Bhagavadgita 17

Gūḍhārthadīpikā 17

Language: Sanskrit

17.1

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | anantarādhyāye ‘adhaśca mūlānyanusantatāni karmānubandhīni manuṣyaloke’ ityatra manuṣyadehe prāgbhavīyakarmānusāreṇa vyajyamānā vāsanāḥ saṃsārasyāvāntaramūlatvenoktāstāśca daivyāsurī rākṣasī ceti prāṇināṃ prakṛtayo navame'dhyāye sūcitāḥ | tatra vedabodhitakarmātmajñānopāyānuṣṭhānapravṛttihetuḥ sāttvikī śubhavāsanā daivī prakṛtirityucyate | evaṃ vaidikaniṣedhātikrameṇa svabhāvasiddharāgadveṣānusārisarvānarthapravṛttihetubhūtā rājasī tāmasī cāśubhavāsanāsurī rākṣasī ca prakṛtirucyate | tatra ca viṣayabhogaprādhānyena rāgaprābalyādāsurautvaṃ, hiṃsāprādhānyena dveṣaprābalyādrākṣasatvamiti vivekaḥ | saṃprati tu śāstrānusāreṇa tadrihitapravṛttihetubhūtā sāttvikī śubhavāsanā daivī saṃpat, śāstrātikrameṇa tanniṣiddhaviṣayapravṛttihetubhūtā rājasī, tāmasī cāśubhavāsanā rākṣasryāsurryorekīkaraṇenāsurīsaṃpaditi dvairāśyena śubhāśubhavāsanāmedaṃ ‘dvayā ha prājāpatyā devāścāsurāśca’ ityādiśrutiprasiddhaṃ śubhānāmādānāyā-
4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | śubhānāṃ hānāya ca pratipādayituṃ ṣoḍaśo'dhyāya ārabhyate | tatrādau ślokatrayeṇādeyāṃ daivīṃ saṃpadaṃ śrībhagavānuvāca-śāstropadiṣṭe'rthe saṃdehaṃ vinā'nuṣṭhānaniṣṭhatvaṃ ekākī sarvaparigrahaśūnyaḥ kathaṃ jīviṣyāmīti bhayarāhityaṃ vā'bhayam, sattvasyāntaḥkaraṇasya śuddhirnairmalatā tasyāḥ samyaktvā bhagavattattvasphūrtiyogyatā sattvasaṃśuddhiḥ paravañcanamāyā'nṛtādiparivarjanaṃ vā parasya vyājena vaśīkaraṇaṃ paravañcanaṃ, hṛdaye'nyathā kṛtvā bahiranyathā vyavaharaṇaṃ māyā, ayathādṛṣṭakaraṇamanṛtamityādi, jñānaṃ śāstrādātmatattvasyāvagamaḥ, cittaikāgratayā tasya svātmānuvārūḍhatvaṃ yogastayorvyavasthitiḥ sarvadā tanniṣṭhatā jñānayogavyavasthitiḥ | yadvā tu abhayaṃ sarvabhūtābhayadānasaṃkalpapālanaṃ, | etaccānyeṣāmapi paramahaṃsadharmāgāmupalakṣaṇam | sattvasaṃśuddhiśravaṇādiparipākenāntaḥkaraṇasyāsaṃbhāvanāviparītabhāvanāvamalarāhityaṃ | jñānamātmasākṣātkāraḥ | yogo manonāśavāsanākṣayānukūlaḥ puruṣaprayatnastābhyāṃ viśiṣṭā saṃsārivilakṣaṇāvasthitirjīvanmuktirjñānayogavyavasthitirityevaṃ vyākhyāyate tadā phalabhūtaiṣā daivī saṃpadiyaṃ draṣṭavyā | bhagavadbhaktiṃ vināntaḥkaraṇaśuddherayogāttayā sāpi kathitā 'mahātmānastu māṃ pārtha daivīṃ prakṛtimāśritāḥ | bhajantyananyamanaso jñātvā bhūtādimavyayam' iti navame daivyāṃ saṃpadi bhagavadbhakteruktatvācca bhagavadbhakteratiśreṣṭhatvādabhayādibhiḥ saha pāṭho na kṛta iti draṣṭavyam | mahābhāgyānāṃ paramahaṃsānāṃ phalabhūtāṃ daivīṃ saṃpadamuktvā tato nyūnānāṃ gṛhasthādīnāṃ sādhanabhūtāmāha-dānaṃ svasvatvāspadānāmannādīnāṃ yathāśakti śāstroktaḥ saṃvibhāgaḥ | damo bāhyendriyasaṃyamaḥ ṛtukālādyatiriktakāle maithunādyabhāvaḥ | cakāro'nuktānāṃ nivṛttilakṣaṇadharmāṇāṃ
prāṇivṛtticchedo hiṃsā taddhetutvamahiṃsā | satyamanarthānanubandhi yathābhūtārthavacanam | parairākrośe tāḍane vā kṛte sati prāpto yaḥ krodhastasya tatkālamupaśamanamakrodhaḥ | dānasya prāguktestyāgaḥ saṃnyāsaḥ | damasya prāgukteḥ śāntirantaḥkaraṇasyopaśamaḥ | parasmai parokṣe paradoṣaprakāśanaṃ paiśunaṃ tadabhāvo'paiśunam | dayā bhūteṣu duḥkhiteṣvanukampā | aloluptvaṃ indriyāṇāṃ viṣayasaṃnidhānepyavikriyatvam | mārdavamakrūratvaṃ vṛthāpūrvapakṣādiṣvapi śiṣyādiṣvapriyabhāṣaṇādivyatirekeṇa bodhayitṛtvam | hīrakāryapravṛttyārambhe tatpratibandhikā lokasajjā | acāpalai

17.2

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | samuccayārthaḥ | yajñaśca śrauto'gnihotradarśapūrṇamāsādiḥ, smārto devayajñaḥ pitṛyajño bhūtayajño manuṣyayajña iti caturvidhaḥ | brahmayajñasya svādhyāyapadena pṛthagukteḥ | cakāro'nuktānāṃ pravṛttilakṣaṇadharmāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | etatrayaṃ gṛhasthasya | svādhyāyo brahmayajñaḥ adṛṣṭārthamṛgvedādyadhyayanarūpo yajñaśabdena pañcavidhamahāyajñoktisaṃbhave'pyasādhāranyena brahmacāridharmakathanārtha pṛthaguktiḥ | tapastrividhaṃ śārīrādi saptadaśe vakṣyamāṇaṃ vānaprasthasyāsādhāraṇo dharmaḥ | evaṃ caturṇāmapyāśramāṇā masādhāraṇāndharmānuktvā caturṇāṃ varṇānāmasādhāraṇadharmānrāha- ārjavaṃ avakratvaṃ śraddadhāneṣu śrotṛṣu svajñātātharsāṃgopanam |
tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṃ strībālakādibhirmūrkhairanabhibhāvyatvam | kṣamā satyapi sāmarthye paribhavahetuṃprati krodhasyānutpattiḥ | dhṛtirdehendriyeṣvavasādaṃ prāpteṣvapi taduttambhakaḥ prayatnaviśeṣaḥ | yenottambhitāni karaṇāni śarīraṃ ca nāvasīdanti | etattrayaṃ kṣatriyasyāsādhāraṇam | śaucamābhyantaraṃ arthaprayogādau māyāśaṭhyādirāhityaṃ natu mṛjjalādijanitaṃ bāhyamatra grāhyam | tasya śarīraśuddhirūpatayā bāhyatvenāntaḥkaraṇavāsanāśodhakatvābhāvāt tadvāsanānāmeva sāttvikādibhedabhinnānāṃ daivyāsuryādisaṃpadrūpalenātra pratipipādayiṣitatvāt | svādhyāyādivatkenacidrūpeṇa vāsanārūpatve tadapyādeyameva | drohaḥ parajighāṃsayā śastragrahaṇādi tadabhāvo'drohaḥ | etadvayaṃ vaiśyasyāsādhāraṇam | atyarthaṃ mānitātmani pūjyatvātiśayabhāvanātamānitā tadabhāvo nātimānitā pūjyeṣu namratā | ayaṃ śūdrasyāsādhāraṇo dharmaḥ | 'tametaṃ vedānuvacanena brāhmaṇā vividiṣanti yajñena dānena tapasā'nāśakena' ityādiśrutyā vividiṣopayikatayā viniyuktā asādhāraṇāḥ sādhāraṇāśca varṇāśramadharmā ihopalakṣyante | ete dharmā bhavanti niṣpadyante daivīṃ śuddhasa-

17.3

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | prayojanaṃ vināpi vākpāṇyādivyāpārayitṛtvaṃ cāpalaṃ tadabhāvaḥ | ārjavādayodhe'cāpalāntā brāhmaṇasyāsādhāraṇā dharmāḥ |
ādeyatvena daivīṃ saṃpadamuktvāedānīṃ heyatvenāsurī saṃpadamekena ślokena saṃkṣipyāha— dambho dhārmikatayātmanaḥ khyāpanaṃ tadeva dharmadhvajitvam | darpo dhanasvajanādinimitto mahadavadhīraṇāheturgarvaviśeṣaḥ | atimāna ātmanyatyantapūjyatvātiśayādhyāropa ‘devāśca vā asurāścobhaye prājāpatyāḥ taṃ spṛdhire tato'surā atimānenaiva kasminnu vayaṃ juhuyāmeti sveṣvevāsyeṣu juhvataścerūste'timānenaiva parābabhūvustasmānnātimanyeta parābhavasya hyetanmukhaṃ yadatimāna·’ iti śatapathaśrutyuktaḥ | krodhaḥ svaparāpakārapravṛttiheturabhijvalanātmakaśceto'ntaḥkaraṇavṛttiviśeṣaḥ | pāruṣyaṃ pratyakṣarūkṣavadanaśīlalam | cakāro'nuktānāṃ bhāvabhūtānāṃ cāpalādidoṣāṇāṃ samuccayārthaḥ | ajñānaṃ kartavyākartavyādiviṣayavivekābhāvaḥ | caśabdo'nuktānāmabhāvabhūtānāmadhṛtyādidoṣāṇāṃ samuccayārtha. | āsurīmasuraramahetubhūtāṃ rajastamomayīṃ saṃpadamaśubhavāsanāsantati śarīrārambhakāle pāpakarmabhirabhivyaktāmabhilakṣya jātasya kupuruṣasya dambhādyā ajñānāntā doṣā eva bhavanti na tvabhayādyā guṇā ityarthaḥ | he

17.4

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | tvamayīṃ saṃpadaṃ vāsanāsantatiṃ śarīrārambhakāle puṇyakarmabhirabhivyaktāmabhilakṣya jātasya puruṣasya ‘taṃ vidyākarmaṇī samanvārabhete pūrvaprajñā ca’ ‘puṇya. puṇyena karmaṇā bhavati pāpaḥ pāpena’ ityādiśrutibhyaḥ | he bhārateti saṃbodhayan śuddhavaṃśodbhavatvena pūtatvāttvametādṛśadharmayogyo'sīti sūcayati |
anayoḥ saṃpadoḥ phalavibhāgo'bhidhīyate—yasya varṇasya yasyāśramasya ca yā vihitā sāttvikī phalābhisandhirahitā kriyā sā tasya daivī saṃpat | sā sattvaśuddhibhagavadbhaktijñānayogasthitiparyantā satī saṃsārabandhanādvimokṣāya kaivalyāya bhavati ataḥ saivopādeyā śreyorthibhiḥ | yā tu yasya śāstraniṣiddhā phalābhisandhaṃpūrvā sāhaṃkārā ca rājasī tāmasī kriyā tasya sā sarvāpyāsurī saṃpat, ato rākṣasapi tadantarbhūtaiva | sā nibandhāya niyatāya saṃsārabandhāya matā saṃmatā śāstrāṇāṃ tadanusāriṇāṃ ca ataḥ sā heyaiva śreyo'rthibhirityarthaḥ | tatraivaṃsatyahaṃ kayā saṃpadā yukta iti saṃdihānamarjunamāśvāsayati bhagavān—mā śuca iti | mā śuco'hamāsuryā saṃpadā yukta iti śaṅkayā śokamanutāpaṃ mā kārṣīḥ, daivīṃ saṃpadamabhilakṣya jāto'si prāgarjitakalyāṇo bhāvikalyāṇaśca tvamasi he pāṇḍava, pāṇḍuputraśvantyeṣvapi daivī saṃpatprasiddhā kiṃ punastvayīti bhāvaḥ |

17.5

nanu bhavatu rākṣasī prakṛtirāsuryāmantarbhūtā śāstraniṣiddhakriyonmukhatvena sāmānyātkāmopabhogaprādhānyaprāṇihiṃsāprādhānyābhyāṃ kvacidbhedena vyapadeśopapatteḥ | mānuṣī tu prakṛtistṛtīyā pṛthagasti | 'trayā hna prājāpatyāḥ prajāpatau pitari brahmacaryamūṣurdevā manuṣyā asurāḥ' iti śruteḥ | ataḥ sāpi heyakoṭāvupādeyakoṭau vā vaktavyetyata āha—asmim̐lloke sarvasminnapi saṃsāramārge dvau dvipakārāveva bhūtasargau manuṣyasargau bhavataḥ | kau tau daiva āsuraśca natu rākṣaso

17.6

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | pārtheti saṃbodhayanviśuddhamātṛkatvena tadayogyatvaṃ sūcayati |
varjanīyāmāsurīṃ saṃpadaṃ prāṇiviśeṣaṇatayā tānahaṃmiyataḥ prāktanairdvādaśabhiḥ

17.7

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | mānuṣo vā'dhikaḥ sargo'stītyarthaḥ | yo yadā manuṣyaḥ śāstrasaṃskāraprābalyena svabhāvasiddhau rāgadveṣāvabhibhūya dharmaparāyaṇo bhavati sa tadā devaḥ, yadā tu svabhāvasiddharāgadveṣaprābalyena śāstrasaṃskāramabhibhūyādharmaparāyaṇo bhavati sa tadā'sura iti dvaividhyopapatteḥ | nahi dharmādharmābhyāṃ tṛtīyā koṭirasti | tathāca śrūyate 'dvayā ha prājāpatyā devāścāsurāśca tataḥ kanīyasā eva devā jyāyasā asurā iti damadānadayāvidhiḥ' iti | apare tu vākye 'trayā ha prājāpatyā' ityādau damadānadayārahitā manuṣyā asurā eva santaḥ kenacitsādharmyeṇa devā manuṣyā asurā ityupacaryanta iti nādhikyāvakāśaḥ | ekenaiva daityakṣareṇa prajāpatinā damarahitānmanuṣyānprati damopadeśaḥ kṛtaḥ, dānarahitānprati dānopadeśaḥ, dayārahitānprati dayopadeśo natu vijātīyā eva devāsuramanuṣyā iha vivakṣitāḥ | manuṣyādhikāratvācchāstrasya | tathācānta upasaṃharati 'tadetadevaiṣā daivī vāganuvadati stanayitnurdadada iti dāmyata datta dayadhvamiti tadetattrayaṃ śikṣeddamaṃ dānaṃ dayāmiti' | tasmādrākṣasī mānuṣī ca prakṛtirāsuryāmevāntarbhavatīti yuktamuktaṃ dvau bhūtasargāviti | tatra daivo bhūtasargo mayā tvāṃ prati vistaraśo vistaraprakāraiḥ proktaḥ sthitaprajñalakṣaṇe dvitīye, bhaktilakṣaṇe dvādaśe, jñānalakṣaṇe trayodaśe, guṇātītalakṣaṇe caturdaśe, iha cābhayamityādinā | idānīmāsuraṃ bhūtasargaṃ me madvacanairvistaraśaḥ pratipādyamānaṃ tvaṃ śṛṇu jñānārthamavadhāraya | samyaktayā jñātasya hi parivarjanaṃ śakyate kartumiti he pārtheti saṃbandhasūcanenānupekṣaṇīyatāṃ darśayati |
nanu dharmādharmayoḥ pravṛttinivṛttiviṣayayoḥ pratipādakaṃ vedākhyaṃ pramāṇamasti nirdoṣaṃ bhagavadājñārūpaṃ sarvalokaprasiddhaṃ tadupajīvīnita ca smṛtipurāṇetihāsādīni santi tatkathaṃ pravṛttinivṛttitatpramāṇādyajñānaṃ, jñāne vā'nollaṅghināṃ śāsitari bhagavati sati kathaṃ tadananuṣṭhānena śaucācārādirahitatvaṃ duṣṭānāṃ śāsiturbhagavato'pi lokavedaprasiddhatvādata āha—satyamabādhitatātparyaviṣayaṃ tattvāvedakaṃ vedākhyaṃ pramāṇaṃ tadupajīvi purāṇādi ca nāsti yatra tadasatyam | vedarūpasya pratyakṣasiddhatve'pi tatprāmāṇyānabhyupagamādviśiṣyabhāvaḥ | ataeva nāsti dharmādharmarūpā pratiṣṭhā vyavasthāheturyasya tadapratiṣṭham | tathā nāsti śubhāśubhayoḥ karmaṇoḥ phaladāteśvaro niyantā yasya tadanīśvaraṃ te āsurā jagadāhuḥ | balavatpāpapratibandhādvedasya prāmāṇyaṃ te na manyante | tataśca tadbodhitayordharmādharmayorīśvarasya cānaṅgīkārādyatheṣṭācaraṇena te puruṣārthabhraṣṭā ityarthaḥ | śāstraikasamadhigamyadharmādharmasahāyane prakṛtyadhiṣṭhātrā parameśvareṇa rahitaṃ jagadiṣyate cetkāraṇābhāvātkathaṃ tadutpattirityāśaṅkayāha— aparasparasaṃbhūtaṃ kāmaprayuktayoḥ strīpuṃsayoranyonyasaṃyogātsaṃbhūtaṃ jagatkāmahaitukaṃ kāmahetukameva kāmahaitukaṃ kāmātiriktakāraṇaśūnyam | nanu dharmādyapyasti kāraṇaṃ netyāha—anyadadṛṣṭaṃ kāraṇaṃ kimasti nāstyevetyarthaḥ | adṛṣṭāṅgīkāre'pi kvacidbalā svabhāve

17.8

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | ślokairvivṛṇoti—pravṛttiṃ pravṛttiviṣayaṃ dharmaṃ cakārāttatpratipādakaṃ vidhivākyaṃ ca evaṃ nivṛttiviṣayamadharmaṃ cakārāttatpratipādakaṃ niṣedhavākyaṃ ca āsurasvabhāvā janā na jānanti | atasteṣu na dvividhaṃ śaucaṃ nāpyācāro manvādibhiruktaḥ | na satyaṃ ca priyahitayathārthabhāṣaṇa vidyate | śaucasatyayorācārāntarbhāve'pi brāhmaṇaparivrājakanyāyena pṛthagupādānam | aśaucā anācārā anṛtavādino hyāsurrā māyāvinaḥ prasiddhāḥ |
iyaṃ dṛṣṭiḥ śāstrīyadṛṣṭividviṣṭevetyāśaṅkyāha—etāṃ prāguktāṃ lokāyatikadṛṣṭimavaṣṭabhyālambya naṣṭātmāno bhraṣṭaparalokasādhanāḥ alpabuddhayo dṛṣṭamātroddeśapravṛttamatayaḥ ugrakarmāṇo hiṃsrā ahitāḥ śatravo jagataḥ prāṇijātasya kṣayāya vyāghrasarpādirūpeṇa prabhavantyutpadyante | tasmādiyaṃ dṛṣṭiratyantadoṣodahitehetutayā sarvātmanā śreyorthibhirheyetyarthaḥ |

17.9

te ca yadā kenacitkarmaṇā manuṣyayonimāpadyante tadāha—kāmaṃ tattaddṛṣṭaviṣayābhilāṣaṃ duḥpūraṃ pūrayitumaśakyaṃ dammenādhārmikatve'pi dhārmikatvakhyāpanena mānenāpūjyatve'pi pūjyatvakhyāpanena, madenotkarpaharahitetve'pyutkarṣaviśeṣādhyāropeṇa mahadvadhī-

17.10

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | paryavasānātsvābhāvikameva jagadvaicitryamastu dṛṣṭe saṃbhavatyadṛṣṭakalpanānavakāśāt | ataḥ kāma eva prāṇināṃ kāraṇaṃ nānyadadṛṣṭeśvarādītyāhuriti lokāyatikadṛṣṭiriyam |
tāneva punarviśinaṣṭi-cintāmātmīyayogakṣemopāyālocanātmikāmaparimeyamaparimayaviṣayatvātparimātumaśakyāṃ pralayo maraṇamevānto yasyāstāṃ pralayāntām | yāvajjīvamanuvartamānāmiti yāvat | na kevalamaśucivratāḥ pravartante kiṃnvetādṛśīṃ cintāṃ copāśritā iti samuccaẏārthakaścakāraḥ | sadānantacintāparā api na kadācitpāralaukikacintāyuktāḥ kiṃtu kāmopabhogaparamāḥ kāmyanta iti kāmā dṛṣṭāḥ śabdādayo viṣayāstadupabhoga eva paramaḥ puruṣārtho na dharmādiryeṣāṃ te tathā | pāralaukikamuttamaṃ sukhaṃ kuto na kāmayante tatrāha-etāvadudṛṣṭameva sukhaṃ nānyadetaccharīraviyoge bhogyaṃ sukhamastyetatkāyātiriktasya bhokturabhāvāditi niścitā evaṃ niścayavantaḥ | tathāca bārhaspatyaṃ sūtraṃ 'caitanyaviśiṣṭaḥ kāmaḥ puruṣaḥ, kāma evaikaḥ puruṣārthaḥ' iti ca |

17.11

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | raṇāhetunānvitā asadgrāhānaśubhaniścayānanena mantreṇemāṃ devatāmārādhya kāminīnāmākarṣaṇaṃ kariṣyāmo'nena mantreṇemāṃ devatāmārādhya mahānidhīnsādhayiṣyāma ityādidurāgraharūpān mohādavivekādgṛhītvā natu śāstrāt | aśucivratāḥ aśucīni śmaśānādideśocchiṣṭādyavasthānāśaucasāpekṣāṇi vāmāgamadyupadiṣṭāni vratāni yeṣāṃ te'śucivratāḥ pravartante yatra kutrāpyavaidike dṛṣṭaphale | kṣudradevatāsādhanādāviti śeṣaḥ | etādṛśāḥ patanti narake'śucāvityagrimeṇānvayaḥ |
ta īdṛśā asurāḥ-aśakyopāyārtha-

17.12

teṣāmīdṛśīṃ dhanatṛṣṇānuvṛttiṃ manorathakathanena vivṛṇoti-idaṃ dhanamadya idānīmanenopāyena mayā labdhamidaṃ tadanyat manorathaṃ manastuṣṭikaraṃ śīghrameva prāpsye, idaṃ puraiva saṃcitaṃ mama gṛhe'sti idamapi bahutaraṃ bhaviṣyatyāgāmini saṃvatsare punardhanam | evaṃ dhanatṛṣṇākulāḥ patanti narake'śucāvityagrimeṇānvayaḥ |

17.13

evaṃ lobhaṃ prapañcya tadabhiprāyakathanenaiva teṣāṃ krodhaṃ prapañcayatiasau devadattanāmā mayā hataḥ śatruratidurjayaḥ ata idānīmanāyāsena haniṣye ca haniṣyāmyaparānsarvānapi śatrūn | na ko'pi matsakāśājjīviṣyatītyaperarthaḥ | cakārātra kevalaṃ haniṣyāmi tān kiṃtu teṣāṃ dāradhanādikamapi grahīṣyāmītyabhiprāyaḥ | kutastavaitādṛśaṃ sāmarthyaṃ lattulyānāṃ ladadhikānāṃ vā śatrūṇāṃ saṃbhavādityata āha- īśvaro'haṃ na kevalaṃ mānuṣo yena mattulyo'dhiko vā

17.14

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | viṣayā anavagatopāyārthaviṣayā vā prārthanā āśāstā eva pāśā iva bandhanahetutvātpāśāsteṣāṃ śataiḥ samūhairbaddhā iva śreyasaḥ pracyāvyetastata ākṛṣya nīyamānāḥ kāmakrodhau paramayanamāśrayo yeṣāṃ te kāmakrodhaparāyaṇāḥ | strīvyatikarābhilāṣaparāniṣṭābhilāṣābhyāṃ sadā parigṛhītā iti yāvat | īhante kartuṃ ceṣṭante kāmabhogārthaṃ natu dharmārthamanyāyena parasvaharaṇādinārthasaṃcayāndhanarāśīn | saṃcayāniti bahuvacanena dhanaprāptāvapi tattṛṣṇānuvṛtterviṣayaprāptivardhamānatṛṣṇālakṣaṇo lobho darśitaḥ |
nanu dhanena kulena vā kaścittvattulyaḥ syādityata āha-āḍhyo dhanī abhijanavān kulīno'pyahamevāsmi ataḥ ko'nyo'sti sadṛśo mayā na kopītyarthaḥ | yāgena dānena vā kaścittulyaḥ syādityata āha-yakṣye yāgenāpyanyānabhibhaviṣyāmi, dāsyāmi dhanaṃ stāvakebhyo naṭādibhyaśca | tataśca modiṣye modaṃ harṣa lapsye nartakyādibhiḥ sahaityevamajñānenāvivekena vimohitā vividhaṃ mohaṃ bhramaparaṃparāṃ prāpitāḥ |

17.15

-uktaprakārairanekaiścittaistattadiṣṭasaṃkalpairvividhaṃ bhrāntāḥ yato mohajālasamāvṛtāḥ moho hitāhitavastuvivekāsāmarthyaṃ tadeva jālamā-

17.16

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | kaścitsyāt kimete kariṣyanti varākāḥ sarvathā nāsti matstulyaḥ kaścidityanenābhiprāyeṇeśvaratvaṃ vivṛṇoti—yasmādahaṃ bhogī sarvairbhoṃgopakaraṇairupetaḥ, siddho'haṃ putrapramṛttyādibhiḥ sahāyaiḥ saṃpannaḥ, khato'pi balavānrojasvī, sukhī sarvathā nirogaḥ |
nanu teṣāmapi keṣāṃcidvaidike karmaṇi yāgadānādau pravṛttidarśanādayuktaṃ narake patanamiti netyāha- sarvaguṇaviśiṣṭā vayamityātmanaiva saṃbhāvitāḥ pūjyatāṃ prāpitāḥ natu sādhubhiḥ kaiścit | stabdhā anamrāḥ | yato dhanamānamadānvitāḥ dhananimitto yo māna ātmani pūjyatvātiśayādhyāsastannimittaśca yo madaḥ parasminnurvādāvapyapūjyatvābhimānastābhyāmanvitāste nāmayajñairnāmamātrairyajñairna tāttvikairdīkṣitāḥ somayājītyādināmamātrasaṃpādakairvā yajñairavidhipūrvakaṃ vihitāṅgetikartavyatārahitairdambhena dharmadhvajitayā natu śraddhayā yajante atastatphalabhājo na bhavantītyarthaḥ |

17.17

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | varaṇātmakatvena bandhahetutvāttena samyagāvṛtāḥ sarvato veṣṭitāḥ | matsyā iva sūtramayena jālena paravaśīkṛtā ityarthaḥ | ataeva tvāniṣṭhasādhaneṣvapi kāmabhogeṣu prasaktāḥ sarvathā tadekaparāḥ pratikṣaṇamupacīyamānakalmaṣāḥ patanti narake vaitaraṇyādau aśucau viṇmūtraśleṣmādipūrṇe |
yakṣye dāsyāmītyādisaṃkalpena dambhāhaṃkārādipradhānena pravṛttānāmāsurāṇāṃ bahiraṅgasādhanamapi yāgadānādikaṃ karma na siddhyantaraṅgasādhanaṃ tu

17.18

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | jñānavairāgyabhagavadbhajanādi teṣāṃ dūrāpāstamevetyāha—ahamabhimānarūpo yo'haṃkāraḥ sa sarvasādhāraṇaḥ etairāropitairguṇairātmano mahattvābhimānamahaṃkāraṃ tathā balaṃ paraparibhavaniimittaṃ śarīragatasāmarthyaviśeṣaṃ darpaṃ parāvadhīraṇārūpaṃ gurunṛpādyatikramakāraṇaṃ cittadoṣaviśeṣaṃ kāmamiṣṭaviṣayābhilāṣaṃ krodhamaniṣṭaviṣayadveṣaṃ, cakārātparaguṇāsahiṣṇutvarūpaṃ mātsarya evamanyāṃśca mahato doṣān saṃśritāḥ | etādṛśā api patitāstva svabhāvataḥ santo narake na patiṣyantīti cennetyāha | māmīśvaraṃ bhagavantamātmaparadeheṣvātmanāṃ teṣāmāsurāṇāṃ pareṣāṃ ca tatputrabhāryādīnāṃ deheṣu premāspadeṣu tattadbuddhikarmasākṣitayā santamatipremāspadamapi durdaivaparapākātpradviṣantaḥ īśvarasya mama śāsanaṃ śrutismṛtirūpaṃ taduktārthānuṣṭhānaparāṅmukhatayā tadativartanaṃ me pradveṣastaṃ kurvanto nṛpājñāśālaṅghanameva hi tatpradveṣa iti prasiddhaṃ loke | nanu gurvādayaḥ kathaṃ tānnānuśāsati tatrāha—abhyasūyakāḥ gurvādīnāṃ vaidikamārgasthānāṃ kāruṇyādiguṇeṣu pratāraṇādidoṣāropakāḥ | ataste sarvasādhanaśūnyā naraka eva patantītyarthaḥ | māmātmaparadeheṣvityasyāparā vyākhyā | svadeheṣu paradeheṣu ca cidaṃśena sthitaṃ māṃ pradviṣanto yajante | dambhayajñeṣu śraddhayā abhāvāddīkṣādinātmano vṛthaiva pīḍā bhavati | tathā paśvādīnāmapyavidhinā hiṃsayā caitanyadrohemātramavaśiṣyata iti | aparā vyākhyā | ātmadehe | jīvānāviṣṭe bhagavallīlāvigrahe vāsudevādimasākhye manuṣyatvādibhramānmāṃ pradviṣantastathā paradeheṣu bhaktadeheṣu prahlādādisamākhyepu sarvadāvirbhūtaṃ māṃ pradviṣanta iti yojanā | uktaṃhi navame ‘avajānanti māṃ mūḍhā mānuṣīṃ tanumāśritam | paraṃ bhāvamajānanto mama bhūtamaheśvaram || moghāśā moghakarmāṇo moghajñānā vicetasaḥ | rākṣasīmāsurīṃ caiva prakṛtiṃ mohinīṃ śritāḥ’ iti ‘avyaktaṃ vyaktimāpannaṃ manyante māmabuddhayaḥ’ iti cānyatra | tathāca bhajanīyadveṣānna bhaktyā pūtatā teṣāṃ saṃbhavatītyarthaḥ |
teṣāṃ

17.19

nanu teṣāmapi krameṇa bahūnāṃ janmanāmante śreyo bhaviṣyati netyāha-ye kadācidāsuroṃ yonimāpannāste janmani

17.20

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | tkṛpathā kadācinnistāraḥ syāditi netyāha— tānsanmārgapratipakṣabhūtān dviṣataḥ sādhūn māṃ ca krūrān hiṃsāparānato narādhamānatininditānajasraṃ santatamaśubhānaśubhakarmakāriṇaḥ ahaṃ sarvakarmaphaladāteśvaraḥ saṃsāreṣveva narakasaṃsaraṇamārgeṣu kṣipāmi pātayāmi | narakagatāścāsurīṣvevātikrūrāsu vyāghrasarpādiyoniṣu tattatkarmavāsanānusāreṇa kṣipāmītyanuṣajyate | etādṛśeṣu drohiṣu nāsti mameśvarasya na kṛpetyarthaḥ | tathāca śrutiḥ 'atha ( ya iha ) kapūyacaraṇā abhyāśo ha yatte kapūyāṃ yonimāpadyeran śvayoniṃ vā śūkarayoniṃ vā caṇḍālayoniṃ veti' | kapūyacaraṇāḥ kutsitakarmāṇaḥ abhyāśo ha śīghrameva kapūyāṃ kutsitāṃ yonimāpadyanta iti śruterarthaḥ | ata eva pūrvapūrvakarmānusāritvāceśvarasya vaiṣamyaṃ nairghṛṇyaṃ vā | tathāca pāramarṣaṃ sūtraṃ 'vaiṣamyanairghṛṇye na sāpekṣatvāttathā hi darśayati' iti | evaṃ ca pāpakarmaṇyeva teṣāṃ kārayati bhagavān teṣu tadbījasattvātkāruṇiko'pi tāni na śātayati tannāśakapuṇyopacayābhāvāt, puṇyopacayaṃ na kārayati teṣāmayogyatvāt | na hīśvaraḥ pāṣāṇeṣu yavāṅkurānurotīśvaratvādayogyasyāpi yogyatāṃ saṃpādayituṃ śaknotīti cet śaknotyeva satyasaṃkalpatvāt | yadi saṃkalpayet natu saṃkalpayati ājñālaṅghiṣu khabhaktadrohiṣu durātmasvaprasannatvāt | ata eva śrūyate 'eṣa u hyeva sādhukarma kārayati taṃ yamunninīṣata eṣa u evāsādhukarma kārayati taṃ yamadho ninīṣate' iti | yeṣu prasādakāraṇamastyājñāpālanādi teṣu prasīdati | yeṣu tu tadvaiparītyaṃ teṣu na prasīdati sati kāraṇe kāryaṃ kāraṇābhāve kāryābhāva iti kimatra vaiṣamyaṃ 'parāju tacchruteḥ' iti nyāyācca antato gatvā kiṃcidvaiṣamyāpādane māhnāmāyalāddoṣaḥ |
nanvāsurī saṃpadanantabhedavatī kathaṃ puruṣāyu ṣeṇāpi parihartuṃ śakyetetyāśaṅkaya tāṃ saṃkṣipyāha- idaṃ trividhaṃ triprakāraṃ narakasya prāptau dvāraṃ sādhanaṃ sarvasyā āsuryoḥ saṃpado mūlabhūtamātmano nāśanaṃ sarvapuruṣārthāyogyatāsaṃpādanenātyantādhamayoniprāpakaṃ | kiṃ tadityata āha | kāmakrodhastathā lobha iti prānvyākhyātam | yasmādetattrayameva sarvānarthamūlaṃ tasmādetattrayaṃ tyajet | etatrayatyāgenaiva sarvāpyāsurīsaṃpattyaktā bhavati | etatrayatyāgaśca utpannasya vivekena kāryapratibandhastataḥ paraṃ cānutpattiriti draṣṭavyam |

17.21

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | janmani pratijanma mūḍhāstamobahulatvenāvivekinastatastasmādapi yāntyadhamāṃ gatiṃ nikṛṣṭatamāṃ gatim | māmaprāpyaiti na matprāptau kācidāśaṅkāpyastyato madupadiṣṭaṃ vedamārgamaprāpyetyarthaḥ | evakārastiryaksthāvarādiṣu vedamārgaprāptyasvarūpāyogyatāṃ darśa yati | tenātyantatamobahulatvena vedamārgaprāptisvarūpāyogyā bhūtvā pūrvapūrvatikṛṣṭayonito nikṛṣṭatamāmadhamāṃ yonimuttarottaraṃ gacchantītyarthaḥ | he kaunteyeti nijasaṃbandhakathanena tvamito nistīrṇa iti sūcayati | yasmādekadāsurīṃ yonimāpannānāmuttarottaraṃ nikṛṣṭataranikṛṣṭatamayonilābho na tu tatpratīkārasāmarthyamatyantatamobahulatvāt, tasmādyāvanmanuṣyadehalābho'sti tāvanmahatāpi prayatnenāsuryāḥ saṃpadaḥ paramakaṣṭatāmayāḥ parihārāya yatanīyaṃ yathāśakti daivī saṃpadanuṣṭheyā śreyorthibhiḥ | anyathā tiryagādideha prāptau sādhanānuṣṭhānāyogyatvānna kadāpi nistāro'stīti mahatsaṃkaṭamāpadyeteti samudāyārthaḥ | taduktaṃ 'ihaiva narakavyādheścikitsāṃ na karoti yaḥ | gatvā nirauṣadhaṃ sthānaṃ sarujaḥ kiṃ kariṣyati' iti |
etattrayaṃ tyajataḥ kiṃ syāditi

17.22

yasmādaśreyonācaraṇasya śreyācaraṇasya ca śāstrameva nimittaṃ tayoḥ śāstraikagamyatvāttasmāt - śiṣyate'nuśiṣyate'pūrvo'rtho bodhyate'neneti śāstraṃ vedastadupajīvītihāsapurāṇādi ca, tatsaṃbandhī vidhiliṅādiśabdaḥ kuryānna kuryādityevaṃ pravartanānivartanātmakaḥ kartavyākartavyajñānaheturvidhiniṣedhākhyastaṃ śāstravidhiṃ vidhiniṣedhātiriktamāpa brahmapratipādakaṃ śāstramastīti sūcayituṃ vidhiśabdaḥ | utsṛjyāśraddhayā parityajya kāmakārataḥ svecchāmātreṇa vartate vihitamapi nācarāti niṣiddhamapyācarati yaḥ sa

17.23

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | tannāha-etaiḥ kāmakrodhalobhaistribhistamodvārairnararasādhanairvimukto virahitaḥ puruṣa ācaratyātmanaḥ śreyo yadiṣṭaṃ vedabodhitaṃ he kaunteya, pūrvaṃ hi kāmādipratibaddhaḥ śreyo nācarāti yena puruṣārthaḥ sidhyet aśreyaścācarati yena nirayapātaḥ syāt, adhunā tatpratibandharāhataḥ sannaśreyo nācarāti śreyāścācarati tata aihikaṃ sukhamanubhūya samyagdhīdvārā yāti parāṃ gatiṃ mokṣam |
yasmādevaṃ—yasmācchāstravimukhatayā kāmādhīnapravṛtteraihikapāratrikasarvapuruṣārthāyogyā tasmātte tava śreyo'rthinaḥ kāryākāryavyavasthitau ki kārya kimakāryamiti viṣaye śāstraṃ vedatadupajīvismṛtipurāṇādikameva bodhakaṃ pramāṇaṃ nānyat svotprekṣābuddhavākyādītyabhiprāyaḥ | evaṃceha karmādhikārabhūmau śāstravidhānena kuryānna kuryādityevaṃ pravarttanānivartanārūpeṇa vaidikaliṅādipadenoktaṃ karma vihitaṃ pratiṣiddhaṃ ca jñātvā niṣiddhaṃ varjayan vihitaṃ kṣatriyasya yuddhādikarma tvaṃ kartumarhasi sattvaśuddhiparyantamityarthaḥ |

17.24

4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | saṃsiddhiṃ puruṣārthaprāptiyogyatāmantaḥkaraṇaśuddhiṃ karmāṇi kurvannapi nāpnoti, na sukhamaihikaṃ, nāpi parāṃ prakṛṣṭāṃ gati svargaṃ mokṣaṃ vā |
4 madhusūdanīvyākhyā | tadevamasminnadhyāye sarvasyā āsuryāḥ saṃpado mūlabhūtānsarvaśreyaḥprāpakāntsarvaśreyaḥpratibandhakānmahādoṣānkāmakrodhalobhānapahāya śreyorthinā śraddadhānatayā śāstrapravaṇena tadupadiṣṭārthānuṣṭhānapareṇa bhavitavyamiti saṃpadvayavibhāgapradarśanamukhena nirdhāritam |
iti śrīmatparamahaṃsaparivrājakācāryaśrīviśveśvarasarasvatīpādaśiṣyamadhusūdanasarasvatīviracitāyāṃ śrībhagavadgītāgūḍhārthadīpikāyāṃ daivāsurasaṃpadvibhāgayogo nāma ṣoḍaśo'dhyāyaḥ |

Linked texts (1)

Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit