一切經音義 98

English (machine translation) 98

Language: English

98.2

Sounds and Meanings of the Guang hongming ji, Middle Fascicle

98.3

From fascicle thirteen through twenty-three, eleven fascicles in total.

98.6

Clouds gathering (yúncuì: fanqie 情 + 醉 [qíng + zuì]. The Book of Changes states: "Cuì means to gather." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the radical 草 with 卒 as its phonetic component").

Sowing good fortune (zhǒngzhēn: the second is fanqie 知 + 盈 [zhī + yíng]. The Cangjie pian states: "Zhēn means good." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It means auspiciousness. It takes the radical 示 with 貞 as its phonetic component").

98.8

Guo River (guǒhé: fanqie 果 + 和 [guǒ + hé]. The Kaosheng states: "The name of a river").

98.9

Xunyu (the first is fanqie 許 + 雲 [xǔ + yún], the second is fanqie 融 + 祝 [róng + zhù]. The Kaosheng states: "An alternate name for the Xiongnu." Already explained earlier).

98.10

Grand Astrologer Dan (dégān: a personal name).

98.11

A nag and the feet of a thoroughbred (the first is fanqie 怒 + 胡 [nù + hú]. Gu Yewang states: "The nú is the lowest among the six kinds of horses." The latter is fanqie 飢 + 義 [jī + yì]. The Shuowen jiezi states: "A jì is a thousand-li horse." Both take the radical 馬, with 奴 and 冀 as their respective phonetic components).

98.12

Dark blue eyelashes (gànjié: the first is fanqie 甘 + 暗 [gān + àn]. The Shuowen jiezi states: "A deep blue with reddish tints; it takes the radical 糸 with 甘 as its phonetic component." The second is fanqie 僣 + 葉 [jiàn + yè]. The Shuowen jiezi states: "The hairs beside the eyes." It is also written with the radical 夾 as 䀹. The Shiming writes it as [麩-夫+毛]).

98.13

Méngqī (in the collection, Cao Zhi's commentary states: "Confucius' face was like a méngqī." Looking into the lexicons, this character is not found, and its sound and meaning are not yet known).

98.14

Severed […] (Cao's commentary in the collection states: "The Duke of Zhou was like a severed […]." The character is also not found in the lexicons).

98.15

Meng Ju (zúyú: the second is fanqie 足 + 逾 [zú + yú]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Songs of Chu states: "Jū means beautiful." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the radical 女 with 取 as its phonetic component").

98.16

Long Lian (a person's surname and given name; the pronunciation is not yet known).

98.17

Dogs squatting and foxes hunkering down (jù is fanqie 居 + 御 [jū + yù]. The second character is fanqie 徂 + 昆 [cú + kūn]. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Jù also means dūn (to squat)." Note: These two characters gloss each other. Both take the radical 足, with 居 and 尊 as their respective phonetic components).

98.18

Golden sable (niǎoliáo: the second is fanqie 鳥 + 聊 [niǎo + liáo]. The Book of Han states: "Attached with sable tails and golden cicadas." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the radical 豸 with 召 as its phonetic component." 豸 is pronounced zhílǐ).

98.19

Wood-gathering fields (qiáoyě: the first is fanqie 疾 + 霄 [jí + xiāo]. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan states: "Qiáo means firewood." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the radical 木 with 焦 as its phonetic component." The collection's writing with the radical 草 as 䕴 is incorrect).

98.20

Orchid belt (xiéguì: fanqie 擕 + 桂 [xié + guì]. The Guangya states: "The huì orchid has green leaves and purple flowers." The Classic of Mountains and Seas states: "At the foot of Mount Tiandi, there are many huì plants." Guo's commentary notes: "The huì is a fragrant herb." The Wenzi dian shuo states: "It takes the radical 草 with 惠 as its phonetic component").

98.21

To gnash one's teeth (kānhé: fanqie 堪 + 合 [kān + hé]. The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the radical 石 with 盇 as its phonetic component." 盇 is fanqie 胡 + 臘 [hú + là]. Writing it with 大, 𮕜, and 去 as 盍 is incorrect).

98.22

Did not listen (fúlíng: the second is fanqie 歷 + 丁 [lì + dīng]. The Cangjie pian states: "Líng means to listen." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the radical 耳 with 令 as its phonetic component").

98.23

Mute and deaf (yīnlóng: the first is fanqie 邑 + 金 [yì + jīn]. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Yīn means unable to speak. It takes the radical 疒 with 音 as its phonetic component").

98.24

A halo wanes (yúnkuī: the first is fanqie 雲 + 訓 [yún + xùn]. The Shuowen jiezi states: "A halo is the atmospheric vapour around the sun and moon. It takes the radical 日 with 軍 as its phonetic component").

98.25

Engraving chisels (the first is fanqie 飢 + 蟻 [jī + yǐ]; the second is fanqie 眷 + 月 [juàn + yuè]. Wang Yi's commentary on the Songs of Chu states: "Jījué are engraving knives." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Curved knives." Both take the radical 刀, with 奇 and 厥 as their respective phonetic components. The latter is also written with 屈 as 𠜾).

98.26

Burnished gold and silver-plated metal (xiǎnwù: the first is fanqie 蘇 + 典 [sū + diǎn]. Guo's commentary on the Erya states: "It is the finest gold, of the highest lustre." The second is fanqie 烏 + 穀 [wū + gǔ]. Mao's Commentary on the Odes states: "Wù means white metal." Both take the radical 金, with 光 and 沃 as their respective phonetic components; 沃 is pronounced the same as above).

98.27

Hudu (the first is fanqie 胡 + 古 [hú + gǔ]. The Kaosheng states: "The name of a body of water." The Classic of Mountains and Seas states: "Mount Yangxu overlooks the waters of Xuanhu." The Gujin zhengzi states: "It takes the radical 水 with 扈 as its phonetic component").

98.28

Well-curb brickwork (lánzhòu: the first is fanqie 嬾 + 單 [lǎn + dān]. Note: This refers to the curb of a well today. The collection writes it with the radical 木 as 欄; the Kaosheng states that the wooden 欄 is the name of a tree, which is not this meaning. The second is fanqie 側 + 救 [cè + jiù]. The Shuowen jiezi states: "Zhòu refers to the bricks of a well. It takes the radical 瓦 with 秋 as its phonetic component." Pì is fanqie 瓶 + 壁 [píng + bì]; Guo's commentary on the Erya states that pì refers to a baked brick).

98.29

Sitting sprawled (jījù: the first is fanqie 記 + 疑 [jì + yí]; the second is fanqie 居 + 御 [jū + yù]. The Zhuangzi states: "Sitting sprawled with legs apart, drumming on a tub." Gu Yewang states: "It means sitting back with legs spread in the shape of a winnowing basket." The Book of Rites states: "Do not sit splayed like a basket." Zheng Xuan's commentary states: "It shows disrespect." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the radical 竹 with 其 as its phonetic component." The collection's writing with the radical 足 as 踑 is incorrect).

98.30

Bats (biānfú: the first is fanqie 遍 + 眠 [biàn + mián]; the second is pronounced fú. The Shuowen jiezi states: "The biānfú is the fúyì (bat)." Both take the radical 虫, with 扁 and 畐 as their respective phonetic components).

98.31

Weaving-loom warp (jīrèn: fanqie 任 + 蔭 [rèn + yìn]. The Kaosheng states: "Threads woven on a loom." Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan states: "Zhīrèn means one who weaves cloth." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Threads on a loom." Rèn is also written as 䋕).

98.32

Ploughing the fields (jiǎngdì: the first is fanqie 江 + 項 [jiāng + xiàng]. The Kaosheng states: "Jiǎng means to plough." The Gujin zhengzi states: "It takes the radical 耒 with 冓 as its phonetic component." 耒 is fanqie 雷 + 對 [léi + duì]. 冓 takes a reduced phonetic form of 講).

98.33

Fear in heart (chùxīn: the first is fanqie 椿 + 律 [chūn + lǜ]. Gu Yewang states: "Chùtì is like sorrowful grief." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the radical 心 with 术 as its phonetic component").

98.34

Black dragon's pearl (lízhū: the first is fanqie 里 + 知 [lǐ + zhī]. The Zhuangzi states: "A pearl worth a thousand pieces of gold is surely found at the bottom of a nine-fold abyss, under the jaws of a black dragon. If one can obtain such a pearl, it is only by coming upon the dragon while it sleeps; had the dragon awoken, how could you have obtained it?" The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the radical 馬 with 麗 as its phonetic component").

98.35

Three tiers (sānxí: the second is fanqie 尋 + 立 [xún + lì]. The Erya states: "Three tiers of mountains rising." Guo's commentary notes: "Xí also means layered").

98.36

Monkeys and apes (náoyuán: the first is fanqie 奴 + 刀 [nú + dāo]; the second is pronounced yuán. The Mao Commentary on the Odes states: "The náo is also of the ape kind." Guo's commentary on the Classic of Mountains and Seas states: "It resembles a macaque with long arms, agile and quick; some are yellow and some are black; the yellow ones cry with a plaintive sound." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Both take the radical 犬, with 柔 and 爰 as their respective phonetic components").

98.37

Planting (yìyě: fanqie 魚 + 曳 [yú + yè]. The Gujin zhengzi states: "Yì means to plant trees, to cultivate. It takes the radical 草 with 執 as its phonetic component").

98.38

To chant a path (dàoyōu: the second is fanqie 烏 + 侯 [wū + hóu]. The Shuowen jiezi states: "To sing folk songs." It is also written with the radical 言 as 謳, or with 口 as 嘔).

98.39

Carrying an umbrella (yándēng: the second is fanqie 得 + 恒 [dé + héng]. Jia Kui's commentary on the Guoyu states: "A dēng is an implement for protection against rain." The Shiji yinyi states: "A dēng." The Kaosheng states: "Bamboo woven into a canopy." The Shuowen jiezi states: "A canopy to be raised. It takes the radical 竹 with 登 as its phonetic component").

98.40

Earth's veins (dìfú: the second is fanqie 妃 + 吠 [fēi + fèi]. The Guoyu states: "The earth then yielded its produce." Jia's commentary states: "The grain and channels of the earth." It is also written as 衇 or 𧖴. The collection writes it with the radical 月 as 胇; no such character exists).

98.41

Wood-boring insect (dùmù: the first is fanqie 都 + 故 [dū + gù]. The Shuowen jiezi states: "An insect inside wood. It takes the radical 䖵 with a reduced form of 橐 as its phonetic component." 橐 is fanqie 他 + 各 [tā + gè]. Tan Chang also wrote it as 螙, an ideographic representation of an insect within wood).

98.42

Mole rat (fěnshǔ: the first is fanqie 扶 + 粉 [fú + fěn]. Guo's commentary on the Erya states: "The mole rat that moves beneath the soil." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Transformed from the shrike. It takes the radical 鼠 with 分 as its phonetic component." It is also written as 蚡 or 盆).

98.43

Knee-apron (bìchān: the second is fanqie 鴟 + 詹 [chī + zhān]. The Erya states: "Clothing that shields the front is called a chān." Guo's commentary states: "That is the modern bìxī (knee-cover)." The Shuowen jiezi states: "It takes the radical 衣 with 詹 as its phonetic component").

98.44

Register (zhīlù: the second is fanqie 龍 + 躅 [lóng + zhú]. Note: A register refers to the Daoist registers of the Three Caverns).

98.45

Subordinate general (piānbì: the first is fanqie 匹 + 綿 [pǐ + mián]; the second is fanqie 婢 + 彌 [bì + mí]. The Fangyan states: "Piān also means bì." Gu Yewang states: "Like modern deputy generals." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Piān takes the radical 人 with 扁 as phonetic; bì takes the radical 衣 with 卑 as phonetic." 扁 is fanqie 邊 + 殄 [biān + tiǎn]. The collection writes it with the radical 糸 as 編, meaning to weave, which is not this meaning).

98.46

Armillary sphere (xuánjī: fanqie 隨 + 緣 [suí + yuán] and 紀 + 宜 [jì + yí]. Kong's commentary on the Book of Documents states: "Xuán is fine jade; the jī and hèng of jade are rotating instruments used to calibrate celestial movements." The Shuowen jiezi states: "Both take the radical 玉, with 睿 and 幾 as their respective phonetic components." 睿 is fanqie 悅 + 歲 [yuè + suì]. The collection writes 挺; the Kaosheng notes it means a chessboard, which is not this meaning).

98.47

Meek and cautious (chánrán: the first is fanqie 子 + 仙 [zǐ + xiān]. Wei Zhao's commentary on the Shiji states: "Chán describes an appearance of benevolence and prudence." The Shuowen jiezi also states: "Prudent." It is also written with three 子 as 孨).

98.48

Tattooing and cutting off the nose: 黥 [qing] (upper character: 極 + 迎 fanqie. The Zhouli says: "'Qing' refers to the punishment of tattooing with ink." The Kaosheng says: "Like the facial stamping of today." The Shuowen jiezi says: "The ink punishment inflicted on the face. Analyzed: from radical 黑 'black', with 京 phonetic." In the Kaosheng it is also written as [劁-隹+里]. The collection has it with radical 刀 'knife' as 剠, pronounced 亮, 亮 meaning 'to plunder', which does not have the meaning of punishment); 劓 [yi] (lower character: 魚 + 記 fanqie. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Zhouli says: "'Yi' refers to cutting off the nose." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To slit the nose." It is also written with radical 臬 as 㓷; 臬 is pronounced 齧).

98.49

Lifting the feet: 矯 [jiao] (驕 + 夭 fanqie. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "'Jiao' means to lift." The collection has it with radical 糸 'silk' as 繑, pronounced 綺 + 妖 fanqie; the Kaosheng explains it as 'narrow trousers', though its meaning here remains unclear).

98.50

This proverb: 諺 [yan] (言 + 建 fanqie. The Zuozhuan says: "A proverb of Zhou has it." The Kaosheng says: "Transmitting ancient sayings." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Transmitted words. Analyzed: from radical 言 'speech', with 彥 phonetic." It is also written as 彥, which derives from 文 with 厂 phonetic; 文 is pronounced 文, and 厂 is pronounced 罕. The collection has it with radical 口 'mouth' as 喭, which is incorrect. Writing 彥 with 立 is a vulgar form).

98.51

Miwu (hemlock parsley): 蘼 [mi] (upper character: 靡 + 悲 fanqie); 蕪 [wu] (lower character: 武 + 膚 fanqie. The Shanhaijing says: "The Mount of Dongting has much miwu." Guo [Pu's] commentary says: "An aromatic herb, resembling shechuang (cnidium)." It also says: "It is jiangli." The Bencao says: "Namely the sprouts of xionggiong (ligusticum)." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Both derive from radical 草 'grass', with 靡 and 無 as phonetics").

98.52

Dissecting and analyzing: 剖 [pou] (upper character: 普 + 口 fanqie. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says: "'Pou' means to cleave." Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "Dividing in the middle is called pou." The Cangjiepian says: "'Pou' also means to analyze." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To divide. Analyzed: from radical 刀 'knife', with 咅 phonetic"; 咅 is pronounced 土 + 口 fanqie); 析 [xi] (lower character: 星 + 績 fanqie. Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: "'Xi' means to divide." The Shenglei says: "To split." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To split wood. Analyzed: from radical 木 'wood', with 斤 phonetic." It is also written as 析).

98.53

Da Nao: 撓 [nao] (女 + 絞 fanqie. The Shiben says: "Da Nao created the sexagenary cycle." Song Zhong's commentary on the Lüshi chunqiu says: "Da Nao was the Grand Astrologer to the Yellow Emperor").

98.54

Puddle: 坳 [ao] (烏 + 交 fanqie. The Zhuangzi says: "Spill water onto a hollow in the hall." Gu Yewang says: "'Ao' refers to uneven ground." The Gujin zhengzi analyzes it: from radical 土 'earth', with 幼 phonetic).

98.55

Fascicle 14 of the Collection

98.56

Tares and weeds: 稊 [ti] (upper character: 第 + 泥 fanqie); 莠 [you] (lower character: 由 + 酒 fanqie. Already explained before).

98.57

High and dry: 塏 [kai] (開 + 改 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: "'Shuangkai' is the appearance of land that is high and dry." Du [Yu's] commentary on the Zuozhuan says: "'Shuang' means bright; 'kai' means dry." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 土 'earth', with 豈 phonetic).

98.58

To relieve and aid: 賑 [zhen] (真 + 忍 fanqie. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya says: "'Yinzhen' means affluent." The Shuowen jiezi also says: "Affluent. Analyzed: from radical 貝 'cowrie', with 辰 phonetic").

98.59

How much less dare: 矧 [shen] (尸 + 忍 fanqie. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "'Shen' means how much more/less." The Shuowen jiezi notes that it is also written with radical 弓 'bow' as 矤).

98.60

Eight Zha sacrifices: 蜡 [zha] (查 + 詐 fanqie. The Guangya says: "'Zha' is a sacrifice. The Xia dynasty called it qingsi; the Yin called it jiaping; the Zhou called it dazha; the Qin called it la." The Liji says: "The Son of Heaven held the eight Great Zha sacrifices; Lord Yiqi was the first to institute the Zha. In the twelfth month of the year, all things were gathered together and summoned to be banqueted." The Gujin zhengzi says: "'The eight Zha' means to seek out and summon. Analyzed: from radical 示 'altar', with 昔 phonetic." In the collection it is written as 蜡, which is also interchangeable).

98.61

Deceitful falsehood: 譎 [jue] (㳙 + 穴 fanqie. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Lunyu says: "'Jue' means deceitful." The Fangyan says: "From the Pass eastward and westward, deceit is sometimes called jue." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Expedient deceit. Meng Liang says: to deceive all under heaven falsely is called jue. Analyzed: from radical 言 'speech', with 矞 phonetic"; 矞 is pronounced 巨 + 聿 fanqie).

98.62

Macaque: 狙 [ju] (亡 + 餘 fanqie. The Zhuangzi says: "Ape and macaque mate." The Guangya says: "'Ju' is a macaque (mihou)." The Shuowen jiezi says: "'Ju' belongs to the ape class. Analyzed: from radical 犬 'canine', with 且 phonetic").

98.63

Match or not: 媲 [pi] (批 + 閉 fanqie. The Erya says: "'Pi' means to match." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 女 'woman', with 𣬉 phonetic; 𣬉 is pronounced 蒲 + 齊 fanqie. The collection writing it with radical 昆 as 婫 is incorrect).

98.64

Consort Daji: 妲 [da] (單 + 達 fanqie. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says: "Daji deluded King Zhou [of Shang], and Zhou trusted and employed her." The Kaosheng says: "The consort of King Zhou. Derives from radical 女 'woman'").

98.65

To express principles: 攄 [shu] (褚 + 猪 fanqie. The Guangya says: "'Shu' means to spread out." Gu Yewang says: "To unfold." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 手 'hand', with 慮 phonetic. The collection writes 攄 as a vulgar character).

98.66

White-haired: 皤 [po] (蒲 + 何 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: "'Po' means elderly." The Shuowen jiezi says: "The whiteness of an old person. Analyzed: from radical 白 'white', with 番 phonetic").

98.67

Carrying a basket: 荷 [he] (upper character: 何 + 箇 fanqie. Gu Yewang says: "'He' means to bear a burden or shoulder a load"); 條 [tiao] (lower character: 條 + 了 fanqie. Bao Xian's commentary on the Lunyu says: "'Diao' is the name of a bamboo basket." The Shuowen jiezi states that both derive from radical 草 'grass', with 何 and 條 as phonetics).

98.68

Small and large bamboos: 篠 [xiao] (upper character: 霄 + 了 fanqie); 簜 [dang] (lower character: 黨 + 朗 fanqie. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says: "'Xiao' is small bamboo; 'dang' is large bamboo; once the floodwaters receded, they sprouted everywhere." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Dang can be made into pole handles; xiao can be made into arrows. Both derive from radical 竹 'bamboo', with 攸 and 湯 as phonetics." The Kaosheng notes that the correct form of 篠 is 筱).

98.69

Fragrant orchid: 𮎽 [zhi] (昌 + 禮 fanqie. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya says: "'Zhi' is an aromatic herb." The Kaosheng says: "It resembles the orchid, also named xiao." The Shuowen jiezi says: "The state of Chu calls it li; the state of Jin calls it xiao"; 𮎽 is pronounced 香 + 妖 fanqie; 𦣞 is pronounced 夷).

98.70

Silent: 𨵙 [que] (傾 + 伇 fanqie. Wang Bi's commentary on the Zhouyi says: "'Que' means to conceal its dwelling, keeping itself deeply hidden." The Picang says: "Quiet." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 門 'gate', with 具 phonetic, pronounced 扄 + 伇 fanqie. The collection writing it with radical 貝 'cowrie' as 閴 is incorrect).

98.71

Palace lady Mao: [娾-圭+(夾/二/回)] [qiang] (匠 + 羊 fanqie. The Gujin zhengzi says: "'Qiang' refers to a female palace official. Analyzed: from radical 女 'woman', with 廧 phonetic." The collection writes it as a vulgar variant; 廧 is pronounced the same as above).

98.72

Glaring with indignation: 睚 [ya] (upper character: 崖 + 懈 fanqie); 眦 [zi] (lower character: 柴 + 戒 fanqie. The Guangya says: "'Ya' means to split." Gu Yewang says: "It refers to the appearance of glaring with eyes opened wide in anger." The Shiji mentions that 'even the grudge of a glare (yazi) must be avenged.' The Shuowen jiezi states that both derive from radical 目 'eye', with 厓 and 此 as phonetics. The collection writing it with 柴 as 𥈐 is erroneous).

98.73

Like a mountain echo: 澗 [jian] (姦 + 鴈 fanqie. The Erya says: "Water flanked by mountains is called a jian (ravine)"); 響 [xiang] (lower character: 香 + 兩 fanqie. Kong [Anguo's] commentary on the Shangshu says: "The retribution of good and bad fortune responds just like an echo answers a sound." The collection writing it with radical 山 'mountain' as 𡼏 is incorrect; no character dictionary contains this character).

98.74

Heavy embroidery: [示*(薾-(示-一)+┬)] [zhi] (陟 + 紀 fanqie. The Erya says: "'Zhi' means to sew." Guo [Pu's] commentary says: "People today refer to stitching clothes as zhi." The Guangya says: "'Zhi' means to insert [the needle]." The Shuowen jiezi says: "What is sewn with needle and thread." It is also written as 黹; 黹 derives from radical 黹 with 華 abbreviated phonetic; 華 is pronounced 仕 + 角 fanqie; 紩 is pronounced 袟. The collection writing it with radical 爾 as 禰 is a scribal error).

98.75

A single emaciated one: 臞 [qu] (局 + 俱 fanqie. The Erya says: "'Qu' means emaciated." Guo [Pu's] commentary says: "The people of Qi call lean 'shou'." The Shuowen jiezi says: "Having little flesh. Analyzed: from radical 肉 'flesh', with 瞿 phonetic"; 瘠 is pronounced 情 + 亦 fanqie. It is also written as 臞. The collection writing it with radical 疒 as 癯 is incorrect).

98.76

Hua Tuo: 佗 [tuo] (達 + 何 fanqie. An ancient person skilled in medicine).

98.77

Straightening a hunchback: 伸 [shen] (upper character: 失 + 真 fanqie. Gu Yewang says: "'Shen' refers to not bending." The Picang says: "To unfold." The Guangya says: "Straight"); 傴 [yu] (lower character: 紆 + 禹 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: "A bent back." The Guangya also says: "Bent." The Shuowen jiezi states that both derive from radical 人 'person', with 申 and 區 as phonetics. The collection writing 伸 as 申 is also acceptable; writing it with [爿-〡+(序-予)] as 𤹪 is incorrect, as no such character exists).

98.78

Fascicle 15 of the Collection

98.79

Stripping off the dragon robes: 褫 [chi] (池 + 尒 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: "To strip off clothing." The Cangjiepian says: "To remove clothing." The Shuowen jiezi says: "To undress. Analyzed: from radical 衤 'clothing', with 虒 phonetic"; 虒 is pronounced 斯).

98.80

Slipping on coarse clothes: 躧 [xi] (踈 + 滓 fanqie. The Shuowen jiezi says: "'Xi' means shoes." It is also written as [躪-閵+厄], or as 屣 or 𩌦. The collection writing it with radical 草 'grass' or 竹 'bamboo' as 簁 or 蓗 is in all cases incorrect).

98.81

Heart trembling: 悸 [ji] (葵 + 季 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: "The heart startled and trembling." The Shuowen jiezi says: "The heart fluttering. Analyzed: from radical 心 'heart', with 季 phonetic." It is also written with radical 疒 as 痵).

98.82

Radiantly bright: 昲 [fei] (孚 + 味 fanqie. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "'Fei' is the appearance of light; dazzling like sunlight." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 日 'sun', with 弗 phonetic).

98.83

Flourishingly present: 蔚 [wei] (慍 + 勿 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: "The luxuriant appearance of vegetation." The Wenzi dian说 says: "Luxuriant. Analyzed: from radical 草 'grass', with 尉 phonetic").

98.84

Harmonious sounds in the heavens: 喈 [jie] (界 + 諧 fanqie. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "'Jiejie' is a harmonious sound heard from afar." It also says: "'Jiejie' is like jingling sounds." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 口 'mouth', with 皆 also as phonetic).

98.85

Steadfast integrity: 砥 [di] (upper character: 脂 + 雉 fanqie; also written as 底, already explained before; the collection writing it as 𰦧 is a vulgar character); 操 [cao] (lower character: 草 + 竈 fanqie. Gu Yewang says: "Holding one's purpose firm and constant is called cao." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 手 'hand', with 喿 phonetic; 喿 is pronounced 先 + 到 fanqie).

98.86

Luxuriant flowers: 葳 [wei] (upper character: 委 + 歸 fanqie); 𧄜 [rui] (lower character: 蕤 + 壘 fanqie. The Shuowen jiezi says: "'Wei' is the luxuriant appearance of flowering vegetation; 'rui' is the pistil and stamen of flowers. Both derive from radical 草 'grass', with 威 and 繠 as phonetics"; 繠 is pronounced 女 + 壘 fanqie. The collection writes it as 蕊, which does not exist in the Yupian).

98.87

Jade-like stone and fine jade: 珉 [min] (upper character: 密 + 彬 fanqie. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Liji says: "'Min' is a stone resembling jade." It is also written as [(王*民)/月]. The collection writing it with radical 目 'eye' as 眠 is an error); 瑤 [yao] (lower character: 曜 + 昭 fanqie. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "'Yao' is fine jade." The Shuowen jiezi says: "A beautiful stone." The collection writing it with 𮔀 as 𤨚, pronounced 側 + 絞 fanqie, is an erroneous character).

98.88

Misty and distant: 縹 [piao] (upper character: 漂 + 眇 fanqie. The Shuowen jiezi says: "'Piao' is a light greenish-white color"); 眇 [miao] (lower character: 妙 + 小 fanqie. Wang Yi's commentary on the Chuci says: "Looking afar indistinctly is miaoran." Sima Biao's commentary on the Zhuangzi says: "'Miao' means high." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 目 'eye', with 少 phonetic).

98.89

Firm and winding: 磐 [pan] (upper character: 伴 + 官 fanqie. Wang Bi's commentary on the Zhouyi says: "'Pan' refers to the stability of mountain boulders." The Shenglei says: "A large rock." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 石 'stone', with 般 phonetic); 紆 [yu] (lower character: 迃 + 于 fanqie).

98.90

Attending within: 莅 [li] (離 + 志 fanqie. The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "'Li' means to oversee or attend." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 草 'grass', with 位 phonetic).

98.91

Obscure and dim: 映 [yang] (阿 + 朗 fanqie. The Zizhi says: "'Ying' refers to a dim appearance." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 日 'sun', with 央 phonetic).

98.92

Explanation of the Main Collection, Chapter 11

98.93

Flapping up and down: 頡 [jie] (upper character: 賢 + 結 fanqie); 頑 [wan] (lower character: 航 + 浪 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: "'Jiewan' means suddenly ascending and suddenly descending." The Mao commentary on the Shijing says: "Flying upward is called jie; flying downward is called wan." 頡 is also written as [(土/口)*羽], and 頑 as [(〦/儿)*羽]; both are interchangeable).

98.94

Shouhan: 閈 [han] (寒 + 旦 fanqie. The name of a bodhisattva).

98.95

Falling footprints: 隕 [yun] (云 + 敏 fanqie. The Erya says: "'Yun' means to fall." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 𨸏 'mound', with 員 phonetic. The collection writing it as 磒 is a vulgar character).

98.96

High mountain corner: 嵎 [yu] (遇 + 俱 fanqie).

98.97

A single basketful: 簣 [kui] (達 + 貴 fanqie. Bao Xian's commentary on the Lunyu says: "'Kui' is an earth basket." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 竹 'bamboo', with 貴 phonetic. The collection writing it with radical 艸 as 蕢 is also interchangeable).

98.98

Room lattice: 㰍 [long] (祿 + 東 fanqie. The Cangjiepian says: "'Long' means openwork window." The Guangya says: "'Long' means a chamber." The Shuowen jiezi says: "It refers to the lattice of a chamber. Analyzed: from radical 木 'wood', with 龍 phonetic." The collection writing it as 攏 means to restrain, which is not the intended meaning).

98.99

Sunk and submerged: 湑 [xu] (息 + 余 fanqie. The Yunlüe says: "'Xu' means to sink." The Wenzi dian说 analyzes it: from radical 水 'water', with 胥 also as phonetic. The collection writing it as 湒 is a vulgar character).

98.100

Ashamed at heart: 恧 [nü] (安 + 六 fanqie. Guo [Pu's] commentary on the Erya says: "Feeling ashamed in one's heart is called nü." The Shuowen jiezi also says: "Ashamed. Analyzed: from radical 心 'heart', with 而 phonetic").

98.101

Mao County: 鄮 [mao] (矛 + 候 fanqie. The Hanshu says: "The name of a county in Kuaiji." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 邑 'settlement', with 𧵍 also as phonetic).

98.102

Foundation: 墌 [zhe] (征 + 亦 fanqie. The Yunlüe says: "'Zhe' also means foundation").

98.103

Gao Kui: 悝 [kui] (枯 + 壞 fanqie. A personal name).

98.104

Carrying on the instep: 趺 [fu] (付 + 于 fanqie. Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Li says: "'Fu' is the top of the foot." It is also written as 跗).

98.105

Twisting and lifting: 拗 [ao] (烏 + 絞 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: "'Ao' means to twist and pull").

98.106

Pillar base: 礎 [chu] (初 + 舉 fanqie. Xu Shuzhong's commentary on the Huainanzi says: "The people of Chu call the base-stone under a pillar chu." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 石 'stone', with 楚 phonetic; 磶 is pronounced 思 + 畟 fanqie, and is also written as 舄).

98.107

Turnip and mallow: 葑 [feng] (捧 + 客 fanqie. The Kaosheng says: "The name of a vegetable." Zheng [Xuan's] commentary on the Liji says: "Between Chen and Song, manjing (turnip) is called feng." The Shuowen jiezi analyzes it: from radical 草 'grass', with 封 phonetic).

98.108

潏露 (pronounced *jiāo-xuè* [jué]. Gu Yewang says: *Jué* denotes the appearance of flowing water. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'water' with *yù* phonetic. *Yù* is pronounced *jù-yù* [yù]).

98.109

玉蔕 (pronounced *dī-lì* [dì]. The *Kaosheng* says: *Dì* denotes the point of attachment for fruits and leaves. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'grass' with *dài* phonetic).

98.110

八埏 (pronounced *yǎn-zhān* [yán]. The *Hanshu yinyi* says: The *bāyán* are the boundaries of the earth. The *Gujin zhengzi* says: It refers to the eight borders of the earth. It is formed from 'earth' with *yán* also phonetic).

98.111

蹍而 (pronounced *nǚ-zhǎn* [niǎn]. Sima Biao's commentary to the *Zhuangzi* says: *Niǎn* means to step on. The *Gujin zhengzi* says: It means to tread upon. It is formed from 'foot' with *zhǎn* phonetic).

98.112

莫咥 (pronounced *tián-jié* [dié]. The *Guangya* says: *Dié* means to gnaw or bite. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'mouth' with *zhì* phonetic).

98.113

扺玉 (pronounced *zhī-shì* [zhǐ]. The *Kaosheng* says: *Zhǐ* means to fling or cast down. The *Shuowen* states: It means to strike; it is formed from 'hand' with *shì* phonetic).

98.114

愈睟 (pronounced *suī-jì* [suì]. The *Mengzi* says: 'Its radiance appears serene and mild (*suì*) on the face, speaking without words and understood.' The *Gujin zhengzi* states: It is formed from 'eye' with *zú* phonetic).

98.115

東暾 (pronounced *tǔ-dūn* [tūn]. The *Chuci* says: 'The morning sun (*tūn*) is about to emerge from the east.' Wang Yi's commentary says: It means when the sun begins to rise, its shape is blazing (*tūntūn*) and magnificent. It is also written as 旽 with '屯').

98.116

西弇 (pronounced *yān-jiǎn* [yǎn]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the *Liji* says: *Yǎn* is like covered and obscured. It is also written as 奄, as 揜, or as 掩; all are used interchangeably).

98.117

挂縟 (pronounced *rú-zhú* [rù]. The *Kaosheng* says: *Rù* denotes the appearance of rich, deep colors. The *Shuowen* states: It refers to intricate, ornate colorful adornment. It is formed from 'silk' with *rù* also phonetic).

98.118

緹綺 (pronounced *dì-ní* [tí]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the *Zhouli* says: *Tí* is the color of orange-red silk (*quàn*). The *Shuowen* states: It denotes reddish-yellow silk fabric; it is formed from 'silk' with *shì* phonetic. *Quàn* is pronounced *quān-xuǎn* [quàn]. The second character, 綺, is properly written 綺; in the anthology it is written with a vulgar variant).

98.119

狙詐 (pronounced *qī-yú* [jū]. The *Hanshu* says: 'Deploying deceptive (*jūzhà*) troops.' The *Cang Jie pian* says: *Jū* means to spy; that is, to lie in wait for an opportunity. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'dog' with *qiě* phonetic).

98.120

𣹆死 (pronounced *kǒu-hé* [kē]. The *Chuci* says: 'Rather than perish suddenly (*kē*) into exile and death.' Wang [Yi]'s commentary says: *Kē* is like *yǎn* [sudden]. The *Gujin zhengzi* states: It is formed from 'water' with *hé* phonetic; *hé* is properly formed from 'large' and 'blood', but writing it with 'go' as 盇 is a vulgar form).

98.121

西崦 (pronounced *yān-jiǎn* [yān]. Wang [Yi]'s commentary to the *Chuci* says: Mount Yānzī is the name of a mountain; below it is the Haoshui river, within which lies the Yūyuān abyss where the sun sets. It is also written as 𡹮).

98.122

阽危 (pronounced *yú-jiān* [diàn]. The *Kaosheng* says: Overlooking the edge of a cliff. The *Chuci* says: 'Periling (*diàn*) my body to hazardous death.' Wang [Yi]'s commentary says: It also means dangerous. The *Shuowen* also says perilous; it is formed from 'mound' with *zhān* phonetic. In the anthology it is written as 阽, which is a vulgar character; but having been in circulation for a long time it cannot easily be changed, so now we simply follow the popular form).

98.123

祧墠 (The first character is pronounced *tiào-diāo* [tiāo]; the second is pronounced *chán-chǎn* [shàn]. Kong [Anguo]'s commentary to the *Shangshu* says: Building up earth to form an altar is called *tán*, clearing the ground is called *shàn*. The *Kaosheng* says: *Shàn* means to clear away, serving as a place of sacrifice. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'earth' with *dān* also phonetic).

98.124

僾然 (pronounced *āi-dài* [ài]. The *Liji* says: 'Entering the chamber, indistinctly (*àirán*) one seems to see [the deceased parent] at their place.' The *Shuowen* states: Indistinctly visible; it is formed from 'person' with *ài* phonetic).

98.125

緹幟 (The first character is pronounced *dì-ní* [tí], explained previously. In the anthology it is written with 'step' as 徥, pronounced *chí-ěr* [tí], which the *Shuowen* defines as 'to walk', but this is probably not the intended meaning. The second character is pronounced *chāng-zhì* [zhì]. The *Guangya* says: A *zhì* is a pennant. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'cloth').

98.126

Guang hongming ji, Fascicle Sixteen

98.127

Compiled by Huilin

98.128

嗤往 (pronounced *chǐ-zhī* [chī]. The *Shuowen* says: *Chī* means to ridicule or laugh at; it is formed from 'mouth' with *chī* also phonetic. In the anthology it is written with 'insect' as 螘, which is incorrect; the dictionaries have no such character).

98.129

顧疌 (pronounced *qián-yè* [jié]. A person's name).

98.130

櫩宇 (pronounced *yè-zhān* [yán]. The *Wen zi jilüe* says: The overhanging eaves at the front and back of a house. It is also written as 檐, or with 'bamboo' as 簷).

98.131

杻陽 (pronounced *nǚ-jiǔ* [niǔ]. Checking the *Yunlüe*, *niǔ* is the name of a tree. According to the text of the anthology, Niuyang is a place where copper is produced. The *Shuowen* says it is a place name written with the radical '邑' as [邸-氏+刃]; it is not clear which is correct).

98.132

飇尒 (pronounced *shì-piào-yáo* [biāo]. Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the *Erya* says: A violent whirlwind rising from below upwards. The *Shizi* says: A sudden storm with swirling violent wind (*biāo*). The *Shuowen* states: *Biāo* denotes a tempestuous, whirling wind; it is formed from 'wind' with *biāo* also phonetic. The *Erya* also uses this character 猋).

98.133

躍鞘 (pronounced *xiāo-yào* [qiào]. The *Fangyan* says: A sword scabbard (*xiào*); east of the pass it is called *xiào*, west of the pass it is called *bǐng*. Gu Yewang says: That which holds the blade of a knife or sword. The *Kaosheng* says: A *qiào* is a sheath for knives and swords; it is either written with 'leather' as 鞘 or with 'knife' as 削, both used interchangeably. *Bǐng* is pronounced *bì-mǐng* [bǐng]; *mǐng* is pronounced *míng-bìng* [mǐng]).

98.134

邠鄉 (pronounced *bǐ-mín* [bīn]. A person's name).

98.135

崇甍 (pronounced *mài-bēng* [méng]. Du [Yu]'s commentary to the *Zuo zhuan* says: *Méng* is the roof ridge beam of a house. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'tile' with an abbreviated *mèng* phonetic. *Bēng* is pronounced *bǎi-máng* [bēng]).

98.136

鳥跂 (pronounced *jié-zhǐ* [qǐ]. The *Fangyan* says: *Qǐ* means to climb or ascend. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'foot' with *pū* phonetic).

98.137

褰裧 (The first character is pronounced *qiāng-yán* [qiān]. The *Kaosheng* says: *Qiān* means to lift or hoist up. The second character is pronounced *chī-shàn* [chān]. Zheng Xuan's commentary to the *Yili* says: *Chān* is the hanging curtain around the lower part of a carriage. The *Picang* writes it as 惔; the *Shenglei* writes it as 𨎻; all are interchangeable).

98.138

琪璐 (The first character is pronounced *qú-jī* [qí]. Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the *Erya* says: *Qí* belongs to the jade class. The second character is pronounced *lú-dù* [lù]. Wang Yi's commentary to the *Chuci* says: *Lù* is fine jade. The *Shuowen* states: Both are formed from 'jade' with *qí* and *lù* respectively as phonetic. It is also written as 𤪌).

98.139

湮祥 (pronounced *yī-zhēn* [yīn]. Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the *Erya* says: *Yīn* means to sink down or fall. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'water' with *yīn*; *yīn* is also phonetic. In the anthology it is written with 'mound' as 陻, which is incorrect).

98.140

崖巘 (pronounced *yán-yǎn* [yǎn]. The *Mao Shi Commentary* says: A small hill separated from a large mountain. Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the *Erya* says: A mountain shaped like two stacked steaming-pots. The *Gujin zhengzi* states: It is formed from 'mountain' with *xiàn* phonetic).

98.141

游泳 (pronounced *róng-mìng* [yǒng]. The *Erya* says: *Yǒng* also means to swim (*yóu*). It is also written with 'boat' as [昶-日+舟]).

98.142

淥海 (pronounced *lóng-zhú* [lù]. The *Kaosheng* says: *Lù* denotes the clear color of water. In the anthology it is written with 'grass' as [卄/淥], which is incorrect; the dictionaries have no such character).

98.143

㮵香 (pronounced *zhàn-yán* [zhān]. The *Kaosheng* says: *Zhāntán* [candana] is the name of a fragrant incense tree. In the anthology it is written as 柵, pronounced *cè*; another edition writes it as 柟, pronounced *nán*; neither conveys the sense of fragrance).

98.144

駐罕 (The first character is pronounced *zhū-zhù* [zhù]. The second character is pronounced *xū-gǎn* [hǎn]. The *Hanshu yinyi* says: *Hǎn* is a net for snaring birds or beasts. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 𠔿 with *gān* phonetic; 𠔿 is the ancient character for *wǎng* [net]).

98.145

停罼 (pronounced *bīn-mì* [bì]. The *Mao Shi Commentary* says: *Bì* refers to screening off and netting them. *Bì* is also written as 畢. In the anthology it is written with 'foot' as 蹕; Zheng Zhong's commentary to the *Zhouli* says this means clearing the imperial road, which is not the meaning of the hunting-net *hǎnbì*).

98.146

隆窊 (pronounced *wū-wā* [wā]. The *Shuowen* says: *Wā* means sloping downwards; it is formed from 'cave' with *guā* phonetic. It is also written as 窪. In the anthology it is written as 窳, pronounced *yú-zhǔ* [yǔ], which is incorrect).

98.147

幽摛 (pronounced *chǐ-lí* [chī]. The *Shuowen* says: *Chī* means to unfold or spread out; or to seize).

98.148

城闉 (pronounced *yī-zhēn* [yīn]. The *Mao Shi Commentary* says: *Yīn* is a curved outer wall. The *Shuowen* states: The double gate in a curved city wall; it is formed from 'gate' with *yīn*; *yīn* is also phonetic).

98.149

彤雲 (pronounced *dú-dōng* [tóng]. The *Guangya* says: *Tóng* is red. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'cinnabar' with '彡'; '彡' depicts decorative drawing).

98.150

淮涘 (pronounced *shì-shǐ* [sì]. The *Mao Shi Commentary* says: *Sì* is the bank of a river. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'water' with *yǐ* phonetic).

98.151

藹藹 (pronounced *āi-dài* [ǎi]. The *Guangya* says: *Ǎi'ǎi* denotes an abundant appearance. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'words' with *gě* phonetic. In the anthology it is written with 'words' and 'love' as 諼, which is incorrect).

98.152

膴膴 (pronounced *wú-fǔ* [wǔ]. The *Mao Shi Commentary* says: *Wǔwǔ* means rich and fertile. The *Han Shi* sometimes writes it with the character 腜).

98.153

葺蕙 (pronounced *qī-lì* [qì]. The *Zuo zhuan* says: 'Shusun, though [only staying for] a single day, will surely repair (*qì*) his walls and roof.' The *Wen zi dian shuo* says: *Qì* means thatch-thatching; it means to mend and repair; it is formed from 'grass' with *qì* also phonetic. In the anthology it is written with 'grass' and '咠' as a popular form).

98.154

嶠甍 (The first character is pronounced *qiáo*. The *Erya* says: A mountain with steep crags and great height is called *qiáo*. Guo [Pu]'s commentary says: It means towering and sheer. The *Shiming* says: Its shape resembles a bridge (*qiáo*). The *Gujin zhengzi* states: It is formed from 'mountain' with *qiáo* phonetic. In the anthology it is written as 嶠, which is a vulgar character; it is also written as 㠐. The second character is pronounced *mò-méng* [méng], glossed earlier in the scroll).

98.155

蓬蘀 (pronounced *tāng-luò* [tuò]. The *Mao Shi* says: 'In the tenth month the fallen leaves (*tuò*) drop.' The Commentary says: Falling away; it also means withered. Zheng's *Jian* says: When leaves wither, catching the wind they then drop. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'grass' with *zé* phonetic).

98.156

Anthology [Guang hongming ji], Fascicle Seventeen

98.157

共睹 (pronounced *dū-lǔ* [dǔ]. The *Guangya* says: *Dǔ* means to look at. The *Shuowen* states: It means to see; it is the ancient character for 覩).

98.158

執珽 (pronounced *tì-dǐng* [tǐng]. The *Liji* says: 'The Son of Heaven inserts his jade scepter (*tǐng*), making upright the world.' Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary says: This is a tablet (*hù*). The *Shuowen* states: A large jade scepter three feet in length; it is formed from 'jade' with *tíng* phonetic. *Tíng* is pronounced *tī-dìng* [tǐng]).

98.159

銀盌 (pronounced *wū-guǎn* [wǎn]. It is also written as 椀; the *Shenglei* also writes it as [死/瓦]).

98.160

賜蜆 (pronounced *yāo-diǎn* [xiǎn]. The *Wen zi jilüe* says: The *xiǎn* resembles a clam but is smaller. It is also written as 𧖙; pronounced *yāo-xiǎn-yāo* [xiǎn]).

98.161

鐵壓 (pronounced *àn-jiǎ* [yà]. Du [Yu]'s commentary to the *Zuo zhuan* says: *Yà* means to damage or injure. The *Shuowen* states: It means to break down; it is formed from 'earth' with *yàn* phonetic. In the anthology it is written with 'cave' as 䆘; the *Shuowen* defines this as a needle-puncture channel in the channels, which does not carry the meaning of pressing down or crushing).

98.162

淨縚 (pronounced *tǎo-dāo* [tāo]. A monk's name).

98.163

蟠屈 (pronounced *bá-hán* [pán]. Gu Yewang says: *Pán* means coiling and curving round. The *Shuowen* states: It is formed from 'insect' with *fān* phonetic. *Bá* is pronounced *pú-wèi* [pèi]).

98.164

覆炤 (pronounced *zhāo-yào* [zhào]. The *Guangya* says: *Zhào* means illumination. The *Cang Jie pian* says: *Zhào* means to shine upon. It is also written as 照).

98.165

Anthology [Guang hongming ji], Fascicle Eighteen

98.166

咀春草 (The first character is pronounced *jí-yǔ* [jǔ]. The *Cang Jie pian* says: *Jǔ* means to chew. The *Shenglei* sometimes writes it with 'tooth' as 齟. The character *jiào* [chew] is pronounced *qiáo-xiào* [jiào]).

98.167

臽穽 (The first character is pronounced like *xiàn*. The *Guangya* says: *Xiàn* means a pit. The *Shuowen* says: *Xiàn* is a small pitfall trap; it is formed with a person atop a mortar, pictographic. In the anthology it is written with 'mound' as 陷, which means falling from a high place, not the sense of a pitfall trap. The second character is pronounced *qíng-xìng* [jǐng]. The *Shuowen* says: [(叡-(谷-口+目))/井] also means a pit; it is formed from 𣦻 with *jǐng* phonetic. The *Kaosheng* writes it as 阱. In the anthology it is written with 'cave' as 穽, which is a vulgar character. 𣦻 is pronounced *cán*).

98.168

鑒能 (fanqie: 甲 + 懺. The Guangya says: 'Jian (鑒) refers to a mirror.' The Kaosheng says: 'Used at night to reflect the moon and attract water.' The Shuowen says: 'A jian is a vessel used to take bright water from the moon; it has the metal radical and lin phonetic.' Lin is fanqie: 公 + 纜. The collected text has 鑑, which also serves. The Kaosheng also writes it as 鑒).

98.169

精粗 (fanqie: 醋 + 租. Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Liji says: 'Cu (粗) means large; it is a phonetic loan character.' The standard form is written 麤, and the popular form is written 麤).

98.170

異轍 (fanqie: 纏 + 列. Du's commentary to the Zuozhuan says: 'Che (轍) refers to wheel tracks.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the carriage radical and the abbreviated che phonetic.' The collected text writes it with the foot radical as 𨅊, which is incorrect).

98.171

造膝 (The upper character is fanqie: 草 + 竈. The lower character is fanqie: 新 + 疾. The Xiaojing says: 'To nurture one's parents within the lap of one's birth.' The Shuowen writes it as 䣛, with the jie radical and xi phonetic. Xi is pronounced seven [qi]. The collected text writes it as [矂-品+七], which does not form a character).

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嶠阻 (The upper character is fanqie: 渠 + 驕. Guo's commentary to the Erya says: 'Qiao (嶠) means steep.' The lower character is fanqie: 側 + 呂. Guo's commentary to the Erya says: 'Zu (阻) means perilous and difficult.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the mound radical and qie phonetic.' The collected text writes it with the mountain radical as 岨, which is incorrect).

98.173

嘿巳 (fanqie: 眉 + 北. Gu Yewang says: 'Hei (嘿) means not speaking.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It has the mouth radical and hei phonetic').

98.174

辛諝 (fanqie: 息 + 旅. A person's name).

98.175

炙輠 (fanqie: 華 + 瓦).

98.176

聯環 (The upper character is fanqie: 列 + 邅. The Guangya says: 'To connect in sequence.' The Shuowen says: 'Lian (聯) also means to connect; it is also written as 連.' The lower character is fanqie: 患 + 關. Zheng Zhong's commentary to the Zhouyi says: 'Huan (環) means to encircle.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the jade radical and qiong phonetic.' Qiong is fanqie: 巨 + 營).

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掞藻 (fanqie: 閻 + 瞻. The Hanshu says: 'Dispersing beauty in front; yan (掞) means brilliant and bright.' Gu Yewang says: 'Yan (掞) is like dazzling.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'It has the hand radical and yan phonetic').

98.178

梗槩 (The upper character is fanqie: 更 + 杏. The lower character is fanqie: 該 + 礙. Xue Zong's commentary to the Dongjing fu says: 'Genggai (梗槩) means not minute and dense.' The Shuowen says: 'Both have the wood radical, with the geng and ji phonetic components respectively.' Gai is fanqie: 居 + 哀. Xian is fanqie: 思 + 廉).

98.179

羅縠 (fanqie: 紅 + 穀. The Shiming says: 'Hu (縠) refers to sha gauze.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the silk radical and hu phonetic, pronounced with the fanqie: 苦 + 角').

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周顗 (fanqie: 疑 + 紀).

98.181

王濛 (fanqie: 木 + 東).

98.182

王謐 (fanqie: 彌 + 必. The three are all personal names).

98.183

Collected Writings, Fascicle Nineteen

98.184

輪騖 (fanqie: 無 + 付. The Guangya says: 'Wu (騖) means to gallop.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the horse radical and wu phonetic.' Wu is pronounced wu).

98.185

春鮪 (fanqie: 韋 + 鬼. The Kaosheng says: 'The name of a fish. In the mid-spring month, it comes out of caves in Gong County and travels to Longmen.' The Zhouli says: 'In spring, present the royal sturgeon.' Guo's commentary to the Shanhai jing says: 'Wei (鮪) is precisely the zhan (鱣) sturgeon.' Furthermore, his commentary to the Erya says: 'The zhan is a large fish; its mouth is below its chin, it has no scales, and its flesh is yellow. The large ones reach two or three zhang; east of the Yangtze it is called yellow-fish.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the fish radical and you phonetic.' Zhan is fanqie: 哲 + 連).

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敱枻 (fanqie: 羊 + 制. The Wenzi jilüe says: 'Yi (枻) all belong to the category of oars.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It has the hand radical and shi phonetic.' Shi is pronounced shi).

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同鑣 (fanqie: 彼 + 驕. The Wenzi jilüe says: 'A horse bridle bit.' The Shuowen says: 'It is also a bit; it has the metal radical and biao phonetic.' Biao is fanqie: 薄 + 交. The collected text writes it with the horse radical as 騼, pronounced lu, meaning a wild horse, which does not fit the sense).

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葐[蓋-去+(ㄇ@人)] (The upper character is fanqie: 憤 + 聞. The lower character is fanqie: 鬱 + 雲. Wang Yi's commentary to the Chuci says: '[蓋-去+(ㄇ@人)]fen ([蓋-去+(ㄇ@人)]葐) is a flourishing appearance.' Zuo Si's Shudu fu says: 'Luxuriantly flourishing amidst the emerald haze.' Zhang Xian's commentary says: 'Fragrant and sweet-smelling.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Both have the grass radical, with pen and yun phonetic components respectively').

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昭晰 (fanqie: 之 + 逝. The Mao Shi zhuan says: 'Xi (晣) means bright; it is also written as 哲').

98.190

實痗 (Pronounced mei. The Erya says: 'Mei (痗) means illness.' The Gujin zhengzi says: 'It has the sickness radical and mei is also phonetic').

98.191

駔馬 (fanqie: 贓 + 朗. The Kaosheng says: 'Zang (駔) refers to contemporary horse-trading middlemen.' The Lüshi chunqiu says: 'Duanmu Mu served as the broker (zang) for the state of Jin.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the horse radical and qie phonetic.' Qie is fanqie: 即 + 余).

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緇其 (fanqie: 側 + 基. The Mao Shi zhuan says: 'Zi (緇) means black color.' The Shuowen says: 'Black color of white clothing; it has the silk radical and zi is also phonetic.' The collected text writes it with the water radical as 淄, the name of a river in the Qi region; the same below).

98.193

重𱽹 (fanqie: 悅 + 稅. The Gujin zhengzi says: 'Rui (𱽹) means small; when any grass first emerges, it is called rui, referring to the initial sprouting of the shoots.' It has the grass radical and chuo phonetic. Chuo is fanqie: 彖 + 活).

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沾濠 (fanqie: 晧 + 高. Explained previously).

98.195

璣璜 (fanqie: 胡 + 光. Zheng's commentary to the Zhouli says: 'Half a bi jade is called a huang. It symbolizes the closing and storing away in winter, when the city walls are clear of affairs and only half the heavens are visible.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the jade radical and huang phonetic').

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罿網 (fanqie: 觸 + 鍾. Guo's commentary to the Erya says: 'Chong (罿) refers to contemporary water-lift carts.' The Han Shi says: 'Spreading nets over carriages is called chong.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the net radical and tong phonetic').

98.197

無躔 (fanqie: 徹 + 連. Guo's commentary to the Fangyan says: 'Chan (躔) is like treading.' Moreover, his commentary to the Erya says: 'Refers to the place where the feet tread.' The Shuowen says: 'It has the foot radical and chan phonetic').

98.198

援西 (fanqie: 越 + 元. The Mao Shi zhuan says: 'Yuan (爰) means in.' The Shuowen says: 'To exchange scholar dwellings using yuan is called yuan; it is also written with shou and gan as 爰.' Yuan is fanqie: 平 + 袁).

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迻在 (fanqie: 異 + 支. The Cang Jie pian says: 'Yi (迻) means to move.' The Shuowen says: 'To shift; it is also written with the grain radical as 移, with the same meaning').

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擁帚 (fanqie: 周 + 手. The Shiben says: 'Shaokang invented the dustpan and broom.' Song Zhong's commentary says: 'Shaokang was the grandson of the Xia ruler; that is Du Kang; he was buried at Changyuan.' Gu Yewang says: 'A broom is what is used to sweep away dust and dirt.' The Shuowen says: 'It shows a hand holding a cloth to sweep inside the gate').

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一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese