一切經音義 47

English (machine translation) 47

Language: English

Daśabhūmika-śāstra, 12 fascicles — Xuanying
Vajracchedikā-vyākhyā-upadeśa on Not Destroying Conventional Names, 2 fascicles — Huilin
Maitreya-paripṛcchā-śāstra, 8 fascicles — Huilin
Asaṅga's Commentary on the Diamond Sūtra, 2 fascicles — Huilin
Buddhabhūmi-sūtra-śāstra, 7 fascicles — Xuanying
Vasubandhu's Commentary on the Diamond Sūtra, 3 fascicles — Huilin
Ratnakūṭa-śāstra, 4 fascicles — Huilin
Ratnacūḍa-bodhisattva-sūtra-śāstra, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Verses of the Vajracchedikā-śāstra, 1 fascicle — [Glossary] Absent
Commentary on the Vajracchedikā-śāstra, 2 fascicles — Huilin
Mañjuśrī-paripṛcchā-bodhi-sūtra-śāstra, 2 fascicles — Huilin
Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-upadeśa, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Lotus Sūtra Treatise, 2 fascicles — Huilin
Viśeṣacintā-sūtra-śāstra, 4 fascicles — Huilin
Nirvāṇa-śāstra, 1 fascicle — [Glossary] Absent
Verses on Originally Existent and Now Nonexistent Treatise, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Amitāyus-sūtra-upadeśa, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Trisaṃpanna-sūtra-śāstra, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Dharmacakrapravartana-sūtra-śāstra, 1 fascicle — [Glossary] Absent
Treatise on the Sūtra of the Buddha's Bequeathed Teaching, 1 fascicle — Huilin
(According to the catalog, the 100 fascicles of the Yogācārabhūmi-śāstra are located here; previously there was 1 fascicle of Sounds and Meanings, which is fascicle 48 below.)
Prakaraṇāryavācā-śāstra, 20 fascicles — Xuanying
Verses of the Prakaraṇāryavācā-śāstra, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Yogācārabhūmi-vyākhyā, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Rājadharma-nyāya-śāstra, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Abhidharma-samuccaya-vyākhyā, 7 fascicles — Huilin
Abhidharma-samuccaya-bhāṣya, 16 fascicles — Xuanying
Mūlamadhyamakakārikā, 4 fascicles — Huilin
Prajñāpradīpa-śāstra-ṭīkā, 15 fascicles — Xuanying
Dvādaśanikāya-śāstra, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Aṣṭādaśaśūnyatā-śāstra, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Śata-śāstra, 2 fascicles — Xuanying
The above 31 treatises in 126 fascicles share the sounds and meanings of this fascicle.

47.3

Daśabhūmika-śāstra, Fascicle One

47.4

Compiled by Xuanying

47.5

芒然 "Dazed / obscure" (fanqie: 莫唐 [máng]. Note: 芒然 means obscure, dark, and unclear. Zhuangzi says: 'Dazed and seeing nothing'—this is it).

47.6

椑羅 "Barrow / enclosure / round basket" (fanqie: 神奚 [pí]. In the scriptures it is sometimes written as 卑羅 or 閉羅; they are all the same).

47.7

嘶字 "The letter si (or sibilant)" (Also written as 𧬊, both with the fanqie 先奚 [xī]. It is said that in Sanskrit manuscripts the letter 嘶 has the form and appearance of a lion. Following the character's meaning, the Picang says: '嘶 means a dispersed voice; it also means a mournful sound').

47.8

Fascicle Two and Fascicle Three (neither was glossed previously)

47.9

Fascicle Four

47.10

厚曀 "Thick overcast / obscured" (fanqie: 於計 [yì]. The Shiming says: '曀 means to screen or obscure (翳); it refers to cloud vapors that conceal and obscure, preventing things from being seen').

47.11

瀑水 "Cascading torrent / torrential water" (fanqie: 蒲報 [bào]. The Cang Jie Jiegu says: 'Water surging forth is called 瀑').

47.12

Fascicle Five

47.13

捫摸 "To grope / feel" (fanqie: 莫奔 [mēn] and 莫本 [mǒ/mèn]. The Shenglei says: '捫 means to grope/feel.' The Zilin says: '捫 means to stroke, hold, and press down.' 捫持 means to take hold of an object with the hand).

47.14

Fascicle Six and Fascicle Seven (neither was glossed previously)

47.15

Fascicle Eight

47.16

溉灌 "To irrigate / water" (fanqie: 歌賚 [gài]. The Shuowen says: '溉 means to irrigate (灌); 灌 means to pour onto').

47.17

Fascicle Nine, Fascicle Ten, Fascicle Eleven, and Fascicle Twelve (all the above were not glossed previously)

47.18

Commentary on the Vajracchedikā-prajñāpāramitā-sūtra: Refuting Grasping and Attachments without Destroying Conventional Designations, Upper Fascicle

47.19

Huilin

47.20

俾其 "To cause / allow" (fanqie: 卑弭 [bǐ]. If read in the rising tone, the character is composed with 彳, fanqie 丑尺 [chǐ]. The Kaosheng says: 'It means to cause.' The Erya says: '俾 means to follow.' If read in the departing tone, it is composed with 人. The Yunquan says: 'It means to give.' The Shuowen says: 'It means to benefit/increase; it is composed with 人 and has 卑 as its phonetic component').

47.21

謂稟 "Called endowed / receiving" (fanqie: 鄙錦 [bǐng]. Kong's commentary to the Shangshu says: '稟 means to receive.' The Guangya says: 'It means to give.' The Shuowen says: '稟 means to bestow grain; it is composed with 禾 and has 㐭 as its phonetic component; 㐭 is pronounced lǐn').

47.22

百齡 "A hundred years of age / longevity" (fanqie: 歷丁 [líng]. The Liji says: 'In ancient times, 年 (years), 齡 (age), and 齒 (teeth) were all 齡, meaning lifespan.' Zheng's commentary to the Liji says: 'Years, early death, breath, and teeth are counts of human lifespan.' The Guangya says: '齡 means years.' The Gujin Zhengzi states it is composed with 齒 and has 令 as its phonetic component; it is also written as 秢).

47.23

Lower Fascicle

47.24

沮亂 "Ruined and chaotic / deterred" (The upper character has the fanqie 㽵所 [jǔ]. Mao's Commentary to the Shijing says: '沮 means to ruin; it also means to halt.' Jia's commentary to the Guoyu says: 'It means wrong.' The Shuowen says: 'Composed with 水, with 且 as its phonetic component').

47.25

即晞 "Then dawn / dried by the morning sun" (The lower character has the fanqie 稀依 [xī]. Mao's Commentary to the Shijing says: '晞 is when light first ascends.' Han's commentary to the Shijing says: 'The juncture between brightness and obscurity is called 晞.' The Shuowen says: 'Composed with 日, with 希 as its phonetic component').

47.26

泫露 "Glistening dew / falling tears" (The upper character has the fanqie 玄詃 [xuàn]. The Kaosheng says: '泫 is the appearance of flowing downward.' The Liji says: 'Confucius shed tears profusely (泫然).' The Shuowen also says: 'To flow; composed with 水, with 玄 as its phonetic component').

47.27

Maitreya-bodhisattva-paripṛcchā-śāstra, Fascicle One

47.28

Compiled by Huilin

47.29

乞𠣏 "To beg / seek alms" (The lower character has the fanqie 葛𦫿 [gài]. The Cang Jie Pian says: '𠣏 means to go about soliciting; it means to seek.' The Shuowen also says: 'To beg. A destitute person constitutes a beggar (𠣏).' In the treatise it is written as 丐, which does not form the proper character; it is also written as 𠣏, a vulgar form).

47.30

躑跳 "To pace / leap" (The upper character has the fanqie 呈劇 [zhí]. Gu Yewang says: '躑 means suddenly lifting the feet without proceeding forward.' The Shuowen says: 'To halt the feet; to stand on one foot.' It is also written as 蹢. The Gujin Zhengzi states it is composed with 足, with 鄭 as its phonetic component. The lower character has the fanqie 𫋺弔 [tiào]. Kong's commentary to the Shangshu says: '跳 means to step without the feet being able to cross over.' The Cang Jie Pian says: 'To leap.' The Guangya says: '跳 means to ascend.' The Shuowen also says: 'To stumble; to leap; composed with 足, with 兆 as its phonetic component').

47.31

Fascicle Two

47.32

壍路 "Moat road / trench path" (The upper character has the fanqie 韱豔 [qiàn]. Gu Yewang says: 'A city moat is called a 壍.' The Kaosheng says: 'A long trench.' The Shuowen also says: 'A pit; large; composed with 土, with 漸 as its phonetic component').

47.33

劈裂 "To split open / rend" (The upper character has the fanqie 疋覔 [pī]. The Guangya says: '劈 means to rend.' The Picang says: 'To cleave.' The Shuowen says: 'To break apart; composed with 刀, with 辟 as its phonetic component').

47.34

牽挽 "To drag / haul" (The upper character has the fanqie 挈賢 [qiān]. The Kaosheng says: '牽 means to link together.' The Shuowen says: 'To pull forward.' The lower character has the fanqie 亾遠 [wǎn]. The Kaosheng says: '挽 means to pull.' It is also written as 輓. The Shuowen says: 'To pull forward; composed with 手').

47.35

梯嶝 "Steep mountain pathway / stone steps" (The lower character has the fanqie 登鄧 [dèng]. The Kaosheng writes it as 橙, meaning a tread/footstep, or a small slope. The Shuowen says: 'To look upward.' The Wenzidian Shuo states it is composed with 山, with 登 as its phonetic component).

47.36

指鉆 "Pincers / tweezers for fingers" (The lower character has the fanqie 儉炎 [qiān]. The Shuowen says: '鉆 means iron tweezers/tongs; composed with 金, with 占 as its phonetic component.' The treatise writes it as 鉗, which is an error).

47.37

惡䓶 "Fierce thorns / thistles" (The lower character has the fanqie 此漬 [cì]. Guo's commentary to the Erya says: '莿 (thorns) and 茦 (prickles) are needles; thorns on wood.' The Fangyan says: 'In general, plants and trees that prick people are called 刺.' The Wenzidian Shuo states it is composed with 艸, with 刺 as its phonetic component. The treatise writes it as 剌, which is an error).

47.38

Fascicle Three

47.39

捲手 "Clenched hand / fist" (The upper character has the fanqie 倦員 [quán]. The Kaosheng says: '捲 means to exert strength.' It is also written as 拳; 拳手 means a fist. The Jixun says: 'To bend the hand').

47.40

[各*支]打 "To strike / slap" (The upper character has the fanqie 礦獲 [guó]. The Guangya says: '[各*支] means to strike.' The Picang says: 'To strike the cheek.' Gu Yewang says: 'Nowadays slapping the ears is this.' The Gujin Zhengzi states it is composed with 攴, with 各 as its phonetic component; 攴 has the fanqie 普卜 [pū]. The treatise writes it as 摑, which is a vulgar character).

47.41

Fascicle Four

47.42

婆私咤 "Vāsiṣṭha" (The lower character has the fanqie 摘加 [zhā]. The Sanskrit name of a ṛṣi [seer]).

47.43

限劑 [limit] (the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 齊 + 細 [xì]. The *Zhouli* states: '劑 means moderation and measuring.' The *Kaosheng* states: 'It means segments and divisions.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states: '劑 is classified under the radical 刀 with 齊 as its phonetic component').

47.44

Fascicle Five

47.45

鑽燧 [fire-drill] (the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 隨 + 醉 [suì]. The *Shenglei* states: 'The 燧 is used to obtain fire from its cause.' Ma Rong's commentary on the *Lunyu* states: 'Drilling for fire uses different wood in each of the four seasons.' The *Zuozhuan* states: 'The 燧 is used to obtain fire from shells.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states: 'Classified under the radical 火 with 遂 as its phonetic component').

47.46

鼓捊 [drum-mallet] (the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 蒲 + 溝 [póu]. The *Shenglei* writes it as 掊. The *Guangya* states: '掊 means to strike.' We now examine that 捊 is a drumstick. The *Shuowen* states: 'Classified under the radical 手 with 孚 as its phonetic component').

47.47

消皺 [smoothing wrinkles] (the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 側 + 救 [zhòu]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'Wrinkles are the gathering together of the skin.' The treatise writes it as 皺, which is a vulgar character).

47.48

批尼 [vinaya] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 頻 + 蜜 [bì]. A Sanskrit term).

47.49

Fascicle Six, Fascicle Seven, Fascicle Eight (none of the above contain words needing phonetic glosses or explanations).

47.50

Treatise on the Diamond Prajñā, Upper Fascicle

47.51

Pronunciations by Huilin

47.52

鉢羅腎禳 [prajñā] (the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 禳 + 掌 [rǎng]. A Sanskrit word, rendered in the Tang language as 'wisdom').

47.53

Lower Fascicle

47.54

懈怠 [indolence] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 佳 + 邂 [xiè]. Jia Kui's commentary on the *Guoyu* states: '懈 means weary.' The *Guangya* states: '懈 means lazy.' The *Shuowen* states: 'It also means slack; classified under the radical 心 with 解 as its phonetic component.' The sūtra writes it as 𢢣, which is also acceptable).

47.55

Treatise on the Buddhabhūmi-sūtra, Fascicle One

47.56

Pronunciations by Xuanying

47.57

劫比拏王 [King Kapphiṇa / Kalmāṣapāda] (Sanskrit; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 女 + 家 [nā]. The name of the king of Southern Kosala. The full background narrative is as told in the sūtras).

47.58

封主 [feudatory lord] (pronounced with the two fanqie 府 + 用 [fèng] and 府 + 逢 [fēng]. The *Zilin* states: 'Enfeoffing and bestowing peerages on feudal lords.' The *Shenglei* states: 'Founding a state by granting territory is called 封.' The *Zhouli* states: 'Founding states and establishing their walled cities; the enfeoffed lands of the dukes were five hundred li square, and the lands of feudal lords were four hundred li square,' and so forth. Raising earth to mark a boundary is called 封).

47.59

Fascicle Two (previously unglossed)

47.60

Fascicle Three

47.61

如鉆 [like tongs] (pronounced with the fanqie 奇 + 廉 [qián]. The *Tongsuwen* states: 'The blacksmithing tool is called 鉆.' The *Cang Jie pian* states: '鉆 means to hold').

47.62

補特伽羅 [pudgala] (Sanskrit; rendered here as 'frequent taker', meaning taking rebirth repeatedly among the various destinies).

47.63

Fascicle Four and Fascicle Five (both previously unglossed)

47.64

Fascicle Six

47.65

殉利 [pursuing profit unto death] (pronounced with the fanqie 辝 + 俊 [xùn]. The *Cang Jie pian* states: '殉 means to seek.' The *Hanshu* states: 'The covetous man pursues wealth unto death.' Ying Shao says: '殉 means to manage [or pursue]').

47.66

勇悍 [brave and fierce] (pronounced with the fanqie 何 + 且 [hàn]. The *Shuowen* states: '悍 means brave, powerful.' The *Sancang* states: '悍 means outstandingly courageous').

47.67

如毘濕飯怛羅 [like Viśvantara] (Sanskrit; the fourth character is pronounced with the fanqie 都 + 達 [dá]. This refers to the background narrative of the Sudāna jātaka).

47.68

Fascicle Seven

47.69

踰繕那 [yojana] (Sanskrit; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 市 + 戰 [shàn]; also called 踰闍那; rendered here as 'union' or 'fitting'. Reckoned as fitting such an amount of measure, corresponding to a postal relay station in this land; it is a single day's march of a sage king from antiquity. Note that in the Western countries, a yojana also has larger and smaller sizes: some say thirty li, some forty li. In the past, forty li has generally been adopted. In older sūtras and treatises, it was written as 由延, also as 由旬, or as 俞旬; all are corrupt abbreviations).

47.70

底沙佛 [Tiṣya Buddha] (Sanskrit; written in older sūtras as 弗沙佛 [Puṣya Buddha]; they are one and the same).

47.71

蘇達那等 [Sudāna and others] (Sanskrit; also written as 蘇陀沙 [Sudāsa] and the like; translated here as 'giving well' or 'delighting in giving'. The old rendering 須達拏 is corrupt).

47.72

Treatise on the Vajracchedikā Prajñāpāramitā Sūtra, Upper Fascicle

47.73

Pronunciations by Huilin

47.74

頂戴 [bearing upon the head] (pronounced with the fanqie 得 + 代 [dài]. Gu Yewang states: 'Reverently upholding on one's top is called 戴.' The *Guoyu* states: 'To be on the head is called 戴.' Jia Kui's commentary states: '戴 means to uphold.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Classified under the radical 異 with 𢦏 as its phonetic component; 𢦏 is pronounced zāi').

47.75

Middle Fascicle

47.76

淳熟 [pure and ripe] (pronounced with the fanqie 垂 + 倫 [chún]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'It means clear.' The *Liji* states: 'Moistening it with fat makes it clear.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Classified under the radical 水 with [古/日/羊] as its phonetic component.' The treatise writes it as 淳, which is a vulgar character).

47.77

Lower Fascicle

47.78

有翳 [having cataracts] (pronounced with the fanqie 於 + 計 [yì]. Guo Pu's commentary on the *Fangyan* states that it means covered or screened; obscure. The *Guangya* states: 'It means obstruction.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Classified under the radical 羽 with 殹 as its phonetic component').

47.79

Treatise on the Mahāyāna Ratnakūṭa, Fascicle One

47.80

Pronunciations by Huilin

47.81

甄說 [discerning exposition] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 見 + 賢 [jiān]. The *Kaosheng* states: '甄 means to make clear, to examine.' The *Guiyuan zhucong* states: 'It also means to manifest and clarify.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Classified under the radical 瓦 with 垔 as its phonetic component; 垔 is pronounced yīn').

47.82

[詳-十+山]恌 [frivolous and unsteady] (the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 眺 + 雕 [tiāo]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'It means frivolous and flimsy.' Guo Pu's commentary on the *Fangyan* states: 'It means depraved.' The *Guangya* states: 'It means unruly; classified under the radical 心 with 兆 as its phonetic component.' 媮 is pronounced tōu).

47.83

缺漏 [deficiencies and flaws] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 犬 + 悅 [quē]. The *Cang Jie pian* states: 'It means deficient.' The *Shuowen* states: 'A broken vessel; classified under the radical [乞-乙+正] with 夬 as its phonetic component.' The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 力 + 豆 [lòu]. Gu Yewang states: '漏 is like leaking.' Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the *Huainanzi* states: '漏 means pierced through.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Rain entering through a pierced roof; classified under 雨 over 尸, where 尸 represents the roof.' The sūtra text writes it under the water radical 水, which is also the same).

47.84

Treatise on the Ratnakūṭa, Fascicle Two

47.85

欑成 [assembled together] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 藏 + 宦 [cuán]. Zheng Xuan's commentary on the *Liji* states: '欑 is like a cluster.' The *Cang Jie pian* states: 'It means to gather; classified under the radical 木 with 贊 as its phonetic component').

47.86

譏嫌 [criticism and suspicion] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 幾 + 依 [jī]. The *Guangya* states: '譏 means to question, and also to remonstrate.' He Xiu's commentary on the *Gongyang zhuan* states: 'It is like reprimanding.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Classified under the radical 言 with 幾 as its phonetic component').

47.87

籌量 [calculating] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 逐 + 留 [chóu]. Gu Yewang states: '籌 is that which is used to calculate and tally.' Zheng Xuan's commentary on the *Yili* states: 'It means to calculate.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Classified under the radical 竹 with 壽 as its phonetic component').

47.88

Treatise on the Ratnakūṭa, Fascicle Three

47.89

指㡿 [rebuke and rejection] (the first character is pronounced like 旨 [zhǐ]; the second character like 赤 [chì]. The *Kaosheng* states: '指 means to speak, to push. 㡿 means distant, to banish, to be cast away by others; hence it is called 㡿.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Classified under the radical 广 with 屰 as its phonetic component; 屰 is pronounced nì').

47.90

淤泥 [silt and mud] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 於 + 㨿 [yù]. Gu Yewang states: 'It is the dark mud in water.' The *Shuowen* states: '淤 means dregs and sediment; classified under the radical 水 with 於 as its phonetic component').

47.91

闡陀 [Chanda] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 昌 + 演 [chǎn]. A Sanskrit name).

47.92

如蛾 [like a moth] (the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 五 + 歌 [é]. The *Kaosheng* states: 'It is a flying insect.' The *Erya* states: 'That which silkworms transform into is an 蛾.' The *Da Dai Liji* states: 'Those that eat mulberry leaves produce silk and become moths.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Classified under the radical 虫 with 我 as its phonetic component').

47.93

Treatise on the Ratnakūṭa, Fascicle Four

47.94

胭喉 [throat] (the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 宴 + 賢 [yān]. The *Shenglei* states: '胭 also means throat.' The *Cang Jie pian* gives it as 咽. The *Gujin zhengzi* states: 'Classified under the radical 肉 with 因 as its phonetic component').

47.95

性𡼡 [hot-tempered nature] (pronounced with the fanqie 訓 + 云 [xùn]. Gu Yewang states: 'Smoked by smoke.' The *Kaosheng* states: 'It means hot, fiery vapor.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Classified under the radical 屮 with 黑 as its phonetic component; a pictographic character').

47.96

動眴 [blinking / winking] (pronounced with the fanqie 玄 + 絹 [xuàn]. Gu Yewang states: 'Nowadays people move their eyes to give secret instructions to one another.' The *Kaosheng* also states: 'Movement of the eyes.' Wang Yi's commentary on the *Chuci* states: '眴 is the appearance of looking.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Classified under the radical 目 with 旬 as its phonetic component; 旬 has the same sound as above').

47.97

作拳 [making a fist] (pronounced with the fanqie 倦 + 𡊮 [quán]. He Xiu's commentary on the *Gongyang zhuan* states: '拳 means the palm; it also means to cherish.' The *Shuowen* states: 'Classified under the radical 手 with an abbreviated 卷 as its phonetic component').

47.98

Treatise on the Ratnacūḍa-bodhisattva Sūtra

47.99

Pronunciations by Xuanying

47.100

洲潬 [sandbank in a river] (pronounced with the fanqie 徒 + 亶 [dàn]. The *Erya* states: '潬 refers to sand emerging.' Guo Pu says: 'Now in Jiangdong, sandbars in the water are called 潬; the Zhongdan City in the river north of Luoyang is an example.' The treatise text writes it as 埏, pronounced yán, referring to the lands of the 'eight boundaries' or an underground pathway to a tomb; 埏 is not used in this sense).

47.101

陂池 [pond and reservoir] (pronounced with the fanqie 筆 + 皮 [bēi]. East of the mountains it is called a 濼, pronounced with the fanqie 匹 + 各 [pò]; it is also called a [畝-久+元], pronounced with the fanqie 公 + 朗 [guǎng]).

47.102

蠃髻 [conch-shaped topknot] (also written as 螺, pronounced with the fanqie 力 + 戈 [luó]. The ancient script for the second character is [髟/弁], with the same pronunciation as 髻 [jì]. In sūtras it is sometimes written as 'plaited hair', which is one and the same).

47.103

Vajracchedikā-prajñāpāramitā-sūtra-śāstra, one fascicle

47.104

No pronunciation or gloss needed.

47.105

Vajracchedikā-prajñāpāramitā-sūtra-śāstra, Upper Fascicle

47.106

Compiled by Huilin

47.107

怨讎 (foe / enemy; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie [時]受 and 川 [=shóu]. The Shangshu says: 'If you treat us cruelly, you become our enemy (讎).' The Liji says: 'With the murderer of one's father, one does not live under the same heaven.' Gu Yewang says: '讎 means enmity and resentment.' The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 言 as semantic component and 雔 as phonetic component).

47.108

Middle Fascicle

47.109

差舛 (divergent and erroneous; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 川 and 䙲 [=chuǎn]. Gu Yewang says: '差舛 means irregular or uneven.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Lying opposite one another; derived from cow (牛), with cows facing opposite ways.' Popularly written as 舛).

47.110

Lower Fascicle

47.111

津媲 (ferry and match; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 批 and 閇 [=pì]. The Kaosheng says: '媲 means a match (匹).' Guo's commentary to the Erya says: '媲 also means a pair.' The Jixun says: 'To match.' The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 女 as semantic component and [奐-大+比] as phonetic component).

47.112

在𭳮 (in clear shallow water; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 廉 and 染 [=liǎn/liàn]. The Kaosheng says: '𭳮𭳮 describes clear water; it means clear. It also means shallow water, or floating.' The Wenzidian and Shuowen jiezi state that it takes 水 as semantic component and 𣫍 as phonetic component).

47.113

巘際 (the edge of a peak; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 魚 and 偃 [=yǎn]. The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: 'A 巘 is a small mountain separated from a large mountain.' Guo's commentary to the Erya says: 'The shape of the mountain is like stacked cauldrons (甑).' The Shiming says: 'A cauldron with a single hole is called a 巘; solitary mountains resemble it.' The Gujin zhengzi states that it takes 山 as semantic component and 獻 as phonetic component).

47.114

橐籥 (bellows; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 湯 and 各 [=tuò]. The Jixun says: '橐 is a small pouch; it also means a bottomless sack.' The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 陽 and 削 [=yuè]. The Kaosheng says: 'A lock device; it also means a musical instrument passed down.' The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 𨷲, also a musical instrument; it takes 竹 as semantic component and 龠 as phonetic component).

47.115

儵忽 (swiftly / suddenly; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 上 and 戮 [=shù/shū]. Wang's commentary to the Chuci says: '儵忽 means rapid.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The appearance of lightning.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Coming and going swiftly.' It takes 黑 as semantic component and 攸 as phonetic component).

47.116

煥爛 (brilliant and splendid; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 歡 and 貫 [=huàn]. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 闌 and 且 [=làn]. The Lunyu says: 'How brilliant (煥) was the cultural splendor of his achievements!' The Fangyan says: 'When cooked by fire it is called 爛.' The Kaosheng says: '煥 and 爛 both mean bright and luminous.' The Gujin zhengzi states that both take 火 as semantic component, with 奐 and 闌 as phonetic components).

47.117

撮其 (pinch it / grasp it; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 纂 and 括 [=cuō]. In the Hanshu, Ying Shao says: '撮 also means to grasp with three fingers.' The Kaosheng says: '撮 means to lead and hold.' The Gujin zhengzi states that it takes 手 as semantic component and 最 as phonetic component).

47.118

Mañjuśrībodhisattvapṛcchā-bodhi-sūtra-śāstra, Upper Fascicle

47.119

Compiled by Huilin

47.120

編髮 (braided hair; pronounced with the fanqie 必 and 綿 [=biān]. Zheng's commentary to the Liji says: 'Arranging and plaiting hair to make it; it is an image handed down from antiquity, resembling the false hair of today.' Liu's commentary to the Gongyang zhuan says: '編 means to join together.' The Cangjiepian says: 'To weave.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To arrange bamboo slips in sequence.' It takes 糸 as semantic component and 扁 as phonetic component).

47.121

如塊 (like a clod of earth; pronounced with the fanqie 口 and 潰 [=kuài]. Guo's commentary to the Erya says: 'A clod of earth.' Wang's commentary to the Chuci says: '塊 describes being alone and solitary.' The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 土 as semantic component and 鬼 as phonetic component).

47.122

奮迅 (vigorously rousing; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 分 and 問 [=fèn]. The Guangya says: 'To shake.' The Kaosheng says: 'To arise; a bird shaking its feathers.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Flying swiftly.' It is an ideogrammatic compound formed from 奞 and 田).

47.123

Lower Fascicle

47.124

遞共 (alternately together; pronounced with the fanqie 提 and 禮 [=dì]. Guo's commentary to the Erya says: 'To exchange / alternate.' The Chuci says: 'The four seasons alternately arrive and the year concludes.' The Kaosheng says: '遞 means to substitute.' Sometimes written as 递. The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 辵 as semantic component and 虒 as phonetic component. 辵 is pronounced with the fanqie 丑 and 略 [=chuò]; 虒 is pronounced 斯 [=sī]).

47.125

Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra-upadeśa, one fascicle (composed by Bodhisattva Vasubandhu)

47.126

Pronunciation by Huilin

47.127

怨敵 (enemy / foe; pronounced with the fanqie 亭 and 歷 [=dí]. Du's commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: '敵 is like an opponent; it also means an enemy.' The Fangyan says: 'Those of equal strength are called 敵.' The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 攴 as semantic component and 啇 as phonetic component. 啇 is pronounced 的 [=dí]).

47.128

彈指 (snapping the fingers; pronounced with the fanqie 唐 and 寒 [=tán]. The Guangya says: '彈 means to pluck / snap.' Gu Yewang says: 'In all cases, causing something to move by striking is called 彈.' The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 弓 as semantic component and 單 as phonetic component).

47.129

Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-sūtra-upadeśa, Upper Fascicle

47.130

Pronunciation by Huilin

47.131

颰陀婆羅 (Bhadrapāla; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 盤 and 末 [=bá]. A Sanskrit word; the meaning of the syllables is, in the Tang language, 'Worthy Protector' (Xianhu) Bodhisattva, who will attain Buddhahood in this very Bhadrakalpa).

47.132

頻婆羅 (bimbi/vimba; according to the Abhidharmakośa-śāstra, this is a numeral term from the Western regions. By tenfold progressions it is called bimbi, corresponding to the number 'thousand zai' (10^47 or large numeral) in this country's counting system).

47.133

阿閦婆 (akṣobhya; also a numeral term from the Western regions, corresponding to the number 'ten thousand zai' in this region).

47.134

Saddharmapuṇḍarīka-śāstra, Lower Fascicle

47.135

Xuanying

47.136

謦欬 (coughing and clearing the throat; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 輕 and 珽 [=qǐng]. The Cangjiepian says: 'A sound.' The Shuowen jiezi says: '謦 also means to cough.' It takes 言 as semantic component and 殸 as phonetic component. 殸 is pronounced with the fanqie 口 and 莖 [=kēng]. The second character is pronounced with the fanqie 開 and 改 [=kǎi]. Gu Yewang says: 'To cough.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Adverse rising qi.' It takes 欠 as semantic component and 亥 as phonetic component. The commentary writes it with 口 as [口*(聲-耳+口)]咳, which is an error).

47.137

Viśeṣacinti-brahma-paripṛcchā-sūtra-śāstra, four fascicles

47.138

Pronunciation by Huilin

47.139

Fascicle One and Fascicle Two (neither has words needing glosses)

47.140

Fascicle Three

47.141

牛豬 (cattle and pigs; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 貯 and 驢 [=zhū]. The Fangyan says: 'A piglet is called a pig (豬); it also means [((巨-匚)@一)/(土*凡)].' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Swine with three bristles growing in clusters.' It takes 豕 as semantic component and 者 as phonetic component).

47.142

Fascicle Four

47.143

危[月*(刀/巳)] (fragile / brittle; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 七 and 銳 [=cuì]. The Guangya says: 'Fragile and weak.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'Flesh that is brittle and easily severed.' It takes 月 as semantic component and the reduced form of 絕 as phonetic component).

47.144

Nirvāṇa-śāstra, one fascicle (no pronunciation to explain)

47.145

Nirvāṇa-sūtra benyou jinwu gāthā-śāstra, one fascicle

47.146

Pronunciation by Huilin

47.147

見杌 (seeing a bare tree trunk / stump; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 五 and 骨 [=wù], a popular character. The Tongsuwen says: 'An object without a head is called 尤.' The Jixun says: 'A tree without branches is called 杌; it takes 木 as semantic component.' The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 兀, saying: 'High and flat on top; one line above a person').

47.148

Sukhāvatīvyūha-śāstra

47.149

Compiled by Huilin

47.150

傎倒 (inverted / topsy-turvy; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 典 and 年 [=diān]. Kong's commentary to the Shangshu says: '傎 means to encoffin; it also means to overturn; it refers to turning upside down and collapsing.' Nowadays written as 𠑘. The Shuowen jiezi writes it as 蹎, taking 人 as semantic component. In the treatise it is written as 巔, which is an error).

47.151

龜毛 (hairs on a turtle; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 愧 and 逵 [=guī]. The Baihu tong says: '龜 (turtle) implies longevity.' The Mao commentary to the Shijing says: 'The great turtle measures one foot and two inches.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'That which has bone on the outside and flesh on the inside; it takes 它 as semantic component, picturing the turtle's head; some say it is phonetic').

47.152

㧋箭 (plucking an arrow; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 辨 and 八 [=bá]. In the treatise it is written as 拔, which is an error).

47.153

石蛭 (stone leech; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 真 and 曰 [=zhì]. The Erya says: '蛭 is the louse (蟣).' The Cangjiepian says: 'An aquatic worm.' The Shenglei also says: 'The 蛭蝚 is the leech.' The Kaosheng says: '蛭蝚 and 蛭蛒 are both leeches.' The Shuowen jiezi has it with 虫; in the treatise it is written with 石 as 蛭, which is an error).

47.154

火擿 (fire-poker; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 呈 and 隻 [=zhì/chí]. The Kaosheng says: 'To pick and poke.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'To cast.' It takes 手 as semantic component. In the treatise it is written with 火 as 擿, which is an error).

47.155

Sāmagrī-sūtra-upadeśa, one fascicle

47.156

Pronunciation by Huilin

47.157

鄴城 (the city of Ye; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 嚴 and 劫 [=yè]. The Hanshu says that Wei Commandery has Ye County, formerly in Taiyuan, east of the mountains. The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 邑 as semantic component and 業 as phonetic component).

47.158

挑施 (stirring up charity / offering; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 眺 and 彫 [=tiāo]. The Shenglei says: '挑 means to stir.' The Zishu says: 'To poke.' The Shuowen jiezi states that it takes 手 as semantic component and 兆 as phonetic component).

47.159

雪堆 (snow mound / drift; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 對 and 雷 [=duī]. Wang's commentary to the Chuci says: '魁堆 means high.' Guo's commentary to the Shanglin fu says: '堆 means a sand mound.' The Kaosheng says: 'The appearance of elevated earth.' Sometimes written as 塠. The Gujin zhengzi states that it takes 土 as semantic component and 隹 as phonetic component. The sūtra writing it as 埠 is incorrect).

47.160

尼羅拏 (Nilaṇa / Nirodha (?); the last character is pronounced with the fanqie 搦 and 加 [=nà]. A Sanskrit personal name).

47.161

胃膽脾 (stomach, gall bladder, and spleen; the first character is pronounced with the fanqie 韋 and 貴 [=wèi]. The Baihu tong says: 'The stomach is the receptacle of the spleen.' The Shuowen jiezi says: 'The receptacle of grain; pictographic.' In the sūtra it is written as 𦝩, which is an error. The middle character is pronounced with the fanqie 檐 and 敢 [=dǎn]. The Baihu tong says: 'The gall bladder is the receptacle of the liver.' The Wenzidian says it takes 肉 as semantic component and 詹 as phonetic component. The third character is pronounced with the fanqie 婢 and 卑 [=pí]. The Baihu tong says: 'It distinguishes; it is the earth organ.' The Guangya says: '脾 means 卑.' The Wenzidian and Shuowen jiezi state that it takes 肉 as semantic component and 卑 as phonetic component).

47.162

船舶 (ocean-going vessel; the second character is pronounced with the fanqie 彭 and 陌 [=bó]. The Kaosheng says: 'A 舶 is a Kunlun sea vessel.' Also written as 艊. Sima Biao's commentary to the Zhuangzi says: 'A large vessel, the name of a boat.' The Guangya says: 'A seagoing boat.' The Picang says: 'A large boat.' The Gujin zhengzi states that it takes 舟 as semantic component and 白 as phonetic component).

47.163

Snake and python (虵蟒: the second character is fanqie 莫 + 牓. Guo Pu's commentary on the Erya says: "A python is a large snake." The Gujin zhengzi states it takes 'insect/reptile' [虫] as signific and 'mang' [莽] as phonetic).

47.164

Bear and brown bear (熊羆: the first character is fanqie 虛 + 弓. The Shuowen jiezi says: "The bear is a beast resembling a boar that dwells in the mountains; it takes 'neng' [能] as signific and an abbreviated form of 'yan' [炎] as phonetic." The second character is fanqie 彼 + 皮. Guo Pu's commentary on the Erya says: "The brown bear resembles a bear, but with a raised head, high legs, and immense strength capable of uprooting trees; west of the Pass it is called a bear." The Shuowen jiezi says it takes 'xiong' [熊] as signific and an abbreviated form of 'pi' [羆] as phonetic).

47.165

Calamity and portents (灾櫱: the second character is fanqie 言 + 烈. The Kaosheng says: "Omens and disasters; when insects and beasts become strange phenomena, it is called nie [糵]; when garments, grasses, and trees become strange phenomena, it is called nie [𪥲]. Nowadays it is sometimes written with the 'woman' radical as 㜸, or with the 'insect' radical as 𧕏. In the text of the treatise it is written with 'rice' as 糵, which is not the proper sense here).

47.166

Zhuan falun jing youpotishe (Dharmacakrapravartana-sūtropadeśa), one fascicle (no glossed characters).

47.167

Yijiao lun (Treatise on the Buddha's Bequeathed Teaching), one fascicle.

47.168

Sounds Glossed by Huilin

47.169

Blemish and defect (瘕疵: the first character is fanqie 夏 + 加. The Mao Shi Jian says: "Jia [瘕] means illness." Guo Pu's commentary on the Shanhaijing says: "A parasitic illness." The Cangjie pian says: "An abdominal affliction." The Shuowen jiezi says: "An illness." The second character is fanqie 漬 + 茲. Kong Anguo's commentary on the Shangshu says: "Ci [疵] also means illness." The Zhouyi indicates ci is like jia, meaning ruin or defect. The Shuowen jiezi notes that both take the 'illness' radical [疒], with jia [叚] and ci [此] as phonetics).

47.170

Disrespectful (𡢬𢢔: the first character is fanqie 斯 + 列. Kong Anguo's commentary on the Shangshu says: "Xie [𡢬] also means remiss or contemptuous." Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Liji says: "Xie [媟] means disrespectful intimacy." The Fangyan says: "Xie means intimate familiarity." The Shuowen jiezi states it takes 'woman' [女] as signific and 'ye' [葉] as phonetic).

47.171

Pitfall and chasm (坑[阿-可+(凵@(子-一+(二*二)))]: the first character is fanqie 客 + 庚. Guo Pu's commentary on the Erya says: "A pitfall is a moat, pond, hillock, or ruin." The Cangjie pian says: "A ravine; also to fall into." It is sometimes written as 阬. The Gujin zhengzi says it takes 'earth' [土] as signific and 'kang' [亢] as phonetic. The second character is fanqie 咸 + 監. Gu Yewang says: "Xian [𨺂] means to fall and plunge into." The commentary on the Chuci says: "To drown or submerge." The Guangya says: "To collapse." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To fall from high to low; one authority says it means to fall down; it takes the 'mound' radical [阜] as signific and 'han' [函] as phonetic").

47.172

Frivolous and impetuous (輕躁: the second character is fanqie 遭 + 譟. Gu Yewang says: "Zao [躁] is like restless movement." Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu says: "Turbulent." Zheng Xuan's commentary on the Analects says: "Not quiet and tranquil." The Kaosheng says: "Hasty-tempered." The Shuowen jiezi records it as the character 趮, taking 'foot' [足] as signific and 'zao' [喿] as phonetic. In the treatise it is written with 'can' [叅] as 𨅶, which is incorrect).

47.173

Soaring and leaping (騰躍: the second character is fanqie 陽 + 削. Du Yu's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: "To surpass or leap over." The Erya says: "Swift." The Guangya says: "To jump." The first character means to ascend; to advance. The Shuowen jiezi says it takes 'foot' [足] as signific and 'di' [翟] as phonetic).

47.174

To leap (踔: phonetic gloss [廳尿]).

47.175

Hesitating / trampling (躑: the second character is fanqie 呈 + 石. Gu Yewang says: "Zhi [躑] means lifting the foot without advancing." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To halt one's steps; to limp." It is also written as 蹢. The Gujin zhengzi says it takes 'foot' [足] as signific and 'zheng' [鄭] as phonetic).

47.176

Black viper (黑蚖: the second character is fanqie 五 + 官. The Baopuzi says: "There are many kinds of snakes, but only when a viper strikes someone is it most urgent: one must cut off the bitten flesh with a knife and cast it onto the ground; the flesh will boil on its own like being roasted over fire, and in a moment it will be entirely charred, whereupon the person survives; if not cut off, death is certain." The Xuanzhong ji says: "The viper is three to four spans long, has four legs, and resembles a house gecko; along its spine are needle-sharp spines, sharper than knives and extremely venomous; if it strikes a person, death ensues in less than half a day." The Shanhaijing says: "Its skin can be used to decorate knives and swords; it resembles sharkskin, differing only in roughness and fineness").

47.177

Grieved and indignant (悁自: the first character is fanqie 一 + 緣. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "Juan [悁] means full of anger and indignation." The Cangjie pian says: "Resentment." The Shenglei says: "A sorrowful appearance of distress." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Anger; it takes 'mind' [心] as signific and 'yuan' [䏍] as phonetic").

47.178

Sanjuzu lun (Treatise on the Threefold Completeness)

47.179

Compiled by Xuanying

47.180

Ocean ship (船舶: the pronunciation is bai [白]. The Zilin says: "A large vessel." Nowadays south of the Yangtze, any ship traversing the ocean is called a bo [舶]. People of Kunlun and Gaoli all sail in them; the largest can hold ten thousand hu).

47.181

Patrol and outpost (邏戍: fanqie 力 + 賀. Shu [戍] means a subordinate post, referring to roving soldiers guarding against marauders; it also means patrolling to prevent transgressions).

47.182

Threatening and shouting (恐哧: fanqie 乎 + 嫁. 'Kong' means alarming or threatening. In the Fangyan it is written as 恐䦧, pronounced with fanqie 呼 + 隔. It is also written as 恐赫 or 恐猲, all having the same meaning; 猲 is pronounced with fanqie 虛 + 割).

47.183

Gravelly stone (礓石: fanqie 居 + 良. Its shape resembles ginger. The Tongsu wen says: "Ground with many small stones is called jiangli [礓礫]." The character takes 'stone' [石] as signific. In the treatise it is written with 'earth' as 壃, which is not the standard form).

47.184

The above section explains the treatises on sūtras; the subsequent section compiles treatises on doctrinal topics.

47.185

Xianyang shengjiao lun (Prakaraṇāryavācā-śāstra), fascicle 1

47.186

Compiled by Xuanying

47.187

Bowing the head to the ground (稽𩠐: the ancient form was 𩠜; fanqie 苦 + 禮. The Shuowen jiezi says: "Ji [稽] means bowing the head low." The Baihu tong says: "The reason one bows the head low to the ground is to show utmost reverence; the forehead and head touch the ground." The Zhouli states that the Great Invoker distinguishes the nine forms of bowing, the first being the稽首 [bowing the head to the ground], and the second being the 頓首 [kowtow], which are these).

47.188

To succeed (將紹: the ancient character is 綤; fanqie 市 + 逵. The Erya says: "Shao [紹] means to continue; that is, to carry on the ancestral line." The Shifa says: "Distantly succeeding to the throne is called shao").

47.189

Weaving and synthesizing (錯綜: fanqie 祖 + 送. This means interweaving the text and synthesizing its principles. The Guangya says: "Cuo [錯] means intercalating, meaning mutually alternating." Zong [綜] means collecting together, summarizing the textual principles. Xu Kai says: "Collation; collating and ordering." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Zong refers to the threads on a loom; that is, holding the crossed silks by bending cords to control the warp threads, making them open and close." Zong also means to record, to regulate, and to sort out silk threads).

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese