The kuṇḍa from which the river Brahmaputra issues; it is a place of pilgrimage.

c6.s1.196

Brahmaputra—1. The river Nalinī. 2. The Lohitya. 3. The Braḥmaṇada. 4. The Andhanada. 5. The Brahmaputra.

c6.s1.197

Brahmayoni—1. The Brahmayoni hill. 2. The Kolāhala Parvata. 3. The Kolāchala. 4. The Gayāśirsha. 5. The Udyanta Parvata. 6. Muṇḍaprishṭha. 7. The Gayasīsa of the Buddhists, in Gayā. See, however, Kaluhā. On the site of Aśoka’s stūpa on the top of the hill; the Hindus have now built the temple of Chaṇḍī.

c6.s1.198

Bṛindāban—Vṛindāvana, in the district of Mathurā, the scene of Kṛishṇa’s early life.

c6.s1.199

Bringh—Achchhoda-nadī near Achchhavat in Kasmir.

c6.s1.200

Buḍa-Rāpti—1. The river Bāhudā. 2. The Dhabalā. 3. The Śitāprasthā. 4. The Arjunī, a feeder of the Rāpti in Oudh. Same as Dumelā.

First 200 of 910 passages. Read on

Linked texts (33)