一切經音義 19

English (machine translation) 19

Language: English

19.1

Compiled by the Great Tang Translation-Monk Huilin

Sounds and meanings for:
*Da fangguang shilun jing*, 8 fascicles, Huilin
*Daji xumi zang jing*, 2 fascicles, Huilin
*Daji da xukongzang jing*, 8 fascicles, Huilin
*Xukongyun pusa jing*, 2 fascicles, Xuanying
*Xukongzang pusa jing*, 1 fascicle, Xuanying
*Xukongzang pusa shenzhou jing*, 1 fascicle, Xuanying
*Xukongzang pusa qiuwenchi jing*, 1 fascicle, Huilin
*Guan xukongzang pusa jing*, 1 fascicle, Huilin
*Xukongzang pusa wen qifo jing*, 1 fascicle, Huilin
*Pusa nianfo sanmei jing*, 6 fascicles, Xuanying
*Fangdeng nianfo sanmei jing*, 10 fascicles, Huilin
*Pratyutpanna-samādhi-sūtra*, 3 fascicles, Huilin
*Bhadrapāla-sūtra* of the Mahāsaṃnipāta, 5 fascicles, Huilin
*Wuyan tongzi jing*, 2 fascicles, Xuanying
*Daji piyu wang jing*, 2 fascicles, Huilin
*Da'ai jing*, 8 fascicles, Huilin
*Akṣayamati-sūtra*, 7 fascicles, Huilin
*Bao nü suo wen jing*, 3 fascicles, Huilin
*Akṣayamatinirdeśa-sūtra*, 6 fascicles, Huilin
*Zizaiwang pusa jing*, 2 fascicles, Xuanying
*Fenxunwang suo wen jing*, 2 fascicles, Xuanying
The above comprises 21 sūtras in 81 fascicles.

19.3

Da fangguang shilun jing

19.4

Fascicle One

19.5

Compiled by Huilin

19.6

浚流 (The fanqie is x- + j- [xùn]. Guo's commentary on the Erya states: '浚 means deep.' The Guangya states: 'Overflowing; entering.' The Jixun states: 'A rapid current of water.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'To dredge. It takes radical 水 with 夋 abbreviated as phonetic.' It is also written as [濾-(七/思)+(一/谷)] or [貝*睿]).

19.7

駛流 (The fanqie is sh- + l- [shǐ]. The Cangjie pian states: 'Water flowing rapidly.' The Kaosheng states: 'Fast.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'It takes radical 馬 with 史 as phonetic.')

19.8

賑給 (Both fanqies zh- + r- [zhèn] and zh- + r- [zhěn] are applicable. The Erya states: '賑 means wealthy.' Guo's commentary states: 'Abundantly wealthy.' The Kaosheng states: 'To relieve; to supply; to aid.' The Yunquan states: 'To bestow.' Or written as 䝩; a phono-semantic character).

19.9

阿波摩羅 (Corrupted and inaccurate Sanskrit. The proper Sanskrit sound is apasmāra, which is a general name for malevolent demons [epilepsy demons]).

19.10

記莂 (The fanqie is b- + l- [bié]. The Buddha bestows a prophecy [vyākaraṇa] distinguishing and clarifying their future matters).

19.11

Fascicle Two

19.12

璫環 (The upper character is pronounced dāng: a pearl ear-ornament. The lower character is pronounced huán. The Yunying states: '環 means pendant rings, namely ear-rings [耳𨎶]; shaped like a wheel, it is also an ear treasure-ornament.')

19.13

環釧 (The upper character denotes arm-rings and bracelets, made either from ivory and inlaid with the seven jewels, or fashioned from gold and silver in the form of a ring. The lower character has the fanqie zh- + l- [chuàn]; 釧 is also a bracelet; both are treasured ornaments for the arms and wrists).

19.14

緻密 (The fanqie is ch- + l- [zhì]. The Kaosheng states: 'Silk fabrics closely woven.' Zheng's commentary on the Book of Rites states: '緻 also means dense.' The Erya states: 'Fine threads are called 緻.' Guo's commentary states: 'Ragged fine sleeves; refined and boiled.' A phono-semantic character).

19.15

推山 (The fanqie is t- + l- [tuī]. The Kaosheng states: '推 means to push aside; to remove.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'It takes radical 手 with 隹 abbreviated as phonetic.')

19.16

欲[((甘/肉)*犬)/土] (Pronounced yā. The Jixun states: 'To press down; to squeeze.' An ideographic compound character).

19.17

Fascicle Three

19.18

三摩跋提 (Sanskrit; also termed samāpatti. In Tang speech it is translated as 'equipoise' [等至], an alternate name for meditative concentration [samādhi]).

19.19

餚饍 (The upper character has the fanqie x- + j- [yáo], a colloquial form; the standard form is 𰮍. The Yunquan states: '𰮍 means dried meat and prepared delicacies.' The Kaosheng states: 'Belonging to the class of tree-fruits.' Jia's commentary on the Guoyu states: 'Meats on stands.' Mao's commentary on the Classic of Poetry states: 'Vessel contents.' Zheng Xuan states: 'Offerings on stands and minces.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'To eat. It takes radical 肉 with 爻 as phonetic.' The lower character is pronounced shàn, also a colloquial character, properly written as 膳. Gu Yewang states: 'Present-day delicious items are called precious delicacies [膳].' The Yunying states: 'Delicacies of sacrificial meats.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'Complete meal. It takes radical 肉 with 善 as phonetic.')

19.20

麝香 (The fanqie is sh- + y- [shè]. Guo's commentary on the Shanhaijing states: 'The musk deer is a beast resembling a roe deer, dwelling in deep mountains and dangerous passes. The male has tusks in its mouth and musk in its navel; the female has neither tusks nor musk.' In the sūtra text it is written as 𥔡, which is incorrect).

19.21

[(臾-臼+?)/貝]客 (The upper character is pronounced gǔ. Zheng's commentary on the Rites of Zhou states: 'Transporting goods is called 𧷮 [merchant/shāng]; staying in place to sell is called [(臾-臼+?)/貝] [trader/gǔ].' Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan states: 'Stationary vending.' Zheng's commentary on the Book of Rites states: '[(臾-臼+?)/貝] means evaluating goods as dear or cheap.' The Erya states: '[(臾-臼+?)/貝] means a market.' The Baihu tong states: '[(臾-臼+?)/貝] means firm [固]; holding goods firmly and awaiting the people's arrival to seek profit.' The Gujin zhengzi states: 'Stationary selling and vending. It takes radical 貝 with [臾-臼+?] as phonetic'; [臾-臼+?] is pronounced gǔ. The Shuowen jiezi states: '[(臾-臼+?)/貝] derives from a person concealing themselves; the left and right represent the form of concealment.' In the sūtra text it is written as 估, which is incorrect).

19.22

擣簁 (The upper character has the fanqie d- + l- [dǎo]. The Yunying states: '擣 means pounding and ramming.' Formerly written as 𦦾; colloquially written as 㨶, which is incorrect. The lower character has the fanqie sh- + z- [shāi], and also sh- + m- [shǎi]. The Yunying states: '簁 means sifting through a sieve.' The Kaosheng states: 'A bamboo implement used for sifting medicinal powders. It takes radical 竹 with 徙 as phonetic.')

19.23

蘧麥 (The fanqie is j- + g- [qú]. The Yunying states: '蘧麥 is an herb, namely fringed pink [Dianthus superbus]. It takes radical 艸 with 遽 as phonetic.' It is also written as 𦼫, which is likewise accepted).

19.24

稗莠 (The upper character has the fanqie b- + m- [bài]. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan states: 'A weed resembling rice, yet not rice.' The lower character is pronounced yǒu. Mao's commentary on the Classic of Poetry states: '莠 [weeds] resembles grain, yet is not grain; only when the ear comes forth can one tell them apart.' The Shuowen jiezi notes it is a phono-semantic character).

19.25

穟既 (The fanqie is s- + c- [suì]. The Yunying states: 'The ear of grain.' The Classic of Poetry states: 'The ear of grain is 穟.' The Zitong states: 'The luxuriant appearance of grain and millet.' Or written as 穗, or as 𦼯; Wei Hong wrote it as 𥠂, and Fan Gong wrote it as 𥢁; all are acceptable).

19.26

田畯 (The fanqie is z- + x- [jùn]. Zheng's commentary on the Rites of Zhou states: 'In antiquity, the pioneer of agriculture who taught the people was called 畯.' The Erya states: '畯 is a farmer; an official in charge of agriculture.' A phono-semantic character).

19.27

Fascicle Four

19.28

挽箭 (The fanqie is w- + f- [wǎn]. Drawing a bow. It takes radical 手).

19.29

蹹彼 (The fanqie is t- + h- [tà]. It means trampling [踐]).

19.30

軻藍塚間 (Sanskrit [kāraṇa / charnel ground]; a place of numerous scattered graves).

19.31

欲撲 (The fanqie is p- + m- [pū]. The Yunying states: 'Striking with both hands and hurling to the ground is called 撲.')

19.32

舐足 (The fanqie is sh- + l- [shì]. The Yunquan states: 'Taking up things with the tongue.' The Shuowen jiezi states: 'It takes radical 舌 with 氏 as phonetic.' Or written as 狧, [隊-(阿-可)+舌], 𦧇, or 咶; these five forms were created at will by people of antiquity).

19.33

俸祿 (The upper character has the fanqie f- + y- [fèng]. The Kaosheng states: '俸 means official stipend; presenting.' The Gujin zhengzi gives it with radical 人 and 奉 as phonetic. In the Shuowen jiezi, the character 奉 takes 𡵄 and 手; in present clerical script it has been erroneously abbreviated; 𡵄 is pronounced fēng).

19.34

Fascicle Five

19.35

編椽 (The upper character has the fanqie b- + m- [biān]; the lower character is pronounced chuán).

19.36

棘朿 (The upper character has the fanqie j- + y- [jí]; the lower character has the fanqie c- + z- [cì]. Both of the above two refer to non-Buddhist heterodox views [ascetic practices with thorns]).

19.37

捉攬馬一毛 (The fanqie is l- + g- [lǎn]. In the great ocean there is a realm of rākṣasas; those rākṣasas constantly eat living people. There was a bodhisattva of great compassion who transformed into a celestial horse [Balāha] and flew to that land to rescue those people about to be eaten. The complete account is found in the Abhiniṣkramaṇa-sūtra and the Saddharmasmṛtyupasthāna-sūtra, both of which share this account; it is only briefly stated here).

19.38

Fascicle Six

19.39

舌噤 (The fanqie is q- + j- [jìn]. This was already explained in detail earlier in the Sounds and Meanings for the Daśacakra-kṣitigarbha-sūtra; it is not reiterated here).

19.40

Fascicle Seven

19.41

輾断 (The upper character has the fanqie n- + zh- [zhǎn]; this too was already explained in detail in the preceding Sounds and Meanings. The lower character 断 is a colloquial form; standardly it derives from 㡭 and 斷; 㡭 is pronounced jué [severed]).

19.42

輾除 (Also with the fanqie n- + zh- [zhǎn]. Sima Biao's commentary on Zhuangzi states: '蹍 means treading upon.' The Guangya states: 'To step on.' Its meaning is interchangeable with the previous character 輾, hence it is not elaborated).

19.43

Fascicle Eight (The text is simple and contains nothing needing phonetic glosses or explanations)

19.44

Daji xumi zang jing

19.45

Fascicle One

19.46

Compiled by Huilin

19.47

Mosquitoes and horseflies (蚊蝱: the upper character is [pronounced] with the fanqie of 勿 and 分; the lower character with the fanqie of 孟 and 耕. The Kaosheng says: "The name of an insect." The Shenglei says: "A horsefly resembles a fly but is larger." The Shuowen says: "Mosquitoes and horseflies are both biting, flying insects." 蚊 is sometimes written with the radical 䖵 as 蟁, also written as 𨷷, or written as 𱢳; these are all ancient character forms. 蝱 has the radical 䖵 and 亡 as phonetic. In the scriptures it is written as 蝱, which is a vulgar character, yet having been in long-standing use it is difficult to alter. 䖵 has the sound of 昆).

19.48

Locusts and insects (蝗蟲: the upper character is with the fanqie of 濩 and 光. The Kaosheng states: "An insect that eats grain." The Liji states: "Locusts are disaster-causing insects." The Cangjiepian states: "蝗 are 螽 (locusts/katydids)." The Shuowen says: "With the radical 虫 and 皇 as phonetic." The lower character is with the fanqie of 逐 and 融. The Erya says: "Those with legs are called 蟲; those without legs are called 豸." The Shuowen says: "蟲 has three 虫 radicals. 䖝 has the sound with the fanqie of 暉 and 鬼." 螽 has the sound of 終; 豸 has the sound of 雉).

19.49

Dangerous and vast (險壙: the upper character is with the fanqie of 杴 and 撿. The Kaosheng states: "Precipitous and obstructed; perilous. With the radical 阜 and 僉 as phonetic." The lower character is with the fanqie of 苦 and 晃. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states: "壙 means empty." The Cangjiepian states: "Bright; open and expansive." The Guangya says: "Vast. With the radical 土 and 廣 as phonetic. Those written with the radical 日 are also acceptable").

19.50

Lush and luxuriant (蓊蔚: the upper character is with the fanqie of 屋 and 孔; the lower character with the fanqie of 愇 and 律. The Cangjiepian states: "蓊蓊 is the appearance of luxuriant vegetation." In the Gujin zhengzi, both are written with the grass radical, with 翁 and 尉 as their respective phonetics).

19.51

Broad and narrow (廣陿: the fanqie of 咸 and 甲. Gu Yewang states: "陿 means cramped and narrow, not broad and large." The Gujin zhengzi gives it with the radical 𠂤 and 匧 [as phonetic]; 匧 has the sound with the fanqie of 謙 and 叶. It is also written as 陜, which arose from confusing and merging it with the character for Shaan Prefecture (陜州). In the scriptures it is written with the dog radical as 狹; this is an erroneous substitution and not the primary character).

19.52

Enter a bean-sized piece of coarse bran (入一豆𥢶: the fanqie of 口 and 外. The Zilin says: "𥢶 is coarse bran." The Shuowen says: "With the radical 禾 and 會 as phonetic").

19.53

Crude and savage (麁獷: the fanqie of 虢 and 猛. According to analysis, 獷 means having a ferocious, vicious, and obstinate nature. The Shuowen states: "Refers to a dog being fierce and vicious, not allowing anyone near. With the radical 犬 and 廣 as phonetic").

19.54

Sāokè (搔䤈: the upper character is with the fanqie of 桑 and 到; the lower character with the fanqie of 馨 and 鷄. This is a phrase in a dhāraṇī).

19.55

Disastrous hailstones (災雹: the fanqie of 龐 and 剝. Zheng's commentary on the Liji states: "The yang-qi is forced and constricted by the yin-qi, coagulating to form hail." The Shuowen states: "Rain that is ice. With the radical 雨 and 包 as phonetic." The character 災 is written in the scriptures as 灾, which is a vulgar character).

19.56

Dǐchì (底𢮓: the lower character is with the fanqie of 昌 and 制).

19.57

Bìchén (婢諶: the fanqie of 甚 and 林).

19.58

Gandha (揵咃: Sanskrit gandha. An older translation was 'crude and simple' (質朴). The correct Sanskrit pronunciation is 囐馱. It is also a phrase in a mantra).

19.59

Pimèiqī (毘迷踦: the lower character has the sound of 欺. This is also an incorrect Sanskrit transcription).

19.60

Lower Fascicle

19.61

Biting poison (齧毒: the fanqie of 研 and 結. The Liji states: "Do not gnaw on bones." The Shuowen states: "齧 means to bite. With the radical 齒 and 㓞 as phonetic." 㓞 has the sound with the fanqie of 慳 and 鎋).

19.62

Dànbùshǐ (嚪步簁: the upper character is with the fanqie of 時 and 燄; the lower character has the sound of 史. These are characters within a mantra phrase).

19.63

Mountain valleys (谿谷: the fanqie of 啟 and 雞. The Erya states: "Water flowing into a river is called a 谿." The Shuowen states: "A mountain torrent that has no outlet is called a 谿. With the radical 谷 and 奚 as phonetic").

19.64

Puddle overflowing (𣿳溢: the fanqie of 勞 and 到. The Kaosheng states: "Water gathered where rain falls." The Mao commentary on the Shijing states: "'Flowing puddles' are runoff pools." The Liji refers to the puddles of rainwater forming in late summer. The Shuowen says: "Rainwater. With the radical 水 and [(嶚-山+一)-小+火] as phonetic." 燎 has the sound with the fanqie of 力 and 召).

19.65

Castor oil (蓖麻油: the upper character is with the fanqie of 閉 and 迷. The Kaosheng says: "蓖麻 is the name of a medicinal herb; its seeds are mottled like blister beetles and shaped like dog ticks, hence the name." It is sometimes written as 𮏰. In the scriptures it is written with the bean radical as 豍; the Shuowen says 豍 means the cowpea, which is not the meaning of the scripture).

19.66

Snare of affection (愛羂: the fanqie of 決 and 縣. The Shenglei says: "羂 means to bind and capture." The Kaosheng says: "To catch with a rope." The Wenzidian shuo says: "With the radical 冈 and 羂 as phonetic." It is also written as 罥, which has the same meaning).

19.67

Stumble and fall (躓頓: the fanqie of 知 and 利. Guo's commentary on the Erya states: "疐頓 means to stumble and fall prostrate." The Guangya says: "躓 means to tread." The Shuowen says: "With the radical 足 and 質 as phonetic." It is sometimes written with 叀 as 疐; 𨊢 has the sound of 專).

19.68

Mahāsaṃnipāta-mahāgaganagañja-sūtra (Great Collection Sūtra of the Great Void Treasury)

19.69

Fascicle One

19.70

Translated by Tripiṭaka Master Amoghavajra of Xingshan Monastery; compiled by Huilin

19.71

Tireless (不𰆪: the fanqie of 一 and 艷. The Kaosheng states: "𰆪 means tired; fatigued." The Shuowen says: "With the radical 厂 and 𤡜 as phonetic." 厂 has the sound of 䍐. 𤡜 is composed of 甘, 肉, and 犬; thus a dog enjoys meat without surfeit or satiety).

19.72

Vigorous stride (奮迅: the upper character is with the fanqie of 分 and 問. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: "奮 means to move vigorously." The Guangya says: "To shake; to unfold." Guo's commentary on the Erya states: "Things possessing strength often rouse themselves vigorously (奮迅), hence the name." The Shuowen says: "翬; 翬 means to fly. Composed of 奞 over 田." 奞 has the sound with the fanqie of 戍 and 惟. 奞 refers to a bird spreading its feathers to rouse itself, which is why the character 奮 is composed with 奞).

19.73

Mount Sumeru (蘇迷盧山: Sanskrit. In the Tang language it is called 'Wondrously High Mountain' or 'Wondrous Light Mountain'; it is also called Mount Xumi (須彌山), which is also Sanskrit; they are all the same mountain).

19.74

Gush forth (涌出: the upper character is with the fanqie of 容 and 腫. Liu Zhao's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: "涌 means to surge upward." The Shuowen says: "With the radical 水 and 甬 as phonetic." 甬 has the same sound as above. In the scriptures it is written with the foot radical as 踊; 踊 means to leap or jump, which is not the meaning of the scripture).

19.75

Abiding in direct-presence mindfulness (住對面念: older translations of scriptures, keeping the Sanskrit sense, called this the pratyutpanna-samādhi, or translated it as 'the buddhas directly manifest before one'. This refers to speedy resonance; that is, entering the supreme concentration of manifest spiritual penetration in a single instant. Because Sanskrit phrasing is subtle and capable of containing multiple meanings, it is difficult to translate fully into this land. In various scriptures it is translated either as the 'samādhi of spiritual penetration' or called the 'single-practice samādhi' (ekavyūha-samādhi), each capturing only a partial meaning).

19.76

Actionless spiritual penetration (無行神通: 行 is pronounced with the fanqie of 幸 and 耕. The 'Xici' in the Book of Changes says: 'Without haste, yet swift; without moving, yet arriving'—this is its meaning).

19.77

Samāpatti (三摩鉢底: Sanskrit. In the Tang language it is called 'equipoise' (等至), which is an alternative name for meditative absorption (samādhi)).

19.78

Indeed so (唯然: the upper character is with the fanqie of 遺 and 癸, a phonetically borrowed character. The 'Quli' says: "唯 is a word of assent." The Cangjiepian says: "唯 expresses reverent agreement").

19.79

Stage of niyāma (尼夜摩位: Sanskrit. This is the non-retrogressing stage of a bodhisattva).

19.80

Fascicle Two

19.81

Door threshold (門閫: the fanqie of 苦 and 本. Zheng's commentary on the Liji states: "A 閫 is a door threshold." The Gujin zhengzi gives it with the radical 門 and 困 as phonetic).

19.82

Udāna (鄔馱南: Sanskrit. In the Tang language it is called 'gāthā verse' (偈句), or called 'footprint' (足跡)).

19.83

Torrential downpour (瀑流: the upper character is with the fanqie of 蒲 and 冐. The Guiyuan zhucun says: "Falling rainwater gathering together is called a torrential downpour (瀑流)." The Shuowen says: "The appearance of sudden, violent rain. With the radical 水 and 㬥; 㬥 is also the phonetic." 猝 has the sound with the fanqie of 村 and 訥).

19.84

Fascicle Three

19.85

Unobscured (無翳: the fanqie of 於 and 計. The Fangyan says: "翳 means concealed." The Yunying says: "To cover." The Guangya says: "To obstruct." The Shuowen says: "A feathered canopy. With the radical 羽 and 殹 as phonetic." 殹 has the same sound as above).

19.86

Fascicle Four

19.87

Kācilindika cotton (迦止栗那綿: also named 迦真隣底迦, the name of an auspicious bird. Its body has soft, delicate feathers, extraordinarily light and fine like silk floss, which can be spun into clothing or made into wadding. Only a wheel-turning sage king wears this garment. Although this kind of bird exists today, it is not truly that bird; its plumage is coarse and inferior, unsuitable for spinning into silk).

19.88

Fragrant and sweet-smelling (芬馥: the upper character is with the fanqie of 方 and 文. Zheng's Jian commentary on the Maoshi says: "芬 means fragrant." The Fangyan says: "Harmonious." Guo's commentary states: "A balanced and harmonious fragrance is called 芬芳." The Shuowen says: "With the radical 草 and 分 as phonetic." The lower character is with the fanqie of 馮 and 目. The Han-shi says: "馥 is the appearance of a fragrant scent." The Gujin zhengzi gives it with the radical 香 and 复 as phonetic; 复 has the same sound as above).

19.89

Sphatika / crystal (頗胝迦: Sanskrit name for a jewel. Here there is no direct translation; it is of the class of crystal. Its brilliance is clear and bright, pure without blemish. It has four varieties, with variations of blue, red, and purple. It is also a divine and auspicious treasure).

19.90

Impoverished and destitute (貧匱: the fanqie of 逵 and 位. Zheng's commentary on the Liji states: "匱 means lacking." The Mao commentary on the Shijing states: "匱 means exhausted." The Shuowen says: "With the radical 匚 and 貴 as phonetic." 匚 has the sound of 方. In the scriptures it is written with the food radical as 饋, which has a different meaning and is not the sense intended in the scripture).

19.91

Naked form (倮形: the fanqie of 華 and 瓦, a phonetically borrowed character. Gu Yewang states: "倮 means taking off clothes to expose oneself bare." The original sound is with the fanqie of 盧 and 果, which is not adopted here).

19.92

Stricken with various illnesses (嬰諸疾病: the upper character is with the fanqie of 伊 and 盈. The Yunquan says: "嬰 means to encounter; to entangle." The Shuowen says: "With the radical 女 and 賏 as phonetic." 賏 has the same sound as above. In the scriptures it is written as 𤕫, which is incorrect).

19.93

Naraka (𭡠落迦: Sanskrit. The upper character is with the fanqie of 奴 and 割. It means hell).

19.94

Windows (䆫牖: the upper character is with the fanqie of 楚 and 雙. The Kaogongji states: "In a wall it is called 牖; in a roof it is called 䆫." The Shuowen gives the pictograph as 囱, also written as 𡆧. The vulgar form is written with the radical 片 as 𤗉. In the scriptures it is written with the radical 穴, neither of which is the correct standard form).

19.95

Spears and lances (鉾矟: the upper character is with the fanqie of 莫 and 侯. The Kaosheng gives the correct form as 矛; a 矛 belongs to the dagger-axe class, a pictographic character. The Shuowen states: "A spear is one zhang and two chi long, mounted on a war chariot." It is also written as 𢦵 and 𨥨. In the scriptures it is written as 鉾, which is vulgar. The lower character is with the fanqie of 雙 and 捉. The Guangya says: "A 矟 is also a spear." The Gujin zhengzi states: "A 矟 is one zhang and eight chi long. With the radical 矛 and 肖 as phonetic." In the scripture text it is written with the tree radical as 𣓞, which is an incorrect vulgar character).

19.96

Fascicle Five

19.97

Without blinking (不眴: the fanqie of 玄 and 絹. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "眴 is the appearance of looking." Gu Yewang states: "When people today move their eyes to secretly caution someone, it is called 眴目." The Shuowen states: "Movement of the eyes. With the radical 目 and 䀏 as phonetic." 䀏 has the same sound as above).

19.98

Hook and chain (鈎鎖: the upper character is with the fanqie of 苟 and 侯. The Guangya says: "鈎 means to pull." The lower character is with the fanqie of 桑 and 果. The Kaosheng says: "鎖 means interlocking rings." The Shuowen gives both with the radical 金, with 勾 and 𧴪 as their phonetics. 𧴪 has the same sound as above).

19.99

Put on that [armor] (擐彼: the upper character is with the fanqie of 還 and 慢. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan states: "擐 means to don/put on." The Shuowen says: "With the radical 手 and the abbreviated 環 as phonetic").

19.100

Fascicle Six

19.101

Deceitful falsehood (矯誑: the upper character is with the fanqie of 驕 and 夭. The Jixun says: "矯 means fraudulent." Gu Yewang states: "Making false pretenses is called 矯." The Shuowen says: "矯 means usurping authority. With the radical 矢 and 喬 as phonetic, contracted from 夭." Nowadays popular writing adds the mouth radical on the right as 𠳮, which is erroneous).

19.102

Fascicle Seven

19.103

Without defect (不缺: the fanqie of 犬 and 悅. The Cangjiepian says: "缺 means deficient." The Shuowen says: "With the radical 缶 and the abbreviated 决 as phonetic." 缶 has the sound with the fanqie of 府 and 苟).

19.104

Restless agitation (躁動: the fanqie of 遭 and 奧. Gu Yewang says: "躁 also means to move." Zheng's commentary on the Analects says: "躁 means not being calm and quiet." The Shuowen says: "With the radical 足 and 喿 as phonetic." 喿 has the sound with the fanqie of 騷 and 到).

19.105

Divided into (析為: the fanqie of 星 and 績. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu states: "析 means to divide." The Shuowen says: "With the radical 木 and 斤 as phonetic").

19.106

一滴 (di, fanqie 丁歷 [d- + -(l)ek]): The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Di means water pouring down continuously.' It takes the water semantic and di (啻) phonetic. Sometimes written as 適. In the sūtra text it is written with the di (帝) radical as 渧, pronounced [di, fanqie] 丁計; 渧 means water flowing downwards, which is not the meaning intended in the sūtra; this is likely an error by a copyist.

19.107

孔隙 (xi, fanqie 卿逆 [q- + -(ng)ek]): The Guangya says: 'Xi means a crack.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A small hole between walls.' It takes the [radical] 𠂤 and has 𡭽 phonetic; 𡭽 consists of two xiǎo (小) flanking bái (白). The sūtra text uses 隟 with [the radical] cháo (巢), which is incorrect.

19.108

Fascicle Eight

19.109

染纈 (the first character is rǎn, fanqie 而琰 [r- + -(y)em]: The Boya says: 'Rǎn means to stain.' The Kaosheng says: 'To apply.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Dyeing silk into a deep color.' It takes the water semantic and zá (杂) phonetic. The second character is xié, fanqie 賢結 [x- + -(k)et]: The Wenzi jilüe says: 'Tying silk and dyeing it, then untying it to form patterns.' The Kaosheng also states: 'Tying silk and dyeing it to produce patterns.' The Gujin zhengzi takes the silk semantic and jié (頡) phonetic).

19.110

僮僕 (the first character is tóng, fanqie 徒紅 [t- + -(h)ong]; the second character is pú, fanqie 蒲卜 [p- + -(b)ok]: The Kaosheng says: 'Tóng refers to a male subject to menial service.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Tóng also means a servant (pú); a servant is a follower.' Serving a public lord is called chén; serving a private family is called pú. Both take the person semantic, with tóng (童) and pú (菐) as respective phonetics. 菐 is pronounced [bǔ, fanqie] 卜).

19.111

𧶝易 (mào, fanqie 摸侯 [m- + -(h)u]: The Mao Shi says: 'To buy and sell.' The Erya says: 'Market trading.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To exchange wealth is called mào.' It takes the cowrie semantic and yǒu (丣) phonetic. The sūtra text writes 𧴵, which is a vulgar character. 丣 is pronounced [mǎo, fanqie] 夘).

19.112

流竄 (cuàn, fanqie 村亂 [c- + -(l)uan]: Gu Yewang says: 'Cuàn is like fleeing.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To conceal.' It takes the rat semantic and xué (穴) phonetic).

19.113

緊迦羅 (kiṃkara) (the first character has fanqie 經引 [j- + -(y)in]).

19.114

弭末羅 (vimala) (the first character has fanqie 迷以 [m- + -(y)i]).

19.115

阿閦婆 (akṣobhya) (the character chù has the pronunciation [fanqie] 蒭六; these above three phrases are all Sanskrit names for numbers).

19.116

悚慄 (the first character is sǒng, fanqie 粟勇 [s- + -(y)ong]: Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'Sǒng means fearful.' Guo's commentary on the Erya says: 'Frightened.' The second character is lì, fanqie 隣窒 [l- + -(zh)it]: Guo's commentary on the Erya says: 'Trembling with fear and anxiety.' Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'Prudent and reverent.' The Shuowen jiezi says both take the mind semantic, with cì (朿) and lì (栗) as respective phonetics).

19.117

Xukongyun jing (Ākāśagarbha-sūtra)

19.118

Upper Fascicle

19.119

Compiled by Xuanying

19.120

空孕 (the ancient character is 𣎜, the same, fanqie 翼證 [y- + -(zh)ing]: According to the character analysis, containing substance is called yùn; yùn means conceiving a child).

19.121

礓石 (jiāng, fanqie 居良 [j- + -(l)iang]: Earth turning into stone shaped like ginger. The Tongsu wen says: 'When the ground has many small stones, they are called jiānglì stones').

19.122

寶線 (the ancient character is 綫, the same, fanqie 私賤 [s- + -(j)ian]: The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Xiàn is thread for sewing clothes').

19.123

為繐 (also written as 𦄑, the two forms being identical, fanqie 思銳 [s- + -(y)ue]: The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Fine white Shu cloth; generally, cloth that is fine yet loose-woven is called suì').

19.124

犀牛 (xī, fanqie 先奚 [x- + -(x)i]: Guo's commentary on the Erya says: 'Shaped like a water buffalo with a large belly, legs with three hooves, black in color, and with two horns; fond of eating thorny brambles; there are also those with one horn').

19.125

城隍 (huáng, fanqie 胡光 [h- + -(g)uang]: A ditch beneath a city wall without water is called a huáng).

19.126

Lower Fascicle

19.127

背大 (also written as [偕-白+月], the same, fanqie 蒲貝 [b- + -(b)ei]: Meaning to contravene or turn against. Gu Yewang says: 'Bèi means to abandon and act in opposition or rebellion.' The Guangya says: 'Bèi means north (běi), or behind').

19.128

Xukongzang pusa jing (Ākāśagarbha-bodhisattva-sūtra)

19.129

Compiled by Xuanying

19.130

澄霽 (jì, fanqie 祖計 [z- + -(j)i]: The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The stopping of rain is called jì; jì is like clearing up').

19.131

毦帶 (èr, fanqie 如志 [r- + -(zh)i]: The Tongsu wen says: 'An ornament made of hair is called èr, such as the decoration on a scabbard').

19.132

踣鈐 (the first character has fanqie 蒲北 [p- + -(b)ek]; the second character has fanqie 巨炎 [j- + -(y)an]).

19.133

豉漏 (the second character has fanqie 盧厚 [l- + -(h)ou]).

19.134

諾踦 (the second character has fanqie 居綺 [j- + -(q)i]).

19.135

䫂隸 (the first character has fanqie 都我 [d- + -(w)o]).

19.136

Xukongzang pusa shenzhou jing (Ākāśagarbha-bodhisattva Dhāraṇī Sūtra)

19.137

Compiled by Xuanying

19.138

薩皤 (two fanqie readings: 蒲何 [p- + -(h)o] and 補何 [b- + -(h)o]; according to character analysis, pó means white).

19.139

𠺕牟.

19.140

Xukongzang pusa neng man zhuyuan qiuwenchi fa jing (Sūtra on the Method for Fulfilling All Vows and Seeking Retention of What Is Heard by Bodhisattva Ākāśagarbha)

19.141

Compiled by Huilin

19.142

恰須 (the first character has fanqie 苦夾 [k- + -(j)ia]; the second character has fanqie 粟俞 [s- + -(y)u]) 盥洗 (the first character is guàn, fanqie 官換 [g- + -(h)uan]: Gu Yewang says: 'Washing any object is called guàn.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Washing the hands; it consists of jiù (臼) and water (水) looking over a vessel (皿)').

19.143

Guan Xukongzang pusa jing (Sūtra on the Contemplation of Bodhisattva Ākāśagarbha)

19.144

Compiled by Huilin

19.145

駈擯 (bìn, fanqie 必進 [b- + -(j)in]: Sima Biao's commentary on the Zhuangzi says: 'Bìn means to discard.' The Gujin zhengzi gives it with the hand semantic and bīn (賓) phonetic. The sūtra text takes the person semantic as 儐, which is an interchangeable character).

19.146

圊廁 (the first character is qīng, fanqie 七精 [q- + -(j)ing]; the second character is cè, fanqie 測事 [c- + -(sh)i]: The Shiming says: 'A privy (cè) is sometimes called a hùn.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A hùn is also a privy (cè); a cè is also a qīng.' Qīng takes the wéi (囗) semantic and qīng (青) phonetic; cè takes the yǎn (广) semantic and zé (則) phonetic. 囗 is pronounced wéi; 圂 has the fanqie 魂穩; 广 is pronounced yǎn).

19.147

Xukongzang pusa wen qifo tuoluoni zhou jing (Dhāraṇī Sūtra of Ākāśagarbha Bodhisattva Inquiring of the Seven Buddhas)

19.148

Compiled by Huilin

19.149

綫結 (the first character is xiàn, fanqie 仙箭 [x- + -(j)ian]: The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Xiàn is thread.' Sometimes written as 線. The sūtra writes 綖, which is incorrect).

19.150

匙㪻 (the first character is chí, fanqie 是之 [sh- + -(zh)i]: The Fangyan says: 'A spoon (bǐ) is called a chí.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes the bǐ (匕) semantic and shì (是) phonetic. The sūtra writes it with the wood semantic as 𣏚; the Kaosheng says this refers to the crossbar wood atop a millstone, which is not the meaning of the sūtra. The second character is juàn, fanqie 厥願 [j- + -(y)uan]: The Guangya says: 'Juàn means to ladle out (shū).' The Cangjie pian says: 'Shū means to take.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes the dǒu (斗) semantic and luán (䜌) phonetic. The sūtra writes it with the hand semantic as 捲, pronounced quán, which is not the meaning of the sūtra. 䜌 has the fanqie 力專 [l- + -(zh)uan]).

19.151

桔皮 (pronounced [with the fanqie] 肩嚙 [j- + -(ng)ie]: The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Jiégěng is the name of a medicinal herb.' It takes the wood semantic and jí (吉) phonetic. Gěng has the fanqie 古杏 [g- + -(x)ing]).

19.152

諧耦 (the first character is xié, fanqie 戶皆 [h- + -(j)ie]: Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: 'Xié means harmonious.' Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: 'Attuned.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Harmonious.' It takes the speech semantic and jiē (皆) phonetic. The second character is ǒu, fanqie 五口 [w- + -(k)ou]: The Boya says: 'Ǒu also means harmonious.' Gu Yewang says: 'Ǒu is like a match.' Jia's commentary on the Guoyu says: 'A pair.' The Shuowen jiezi says it takes the lěi (耒) semantic and yú (禺) phonetic. 耒 has the fanqie 雷對 [l- + -(d)ui]).

19.153

銅鍼 (the second character is zhēn, fanqie 汁深 [zh- + -(sh)en]: The Guangya says: 'Zhēn means to pierce.' Gu Yewang says: 'A zhēn is that with which one joins things.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'That with which one sews.' It takes the metal semantic and xián (咸) phonetic. Sometimes written as 箴, or as 針. The word cì (刺) is pronounced qī [戚]).

19.154

Fo shuo pusa nianfo sanmei jing (Sūtra on the Bodhisattva's Mindfulness of the Buddha Samādhi Spoken by the Buddha)

19.155

Fascicle One

19.156

Compiled by Xuanying

19.157

剌夵 (the first character has fanqie 盧曷 [l- + -(h)at]; the second character has fanqie 陟家 [zh- + -(j)ia]; the name of a śrāvaka disciple, in Sanskrit).

19.158

胄胤 (the first character is zhòu, fanqie 儔又 [ch- + -(y)ou]: Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'Zhòu means posterity.' Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: 'Zhòu means descendants (yìn).' The Shuowen jiezi says it also means yìn; it takes the flesh semantic and yóu (由) phonetic. The second character is yìn, fanqie 寅振 [y- + -(zh)in]: Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: 'Yìn is like an heir.' The Erya says: 'Yìn means succession.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Yìn refers to the continuous succession of descendants.' It takes the flesh semantic and bā (八); bā resembles elongation, and yāo (幺) also resembles cumulative growth).

19.159

Fascicle Two

19.160

氤氳 (the first character has fanqie 一隣 [y- + -(l)in]; the second character has fanqie 紆文 [y- + -(w)un]: The primordial qi, referring to the primordial vapor before heaven and earth separated).

19.161

渟流 (tíng, fanqie 狄經 [d- + -(j)ing]: The Picang says: 'Water that is stationary is called tíng').

19.162

派別 (pài, fanqie 普賣 [p- + -(m)ai]: The Shuowen jiezi says: 'A divergent stream of water branch.' The Guangya says: 'Water dividing itself into a flow').

19.163

Fascicle Three

19.164

分衛 (this is an erroneous transcription; the correct form is piṇḍapāta, here translated as 'alms-food balls', referring to walking for alms).

19.165

京畿 (also written as 圻, the same, fanqie 渠衣 [q- + -(y)i]: The Zhouli says: 'A thousand square li is called the state's jī.' Jī means boundary).

19.166

慴伏 (fanqie: 徒頰). The Erya says: '慴 means to fear.' Guo Pu says: 'That is, to be terrified (恐懾).' 懾 has the pronunciation 之涉 fanqie.

19.167

Fascicle 4

19.168

懟恨 (fanqie: 除類). The Kaosheng says: '懟 means resentment.' The Erya says: 'It means hatred.' The Shuowen gives the same meaning as the Erya; it is formed from [the semantic component] 心 (heart) and 對 as the phonetic component.

19.169

摶食 (fanqie: 徒官). Gu Yewang says: '摶 means to compress into a ball and make adhere together.' The Liji says: 'Do not roll rice into balls (無摶飯).' The Shuowen says it is formed from [the semantic component] 手 (hand) and 專 as the phonetic component.

19.170

Fascicle 5

19.171

瘡疣 (fanqie: 有求). The Kaosheng says: 'A 疣 (wart) is a disease, meaning a nodule in the skin.' The Gujin zhengzi also says: 'It is a disease.' It is formed from [the semantic component] 疒 (sickness) and 尤 as the phonetic component; it is also written with 肉 (flesh) as 肬. The pronunciation of 腹 as 又 is not accepted here.

19.172

塵坌 (fanqie: 盆問). The Kaosheng says: '坌 means dust gathering in large quantities.' The Guiyuan zhucong says: '坌 also means dust.' The Shuowen says it is formed from [the semantic component] 土 (earth) and 分 as the phonetic component.

19.173

Fascicle 6

19.174

瞚頃 (fanqie: 輸閏). The Lüshi chunqiu says: 'Ten thousand generations are like a single blink (瞚).' The Shuowen says: 'It refers to the eyes opening and closing, fluttering repeatedly.' It is formed from [the semantic component] 目 (eye) and 寅 as the phonetic component; it is also written as 瞬. The sūtra text writes 眴, which is not correct in meaning.

19.175

掘井 (fanqie: 群勿). Gu Yewang says: '掘 means to dig the ground.' The Guangya says: 'It means to pierce/bore.' The Shuowen says it is formed from [the semantic component] 手 (hand) and 屈 as the phonetic component.

19.176

Dafangdeng daji pusa nianfo sanmei jing (Mahāvaipulya Mahāsaṃnipāta Bodhisattva-buddhānusmṛti-samādhi-sūtra)

19.177

Fascicle 1

19.178

Compiled by Huilin

19.179

楣棖 (the upper character has the fanqie 媚悲. Guo's commentary on the Erya says: '楣 refers to the crossbeam above a door.' The Shuowen says it is formed from [the semantic component] 木 (wood) and 眉 as the phonetic component. The lower character has the fanqie 宅耕. Guo Pu says: '棖 refers to the wooden posts on both sides of a door.' Zheng's commentary on the Shijing says: '棖 refers to the wood above the door sill that is near the sides.' The Shuowen says it is formed from [the semantic component] 木 (wood) and 長 as the phonetic component. 梱 is pronounced with the fanqie 坤穩).

19.180

樞𨵵 (the upper character has the fanqie 觸朱. Guo's commentary on the Erya says: 'It refers to the door-leaf pivot (樞) of doors and gateways. It also refers to that which holds the door's pivot to make it secure.' The Shuowen says: 'The pivot of an inner door.' It is formed from [the semantic component] 木 (wood) and 區 as the phonetic component. The lower character has the fanqie 含臘. The Erya says: '𨵵 is called a door-leaf (扉); that is, a leaf of a door.' Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: 'When made of wood it is called 𨵵; when made of bamboo it is called 扇.' The Shuowen says: '𨵵 means a single leaf closed.' It is formed from [the semantic component] 門 (gate) and 盇, with 盇 also serving as the phonetic component).

19.181

廁窴 (fanqie: 徒堅). The Cangjie pian says: '窴 means to block/fill up.' The Shuowen gives the same meaning; it is formed from [the semantic component] 穴 (cave) and 真 as the phonetic component.

19.182

傀偉 (also written as 褒; fanqie: 古回. Sima Biao's commentary on the Zhuangzi says: '傀 means beautiful, being in full flourish.' The lower character has the fanqie 韋鬼. The Picang says: '偉 means great.' The Shuowen says: 'Extraordinary.' Both characters are formed from [the semantic component] 人 (person), with 鬼 and 韋 as their respective phonetic components. The sūtra manuscript writes them with 玉 (jade) as 瑰瑋, which is also interchangeably used).

19.183

Fascicle 2

19.184

亭傳 (fanqie for the upper character: 徒丁; the lower character: 直戀. Following the Qin, the Han dynasty placed a post station (亭) every ten li. 亭 means to halt; 傳 means to transmit/relay).

19.185

熸燼 (the upper character has the fanqie 接鹽. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'Between Wu and Chu, the extinguishing of fire is called 熸.' The lower character has the fanqie 似進. Zheng's commentary on the Mao Shijing says: 'What remains of fire is called 𱫮.' Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'It refers to wood remaining from fire.' The Shuowen says both are formed from [the semantic component] 火 (fire), with 朁 and 聿 as their respective phonetic components. The sūtra manuscript writes it with 韱 as 𤒯, which is incorrect. Writing it with 盡 as 燼 is a popular character form).

19.186

Fascicle 3 (not previously glossed)

19.187

Fascicle 4

19.188

無謇 (fanqie: 居展. The Fangyan says: '謇 means to stammer.' The Chuci says: 'Speech that does not flow smoothly is called stammering (謇吃).' The Gujin zhengzi says it is formed from [the semantic component] 言 (speech) and an abbreviated 蹇 as phonetic component; it is also written as 𧮈).

19.189

Fascicle 5

19.190

嘶破 (also written as 廝; fanqie: 先奚. The Cangjie pian says: '廝 means sick, speech being weak.' In Eastern Qi, a broken voice is called 廝. The Shenglei says it means aching pain. In ancient times there was no standard character; the present standard character is formed from [the semantic component] 口 (mouth) and 斯 as the phonetic component. It is also written as 𧬊, all with the same meaning).

19.191

Fascicle 6

19.192

門闑 (also written as 臬; fanqie: 魚列. The Erya says: 'A doorpeg is called 闑, which is the threshold.' The Shuowen says it is formed from [the semantic component] 門 (gate) and 臬 as the phonetic component. 臬 has the same pronunciation as above).

19.193

廝伇 (fanqie: 新移. The character dictionaries say: '廝 means menial labor; it refers to lowly service.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'A 廝伇 is a menial servant or groom; one who is employed.' It is formed from [the semantic component] 广 and 斯 as the phonetic component).

19.194

Fascicle 7 (not previously glossed)

19.195

Fascicle 8

19.196

法鞉 (fanqie: 徒刀. Zheng's commentary on the Yili says: 'A 鞉 is like a drum but small; one shakes it holding its handle.' The Shuowen says it is formed from [the semantic component] 革 (leather) and 兆 as the phonetic component. The standard form is written 鞀; it is also written as 䩞, 𪔛, or 𪔓, all with the same meaning. In large seal script it is written as 𪔓).

19.197

鏝陀 (fanqie: 莫槃. Checking the sūtra text, this is the name of a pond in the Trāyastriṃśa Heaven. Because it is Sanskrit, one merely notes its sound without seeking the Chinese character's meaning. If one followed the character, it would be the character for a plasterer's trowel (泥鏝), which conflicts with the sense of the sūtra).

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese