一切經音義 44

English (machine translation) 44

Language: English

44.1

Compiled by the Monk Huilin, Translator of Sūtras of the Great Tang

Sounds and meanings for:
*Pusa benxing jing*, three fascicles — compiled by Xuanying
*Faji jing*, six fascicles — compiled by Huilin
*Guancha zhufa xing jing*, four fascicles — compiled by Huilin
*Pusa chutai jing*, five fascicles — compiled by Xuanying
*Hongdao guangxian jing*, four fascicles — compiled by Xuanying
*Shideng gongde jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Xuanying
*Yangjuemóluó jing* (Aṅgulimālīya-sūtra), four fascicles — compiled by Xuanying
*Wusuoyou pusa jing*, four fascicles — compiled by Huilin
*Mingdu wushi jiaoji jing*, two fascicles — compiled by Huilin
*Zhongyin jing*, two fascicles — compiled by Xuanying
*Dafagu jing* (Mahābherīhāraka-sūtra), two fascicles (no glossed terms)
*Wenshu wen jing*, two fascicles — compiled by Xuanying
*Wenshu wenshu jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Xuanying
*Qianfo yinyuan jing*, one fascicle
*Rulai mimi zang jing* (Tathāgatagarbha-sūtra), two fascicles
*Yueshangnü jing* (Candrottarādārikā-vyākaraṇa), two fascicles — compiled by Xuanying
*Fodi jing* (Buddhabhūmi-sūtra), one fascicle — compiled by Xuanying
*Da qibao tuoluoni jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Xuanying
*Yijiao jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Chusheng putixin jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Xuanying
*Mie shiming jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Xuanying
*Moniluodan jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Yichu pusa benqi jing*, one fascicle
*Yueming pusa jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Xinming jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Shanye jing* (Bhadrakārātrī-sūtra), one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Deguang taizi jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Xuanying
*Shangzhu tianzi jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Chamopodi jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Moni jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Zhufa zuishang wang jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Foyin jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Wenshu boniepan jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Lumu jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Luzi jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Xianshou jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Shouchi qifo jing*, one fascicle (no glossed terms)
*Dayi jing*, one fascicle
*Jiangu nü jing*, one fascicle
*Ligouhui pusa wen lifo jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Yourao fota jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Zaota gongde jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Jizhao sanmodi jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Youdenü wen jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Dacheng sifa di jing*, one fascicle (no glossed terms)
*Buzeng bujian jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Ji fazhu jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Xuanying
*Fo wei haillongwang jing*, one fascicle (no glossed terms)
*Miaose wang jing*, one fascicle (no glossed terms)
*Dacheng liuzhuan jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Shizi suotuo jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Nihuan hou guanla jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
*Babu foming jing*, one fascicle — compiled by Huilin
The above fifty-three sūtras in eighty-two fascicles share the phonetic glosses of this fascicle.

44.3

*Pusa benxing jing*, Upper Fascicle

44.4

Compiled by Xuanying

44.5

軍持 (kuṇḍikā: the correct Sanskrit form is kuṇḍikā; it refers to a two-spouted water flagon for washing, or is translated as a pitcher).

44.6

𤈓穀 (parched grain: also written as 炒, 㷅, or [烈-列+(甬-用+((巨-匚)@十))]; all three forms are homophonous with chu + jiao fanqie. The *Fangyan* states: "㷅 means to dry with fire.")

44.7

牂𦍝 (sheep and ram: the first character is zu + lang fanqie; a sheep at three years of age is called a 牂, which conveys an abundant appearance. The second character is ding + xi fanqie; 𦍝 or 羖𦍝 refers to a castrated ram. The sūtra text writes it as 𤘳, ding + li fanqie, meaning 'to butt'; 𤘳 is not the character intended by the sūtra).

44.8

來抴 (pulling along: also written as 曳; homophonous with yu + shi fanqie. The *Shuowen jiezi* says: "抴 means to draw; it means to lead or pull along.")

44.9

羯羠 (castrated ram: yin + ji fanqie. The *Shenglei* says: "A castrated sheep." Xu Guang said: "羯 and 羠 both mean a gelded ram.")

44.10

慍心 (resentful heart: yu + wen fanqie. 慍 means anger. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: "慍 means anger." The *Cangjiepian* states: "慍 means resentment.")

44.11

璣鄯尼 (Ji-shan-ni: the first character is ju + yi fanqie; the following characters are pronounced shi + zhan fanqie. The name of a nāga prince).

44.12

刖其 (severing it: yu + jue and wu + gu fanqie. 刖 is like 'to cut off'. The sūtra text writes 刓, wu + huan fanqie, meaning 'to trim evenly').

44.13

上旋 (turning upward: si + yuan fanqie. 旋 means to revolve. The sūtra text writes 矩, ju + yu fanqie; a square is called a 矩, meaning a carpenter's square or standard, which is not the intended meaning here).

44.14

邪旬 (cremation: also written as 闍維 [jhapita/jhāpita] or 闍毗, which share the same meaning; the correct term is jhāpita, which carries the meaning of incinerating or burning).

44.15

Middle Fascicle

44.16

災禍 (disasters and calamities: also written as 烖, 灾, or 𣏹; all three forms are homophonous with ze + cai fanqie. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: "A devastating fire caused by heaven is called a 災 [disaster].")

44.17

蜥蜴 (lizard: si + li fanqie; the second character is yi + shi fanqie. When found in grass it is called xiyi. The sūtra text writes 𧊤, which is an error).

44.18

金拂 (golden whisk: fu + wu fanqie. The *Guangya* states: "拂 means to remove, referring to wiping away dust and dirt; it also means to dust clean." The sūtra text writes it with the radical jin [巾] as 怫, or as 𣭘, both of which are incorrect).

44.19

Lower Fascicle

44.20

騷動 (commotion and disturbance: su + lao fanqie. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: "騷 means to disturb; it means unrest and turmoil.")

44.21

萬歧 (innumerable forkings: also written as 𨙸 or 𪨵; both homophonous with ju + yi fanqie. It refers to roads having branches).

44.22

晃焴 (brilliant and shining: the first character is also written as 晄, and in ancient script as 熿; homophonous with hu + guang fanqie. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: "晃 means bright." The *Guangya* states: "晃 means radiance." The second character is also written as 煜; homophonous with you + ju fanqie. The *Shuowen jiezi* states: "煜 means shining." The *Picang* states: "煜 indicates an appearance of great splendor.")

44.23

瘡瘢 (scar from a wound: pu + lan fanqie. The *Cangjiepian* says: "瘢 means a scar (hen); hen is hu + gen fanqie.")

44.24

*Faji jing*, Fascicle One

44.25

Compiled by Huilin

44.26

羸損 (emaciated and deteriorated: li + zhui fanqie. Du [Yu]'s commentary to the *Zuo zhuan* says: "羸 means weak." Jia [Kui]'s commentary to the *Guoyu* says: "羸 means sick." The *Shuowen jiezi* states: "羸 means thin; it is composed of 'sheep' (羊) with 𣎆 as its phonetic component; 𣎆 is pronounced luo + wo fanqie.")

44.27

曀障 (cloudy gloom and obstruction: the first character is yi + ji fanqie. The Commentary to the *Mao Shi* says: "When the persistent wind blows at dawn, it is gloomy; when it is not sunny, there is gloom." The *Erya* says: "Overcast and windy weather is called yi." The *Shuowen jiezi* states: "It is composed of 'sun' (日) with 'one' (壹) as its phonetic element." The second character is zhang + rang fanqie. The *Kaosheng* says: "Zhang means to obstruct or shield." The *Shuowen jiezi* says: "Zhang means to separate or block off; it is composed of the mound radical (𨸏) with zhang (章) as its phonetic element.")

44.28

Fascicle Two

44.29

駿疾 (swift and rapid: zun + jun fanqie. Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the *Mu Tianzi zhuan* says: "Jun is an epithet of praise for fine steeds." The *Shuowen jiezi* states: "A superior horse; it is composed of 'horse' (馬) with qun (夋) as its phonetic element; qun is qi + xun fanqie.")

44.30

膚豓 (beautiful complexion: the first character is fu + wu fanqie. The *Mao Shi* says: "膚 means beautiful." The *Shuowen jiezi* says: "膚 means skin; it is composed of 'flesh' (肉) with the abbreviated form of lu (盧) as its phonetic element." The second character is yan + tie fanqie. The *Mao Shi* says: "Beautiful allure is called yan." The *Zuo zhuan* says: "Fair and alluring; this is it." The *Shuowen jiezi* says: "It is composed of feng (豊), da (大), and xue (血)." The sūtra writes it with the radical 'color' (色) as 艷, which is a vulgar character).

44.31

虹起 (a rainbow rises: hu + dong fanqie. The *Erya* says: "The didong is a rainbow." The *Liji* states: "In the last month of spring, rainbows begin to appear; this is it." The *Shuowen jiezi* states: "Composed of 'insect' (虫) with gong (工) as its phonetic element." 螮 is di fanqie; 蝀 is dong fanqie).

44.32

秔糧 (non-glutinous grain provisions: the first character is ge + zheng fanqie. The *Kaosheng* says: "Non-glutinous indica rice." The *Shenglei* says: "Non-sticky rice." The *Shuowen jiezi* says: "Also a type of rice; composed of 'cereal' (禾) with kang (亢) as its phonetic element; kang is kang + lang fanqie." The sūtra writes it with the radical 'rice' (米) as 粳, which is a vulgar character. 秈 is pronounced xian).

44.33

蠅蟻 (flies and ants: the first character is yi + zeng fanqie. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the *Mao Shi* says: "Flies as insects sully black into white, and sully white into black." Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the *Erya* says: "Flies are fond of fluttering their wings." The *Shuowen jiezi* states: "An insect with a large abdomen; composed of 'insect' (虫) and an pictograph of a toad (黽); 黽 is meng fanqie. The second character is yi + yi fanqie, a vulgar character; the standard form is 螘. The *Erya* says: "Pipilika; the large are called pipilika, the small are called ants (螘)." The *Shuowen jiezi* says: "螘 are also pipilika; composed of 'insect' (虫) with qi (豈) as its phonetic element.")

44.34

Fascicle Three

44.35

矛矟 (lance and pike: the first character is mo + hou fanqie; the second character is shuang + zhuo fanqie. Already explained above in Fascicle Thirty-three of these *Sounds and Meanings*, under the *Zhengqi dacheng jing*).

44.36

戉斧 (battle-axes and hatchets: the first character is pronounced yue. Gu Yewang said: "Those who transgressed were decapitated with the battle-axe." The *Sima fa* says: "The Xia held dark battle-axes; the Yin held white battle-axes." The *Zhoushu* says: "The King held a yellow battle-axe in his left hand." Kong Anguo said: "Adorning an axe with an axe-blade. It is composed of ge (戈) with [戉-戈] as its phonetic element; [戉-戈] is jue fanqie." Or it is written with the 'metal' radical as 鉞, which is also interchangeably used).

44.37

Fascicle Four

44.38

跟踝 (heels and ankles: the first character is pronounced gen; the second character is hua + wa fanqie). 腨脛 (calves and shins: the first character is shi + ruan fanqie; the second character is xing + ding fanqie).

44.39

髀膝 (thighs and knees: the first character is pu + mi fanqie; the second character is xin + qi fanqie). 胸脇 (chest and flanks: the first character is pronounced xiong; the second character is zhan + ye fanqie).

44.40

腹肋 (belly and ribs: the first character is feng + wu fanqie; the second character is pronounced le). 肘腕 (elbows and wrists: the first character is zhang + liu fanqie; the second character is wan + guan fanqie).

44.41

肩臂 (shoulders and arms: the first character is pronounced jian; the second character is bei + mei fanqie). 頭頰 (head and cheeks: jian + ye fanqie).

44.42

頸項 (neck and nape: the first character is jing + ying fanqie; the second character is gang + jiang fanqie). 髑髏 (skull: pronounced du, pronounced lou).

44.43

窟宅 (den and dwelling: the first character is kun + wa fanqie). 爪齒 (nails and teeth: the first character is zhuang + xia fanqie; the second character is chi + zhi fanqie).

44.44

膓胃 (intestines and stomach: the first character is pronounced chang; the second character is pronounced wei). 脾腎 (spleen and kidneys: the first character is pronounced pi; the second character is pronounced shen).

44.45

心脨 (the second character: fanqie 妃 + 吠). 肪膏 (the first character is pronounced 方; the second is pronounced 高).

44.46

腦膜 (the first character: fanqie 乃 + 倒; the second is pronounced 莫). 涕唾 (the first character: fanqie 天 + 利; the second: fanqie 吐 + 臥).

44.47

髓腦 (the second character: fanqie 雖 + 觜). 䈥骨 (the first character is pronounced 斤).

44.48

齒齗 (the second character is pronounced 銀). 荷擔 (the first character is pronounced 何; the second: fanqie 多 + 甘, written with the hand radical 手).

44.49

稠林 (the first character: fanqie 長 + 流; the Guangya states: "稠 means dense." In the characters of the fourth fascicle above, most discuss the thirty-two marks of the Tathāgata, which have already been fully glossed and explained in the earlier Sounds and Meanings of the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-sūtra; therefore, only the pronunciations are provided here without glossing the words).

44.50

Fascicle Five

44.51

[倢-┴+山]疾 (the first character: fanqie 潛 + 葉; the Guangya states: "健徤." The Fangyan states: "Between the Song and Chu regions, wisdom is called 健." Guo Pu's commentary states: "慧 means lucid intelligence; 健 means agile." Gu Yewang states: "It refers to the appearance of fluency and quickness in vocal speech and expression." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Written as 疌, derived from 巾, 又, and 止." The Wenzidian states: "Derived from 亻 with 疌 as phonetic; writing it with 手 is incorrect").

44.52

糠糟 (the first character is pronounced 康; the Shenglei states: "Hulls of grain." The second: fanqie 臧 + 勞; the Shuowen jiezi states: "Wine dregs." Both characters are derived from 米 [rice], with 康 and 曹 serving as phonetics respectively).

44.53

麞鹿 (the first character is pronounced 章; the second is pronounced 祿. Lexicons state: "The roe deer (麞) is of the kind of small deer; those with horns are called deer (鹿), and those without horns are called roe deer (麞)").

44.54

Fascicle Six (no characters glossed with sound or meaning)

44.55

Sūtra on Observing the Conduct of All Dharmas, Fascicle One

44.56

Compiled by Huilin

44.57

捨㧖 (fanqie 烏 + 革; Bao Xian's commentary on the Analects states: "A crossbar used to bind and restrain (㧖) is this." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Derived from 手 with 戹 as phonetic; its orthodox form is written as 㧖." The sūtra text writes 扼, which is a vulgar character).

44.58

欲渡者撥 (fanqie 煩 + 發; the Kaosheng states: "A raft (橃) means binding bamboo or timber to float on water." The Shuowen jiezi also states: "A large sea vessel; derived from 木 with 發 as phonetic." Alternatively, it is written with 舟 as 𦪑; the sūtra text writes it with 竹 as 筏, which is a vulgar character).

44.59

撞弩 (fanqie 濯 + 江; Gu Yewang states: "撞 means to strike." The Guangya states: "To thrust." The Shuowen jiezi states: "To pound; derived from 手 with 童 as phonetic").

44.60

Fascicle Two

44.61

阿 (read in the rising tone). 波 (likewise read in the rising tone).

44.62

遮 (fanqie 作 + 可). 那 (fanqie 曩 + 可; the sūtra text writing it with 并 is incorrect).

44.63

陀 (read in the rising tone). 迦 (fanqie 薑 + 佉; also read in the rising tone).

44.64

蹉 (fanqie 藏 + 賀). 詫 (fanqie 坼 + 賈).

44.65

𠻬 (fanqie 宅 + 下; all the above are transcriptions of Sanskrit sounds and should not be parsed as Chinese words).

44.66

Fascicle Three

44.67

不槩 (fanqie 柯 + 亥; Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Liji states: "A strickle (概) is that which levels peck and bushel measures." It also states: "To measure." The Shuowen jiezi writes 𣏙: "The leveller for peck and bushel measures; derived from 木 with 既 as phonetic." Now colloquially pronounced with fanqie 古 + 外, and 𣏙 is pronounced 骨. The Shuowen jiezi states: "𣏙 means level; derived from 木 with 气 as phonetic").

44.68

電泡 (the first character: fanqie 田 + 見; the Shuowen jiezi states: "Lightning (電) is the flashing of yin and yang stimulating each other; derived from 雨 with [電-雨] as phonetic." The second character: fanqie 魄 + 茅; the Kaosheng states: "Bubbles floating on water." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Derived from 水 with 包 as phonetic").

44.69

Fascicle Four

44.70

鵁鶄 (the first character is pronounced 交; the second is pronounced 精. Guo Pu's commentary on the Erya states: "Resembles a heron with high legs and a feathered crest; households in Jiangdong domesticate it, saying it suppresses fire hazards." The Shanhaijing states: "On Mount Manlian there is a bird named the jiao (鵁); they fly in flocks, their tails resemble that of a hen, and its cry sounds its own name; eating it cures wind disorders." The Shuowen jiezi states: "鵁鶄." Both are derived from 鳥, with 交 and 青 serving as phonetics respectively).

44.71

嗟慨 (the first character: fanqie 借 + 邪; the Mao Commentary on the Shijing states: "嗟 means to praise." The Erya states: "To sigh or exclaim." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Derived from 口 with 差 as phonetic." The second character: fanqie 開 + 愛; Zheng Xuan's subcommentary on the Shijing states: "慨 means to sigh." The Shuowen jiezi states: "忨慨 means a gallant person failing to attain his ambition; derived from 心 with 既 as phonetic." Or written with 气 as 愾; writing it with 口 as 嘅 is a vulgar character).

44.72

調戲 (the first character: fanqie 條 + 弔; the Mao Commentary on the Shijing states: "調 means to tease or banter." The second: fanqie 希 + 義; Guo Pu's commentary on the Erya states: "戲 means playful teasing." The Shuowen jiezi states: "調 is derived from 言 with 周 as phonetic." The sūtra text writing it with 手 as 掉 means shaking, which is not this meaning. The Shuowen jiezi states: "The character 戲 is derived from 戈 with 䖒 as phonetic; 䖒 is pronounced with fanqie 許 + 衣." The sūtra text writes 戱, which is a vulgar character).

44.73

蹴蹋 (the first character: fanqie 秋 + 音; He Xiu's commentary on the Gongyang Zhuan states: "To kick or tread in reverse with the foot is called 蹴." The second character: fanqie 談 + 盇; the Picang states: "蹋 means the foot touching the ground." The Shuowen jiezi states: "蹋 means to trample." Both are derived from 足, with 就 and [日/羽] serving as phonetics respectively; [日/羽] is pronounced 塔).

44.74

Sūtra on the Bodhisattva in the Womb, Fascicle One

44.75

Xuanying

44.76

翅搜 (fanqie 尸 + 豉; the second: fanqie 所 + 流. Note that the city of Bhagīratha-Śākya is an Indian city; translated, bhagī means 'dwelling place', and śākya-sau means 'able'—that is, the city of the dwelling place of the Able One [Śākyamuni]. In sūtras it is sometimes written as the city of Shishi-shou, or as the city of Śrāvastī, or called the city of Kapilavastu; all are due to phonetic light-and-heavy variations in the Sanskrit names and corrupted pronunciations of 'Śākya').

44.77

自襞 (fanqie 卑 + 亦; 襞 means to fold (褺). The Guangya states: "襞 means to bend or fold"; 褺 is pronounced 牒).

44.78

儭身 (lexicons sometimes write 寴; it is the same character. Fanqie 且 + 𠫤, or fanqie 差 + 覲; 儭 means to arrive or to be close).

44.79

唼嗽 (fanqie 子 + 盇; the second character is also written 欶, identically; fanqie 所 + 角; the Tongsuwen states: "Taking in and sucking is called 嗽").

44.80

盖天 (various sūtras write 廅天; translated here, it means 'Heaven of Light and Longevity'; 廅: fanqie 烏 + 合).

44.81

阿波魔那天 (or written 廅波摩那天; translated here, it means 'Heaven of Immeasurable Radiance' [Apramāṇābha]).

44.82

阿會豆修天 (or written 阿波亘修天, or 阿波會天 [Ābhāsvara]).

44.83

相𭣙 (also written 摚, 㲂, or 掁, the three variants sharing the same pronunciation: fanqie 文 + 庾; meaning to collide with one another; 摚 means to hook or clash against).

44.84

哊咽 (fanqie 禹 + 六; the second: fanqie 於 + 賢; the Guangya states: "哊 means vomiting." It means the throat. The sūtra text writes 陏, pronounced 墮, which is an error).

44.85

[口*(十/田/寸)]㗱 (also written 𪙍, identically; fanqie 補 + 各; the second: fanqie 子 + 立; the Shuowen jiezi states: "[口*(十/田/寸)]㗱 denotes the appearance of flavors entering the mouth").

44.86

Fascicle Two

44.87

鼻𡹼 (fanqie 魚 + 偃; the Tongsuwen states: "Slack lips are called 𡹼磭; 磭 is pronounced with fanqie 昌 + 若; here it applies to this matter." The sūtra text writes 嵃, with fanqie 魚 + 產; 㟞嵃 means steep crags, so the character 嵃 does not fit the meaning).

44.88

如篅 (fanqie 市 + 緣; the Shuowen jiezi states: "Split bamboo rounded to contain grain." The Cangjiepian states: "A 篅 is a round granary." The sūtra text writes 簞, pronounced 丹, which is the name of a bamboo container; 簞 does not have this meaning).

44.89

蛄蟥 (fanqie 古 + 胡; mole crickets [螻蛄]. The second character: fanqie 胡 + 光; 蟥蛢 is an armoured beetle, as large as a broad bean and green in colour; 蛢: fanqie 蒲 + 丁).

44.90

Fascicle Three

44.91

勸訹 (fanqie 私 + 律; the Shuowen jiezi states: "訹 means to entice." The sūtra text writes 恤, which is incorrect).

44.92

揖讓 (the first character is pronounced 伊 + 入, meaning to push forward evenly, or to raise the hands slightly; the Guangya states: "揖 means to advance").

44.93

陶冶 (fanqie 徒 + 高; the second: fanqie 弋 + 者; 陶 refers to making earthenware; 冶 refers to melting in a furnace; 陶 means transforming, and 冶 means smelting).

44.94

僧那 (translated here as 'armour' [saṃnāha], referring to putting on and wearing great armor).

44.95

龜鼉 (fanqie 徒 + 多; the Sancang states: "Resembles a jiao-dragon but is larger." The Shanhaijing states: "The Jiang River abounds in tuó." Guo Pu states: "Resembles a lizard; large ones are one zhang long, with patterned scales, and can be used to make drums." The sūtra text writes it with 魚 as 𩵔, which is incorrect).

44.96

利㭰 (ancient script for 㭰, now written 𠲿, identically; fanqie 子 + 累; lexicons state: "㭰 means a bird's beak").

44.97

攣空 (fanqie 居 + 萬; the Tongsuwen states: "Drawing up water is called 攣." The Shuowen jiezi states: "To scoop out or drain").

44.98

Fascicle Four

44.99

蟲蝗 (two fanqie readings: 胡 + 光 and 胡 + 孟; grasshoppers; referring to locusts. Small ones are called 蝩 and large ones are called 蝗; it is said that they are transformed from fish roe. 蝩 is pronounced 鍾. The sūtra text writes 蟥, which is not the proper form).

44.100

軫宿 (fanqie 之 + 忍).

44.101

亢宿 (fanqie 恪 + 浪).

44.102

撩擲 (also written 摷, identically; fanqie 力 + 彫; meaning to fling and cast at each other; 擲 means hurling at one another).

44.103

杖挃 (fanqie 知 + 栗; the Guangya states: "桎 means to pierce; piercing with the fingers").

44.104

大辟 (the two ancient script forms are [辟/并] and 𠮃, identically; fanqie 裨 + 尺; 辟 means to withdraw or remove; the sūtra text writes 僻, as in 'hidden and secluded' [隱僻], which is incorrect).

44.105

𰰭除 (fanqie: 所 + 巖; to cut grass. The *Mao Commentary to the Odes* says: '𰰭 means to clear away weeds.' The scripture text writes 釤, fanqie 所 + 鑒, which is a large scythe; 釤 is not what is used here).

44.106

Fascicle 5

44.107

槍刺 (fanqie: 且 + 羊. The *Shuowen jiezi* says: '槍 means to clash against.' The *Tongsu wen* says: 'To sharpen wood to impale thieves is called 槍.' Both wooden and iron spears use this character. The scripture text writes 鏘, which is the ringing of jade ornaments; it also writes 鎗, both of which are incorrect).

44.108

八藏 (fanqie: 在 + 浪. 1. The treasury of transformation in the womb; 2. The treasury of the intermediate existence; 3. The Mahāyāna Vaipulya treasury; 4. The vinaya precepts treasury; 5. The bodhisattva of the ten abodes treasury; 6. The miscellaneous treasury; 7. The vajra treasury; 8. The Buddha treasury. The Sanskrit text says 'basket' (piṭaka), which has been replaced here with 'treasury' (garbha/kośa)).

44.109

*Sūtra on the Samādhi of Broadly Revealing the Great Way*

44.110

Fascicle 1 (not glossed previously)

44.111

Fascicle 2

44.112

Xuanying

44.113

蔚有 (fanqie: 於 + 謂; the appearance of ornate patterns. The *Guangya* says: '蔚 means numerous.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Variegated colors in abundance').

44.114

景風 (fanqie: 居 + 影. Among the eight winds, the southern wind is called 景風 [scenic breeze]; when the wind stirs, insects are born).

44.115

Fascicle 3 (not glossed previously)

44.116

Fascicle 4

44.117

力贔 (in ancient script written in the three forms 奰, 𢘍, and 𡘉; nowadays written 㔗, all equivalent; fanqie: 皮 + 冀. The *Shuowen jiezi* says: '贔 means robust and grand; it refers to exerting strength in anger.' The *Odes* says: 'To be angry without being drunk is called 贔').

44.118

輕驫 (the *Zuanwen* pronounces it with the fanqie 徒 + 答; another pronunciation is fanqie 風 + 幽. The *Guangya* says: '驫驫 means galloping').

44.119

*Sūtra on the Merit of Offering Lamps*

44.120

Compiled by Xuanying

44.121

羸痏 (in ancient script written in the three forms 𤹠, 𤶬, and 膌, all equivalent; fanqie: 才 + 亦; emaciated and thin).

44.122

支提 (also called 脂帝 [caitya] or a stūpa [浮圖]; here translated as 'aggregation of marks', referring to heaping up stones and the like to a height to make a sign; some say 'square mound', and others say 'shrine', each explained according to context).

44.123

*Aṅgulimālīya-sūtra*, Fascicle 1

44.124

Xuanying

44.125

龜𡍩 (fanqie: 恥 + 格. Zhuang Zhou says: 'There was a person of Song who was skilled at making an ointment against chapped hands.' The commentary says: 'That medicine keeps people's hands from chapping, peeling, and splitting').

44.126

烏伏 (written 句, equivalent; fanqie: 扶 + 富; it refers to brooding over eggs; for sitting hens and the like, this character is also used. Nowadays north of the Yangtze brooding over eggs is commonly called 菢, while south of the Yangtze it is called 蓲, pronounced with the fanqie 央 + 富).

44.127

Fascicle 2

44.128

虓闞 (also written 唬, equivalent; fanqie: 呼 + 交; the lower character has the fanqie 呼 + 檻. The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'The sound of an angry tiger.' The *Odes* says: 'Roaring like angry tigers').

44.129

雄傑 (fanqie: 奇 + 哲. The *Odes* says: 'Heroic men of the state.' The commentary says: '傑 means standing out uniquely; preeminent; having extraordinary capability.' One whose wisdom surpasses a thousand people is called a 傑).

44.130

興渠 (this transcription is slightly corrupt; borrow the sound with the fanqie 嫣 + 蠅; it is produced in the country of *Uḍḍiyāna/Oḍra-sthāna?*, and is commonly eaten by the people of that land; the tradition in this region that identifies it as rape turnip is incorrect; 嫣 has the fanqie 虛 + 延).

44.131

童真 (this is an alternative title for a novice [śrāmaṇera]; śikṣā here means 'study', and also 'compliance without defiance'. In Sanskrit it is *kumārabhūta*: *kumāra* is a general name in that land for youths from eight years old and above who have not yet reached the capping ceremony; *bhūta* here means 'true' or 'real').

44.132

酣醉 (in ancient script written 佄, equivalent; fanqie: 胡 + 甘. In the *Hanshu*, Ying Shao says: 'Neither drunk nor sober is called 酣.' Another explanation says: 'Delighting in wine is called 酣').

44.133

Fascicle 3

44.134

緜纊 (in ancient script written 絖, equivalent; pronounced 曠. The *Shuowen jiezi* says: '纊 means silk floss.' The *Xiao Erya* says: '纊 is silk wadding; the finest grade of silk wadding is called 纊').

44.135

津溜 (fanqie: 子 + 隣; the lower character has the fanqie 力 + 救. 津 means fluid; the *Cangjiepian* says: 'Fluid, juice.' The character dictionaries say: '溜 refers to water dripping down').

44.136

Fascicle 4

44.137

維持 (fanqie: 翼 + 隹. 維 is like connecting; also to sustain and support; to tie up).

44.138

嬉謔 (fanqie: 虛 + 基; the lower character has the fanqie 虛 + 脚. 嬉 means playing and making merry; 謔 means bantering with one another).

44.139

驍捷 (fanqie: 古 + 堯. The *Guangya* says: '驍 means robust; also brave and swift').

44.140

震慴 (fanqie: 徒 + 頰 and 之 + 涉. The *Erya* says: '慴 means terrified.' The scripture text writes 疊, which is not the standard form).

44.141

俛仰 (fanqie: 無 + 辯. 俛 means lowering the head; it describes bowing in silent grief without ceasing).

44.142

卜筮 (fanqie: 時 + 世. 筮 means inquiring. The *Liji* says: 'The tortoise shell is used for 卜, and yarrow stalks are used for 筮.' Divination by bone and yarrow is used to resolve doubts and settle indecision; hence the character for 筮, composed with the bamboo radical, has been the standard form from antiquity to the present).

44.143

杜門 (in ancient script written [敲-高+(度-廿+(王*├))], equivalent; fanqie: 徒 + 古. The *Guoyu* says: 'To shut the door and not go out.' Jia Kui says: '杜 means to block up; to close up').

44.144

瞪矚 (fanqie: 直 + 耕. The *Picang* says: 'To stare straight.' The lower character has the fanqie 之 + 欲).

44.145

顛沛 (also written [真*足] and 蹎, two forms equivalent; fanqie: 都 + 賢; the lower character has the fanqie 浦 + 昧; it means to fall prostrate. The scripture text written with the dog radical as 𤠶 is incorrect).

44.146

*Akintyā-bodhisattva-sūtra*, Fascicle 1

44.147

Huilin

44.148

蠃敱 (the first character has the fanqie 盧 + 戈. The previous volume of sounds and meanings, fascicle 30, under fascicle 4 of the *Avivartikadharmacakra-sūtra*, has already explained the character 蠃. The scripture text writes 螺 with the radical 累, which is a vulgar character; the standard character from ancient to modern times is properly written 蠃).

44.149

有音 (fanqie: 邑 + 今. The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Sound (音). Arising in the mind and having modulated rhythm on the outside is called 音.' It refers to the notes gong, shang, jue, zhi, and yu; also metal, stone, silk, bamboo, gourd, clay, leather, and wood. It is formed from 言 [speech] containing 一 [one]. In one scripture it is written 暗 with the mouth radical; the *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Between Qi and Song, when a child cries without stopping it is called 暗.' This is not the meaning intended by the scripture).

44.150

Fascicle 2

44.151

氣噓 (fanqie: 許 + 居; the Sanskrit name for candra [the moon]).

44.152

掬於 (fanqie: 居 + 六. The *Mao Commentary to the Odes* says: 'Two hands [together] is called 掬.' In the *Shuowen jiezi*, 掬 is formed from 'hand' with [(((嘹-口)-小)-日+干)*匊] abbreviated as phonetic; [(((嘹-口)-小)-日+干)*匊] has the same pronunciation as above; or with 勹 at top and 米 at bottom, forming 匊; in ancient script written 𰅛, and also written [(((嘹-口)-小)-日+干)*匊], all used interchangeably; 勹 is pronounced 包).

44.153

涌出 (fanqie: 容 + 腫. Liu Zhao's commentary to the *Gongyang zhuan* says: '涌 means surging up.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says it is formed from 'water' with 甬 as phonetic. The scripture writes 踊 with the foot radical; the *Kaosheng* says it means leaping, which is not the meaning of the scripture).

44.154

Fascicle 3

44.155

承攬 (fanqie: 藍 + 敢. The *Kaosheng* says: '攬 means to gather.' The *Guangya* says: 'To take.' Wang Yi's commentary to the *Chuci* says: 'To hold.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says it is formed from 'hand' with 覽 as phonetic; in ancient script written 掔, which is also acceptable).

44.156

Fascicle 4

44.157

壓油 (pronounced 鴨. The *Kaosheng* says: '壓 is like pressing down.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says it is formed from 'earth' with 厭 as phonetic; 厭 is formed from 厂 and 𤡜; 𤡜 is formed from 𰮕 and 肰; 肰 is pronounced 然. The scripture writes 厭, which is a vulgar character).

44.158

*The Buddha Expounds the Sūtra of the Illumination of Wisdom*, Upper Fascicle

44.159

Huilin

44.160

有黠 (the second character has the fanqie 閑 + 軋. The *Kaosheng* says: '黠 means sharp.' The *Fangyan* says: 'Wise.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says it is formed from 'black' with 吉 as phonetic).

44.161

泥洹 (the second character has the fanqie 活 + 官; in Sanskrit it is also called nirvāṇa).

44.162

群輩 (fanqie: 杯 + 妹. Song Zhong's commentary to the *Taixuanjing* says: '輩 is like category.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says it is formed from 'cart' with 非 as phonetic; some write it with 北 as 軰, which is vulgar).

44.163

婬劮 (the first character has the fanqie 以 + 針. The *Kaosheng* says: 'A woman with much lust.' The *Wen zi ji lüe* says: 'Refers to men and women copulating illicitly.' The *Zuozhuan* says: 'Coveting sexual pleasure is called 婬.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Private dissipation; formed from 女 with 㸒 as phonetic.' The lower character has the fanqie 寅 + 質. The *Guangya* says: '劮 also means lustful.' The *Gujin zhengzi* says it is formed from 'strength' with 失 as phonetic. The scripture texts both write them with the water radical as 淫泆: 淫 means excessive, and 泆 means leaking, which deviates from the meaning of the scripture and is an error).

44.164

稽首 (the upper character has the fanqie 溪 + 禮. Zheng's commentary to the *Zhouli* says: '稽首 means the head reaching the ground.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says it is formed from 旨 with 𮂱 abbreviated as phonetic; 𮂱 is pronounced 兮; it is formed from 禾, which is pronounced 鷄; writing it from 禾 is incorrect. In ancient script it was written 𩠜, formed from 旨 and the ancient character for 'head').

44.165

Lower Fascicle

44.166

Shaving the head (髠頭: the upper character is [read with the fanqie] 窟 + 昆. The Kaosheng says: "髠 means removing one's hair." The Shuowen jiezi says: "For adults it is called 髠; for young children it is called 剃." It is formed with the "hair" radical 髟 and has 兀 as phonetic. In the sūtra it is written as 𨱙, an erroneous, vulgar, abbreviated form that is incorrect. 髟 is read 必 + 遙).

44.167

Trimming the beard (剔䰅: the upper character is 聽 + 的. The Shenglei says: "剔 means shaving hair." The Wenzidian shuo states that it is formed with the "knife" radical 刀 and has 易 as phonetic; it is also written as 𩮜).

44.168

Flying insects (蜎飛: the upper character is 於 + 緣. Already explained above in Fascicle 35 of Sounds and Meanings under the Pusa shi jing).

44.169

Wriggling insects (𧏦動: [the upper character is] 如 + 准. Already glossed and explained above in Fascicle 35 of Sounds and Meanings under the Zhangzizi shi jing).

44.170

Among preta (薜茘中: the first character is 鼙 + 閉; the next is 犁 + 帝. Sanskrit; the general name for hungry ghosts [preta]).

44.171

Torturing and beating (拷掠: the upper character has the sound 考; the lower character is 涼 + 尚. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Liji says: "掠 means beating and interrogating someone." The Gujin zhengzi states that it is formed with the "hand" radical 手 and 諒 abbreviated as phonetic).

44.172

Zhongyin jing, Upper Fascicle

44.173

Xuanying

44.174

The Ābhāsvara [or Parīttābha] Heaven (𤸙天: [the upper character is] 烏 + 合. Translated as "Heaven of Luminous Lifespan." In sūtras it is sometimes written as the Āpa Heaven [阿波天], which is the same name; it refers to the first heaven of the second dhyāna, the Parīttābha Heaven [少光天]).

44.175

The Sudarśana Heaven (須滯天: [the second character is] 除 + 例. The Daoxing jing writes it as 須䠠天, sounded with the two fanqie 徒 + 計 and 丁 + 計; it is also written as 須㿃天, sounded 帝. The Loutan jing writes it as 嚏天, sounded 帝. These are all phonetic corruptions of the Sanskrit. Here it is translated as "Heaven of Good Vision" [善觀天], namely Sudarśana [善見]).

44.176

Ulcers and warts (瘡疣: the standard form of the character is 肬; in the large seal script it is written as 默, both read 有 + 流. The Tongsuwen says: "Nodules on the body are called 肬." The sūtra text writes it as 痏, read 位 + 理. The Cangjie pian says: "痏 means an injury from an assault").

44.177

Shaking out (斗藪: also written as 擻, both read 蘇 + 走. The Fangyan says: "斗擻 means shaking and raising." Zhou Cheng's Nanzhi says: "斗擻 means 豰[愨-心+束] [shaking off dust]," read with the sound 都 + 穀 and the lower character 蘇 + 穀. The sūtra text writes the two forms 枓 and 拺, read identically to 拯 and 策, which are not the standard character forms).

44.178

Lower Fascicle

44.179

Throwing thread (擲線: the Wenzigu yue says that the ancient form was 線 and the present form is 綫, both read 私 + 賤; it is that by which things are sewn together).

44.180

Slitting with a sword (劒刎: the ancient script form is [(利-禾)*勿], both read 云 + 粉. The Tongsuwen says: "To cut without cleaving is called 刎." The Gongyang zhuan says: "The Duke then slit his throat [刎脰] and died." He Xiu says: "刎 means to cut." 脰 is pronounced 豆).

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese