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A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c42.s36: Commentaries

A History of Indian Medical Literature v3.c42.s36

Language
English

Contents

Commentaries

v3.c42.s36.1

An elaborate commentary on Cakrapāṇidatta's Cikitsāsaṃgraha was written by Niścalakara. A later commentary by Śivadāsasena 218 is largely based on Niścalakara's work.

Niścalakara

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Niścalakara is the author of the very valuable Ratnaprabhā. 219

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The author declares in the introductory verses that he gave to his work the title Ratnaprabhā because of its objective, namely to restore the brilliance of the Cakrasaṃgraha (i.e., the Cikitsāsaṃgraha), a gem the glow of which had dimmed on account of misunderstandings after the passing away of the āyurvedaguru Vijayarakṣita. He adds that he intends to attain his object by consulting various treatises and reflecting (gharṣaṇa) on the sayings of his teacher.

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The Ratnaprabhā is a mine of information, abounding in critical considerations on the contents of the Cakradatta and quotations from numerous works, many of which are lost now. 220 Niścala does not limit himself to the clarification of Cakra's text, but expounds his own ideas too. This may be the reason that his commentary is called a tātparyaṭīkā. 221 He does not blindly adhere to the teachings of earlier authorities, not even to those of his guru, and records interpretations not accepted by the latter or is even slightly critical of him.

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Cakrapāṇidatta is an admired authority, profusely quoted; laudatory epithets are applied to him: carakacaturānana, bahuśrutapariśrutasūtrasahasrasanayana, sakalavaidya(kula)maulimālā māṇikya, mārjitacaraṇanakhamani; 222 he is referred to as prāmāṇikāgraṇī, 223 because of his refusal to acknowledge uncritically what is generally accepted (na prasiddhim ādriyate) and his habit of carefully examining whether or not a particular opinion has a rational basis (yukta, yuktisiddha). 224 Niścala censures colleagues who blindly follow customary interpretations, 225 Cakrapāṇidatta 226 and Vṛnda 227 not excepted. He assures us that he is not even convinced by opinions based on reasoning; practical results (vyavahārasiddha) should be regarded as the ultimate test of a given practice. 228

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Niścala’s commentary gives evidence of the value he attached to establishing a correct text of the *Cakradatta*. He compared its readings with those of the sources and of other treatises,²²⁹ recording variants²³⁰ and errors.²³¹ Criteria applied in determining the appropriateness of a reading are its conformity with the text of other treatises,²³² its acceptance by earlier authorities,²³³ and its value for practice.²³⁴ Reaching a decision was sometimes fraught with difficulties or impossible. Consequently, Niścala acknowledges in such cases the validity of two or more divergent readings²³⁵ or refrains from judgment.²³⁶

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In general, Niścala tries to solve controversies he discovers when consulting a number of authorities, but, not always feeling able to achieve this aim, he tends to accept two or more conflicting views together with the arguments adduced in support of them.²³⁷

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Niścala’s experience as a practising physician emerges from remarks about formulas he prescribed to his patients and found to be effective.²³⁸ Well-known and regularly used recipes are indicated as such.²³⁹

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A singular feature of the *Ratnaprabhā* is the occurrence of the names of some of Niścala’s patients. Persons who turned to him for help when suffering from some disorder were the paṇḍit Dhyānakīrti,²⁴⁰ Lokeśvara, who was in charge of the Tantric rituals (mahātantrādhikṛta), the bhikṣu Śāntarakṣita,²⁴¹ and Yatapālita, who held an important position in the royal kitchen (bhojanavīryādhikṛta).²⁴²

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The exact procedures in the preparation of compound medicines, the amounts of the ingredients, etc., are very often discussed in detail. The practices prevalent in Niścala’s time and country are described as *vyavahāra*²⁴³ or *pracāra*.²⁴⁴ Actual practice did not always conform to the instructions of the authoritative textbooks.²⁴⁵ Agreement with habitual practice is expressed in various ways,²⁴⁶ as is disagreement.²⁴⁷

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Traditional views are those attributed to the *vṛddhāḥ*²⁴⁸ or *vṛddhavaidyāḥ*,²⁴⁹ and their teachings, the *vṛddhavaidyopadeśa*²⁵⁰ or *vṛddhavaidyavyavahāra*.²⁵¹ Niścala is prone to accept this tradition, although, occasionally, he rejects it.²⁵²

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A number of subjects relevant to medical theory and practice are elaborately discussed; examples are some types of *parīkṣā*,²⁵³ the general treatment of fever,²⁵⁴ the treatment of irregular fevers,²⁵⁵ weights and measures,²⁵⁶ and technical terms.²⁵⁷

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The identity of medicinal substances is a subject which is given much attention to. Niścala not only deals with those occurring in the text of the *Cakradatta*,²⁵⁸ but also with those found in the treatises he quotes. Some noteworthy plant names of these sources are:²⁵⁹ alavaṇā,²⁶⁰ amogha,²⁶¹ arka,²⁶² bāṇā,²⁶³ bhūnīlī,²⁶⁴ devatākusuma,²⁶⁵ guccha,²⁶⁶ jalagaṇḍaja,²⁶⁷ jāmātar,²⁶⁸ kañcukī,²⁶⁹ kaṇḍakarṇa,²⁷⁰ kaṇṭī,²⁷¹ kāṣṭhapūga,²⁷² kulī,²⁷³ kulīśa,²⁷⁴ laguru,²⁷⁵ modayantī,²⁷⁶ mūlakaparṇī,²⁷⁷ odanapākī,²⁷⁸ pāśī,²⁷⁹ phalī,²⁸⁰ raṇḍākhyatālā,²⁸¹ ruhā,²⁸² vāṇīra,²⁸³ vanya,²⁸⁴ veṇaṇa,²⁸⁵ vinayā,²⁸⁶ viṣāṇa,²⁸⁷ vṛkī.²⁸⁸

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Local names of disorders, plants, dishes, etc., are repeatedly mentioned.²⁸⁹

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Niścala’s training was apparently not restricted to medicine. Several remarks in his commentary reveal his knowledge of other sciences, such as grammar²⁹⁰ and metrics.²⁹¹

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The sources of numerous verses of Cakrapāṇidatta’s *Cikitsāsaṃgraha* are carefully

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recorded by Niścala.²⁹² This does not imply that the stanzas that remain unidentified derive from Cakrapāṇi himself, as a considerable number of them were borrowed from Vṛnda’s *Siddhayoga* without any reference to this fact in the *Ratnaprabhā*.²⁹³ A few verses from Suśruta are neither indicated as such.²⁹⁴

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Authors and works quoted or referred to in the *Ratnaprabhā* are:²⁹⁵ ācārya (sneha 21–22: = Dṛḍhabala), ācāryāḥ (jvara 17 and 21), Acyuta²⁹⁶ (jvara 277–278; masūrikā 32; kṣudraroga 9), Āgama (udara 51; rasāyana 167–189; nirūha 14), Agnipūraṇa²⁹⁷ (atisāra 72), Agniveśa (jvara 17, 41–42; apasmāra 7–8; vamana 14; nirūha 8–10),²⁹⁸ Akṣadevīya *Karmamālā*²⁹⁹ (rājayakṣman 9–12),³⁰⁰ Akṣadevīya *Yogaśata*(ka) (hikkāśvāsa 9; plīhayakṛt 11; karṇaroga 7), Alpavāgbhaṭa (mukharoga 58ab, 58cd, 65; karṇaroga 57), Amara³⁰¹ (kuṣṭha 37), Amitaprabha³⁰² (jvara 65–68, 84, 90; krimi 4; pāṇḍuroga 9; tṛṣṇā 24; unmāda 50; udāvarta 14; udara 11; śotha 6; galagaṇḍa 6; vraṇaśotha 75; upadamśa 9; visarpa 32; mukharoga 87; vamana 16; vireka 16 and 28), Amitaprabha’s *Carakanyāsa* (anuvāsana 33), Amitaprabha’s *Cikitsātisāya*³⁰³ (arśas 147–151), *Amoghayogatantra*³⁰⁴ (jvarātiśāra 1–2; unmāda 21–28), *Amṛtaghaṭa*³⁰⁵ (jvara 2), *Amṛtamālā*³⁰⁶ (krimi 12; tṛṣṇā 22; vātarakta 6, 10, 12, 13, 20, 25; udara 23; kuṣṭha 17 and 150),³⁰⁷ *Amṛtavallī*³⁰⁸ (arśas 18–22; hikkāśvāsa 1; pariṇāmaśūla 51–53 and 63–69; mūtrāghāta 13 and 15; śotha 52; vraṇaśotha 53 and 55; amlapitta 1 and 21; masūrikā 3, 9, 11; kṣudraroga 43, 50, 81–82; vṛṣya 9), Āṣādhavarman³⁰⁹ (vamana 16;

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anuvāsana 33), *Āśavaidyaka* (vātavyādhi 117–126),³¹⁰ *Aśvinisaṃhitā* (kṣudraroga 66–71), *Atisalpayogavyākhyā* of Mādhavakara³¹¹ (jvara 247–252), Ātreya³¹² (grahaṇī 16–19;³¹³ anuvāsana 33),³¹⁴ *Āyurvedaprakāśa*³¹⁵ (jvara 3), *Āyurvedasāra*³¹⁶ (jvara 82, 105, 127, 133, 142,³¹⁷ 161, 162–164, 170, 174, 175–177, 187, 277–278; atisāra 23–25, 67, 76, 83–84; grahaṇī 9–11, 20–21, 39, 47–49; arśas 35–44, 83–92, 100–103; pāṇḍuroga 25; raktapitta 22–24, 39–42, 43, 66–73; rājayakṣman 3, 9–12, 13–15, 24–25, 35–39, 40–46, 61–63, 75; kāsa 29; hikkāśvāsa 2–5, 11–14, 24–29; chardī 21, 23, 24; apasmāra 11, 15, 23–28; vātavyādhi 16–17, 26, 36, 39–40, 42–43, 46, 47–49, 50, 52–55, 59; āmavāta 15–18, 35–37, 72; śūla 3, 6, 7, 12, 25, 37, 44–45, 50–51; pariṇāmaśūla 1, 4, 16–19, 26–28; gulma 34–39, 40, 46, 47, 57–59, 71–72; hṛdroga 25; mūtrakṛcchra 11, 13, 26; mūtrāghāta 3 and 4; aśmarī 1, 13–16, 32, 33, 47–49; prameha 11, 22–26, 47–49; udara 31–38; plīhayakṛt 3, 30–32, 33–40; śotha 8, 12, 17, 35, 41–43, 44–47; vṛddhi 4–5, 12, 17, 22, 23, 26; galagaṇḍa 1, 6, 14–15, 17, 18, 23, 28, 30, 40, 47, 51, 57; ślīpada 11, 12, 20–22; vidradhi 12 and 14; vraṇaśotha 49, 60, 75; nāḍīvraṇa 2 and 3; bhagandara 12, 17, 46, 64, 67, 69, 70, 104–110, 111–115, 120–121, 134–135, 150, 156, 159; udarda 1, 2, 4, 5, 8, 13; amlapitta 1, 5, 6, 14, 54; visarpa 11 and 14; masūrikā 1, 39, 41, 42, 44; kṣudraroga 7, 10, 15, 18, 66–71, 81–82, 92, 96, 97, 122, 123, 124, 135–136;

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mukharoga 7, 9, 11, 14, 15, 16, 40, 53, 58cd, 63, 75–76, 91, 99–103, 107–108; karṇaroga 11–12, 17, 23–24, 28, 57; nāsāroga 21; vṛṣya 37; nirūha 22–25, 28–30, 31; nasya 11),³¹⁸ Bakula³¹⁹ (jvara 5, 28–29, 69, 117, 253–254; jvarātiśāra 26–27; atisāra 77; grahaṇī 9–11, 16–19, 50–54; arśas 18–22, 33–34, 35–44, 51–62, 83–92, 100–103, 147–151, 159–164; agnimāndya 2, 11–12, 14–15, 30–39, 73–75, 78–79, 82, 86; krimi 5; pāṇḍuroga 4–6, 10, 27, 35–40; raktapitta 7, 39–42, 66–73, 82–96; rājayakṣman 13–15, 27, 40–46, 47–60, 87–90, 92–93, 94–95; kāsa 20 and 40–41; svarabheda 10 and 13; chardi 4–5 and 14; tṛṣṇā 4; madātyaya 17–19; unmāda 9–12, 15–16, 34–37; apasmāra 23–28; vātavyādhi 1, 2, 8–9, 24–25, 32–35, 45, 81–85, 87, 88–92, 140, 162–170, 189–198, 199–204; vātarakta 21–23, 33–34, 42–51, 52–58; āmavāta 61–65; udāvarta 4–5, 12, 32–33; gulma 46; hṛdroga 8, 10, 26–29; mūtraḳcchra 27 and 28; aśmarī 2–4 and 7–9; prameha 12, 27–28, 30–37, 47–49; sthaulya 6–11 and 26–28; udara 31–38, 57, 59–62; plīhayakṛt 15–18; galagaṇḍa 5; ślīpada 23 and 24–30; vidradhi 3; vraṇaśotha 49, 75, 76–80, 91–92, 98, 99; kuṣṭha 156; udarda 2; kṣudraroga 92; mukharoga 32–33, 63, 111–112), Bakulakara (jvara 64 and 65–68; raktapitta 82–96; vātavyādhi 1), Bakulamiśra (karṇaroga 4), Bakulatantra³²⁰ (nāḍīvraṇa 3), Bakulavyākhyā (jvara 20; pāṇḍuroga 35–40), Bālasarasvatī³²¹ (agnimāndya 11–12), Bauddhāgama (unmāda 21–28),³²² Bhadraśaunaka (kuṣṭha 74–82), Bhadravarman³²³ (jvara 188;³²⁴ jvarātīsāra 3–4; arśas 4–7;

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agnimāndya 86; raktapitta 12–13 and 20; hikkāśvāsa 12; vātavyādhi 3–5; āmavāta 11–14; udāvarta 12; aśmarī 25; prameha 18 and 19;³²⁵ vidradhi 12; bhagaṇḍara 20–21 and 23; upadaṃśa 7 and 10; kuṣṭha 32; visarpa 22, 27, 30; masūrikā 33; kṣudraroga 81–82 and 86; nāsāroga 23; vamana 6),³²⁶ Bhāluki (jvara 18, 20, 149, 150, 153–156, 157–158, 237–238, 292; aśmarī 47–49; netraroga 19), Bhānumatī (agnimāndya 73–75; raktapitta 35–37; tṛṣṇā 2, 3, 7, 8; vātavyādhi 3–5, 89, 58; udāvarta 34; hṛdroga 5 and 10; aśmarī 2–4 and 7–9; galagaṇḍa 33; vraṇaśotha 1–2; bhagna 2, 5, 16–27; kuṣṭha 162; visarpa 6; kṣudraroga 24–25, 32, 84–85; mukharoga 1, 20, 23, 24, 25–26, 28–31, 32–33, 56, 99–103; sneha 11; vireka 28; anuvāsana 5, 19–22, 23; nirūha 8–10, 26–27, 32–33), Bhānumatīkāra (bhagna 14–15), Bhānumatīkṛt (arocaka 2; chardi 3; vātavyādhi 3–5; vraṇaśotha 99; mukharoga 68), Bhāṣya (arśas 76–82),³²⁷ Bhaṭṭāra(ka)³²⁸ (jvara 3, 5, 14–15, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 49, 65–68, 203–205, 219–225, 235, 291; arśas 159–164; agnimāndya 11–12; rājayakṣman 24–25; gulma 63–67 and 91; udara 51; plīhayakṛt 19–23; sveda 1, 3, 16–17; anuvāsana 38–39), Bhaṭṭāraharicandra (jvara 3 and 10–11; vireka 2), bhaṭṭāraharicandrānuyāyinaḥ (agnimāndya 11–12), Bhaṭṭāraharicandra’s Svasaṃhitā (sneha 6), Bhavadeva³²⁹ (vātavyādhi 227–271),³³⁰ Bhavadeva’s Gandhaśāstra (vātavyādhi 227–271),³³¹ Bhavya³³² (arśas 35–44; kāsa 20; hṛdroga 10; udara 57; kuṣṭha 156), Bhavya’s Vaidyapradīpa (atīsāra 30), Bhavyadatta (jvara 3 and 5; arśas 33–34;

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vātavyādhi 205–226; prameha 30–37; ślīpada 24–30; mukharoga 1, 20, 67; karṇaroga 23–24), Bhavyadattasaṃgraha Vaidyapradīpa (netraroga 19), Bhavyadatta’s Vaidyakapradīpasamgraha (jvara 3), Bhavyadatta’s Vaidyapradīpa (jvara 3, 41–42, 165–166; kāsa 1–3; mukharoga 32–65; karṇaroga 16), Bhavyadatta’s Yogaratnākara (jvara 31–32), Bheḍa (jvara 5, 55, 64, 79, 85, 117, 124, 128, 145–146, 182–183, 196–197, 281; atīsāra 39–45, 61–62, 69, 85–87, 100; arśas 4–7 and 35–44; agnimāndya 84 and 89; krimi 10 and 12; rājayakṣman 65–66; hikkāśvāsa 1; arocaka 5–7; chardi 6–11 and 21; madātyaya 3–6 and 20; unmāda 5, 13–14, 34–37; apasmāra 17–22; vātavyādhi 16–17, 31, 47–49, 95, 180–184; vātarakta 1–3; ūrustambha 9; hṛdroga 1; mūtraḳcchra 11; prameha 18, 22–26, 30–37; udara 39; vraṇaśotha 75 and 81–83; upadaṃśa 8; sneha 1 and 33; vamana 9, 10, 11, 20–21; vireka 29–30; anuvāsana 35; nasya 22–23), Bhīṣaṇimūṣṭi³³³ (arśas 4–7;³³⁴ unmāda 51;³³⁵ śotha 36), Bhoja (jvara 188; atīsāra 21–22; arśas 142–146 and 147–151; kāsa 46–47; chardi 1; aśmarī 50–53; galagaṇḍa 32; sneha 11; nirūha 20–21), Bindusāra³³⁶ (jvara 141,

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v3.c42.s36.t1.35.1

199–200, 231, 232–233; jvarātīsāra 1–2, 337 3–4, 16–25; krimi 12; raktapitta 25 and 35–37; kāsa 10–15 and 39; hikkāśvāsa 6–8; arocaka 5–7 and 13; chardi 1; unmāda 51; apasmāra 29; vātavyādhi 42–43 and 56–57; ūrustambha 5; hṛdroga 6–7; mūtraḳcchra 17 and 29–36;³³⁸ aśmarī 30–31; udara 43; galagaṇḍa 2, 8, 25; vidradhi 2 and 7; vraṇaśotha 52; bhagaṇḍara 10; kuṣṭha 23 and 25;³³⁹ mukharoga 72; karṇaroga 2 and 32; nāsāroga 9–10; netraroga 8 and 27; vṛṣya 8, 50–51, 54),³⁴⁰ Bodhicaryāvatāra (unmāda 17),³⁴¹ Bṛhattantrapradīpa³⁴² (pariṇāmaśula 57–62 and 63–69; mukharoga 1 and 9), Cakra (jvara 5, 6, 10–11, 14–15, 17, 19, 20, 28–29, 47, 49, 65–68, 84, 100–102, 103, 117, 124, 133, 149, 150, 162–164, 165–166, 188, 213, 235, 253–254, 255, 256–257, 277–278, 291; jvarātīsāra 16–25; atīsāra 1–3, 21–22, 30, 54–56, 60, 73–75, 77; grahaṇī 9–11, 16–19, 50–54; arśas 33–34, 100–103, 111–114, 133–141, 142–146, 147–151, 159–164, 165–171; agnimāndya 14–15, 18–22, 73–75; krimi 5; pāṇḍuroga 4–6, 25, 27; raktapitta 7, 30–33, 39–42, 66–73, 82–96; rājayakṣman 13–15, 24–25, 40–46, 47–60, 87–90; kāsa 16–19, 30–31, 37–38, 40–41, 43, 59–64; hikkāśvāsa intr., 17, 19–20, 24–29, 30–33; svarabheda 13; chardi 1 and 28; tṛṣṇā 4; madātyaya 11–12; unmāda 1–2, 5, 9–12, 15–16, 21–28, 29–30, 31–33, 34–37, 39–43; apasmāra 2, 7–8, 17–22, 23–28, 31–32; vātavyādhi 3–5, 6, 13–15, 45, 47–49, 65–68, 77, 81–85, 87, 88–92, 106–116, 136–137, 140, 150–154, 162–170, 175–179, 189–198, 199–204, 205–226, 227–271;

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vātarakta 1–3, 13, 21–23, 40, 41, 42–51, 52–58; ūrustambha 8 and 12; āmavāta 9, 35–37, 61–65; śūla 50–51, 63, 65–67; udāvarta 25, 26–27, 29–30, 35; gulma 9–10, 57–59, 62, 71–72; hṛdroga 8, 23–24, 26–29; mūtrāghāta 1; aśmarī 2–4, 7–9, 10; prameha 27–28 and 30–37; sthaulya 1, 5, 26–28; udara 1, 11, 16, 18, 31–38, 55–56, 57, 58, 59–62, 64; plīhayakṛt 15–18 and 19–23; śotha 6, 8, 14, 24–28, 44–47, 48–51; galagaṇḍa 5, 25, 33, 49; ślīpada 24–30 and 31; vraṇaśotha 48, 65–66, 68, 75, 76–80, 91–92, 98, 99; nāḍīvraṇa 3 and 17–18; upadaṃśa 4; bhagna 1, 3, 4, 11, 16–27; kuṣṭha 2, 8–12, 24, 50–51, 71–72, 111–115, 134–135, 150; amlapitta 1 and 23–24; visarpa 3–4, 15, 16, 18, 36–40; kṣudraroga 1, 3, 10, 21–22, 23, 31, 84–85, 92, 98, 126–133; mukharoga 1, 25–26, 32–33, 37, 41, 44, 45, 52, 57, 60, 63, 67, 70, 73–74, 82, 84, 111–112, 113–117; karṇaroga 18–22, 23–24, 30, 61; rasāyana 190–195; vṛṣya 15–25, 26–36, 37, 38–44; sneha 1, 21–22, 28; sveda 16–17; vamana 9 and 16; vireka 8–9, 17, 26; anuvāsana 1–2, 7–10, 19–22, 23, 24–25, 33, 38–39; nirūha 14 and 26–27; nasya 6), Cakra’s Dīpikā (karṇaroga 23–24), Cakra’s Svasaṃgraha (grahaṇī 77–85), Cakra’s Vyagradaridraśubhaṅkara (vraṇaśotha 46; upadaṃśa 10), Cakra’s Yogasamgraha³⁴³ (vṛddhi 22), Cakradatta (jvara 20, 64, 65–68, 90; vraṇaśotha 48), Cakradattavyākhyā (jvara 20), Cakrapāṇi (jvara 199–200, 247–252, 277–278), Cakrapāṇidatta (introductory prose; prameha 18), Cakrasaṃgraha (introductory verses; vraṇaśotha 48;

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visarpa 30), cakraśiṣyaḥ (agnimāndya 2, 344 pāṇḍuroga 35–40; vātavyādhi 106–116),³⁴⁵ Cakratippaṇī³⁴⁶ (pāṇḍuroga 35–40),³⁴⁷ Cakravyākhyā (jvara 20),³⁴⁸ Cakṣuṣyena (jvara 135–136; svarabheda 13; vātavyādhi 8–15; vātarakta 13; galagaṇḍa 3–4, 31, 32, 35; visarpa 9 and 33; mukharoga 1, 9, 75–76, 88, 97–98, 111–112; nāsāroga 2–3; sneha 1 and 6; sveda 1, 10, 11), Candana (amlapitta 23–24; vireka 8–9),³⁴⁹ Candanabhoda³⁵⁰ (vraṇaśotha 75³⁵¹ and 76–80),³⁵² Caṇḍikā³⁵³ (unmāda 21–28),³⁵⁴ Candrakala³⁵⁵ (a-gnimāndya 14–15),³⁵⁶ Candrakalāṭīkā (atīsāra 64;³⁵⁷ vraṇaśotha 75),³⁵⁸ Candraṭa³⁵⁹ (jvara 2, 64, 71, 75, 103, 116, 117, 127, 178–179, 182–183, 211, 253–254, 282; jvarātīsāra 1–2 and 16–25; atīsāra 1–3; grahaṇī 29–36, 55–59, 77–85; arśas 120–126; agnimāndya 90–91; raktapitta 17, 28–29, 35–37, 39–42, 79–81; śūla 12, 50–51, 54, 59–60; 37–38, 59–64; svarabheda 13; arocaka 2 and 3–4; chardi 14; tṛṣṇā 22; madātyaya 20; 34–37; vātavyādhi 16–17; āmavāta 15–18 and 39–43; śūla 12, 50–51, 54, 59–60; udāvarta 7; hṛdroga 25; prameha 18, 22–26, 30–37, 38–39; śotha 24–28; galagaṇḍa 31; vidradhi 8 and 19; vraṇaśotha 49 and 76–80; nāḍīvraṇa 6; bhagandara 13–27; upadaṃśa 4, 5, 10, 11, 15; bhagna 12–13; kuṣṭha 17, 25, 29, 30, 32, 34, 35, 41, 74–82, 131–133, 134–135, 150; visarpa 14, 30, 31; kṣudraroga 66–71 and 72–75; mukharoga 9 and 111–112; karṇaroga 1, 8–9, 11–12, 30, 35; nāsāroga 29–31; netraroga 20; rasāyana 160; vṛṣya 15–25 and 50–51; sneha 22–25, 26–27, 28–30; nasya 18), Candraṭasaṃgraha (mūrchā 1–2;

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unmāda 21–28; vṛddhi 22; visarpa 22; anuvāsana 35; nasya 22–23), Candrikā (jvara 46, 247–252, 256–257; atīsāra 1–3; arśas 142–146; agnimāndya 73–75; pāṇḍuroga 2; rājayakṣman 1–2 and 35–39; hikkāśvāsa 2–5; tṛṣṇā 2 and 7; vātavyādhi 6, 8–9, 96–105; āmavāta 35–37; gulma 98; hṛdroga 5; aśmarī 2–4, 7–9, 10, 13–16, 17–19, 34, 50–53; prameha 2–3 and 16; vṛddhi 10; galagaṇḍa 16, 26, 32, 41, 42, 44, 53–56, 61; ślīpada 10; vidradhi 1 and 17–18; vraṇaśotha 1–2 and 55; nāḍīvraṇa 2, 6, 16; śūkadoṣa 3, 6, 7, 8, 9; bhagna 2, 4, 5, 14–15, 16–27; kuṣṭha 71–72, 159, 162; visarpa 6, 8, 15; mukharoga 1, 4, 20, 22, 23, 24, 25–26, 32, 33, 34, 37, 41, 43, 44, 46–47, 50, 56, 58ab, 58cd, 59, 60, 61, 63, 69, 77, 84; karṇaroga 1, 3, 4, 32, 49; nāsāroga 12, 13, 15; netraroga 16, 20, 26; sveda 16–17; vamana 16; vireka 28), Candrikākāra (jvara 3 and 150; aśmarī 13–16; prameha 4; vṛddhi 6; vraṇaśotha 99; visarpa 6; karṇaroga 11–12), Candrikākṛt (jvara 65–68 and 253–254; vātavyādhi 3–5 and 81–85; vṛddhi 6; galagaṇḍa 40, 48, 51; vidradhi 8; kṣudraroga 32; mukharoga 45 and 68; karṇaroga 32 and 43), Candrikāmata (arśas 147–151; kṣudraroga 32), candrikāmatānuvādinaḥ (galagaṇḍa 33), Candrikāsaṃgraha (bhagna 2), Candrikāvyākhyā (bhagna 16–27), Caraka (passim), ³⁶⁰ Carakapariṣṭakṛt (sveda 16–17), Carakavākyapratisaṃskāra (udara 11), Carakottaratantra (jvara 57; nāḍīvraṇa 2, 3, 16; bhagandara 1 and 4; śūkadoṣa 2, 3, 8, 9; bhagna 1;

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kṣudraroga 1, 2, 4, 7, 9, 10, 11, 14, 16, 17, 18, 21–22, 24–25, 26, 32, 33, 34, 35–37, 84–85, 96; mukharoga 9 and 32–33), ³⁶² Caturadevīya Gandhaśāstra ³⁶³ (mukharoga 109–110), ³⁶⁴ Cikitsākalikā ³⁶⁵ (jvara 3; vātavyādhi 147–149; udara 59–62; vṛddhi 2; netraroga 1; sveda 16–17), Cikitsāśraya ³⁶⁶ (vātarakta 7), Cikitsātiśaya (arśas 147–151; chardi 23), ³⁶⁷ dākṣiṇātyāḥ (vātavyādhi 96–105; ³⁶⁸ anuvāsana 33), ³⁶⁹ Daṇḍin (jvara 1), ³⁷⁰ Dāruvāha ³⁷¹ (jvara 63), Dāsarasāyana ³⁷² (kuṣṭha 17), Dattaka ³⁷³ (vātavyādhi 227–271), ³⁷⁴ Deśāṅga ³⁷⁵ (mūtrakṛcchra 28), ³⁷⁶ Dharaṇīdhara (rājayakṣman 87–90; udara 26; kṣudraroga 66–71), ³⁷⁷ Dharmakīrti (unmāda 17), ³⁷⁸ Dīpikā ³⁷⁹ (jvara 244–246, 247–252, 270; pāṇḍuroga 9 and 35–40; unmāda 34–37; gulma 9–10; udara 19; kuṣṭha 111–115; sneha 7, 11, 21–22; vireka 28), Dīpikākāra ³⁸⁰ (jvara 4; gulma 34–39), Dīpikākṛt (jvara 3 and 47; raktapitta 51; rājayakṣman 9–12; kāsa 10–15; hikkāśvāsa 1; chardi 1; vātavyādhi 2; aśmarī 35–36; prameha 27–28; udara 31–38; śotha 24–28), Dravyāvalī ³⁸¹ (grahaṇī 47–49; rājayakṣman 87–90; chardi 21; vātavyādhi 185–188 and 227–271; pariṇāmaśūla 57–62; śotha 8; kuṣṭha 159; kṣudraroga 92; mukharoga 77 and 99–103 and 113–117), Dṛḍhabala (jvara 20, 31–32,

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v3.c42.s36.t1.59.1

41–42, 65–68, 247–252; arśas 93–95; rājayakṣman 65–66; tṛṣṇā 1, 9, 10–11; gulma 20–23; mūtrāghāta 1; udara 18; sneha 6, 21–22, 23, 30; vamana 9, 12, 13, 14, 20–21; vireka 2, 8–9, 10–15, 17, 20–21, 26, 27, 28, 29–30; anuvāsana 1–2, 11–12, 13, 14–18, 19–22, 24–25, 32, 33, 35, 36–37, 40–41; nirūha 1, 4–6, 8–10, 11, 12, 13, 17, 20–21, 26–27, 32–33, 35; nasya 1, 2, 11, 12, 13–16), Dṛḍhabalasamskāra (raktapitta 6; nirūha 18–19), Dvādaśasahasravāgbhaṭa ³⁸² (mukharoga 24), Ekārṇavanighaṇṭu ³⁸³ (jvara 65–68), Gadādhara (jvara 64, 178–179, 256–257; arśas 147–151; agnimāndya 77 and 7–8), Gadinīścaya ³⁸⁴ (vraṇaśotha 48), Gandhaśāstra ³⁸⁵ (vātavyādhi 227–271 and 276–278; mukharoga 73–74 and 109–110), ³⁸⁶ Gandhaśāstranighaṇṭu ³⁸⁷ (vātavyādhi 199–204 and 227–271), Gandhatantra (vātavyādhi 227–271), ³⁸⁸ Gandhatantraśāstra (vātavyādhi 227–271), ³⁸⁹ gāndhikāḥ (vātavyādhi 93–94), gauḍāḥ (jvara 124; ³⁹⁰ kṣudraroga 43; karṇaroga 18–22, ³⁹¹ nirūha 26–27), ³⁹² Gauḍapāṭha (kuṣṭha 8–12), ³⁹³ Gauḍavyākhyā (karṇaroga 23–24), Gayaḍāsa (vātavyādhi 87, 205–226, 276cd–278; vātarakta 40; gulma 40 and 46), Gopati, ³⁹⁴ Gopurarakṣita ³⁹⁵ (jvara 64), Govardhana ³⁹⁶ (jvara 20 and 64; arśas 111–114 and 142–146; agnimāndya 73–75; rājayakṣman 40–46; kāsa 59–64; madātyaya 11–12; unmāda 21–28 and 29–30; gulma 9–10; udara 57), ³⁹⁷ Govardhana's Arthamālā (jvara 64), ³⁹⁸ Govardhana's Bṛhattantrapradīpikā (jvara 232–233;

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jvarātīsāra 16–25), Govardhana's Karmamālā ³⁹⁹ (arśas 133–141), Govardhana's Kaumudī (śotha 48–51), Govardhana's Nyāyasāravālī (arśas 147–151; rājayakṣman 9–12 and 13–15), Govardhana's Paribhāṣāvalī ⁴⁰⁰ (raktapitta 14), Guṇākara (atīsāra 1–3; pariṇāmaśūla 24), guru(pādāḥ) (jvarātīsāra 1–2; arśas 107–110; pāṇḍuroga 2; raktapitta 6; rājayakṣman 65–66; svarabheda 6; vātavyādhi 24–25 and 47–49; vraṇaśotha 46; upadaṃśa 3; kuṣṭha 116–119, 156, 159; visarpa 15; mukharoga 32–33; karṇaroga 4; netraroga 36; anuvāsana 24–25), Gurudattasaṃgraha (vraṇaśotha 69), ⁴⁰¹ Gurugrantha ⁴⁰² (gulma 40; hṛdroga 5; mūtrāghāta 4 and 5; aśmarī 7–9), ⁴⁰³ guruparamparā (arśas 165–171), ⁴⁰⁴ Guruparamparāvyākhyā (grahaṇī 29–36), ⁴⁰⁵ gurusampradāya (śūla 3 and 63; pariṇāmaśūla 36–41 and 75–76), ⁴⁰⁶ Haramekhalā (jvara 282; agnimāndya 3 and 11–12; śūla 56; kṣudraroga 52, 76–79, 81–82, 88, 98, 99, 121; mukharoga 96; vṛṣya 54 and 56), ⁴⁰⁷ Haramekhalānighaṇṭu ⁴⁰⁸ (vṛṣya 54), Hārāvalī ⁴⁰⁹ (apasmāra 23–28; ⁴¹⁰ vṛṣya 26–36), ⁴¹¹ Haricandra ⁴¹² (jvara 64; sneha 6), Hārita (jvara 4, 5, 8–9, 10–11, 33, 71, 75, 80, 86, 92–98, 117, 118, 123, 127, 149, 150, 151, 160, 161, 178–179, 185–186, 187, 188, 206, 210, 217, 218, 261, 292; jvarātīsāra 16–25; atīsāra 17–18 and 57–59; grahaṇī 47–49; arśas 8–10; pāṇḍuroga 44–47 and 51; raktapitta 39–42 and 66–73; rājayakṣman 9–12 and 67–70; hikkāśvāsa 2–5 and 21–23; chardi 22; tṛṣṇā 2; unmāda 21–28 and 34–37; vātavyādhi 127–131 and 180–184; āmavāta 35–37;

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śūla 3, 10, 12, 20, 25, 27, 33; udāvarta 7, 26–27, 28; gulma 1–3, 15, 17, 18–19, 43–44; prameha 22–26 and 30–37; udara 46 and 55–56; śotha 6; kuṣṭha 54, 55, 68; visarpa 18 and 33; masūrikā 1, 4, 17, 18–20, 23, 27, 35, 37; kṣudraroga 125; rasāyana 160, 161–162, 166, 190–195; vṛṣya 1; anuvāsana 7–10; nirūha 26–27), hārītīyāḥ (jvara 18), Indumatī ⁴¹³ (jvara 3; pāṇḍuroga 19–20 and 35–40; rājayakṣman 40–46; kāsa 10–15; arocaka 1; vātavyādhi 136–137; śotha 48–51; vraṇaśotha 99; kuṣṭha 116–119 and 120–121; kṣudraroga 31, 32, 43), Īśāna ⁴¹⁴ (jvara 19, 20, 65–68, 247–252; atīsāra 104–24, 25 and 40–46; madātyaya 11–12; unmāda 21–28, 29–30, 39–43; apasmāra 7–8; vātavyādhi 87 and 199–204; vātarakta 40; udara 11 and 57; vraṇaśotha 99; kṣudraroga 126–133; sneha 21–22; vamana 14; vireka 8–9 and 26; anuvāsana 7–10, 24–25, 33; nirūha 11, 13, 14, 35; nasya 6), Īśanadeva⁴¹⁵ (jvara 20; atīsāra 1–3; vamana 16), Īśanasena⁴¹⁶ (unmāda 29–30), Īśvarasena⁴¹⁷ (jvara 5 and 64), Jātukarṇa (jvara 4, 5, 64, 124, 149, 178–179, 196–197, 219–225, 244–246, 272–274; atīsāra 60 and 104; grahaṇī 47–49; arśas 115–117, 118–119, 127–131; rājayakṣman 9–12 and 40–46; kāsa 10–15; tṛṣṇā 10–11; unmāda 34–37; apasmāra 9–10, 17–22, 31–32; vātavyādhi 140, 171–174, 175–179; vātarakta 40; ūrustambha 98 and 99; ūdāvarta 29–30 and 35; gulma 9–10, 20–23, 71–72; prameha 27–28; udara 14–15, 16, 21–22, 57, 58; śotha 8, 15–16, 24–28, 33–34, 35, 48–51; vraṇaśotha 98 and 99; kuṣṭha 104–110 and 111–115; visarpa 19 and 22;

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masūrikā 21–22, 36, 37, 38; kṣudraroga 15; mukharoga 73–74 and 113–117; karṇaroga 23–24; netraroga 15 and 19; vireka 10–15; anuvāsana 1–2 and 33), Jejjata (jvara 4, 5, 14–15, 18, 19, 20, 47, 49, 64, 65–68, 124, 133, 149, 150, 188, 203–205, 219–225, 235, 237–238, 247–252, 253–254, 255, 256–257, 284, 291; atīsāra 1–3, 93–94, 104; grahaṇī 20–22, 23–27, 47–49; arśas 111–114 and 133–141; agnimāndya 30–39, 73–75, 82, 90–91; pāṇḍuroga 35–40; raktapitta 8–11, 17, 22–24, 30–33; rājayakṣman 9–12, 13–15, 24–25, 35–39, 40–46, 47–60, 83–86; kāsa 1–3, 8, 16–19, 50–53, 59–64; hikkāśvāsa, intr., 2–5, 17, 19–20; chardi 1, 4–5, 6–11, 12, 15–16, 21; tṛṣṇā 3 and 10–11; madātyaya 11–12 and 28; unmāda 15–16, 21–28, 29–30, 34–37, 39–43; apasmāra 2–7, 8–9, 10–17, 22–31, 32; vātavyādhi 2, 3–5, 10–12, 13–15, 138–139, 140, 175–179; vātarakta 40; ūdāvarta 26–27, 29–30, 34, 35; gulma 9–10, 17, 57–59, 62; hṛdroga 5, 23–24, 25; aśmarī 2–4, 13–16, 35–36; prameha 27–28; udara 3–4, 6–10, 11, 14–15, 16, 18, 19, 27–30, 31–38, 57, 64; plīhayakṛt 9 and 19–23; śotha 8, 14, 15–16, 24–28, 29, 33–34, 38–39, 48–51; galagaṇḍa 49; vraṇaśotha 99; nāḍīvraṇa 2, 6, 16; kuṣṭha 111–115 and 148; visarpa 2, 3–4, 17, 18; kṣudraroga 1 and 32; mukharoga 32–33, 59, 73–74; karṇaroga 16, 18–22, 23–24, 30; nāsāroga 7–8; netraroga 16; vṛṣa 1; sneha 21–22; vamana 9 and 14; vireka 17 and 26; anuvāsana 7–10; nirūha 14 and 26–27; nasya 6), jejjatamatānuyāyin(aḥ) (grahaṇī 47–49 and 50–54; arśas 127–131; vireka 28), Jinaḍāsa⁴¹⁸ (jvara 5;

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rājayakṣman 40–46; śotha 48–51; vraṇaśotha 99; mukharoga 11), Jinaḍāsa’s Karmadaṇḍī (jvara 20 and 124), Jīvanātha’s Lauhaśāstra⁴¹⁹ (raktapitta 82–96), ⁴²⁰ Jñānaśrī⁴²¹ (śula 12; śotha 54; nāsāroga 9–10), Kalahadāsa⁴²² (jvara 65–68), ⁴²³ Kālāpāda⁴²⁴ (rasāyana 167–189), ⁴²⁵ Kālidāsa⁴²⁶ (mukharoga 113–117), Kalyāṇasiddhi (grahaṇī 29–36; arśas 120–126; rājayakṣman 9–12, 24–25, 47–60; vireka 10–15), ⁴²⁷ Kāmarūpa⁴²⁸ (vātarakta 4), ⁴²⁹ kāmarūpīyaḥ (kṣudraroga 43), ⁴³⁰ Kāmaśāstra (madātyaya 17–19), ⁴³¹ Kāṅkāyana (āmavāta 35–37), Kapila (agnimāndya 9–10), Kapilabala (jvara 64 and 77; sneha 6), Karavīra (kuṣṭha 71–72), Karmamālā⁴³² (agnimāndya 14–15; raktapitta 66–73; svarabheda 6; chardi 27; śūla 50–51; gulma 40; prameha 17; kuṣṭha 29 and 159; mukharoga 77), ⁴³³ Karmamālāṭīkā (atīsāra 64), ⁴³⁴ Kārttika (jvara 54, 253–254, 256–257; ūdāvarta 34; gulma 40; aśmarī 13–16; galagaṇḍa 40 and 51; nāḍīvraṇa 2 and 17–18; bhagaṇḍara 5; upadamśa 4; śūkadoṣa 2, 3, 8, 9; bhagna 2, 5, 14–15, 16–27; visarpa 15; kṣudraroga 18 and 84–85; mukharoga 25–26, 32–33, 57; sveda 16–17; vamana 16; vireka 8–9 and

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28; nirūha 4–6), Kārttikakuṇḍa (jvara 20, 46, 54, 64; vātavyādhi 81–85; plīhayakṛt 5 and 9), kāśmīraḥ (jvara 256–257; arśas 49–50; raktapitta 66–73; gulma 41–42; udara 14–15 and 57; kuṣṭha 6–7 and 8–12; nasya 1), Kāśyapa (sneha 6), Kāṭoka⁴³⁵ (nāḍīvraṇa 6 and 16; visarpa 6; masūrikā 27; kṣudraroga 1; netraroga 16), ⁴³⁶ Kauśika (jvara 292), Kharanāda (jvara 20 and 261; bhagaṇḍara 2), Kṛṣṇātreya (jvara 64 and 247–252; atīsāra 80–82; arśas 49–50; rājayakṣman 40–46; chardi 15–16; unmāda 31–33; vātavyādhi 64, 199–204, 227–271; udara 59–62; plīhayakṛt 33–40; vraṇaśotha 76–80; kṣudraroga 91; nasya 11), Kṣarapāṇi (jvara 20, 65–68, 193, 203–205; agnimāndya 77; rājayakṣman 65–66; kāsa 10–15 and 27; hikkāśvāsa 19–20 and 30–33; vātavyādhi 3–5, 10–12, 199–204; gulma 45; udara 3–4, ⁴³⁷ 11, 23; plīhayakṛt 30–32; śotha 1 and 6; vraṇaśotha 90 and 91–92; kuṣṭha 25; sneha 13–14), Lauhapattrikā⁴³⁸ (pāṇḍuroga 11), Lauhaśāstra (arśas 76–82; ⁴³⁹ masūrikā 9), ⁴⁴⁰ lauhaśāstrajñāḥ (pariṇāmaśūla 21–22), Lohaśāstra⁴⁴¹ (śūla 57; ⁴⁴² mukharoga 73–74), ⁴⁴³ lohaśāstravidaḥ (śūla 63), Lokanātha (arśas 107–110), ⁴⁴⁴ lokavyavahāra (vṛṣya 56), ⁴⁴⁵ Lokoka⁴⁴⁶ (vātavyādhi 272–276ab), ⁴⁴⁷ Mādhava (arśas 127–131; kāsa 59–64; unmāda 29–30; apasmāra 7–8; vātavyādhi 1; gulma 9–10; udara 27–30 and 57; śotha 15–16 and 48–51; vraṇaśotha 48; masūrikā 39), Mādhava’s Praśnahasravidhāna (vātavyādhi 1), Mādhava’s Suśrutavārttika (vātavyādhi 35–6), Mādhava’s Yogavyākhyā (jvara 124;

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⁴⁴⁸ arśas 127–131⁴⁴⁹ and 133–141), Mādhavagrantha (vraṇaśotha 48), Mādhavakara (jvara 284; rājayakṣman 40–46; kāsa 59–64; gulma 17; vraṇaśotha 68), Mādhavakāra (karṇaroga 23–24), Mādhavakara’s Dravyaguṇa⁴⁵⁰ (jvara 31–32; ⁴⁵¹ agnimāndya 5), ⁴⁵² Mādhavakara’s Praśnahasravidhāna (jvara 41–42), Mādhava(kara)’s Svalpayogavyākhyā⁴⁵³ (raktapitta 14; udara 27–30), Mādhava(kara)’s Yogavyākhyā (arśas 111–114; unmāda 34–37), ⁴⁵⁴ Mādhavasaṃgraha⁴⁵⁵ (hikkāśvāsa 30–33), ⁴⁵⁵ Madhyasaṃhitā of Vāgbhaṭa(gupta) (jvara 235, 237–238, 247–252, 288–290, 291; atīsāra 104; arśas 96–99, 120–156, 159–164; agnimāndya 77; madātyaya 21–22), Madhyavāgbhaṭa(saṃhitā) (jvara 3; atīsāra 4–5; grahaṇī 5–6 and 9–11; arśas 1–3; agnimāndya 1, 2, 6–8, 28; krimi 12; pāṇḍuroga 22–23; rājayakṣman 47–60; kāsa, intr.; hikkāśvāsa, intr.; madātyaya 21–22; unmāda 29–30; mukharoga 1, 32–33, 41, 43, 45, 50, 58cd, 59, 60, 61, 63, 70; karṇaroga 3, 11–12, 23–24, 50, 56, 57, 63–65; netraroga 6–7; anuvāsana 33), Mahāmantrānusāraṇīya⁴⁵⁶ (jvara 235), ⁴⁵⁷ Mahīdhara’s Viśvavallabhā⁴⁵⁸ (vṛddhi 22), maitreyāḥ⁴⁵⁹ (anuvāsana 33), Mālā⁴⁶⁰ (vireka 28), ⁴⁶¹ Manu (jvara 65–68), Mārkaṇḍyapurāṇa⁴⁶² (rājayakṣman 47–60), ⁴⁶³ Maudgalyāyaṇīya⁴⁶⁴ (madātyaya 11–12; gulma 63–67; mukharoga 73–74), ⁴⁶⁵ Nāgabhartṛtantra⁴⁶⁶ (grahaṇī 16–19; svarabheda 6; vraṇaśotha 98 and 99; nāḍīvraṇa 16; śūkadoṣa 9; kuṣṭha 1, 2, 25, 28, 88–90, 131–133, 144–147, 149; mukharoga 9), Nāgadeva⁴⁶⁷ (mukharoga 32–33), Nāgārjuna (jvara 64; atīsāra 54–56;

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grahaṇī 37–38, 86–92, 93–99; arśas 66–75; agnimāndya 29; rājayakṣman 27; madātyaya 20; vātavyādhi 227–271; āmavāta 2, 4, 9; pariṇāmaśūla 77–78), ⁴⁶⁸ Nāgārjuna’s Vārttāmālā⁴⁶⁹ (agnimāndya 14–15; chardi 19), Nāgārjuna’s Yogamañjarī (śūla 54), Nāgārjunīya (raktapitta 26; ⁴⁷⁰ śūla 50–51), Nāgārjunīya Ārogyamañjarī⁴⁷¹ (agnimāndya 72), Nāgārjunīya Mahendrakalpa⁴⁷² (arśas 4–7), Nalanṛpati’s Sūdaśāstra⁴⁷³ (grahaṇī 60–61; ⁴⁷⁴ agnimāndya 4), Nānābhidhāna (mūtrakṛcchra 11), Nānārtha⁴⁷⁵ (sthaulya 31; ⁴⁷⁶ plīhayakṛt 33–40), ⁴⁷⁷ Naradatta⁴⁷⁸ (atīsāra 104; ⁴⁷⁹ ślīpada 24–30), ⁴⁸⁰ naradattasampradāyinaḥ⁴⁸¹ (ślīpada 24–30), *Naradattaśisyatippani* (vraṇasotha 88–89), 482 Naradeva 483 (kṣudraroga 92), *Nāvanīta* (raktapitta 79–81; kāsa 48–49; kuṣṭha 97–100), 484 *Nāvanītaka* 485 (arśas 120–126; vātavyādhi 180–184; kuṣṭha 104–110), 486 *Nāvanītaka-samhitā* (nāsāroga 29–31), *Nāvanītatantra* (svarabheda 12), *Nighaṇṭu* 487 (grahaṇī 47–49; arśas 142–146; śotha 8), 488 Nimi (karṇaroga 32), *Nyāyāsāra* 489 (gulma 57–59), paitāmahaḥ 490 (anuvāsana 33), 491 Pālakāpya 492 (jvara 3 493 and 65–68), 494 Pāṇini (śūla 12), Parāśara (atīsāra 101; rājayakṣman 67–71; nirūha 4–6 and 8–10), *Pāṭañjalalohaśāstra* 495 (arśas 180), Pauṣakalāvata (jvara 188), Piṅgala (śūla 12), 496 Pitṛjyeṣṭha (anuvāsana 33), 497 prābhākaraḥ 498 (raktapitta 82–96), 499 Pṛthvīsimha (vātavyādhi 227–271), 500 Puṣkalāvata (jvara 48 and 64), *Puṭṭasavāloka* 501 (rājayakṣman 27 and 30–34), 502 rādhīyaḥ 503 (jvara 253–254;

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504 agnimāndya 9–10), 505 Rāḍhīya 506 (masūrikā 5), 507 Rakṣitaguru 508 (mukharoga 73–74), Rakṣita(pādāḥ) 509 (jvara 20 and 64; atīsāra 54–56; grahaṇī 4 and 13; arśas 100–103 and 133–141; krimi 5; pāṇḍuroga 35–40; 510 nāḍīvraṇa 5), Rāmadeva 511 (nāḍīvraṇa 16), Rāmapāladeva 512 (kuṣṭha 74–82), Ra-mbharāma (vātavyādhi 227–271), 513 *Rasa-sāgara* (prameha 44), 514 *Rāśayanavaidya* 515 (atīsāra 21–22), 516 *Ratnamālā* (atīsāra 30; raktapitta 39–42; rājayakṣman 65–66), 517 *Ratnaparikṣaśāstra* 518 (vātavyādhi 3–5), *Ratna-sāra* 519 (arśas 180), 520 Ravi 521 (jvara 106, 115, 117, 119–121, 157–158, 161), Ravigupta (jvara 64, 69, 71, 82, 84, 87, 99, 100–102, 104, 124, 149, 150, 185–186; atīsāra 67; grahaṇī 9–11, 20–21, 47–49; krimi 4; pāṇḍuroga 7; raktapitta 22–24, 25, 35–37; rājayakṣman 1–2, 9–12, 22–23, 24–25, 27, 47–60, 75; kāsa 5–6, 37–38, 49, 59–64; hikkāśvāsa 1, 522 6–8, 17; chardi 2–3, 6–11, 13, 19, 27; tṛṣṇā 10–11, 16, 17, 24; mādatyaya 3–6 and 24; unmāda 1–2, 15–16, 29–30, 44–45; apasmāra 3–4; ūrustambha 1–2; āmavāta 35–37; udāvarta 31; gulma 57–59 and 92; mūtakṛcchra 9 and 19; aśmarī 32; prameha 18, 19, 20, 21; udara 41 and 45; plīhayakṛt 6; śotha 20 and 22; vraṇasotha 65–66; bhagandara 3 and 22; upadamśa 9; kuṣṭha 2, 35, 55, 64, 68, 92, 120–121, 156; visarpa 5 and 7; mukharoga 52 and 73–74; karṇaroga 15; nāsāroga 5 and 21; netraroga 15, 16, 22, 31; nasya 1), *Rugvinīścaya* 523 (jvara 187; mādatyaya 21–22; udara 55–56; plīhayakṛt 1; vṛddhi 22; vraṇasotha 76–80; nāḍīvraṇa 1;

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bhagna 1; kṣudraroga 2), *Rūparatnākara* 524 (mukharoga 32–33), *Śabdārṇava* 525 (vātavyādhi 106–116 and 227–271; āmavāta 22; vraṇasotha 76–80; nāḍīvraṇa 6), *Śaivasiddhānta* 526 (rasāyana 167–189), 527 *Śaivatantra* 528 (rasāyana 166), 529 *śalākya* 530 (nasya 8–10), 531 *Śālākyatantra* 532 (rā-jayakṣman 40–46), 533 Śālihotra (vātavyādhi 96–105; 534 āmavāta 7), 535 *Śambhu* 536 (kuṣṭha 52), 537 *Samgraha* 538 (grahaṇī 77–85; pāṇḍuroga 19–20; raktapitta 35–37; gulma 83–87; hṛdroga 25; prameha 18 and 22–26; vidradhi 8; nāḍīvraṇa 16; upadamśa 1–2; visarpa 14; kṣudraroga 1, 35–37, 66–71; mukharoga 20, 27, 32–33), 539 sam-grahakāraḥ (jvara 291; kuṣṭha 131–133), Samgrahakṛt (jvara 284; śotha 48–51; ślīpada 7; kuṣṭha 134–135; kṣudraroga 96), 540 samgrahakṛtaḥ 541 (kṣudraroga 24–25 and 98; mukharoga 27), Samgrahāntara (udarda 3 and 15; amlapitta 1), samgrahavyākhyātā-raḥ, 542 (vidradhi 8) *Śamkarabhāṣitalohakalpa* 543 (kuṣṭha 17), 544 *Samyogasvabhāva* 545 (jvara 244–246), 546 *Sanātana* 547 (agnimāndya 11–12 and 14–15; śūla 50–51; gulma 46), Sanātana’s *Vallabhā* (arśas 147–151; agnimāndya 11–12), Sandhyākara 548 (rā-jayakṣman 40–46), *Sārāvalī* 549 (jvara 2), *Sāroccaya* 550 (arśas 147–151), 551 Śaunaka (jvara 64 and 65–68; arśas 159–164), *Siddhasāra* 552 (jvarātīsāra 1–2; atīsāra 98 and

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102; arśas 4–7; 553 pāṇḍuroga 8, 25, 26, 30; rājayakṣman 47–60; hikkāśvāsa 6–8; mādatyaya 10; apasmāra 3–4; vātavyādhi 140 and 175–179; udāvarta 6; gulma 31–32; udara 16 and 58; plīhayakṛt 8 and 9; vraṇasotha 50, 85, 90; nāḍīvraṇa 1; upadamśa 1–2; visarpa 14, 19, 33; kṣudraroga 32 and 99; mukharoga 11 and 52; rasāyana 167–189; vamana 6; vireka 2, 10–15, 16; nasya 12), *Siddhayoga* 554 (jvara 3; jvarātīsāra 1–2; prameha 30–37; netraroga 18), *Somadāsa’s Karmamālā* 555 (agnimāndya 11–12), 556 *Śrīdharapāṭañjala(gaṇita)śāstra* (jvara 65–68), 557 *Śrīkaṇṭha* (karṇaroga 30), 558 *Śrīkaṇṭha’s Amṛtavali* 559 (amlapitta 1), *Śubha* 560 (mukharoga 53), *Śubhamkara* 561 (vraṇasotha 56–57; kṣudraroga 81–82), Sudāntasena (pāṇḍuroga 9; rājayakṣman 9–12; chardi 27; mādatyaya 11–12; mukharoga 73–74; sneha 13–14), *Sūdāśāstra* 562 (jvara 31–32 and 44; rājayakṣman 13–15; mādatyaya 61–65; vamana 14), 563 *Śukatantra* 564 (jvara 2), 565 *suśrutapāṭhanuvādinaḥ* (kṣudraroga 1), *Suvīra* 566 (vraṇasotha 99), *Svalpavāgbhaṭa* (pāṇḍuroga 35–40; prameha 30–37 and 47–49; śotha 48–51; kuṣṭha 131–133; mukharoga 41 and 71; karṇaroga 16 and 23–24), *Svāmidāsa* 567 (jvara 5), *Svarasāyana* 568 (āmavāta 29–34), 569 *Tantra* (karṇaroga 38), *tantrāntara* (jvara 5, 8–9, 34, 49, 64, 124, 150; arśas 18–22, 100–103, 153–158; agnimāndya 90–91; krimi 10; pāṇḍuroga 11; raktapitta 39–42 and 66–73; kāsa 59–64 and 65–68; chardi 1; unmāda 21–28; apasmāra 7–8; vātavyādhi 227–271; vātarakta 13; āmavāta 15 and 23–28;

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pariṇāmaśūla 21–22 and 75–76; gulma 71–72; udara 1, 16, 58; plīhayakṛt 26–29; śotha 8, 33–34, 48–51; vraṇasotha 49, 76–80, 91–92; nāḍīvraṇa 16; kuṣṭha 57, 63, 74–82, 131–133, 134–135; amlapitta 23–24; 570 visarpa 2 and 33; 571 kṣudraroga 23, 35–37, 66–71, 96; mukharoga 8, 20, 51, 58cd; karṇaroga 41; nāsāroga 29–31; netraroga 6; rasāyana 160, 166, 190–195; vṛṣya 15–25 572 and 50–51; 573 sneha 13–14 and 21–22; vireka 28; anuvāsana 24–25; nirūha 13, 22–25, 574 26–27, 28–30, 575 31), 576 *Tantrapradīpa* 577 (pariṇāmaśūla 54; mukharoga 16 and 17), *Tattvakalikā* 578 (vraṇasotha 46, 54, 56–57; vṛṣya 55), 579 *ṭīkākāra* (visarpa 2), *ṭīkākāraḥ* (bhagna 16–27), *ṭīkākṛt* (rājayakṣman 61–63), *ṭīkākṛtaḥ* (jvara 17; grahaṇī 72–76; raktapitta 34–36; hikkāśvāsa 19–20; tṛṣṇā 10–11), *Ṭippaṇī* (kuṣṭha 41), 580 *Tiṣaṭa* 581 (jvara 3 and 19; vṛddhi 15; visarpa 34; masūrikā 24), *Trilocanadāsa* (vātavyādhi 150–154), 582 *udicyāḥ* 583 (anuvāsana 33), 584 *Ugrasena* 585 (nāḍīvraṇa 5), 586 *Ujjvalako-śa* 587 (vātavyādhi 3–5), *Umāpati* 588 (āmavāta 29–34), *Uttarakārikā* (vamana 16; anuvāsana 33), 589 *Vāgbhaṭa* (passim), *Vāgbhaṭa’s Svalpasamhitā* 590 (kāsa 30–31), *Vaidyakapradīpasamgraha* (jvara 3), 591 *Vaidyapradīpa* 592 (jvara 48; jvarātīsāra 1–2 and 16–25; atīsāra 30, 77 and 93–94; grahaṇī 5–6, 7, 29–36, 77–85; arśas 4–7 and 152; krimi 12; kāsa 30–31; hikkāśvāsa, intr.; tṛṣṇā 1 and 10–11; kuṣṭha 17; visarpa 41–42; kṣudraroga 104–106; mukharoga 113–117; karṇaroga 16 and 38; nāsāroga 1;

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netraroga 20; vṛṣya 50–51 and 56; anuvāsana 14–18), *Vaidya(pra)sāra* (rājayakṣman 40–46; 593 kuṣṭha 116–119), 594 *Vaidyaprasāraka* 595 (jvara 133, 247–252, 253–254, 256–257; atīsāra 64; grahaṇī 20–21; arśas 111–114; rājayakṣman 9–12; āmavāta 35–37; śūla 50–51; gulma 57–59; prameha 44; vṛddhi 27–30; kuṣṭha 17, 74–82, 104–110, 116–119, 131–133, 144–147; kṣudraroga 60–62, 66–71, 72–75; mukharoga 11, 73–74, 113–117; karṇaroga 23–24; nāsāroga 2–3; vṛṣya 15–25; nirūha 26–27), *vaiṣṇavāḥ* (anuvāsana 33), 596 *Vaitaraṇa* (aśmarī 47–49; bhagna 16–27; kuṣṭha 63; mukharoga 46–47; nirūha 28–30), *Vallabha* (vṛṣya 38–44), 597 *Vallabhā* 598 (jvara 84; agnimāndya 12–13 and 14–15; krimi 4; pāṇḍuroga 9; raktapitta 66–73; gulma 47; prameha 17; vraṇaśotha 75), Vangadeśīya Gandhaśāstra⁵⁹⁹ (vātavyādhi 227–271),⁶⁰⁰ Vaṅgasena (āmavāta 29–34), Vāpyacandra⁶⁰¹ (jvara 10–11; atīsāra 60; agnimāndya 77; mūrchā 11–12; gulma 91; sthaulya 29; udara 51; bhagandara 5; kuṣṭha 8–12), Varāhamihira (jvara 64 and 292),⁶⁰² Vararuci (raktapitta 82–96),⁶⁰³ Vasiṣṭha (kāsa 59–64),⁶⁰⁴ Vedavākya (raktapitta 82–96), Vibhākarapādaḥ⁶⁰⁵ (arśas 165–171;⁶⁰⁶ vātavyādhi 205–226; prameha 44), Videha (jvara 1, 20, 178–179, 277–278; jvarātīsāra 1–2; grahaṇī 20–21; kāsa 43; vātavyādhi 87 and 180–184; plihayakṛt 19–23; kṣudraroga 7, 12, 15, 49, 58–59, 66–71, 81–82, 83, 84–95, 93, 96, 98, 112, 126–133; mukharoga 11, 25–26, 32–33, 43, 68, 69, 70, 89, 97–98; karṇaroga 8–9, 11–12, 13, 16, 23–24, 30, 33–34, 36, 43, 49;

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nāsāroga 2 and 7–8),⁶⁰⁷ Vijayarakṣita (intr. verses), Vikramādityadeva⁶⁰⁸ (arśas 83–92), Vimāna (jvara 18),⁶⁰⁹ vīravarmāṇa⁶¹⁰ (anuvāsana 33), Viṣṇupurāṇa (vṛṣya 15–25), Viṣṇuvarman⁶¹² (udara 51), Viśvāmitra (arśas 142–146; gulma 57–59; kṣudraroga 126–133), Viśvasāra⁶¹³ (galagaṇḍa 19),⁶¹⁴ Viśvavallabhā⁶¹⁵ (kuṣṭha 159), Vṛddhakāśyapa⁶¹⁶ (hikkāśvāsa 19–20; udara 31–38), Vṛddhasamhitā (jvara 292),⁶¹⁷ Vṛddhasuśruta (vātavyādhi 3–5; śūla 1 and 59–60; gulma 17; sneha 13–14), Vṛddhavāgbhaṭa (jvara 3, 211, 237–238, 272–274, 277–278, 288–290, 291; arśas 127–131; pāṇḍuroga 4–6, 11, 12–18; rājayakṣman 47–60; vātavyādhi 3–5, 13–16, 70, 81–85, 95, 138–139, 140; vātarakta 14; gulma 9–10, 41–42, 50–56, 57–59; mūtrāghāta 3; aśmarī 50–53; prameha 6–7, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 30–37, 47–49; udara 27–30 and 45; śotha 38–39 and 40–51; vṛddhi 23; vraṇaśotha 99; mukharoga 113–117), vṛddha(vaidya)(vyavahāra) (jvara 20; grahaṇī 72–76; arśas 14 and 83–92; pāṇḍuroga 11; raktapitta 7 and 15; kāsa 10–15 and 59–64; hikkāśvāsa 19–20, 24–29, 30–33; svarabheda 6; tṛṣṇā 23; apasmāra 23–28; vātavyādhi 27, 62–63, 74–75, 87, 106–116, 205–206, 227–271; ānavāta 29–34 and 35–37; śūla 50–51; pariṇāmaśūla 21–22, 26–28, 32–35, 75–76; hṛdroga 10; mūtrāghāta 15; aśmarī 37–38; prameha 44; udara 48; plihayakṛt 2; vraṇaśotha 98; nāḍīvraṇa 8; kuṣṭha 46, 55, 74–82, 111–115, 116–119; udarda 2; kṣudraroga 92 and 121; karṇaroga 30; sneha 15–16; vireka 16; anuvāsana 5 and 24–25;

v3.c42.s36.t1.128.5

nirūha 4–6, 20–21, 26–27, 31), Vṛddhavideha⁶¹⁸ (vātavyādhi 162–170), Vṛnda⁶¹⁹ (jvara 3, 64, 65–68, 116, 162–164, 178–179, 235; jvarātīsāra 26–27; atīsāra 54–56; grahaṇī 14–15 and 72–76; raktapitta 39–42; rājayakṣman 13–15 and 65–66; hikkāśvāsa 24–29 and 30–33; svarabheda 13; madātyaya 21–22; unmāda 7 and 31–33; vātavyādhi 3–5, 88–92, 1400; vātarakta 13, 21–23, 41; āmavāta 9 and 35–37; śūla 50–51; udāvarta 25; mūtrāghāta 1; aśmarī 13–16; prameha 16; sthaulya 5; udara 1, 48, 55–56; śotha 8 and 48–51; vṛddhi 22; ślīpada 24–30; vraṇaśotha 48, 59, 65–66, 68; nāḍīvraṇa 1, 3, 22; bhagandara 6, 13–17, 23; upadamśa 4, 5, 11, 13; bhagna 10, 11, 14–15, 16–27; kuṣṭha 2, 8–12, 24, 91, 111–115, 134–135, 150, 160–161; udarda 7; amlapitta 1, 12, 20, 23–24; visarpa 3–4; masūrikā 5, 7, 39; kṣudraroga 2, 10, 16, 20, 21–22, 23, 31, 35–37, 66–71, 81–82, 117–120; mukharoga 1, 9, 15, 32–33, 48, 52, 53, 54, 82, 96; karṇaroga 18–22, 23–24, 28, 30, 33–34, 38, 57, 59, 61; nāsāroga 17, 22, 28; netraroga 2, 14, 20; vṛṣya 15–25; sneha 2 and 8–10; vamana 9; anuvāsana 5, 24–25; nirūha 22–25), Vṛndakuṇḍa⁶²⁰ (jvara 20, 65–68, 199–200, 235; arśas 147–151; vātavyādhi 227–271), Vṛndakuṇḍa’s Siddhayoga (jvara 3), Vṛndasamgraha (jvara 175–177; agnimāndya 5; unmāda 21–28;

v3.c42.s36.t1.129

⁵⁹⁹ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.130

⁶⁰⁰ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.131

⁶⁰¹ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.132

⁶⁰² [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.133

⁶⁰³ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.134

⁶⁰⁴ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.135

⁶⁰⁵ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.136

⁶⁰⁶ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.137

⁶⁰⁷ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.138

⁶⁰⁸ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.139

⁶⁰⁹ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.140

⁶¹⁰ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.141

⁶¹² [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.142

⁶¹³ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.143

⁶¹⁴ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.144

⁶¹⁵ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.145

⁶¹⁶ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.146

⁶¹⁷ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.147

⁶¹⁸ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.148

⁶¹⁹ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.149

⁶²⁰ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.150

udara 59–62; visarpa 30; netraroga 19), Vṛndatippaṇī (raktapitta 39–42; karṇaroga 30), Vyāḍi⁶²¹ (rājayakṣman 28–29), Vyagradaridraśubhamkara⁶²² (vraṇaśotha 46, 48, 55; bhagandara 10; upadamśa 10; bhagna 10 and 11; kuṣṭha 63), Vyāsa⁶²³ (rājayakṣman 24–25), Yogamālā⁶²⁴ Yogamañjarī⁶²⁶ (jvara 2; netraroga 36), Yogapañcāśikā⁶²⁷ (hikkāśvāsa 11–14), 628 Yogaratnākara⁶²⁹ (jvara 2 and 32; grahaṇī 93–99; arśas 76–82 and 180; 630 prameha 44), 631 Yogaratnasamuccaya⁶³² (atīsāra 67;⁶³³ kāsa 65–68),⁶³⁴ Yogaratnasārasamuccaya⁶³⁵ (jvara 237–238), 636 Yogaśata⁶³⁷ (jvara 1, 141, 277–278; prameha 17; udara 50; kuṣṭha 20; mukharoga 73–74; netraroga 29), Yogaśataṭīkā (raktapitta 66–73),⁶³⁸ Yogaśataṭīkākāra (gulma 46),⁶³⁹ and Yogyukti⁶⁴⁰ (jvara 170; grahaṇī 7; krimi 12; raktapitta 66–73; kāsa 65–68; hikkāśvāsa 24–29; madātyaya 17–19; ānavāta 8; ślīpada 16; vraṇaśotha 1–2; sveda 16–17).⁶⁴¹

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⁶²¹ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.152

⁶²² [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.153

⁶²³ [text of the note]

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⁶²⁴ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.155

⁶²⁶ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.156

⁶²⁷ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.157

⁶²⁹ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.158

⁶³² [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.159

⁶³³ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.160

⁶³⁴ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.161

⁶³⁵ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.162

⁶³⁷ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.163

⁶³⁸ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.164

⁶³⁹ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.165

⁶⁴⁰ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.166

⁶⁴¹ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.167

Sources mentioned in D.CH. Bhattacharyya’s article and not found in the edited text are: Amṛtasāra,⁶⁴² Bhiṣagyukti, Dhanurveda, 643 Vaidyasāra, Loharasāyana, Nanadancanda, and Vikramaparākrama.⁶⁴⁴

v3.c42.s36.t1.168

⁶⁴² [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.169

⁶⁴⁴ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.170

Niścala and his Ratnaprabhā are quoted by Āḍhamalla,⁶⁴⁵ the glossator on the Rasaratnākara, Gopālādāsa in his Cikitsāmṛta, 646 Govindasena in the comments on his Paribhāṣāpradīpa, Jīvanandavidyāsāgara in his commentary on the Rasendrasārasamgraha, and Śivadāsasena in his commentaries on the Cakradatta and the Uttarasthāna of the Aṣṭāngahṛdayasamhitā.

v3.c42.s36.t1.171

⁶⁴⁵ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.172

The author mentions his name, Niścalakara, in the introductory verses of his commentary, which also acquaint us with the names of his parents, Lakṣmī and Sadānandakara. He obviously belonged to the Kara family of physicians, known as one of the lines of Bengali vaidyas from Bharatamallika’s Candrap Prabhā. Evidence found in the Ratnaprabhā suggests that he belonged to the part of Bengal called Rāḍha or Rāḍhā.⁶⁴⁷

v3.c42.s36.t1.173

⁶⁴⁷ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.174

D.CH. Bhattacharyya pointed to a detail in the formula of pāṇīyavaṭikā⁶⁴⁸ that might also confirm Niścala’s Bengal origin. The author of this prescription recommends, before taking these pills, the worship of Karuṇādhāra and Khasarpaṇa.⁶⁴⁹ Khasarpaṇa, a manifestation of Lokanātha,⁶⁵⁰ was revealed to an upāsaka called Śubhamkara in a village of the name Khasarpaṇa, situated in the Khāḍī maṇḍala of Bengal.⁶⁵¹

v3.c42.s36.t1.175

⁶⁴⁸ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.176

⁶⁴⁹ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.177

⁶⁵⁰ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.178

⁶⁵¹ [text of the note]

v3.c42.s36.t1.179

Niścala is described as a court physician in charge of the women’s departments (antaḥpuravaidya) and as a mahāmahopādhyāya in the colophon of the chapter on jvara. His position as a royal physician is confirmed by the functions held by some of his patients. The identity of the king who was his patron depends on his date.

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