Bhagavadgita 4.12
Tātparyabodhinī 4.12
- Language
- Sanskrit
4.12.1
natvevāhasamiti | ahaṃ tatpadārthaḥ paramātmā sarvajñaḥ sarvaśaktiḥsarvatantrasvatantraḥ parameśvaraḥ | jātu kadācinnāsamiti na, kiṃtu sarvadā āsameva | madasambhave jagatsṛṣṭyādyasaṃbhavāt | tathāhi 'janmādyasya yataḥ', 'yato vā imāni bhūtāni jāyante', 'yato jātāni bhuvanāni viśvā', 'sa aikṣata lokānnu sṛjā iti', 'sa imām̐llokānasṛjata' ityādiśrutibhirmatta eva jagadutpattiḥ śrāvyate, matta eva jagataḥ sthitiśca | 'yena jātāni jīvanti' 'vyaktāvyaktaṃ bharate viśvamīśaḥ', 'sa dādhāra pṛthivīṃ dyāmutemāṃ', 'bhīṣāsmādvātaḥ pavate', 'itareṇa tu jīvanti yasminnetāvupāśritau | tasmiṃllokāḥ śritāḥ sarve' ityādiśrutibhiḥ pratipādyate | 'yatprayantyabhisaṃviśanti', 'tathākṣarādvividhāḥ somya bhāvāḥ prajāyante tatra caivāpiyanti', 'yasminkṣetre saṃharatyeṣa devaḥ' ityādiśrutibhirmatta eva jagallayo'pi śrāvyate | yato madekakartṛkatvaṃ jagatsṛṣṭyādikriyāyāstato jagadutpattisthitilayādiṣvāgacchatsu satsu tadadhiṣṭhātṛtayā sadāhamāsameveti niruktaśrutibalāttriṣvapi kāleṣu matsadbhāvo niścetavya ityarthaḥ | etena meghataḍāgamasthityādīnāmādhāratayā sthitasyākāśasyeva prapañcatadutpattyādīnāmadhiṣṭhānatayā sthitasya tatpadārthasya svasvarūpato niṣkalatvena niṣkriyatvena ca prapañcataddharmatatkarmaleśasaṃbandharahitatvaṃ tadbhinnatvaṃ nityatvaṃ ca sūcitaṃ bhavati | nanu parameśvarasya svatantrasya kālatraye'pi tava sadbhāvo'stu, mama kathaṃ martyasya nityatvaṃ sidhyatītyata āha—na tvamiti | tvaṃ tvaṃpadalakṣyārthaśca jātu kadācinnāsīriti na, kiṃtvāsīreva |
4.12.2
atītānāgatadehotpattyādiṣu jāgradādiṣviva tvamasyeva | yathā jāgrati tiṣṭhata eva tava svapnasaṃbandhaḥ svapne tiṣṭhata eva suṣuptisaṃbandhaḥ, suṣuptau tiṣṭhata eva jāgratsaṃbandhastathā gatadehe tiṣṭhata evaitaddehasaṃbandha etaddehe tiṣṭhata eva bhāvidehasaṃbandho'ṅgīkartavyastvanyathā sukhaduḥkhādivaicitryāsaṃbhavātkarmavaicitryādeva tava sukhādivaicitryaṃ, tattastādṛgvidhakarmakartṛstavāstyeva dehāntareṣu sadbhāvastvanyathākṛtahānā'kṛtābhyāgamaprasaṅgāt | 'janmāntarakṛtaṃ karma bhuñjate jantavo'dhunā' iti, 'yatkarma kurute tadabhisaṃpadyate' ityādiśrutismṛtivirodhaprasaṅgācca pūrvakṛtasyādhunā adhunā kṛtasya karmaṇaḥ phalaṃ bhāvijanmansanubhunyeta | tathaiva śrūyate 'prāpyāntaṃ karmaṇastasya yatkiṃceha karotyayam | tasmāllokātpuneretyasmai lokāya karmaṇe ||' iti yatastato jāgradādyavasthāsviva gatadeheṣu bhāvideheṣvapi idānīmiva tava triṣvapi kāleṣu sadbhāvo'styevetyarthaḥ | etena tvaṃpadārthasyātmano dehendriyādibhyo bhinnatvaṃ nityatvaṃ ca sūcitaṃ bhavati | ime janādhipāśca nāsanniti na, kiṃtu tvaṃpadārthatvāviśeṣāttriṣu kāleṣvāsanneva | yathāhaṃ tathaivaite'pi nityasiddhasattvabhāvā ityarthaḥ | janādhipā ityavidyāvṛttibhedena bahuvacanaṃ natvātmabhedena | tadbhede pramāṇābhāvāt | nanvātmabhede pramāṇābhāva iti yaduktaṃ tadatisāhasaṃ, ātmatattve vicāryamāṇe tvātmaikatvaṃ na ghaṭate | pratyakṣādipramāṇavirodhāt | tathāhi |
4.12.3
yatra yatra ahaṃpratyayabhedastatratatrātmabheda iti pratidehamahaṃpratyayabhedasya pratyakṣeṇopalabhyamānatvādekatve tu tvamahamayamityādivyavahāralopaprasaṅgāttatta ātmabhede pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇam | ātmabhedābhāve vyavahāro na sidhyatīti vyavahārasiddheranyathānupapattyārthāpattiśca pramāṇam | ātmā prativyakti bhinno bhavati vyaktīnāṃ bhinnatvādvadvādivat, ātmā bhinna eva bhavati prativyattyahaṃpratyayabhedāt vyaktipratyayabhedāt ghaṭādivadityādyanumānaṃ ca pramāṇam | 'aditirdevā gandharvā manuṣyāḥ pitaro'surāḥ' iti devādabhedapratipādakaśrutiśca pramāṇam | 'devadānavagandharvā yakṣarākṣasakinnarāḥ' ityādipurāṇavacanaṃ ca pramāṇam | yadyātmaikatvamevābhyupagamyate tarhi tatra sukhaduḥkhādivyavasthā ca na siddhyet | ekasmin duḥkhini sukhini ca sarve'pi duḥkhinaḥ sukhinaśca syuḥ | devādisarvadeheṣvātmaikatve sarve sarvajñāśca bhaveyuḥ | tena vidhiniṣedhaśāstrāṇāmānarthakyaṃ ca syāt | ekasmin baddhe bandho mukte mokṣaśca sarveṣāṃ prasajyeta | tasmāt pramāṇasiddhamātmānekatvaṃ tvayāpyaṅgīkartavyamiti cenna | vyāptivyabhicārāt pratyakṣāsiddheḥ | yatra yatrāhaṃpratyayabhedastatra tatrātmabheda iti vyāptirvyabhicarati | śiśuḥ kumāro yuvā vṛddho'hamiti śaiśavādidaśābhedenāhaṃpratyayo bhidyate tattadavasthānāṃ bhedāt | nahi kaumāre śiśurahamiti pratyayo'sti tadutpādakaśaiśavābhāvāt, evaṃ yuvatve vṛddhatve ca ahaṃpratyayo bhidyate | tathāpi śaiśavādyavasthāvato'haṃpratyayārthasyātmano bhedādarśanānna pratyakṣaṃ pramāṇam |
4.12.4
nanu 'viśeṣaṇabhedādviśiṣṭasyāpi bhedaḥ' iti nyāyenāvasthābhedādavasthāvato'pi bhedaḥ syāditi cettasya śiśutvādyabhimāninyahaṃkāra eva caritārthatvānnityātmaviṣayatvānupapatteḥ | anyathā bālyamārabhya dehendriyakṛtakāryasmaraṇāsaṃbhavāt | smaryate ca mayā bālye kṛtaṃ kandukakhelanamiti | nātmānekatve etatsmaraṇaṃ ghaṭate anyakṛte karmaṇyanyasya smṛtyadarśanāt | yato bālyamārabhya vṛddhatvādasānakaṃ kṛtaṃ kāryaṃ smaryate, tataḥ pratyayabhedena pratyayārthasya bheda iti pratyakṣamasiddham | vyaktibhedādātmano'pi bheda ityanumānaṃ ca na sidhyati | sthūlasūkṣmakāraṇadehānāṃ jāgratsvapnadehayośca bhede satyapi ahaṃpratyayārthasyātmano bhedābhāvānnānumānasiddhiḥ | śrutistvaditirdevā gandharvā ityātmopādhibhedānvadati natvātmabhedaṃ, sarvatra caitanyasyaikarūpatvānnātmabhedopapattistato devagandharvamanuṣyādidehāḥ sarve jāgrattvamādidehavadātmano bhogāyatana store ānyeva natvātmabhedadyotakāḥ | yathā sthūlādideheraikasyaivātmano bhogo bhidyate tathaiva devādideherapyato devādidehā bhogāyatana store ānyeva bhavanti | yatasteṣu rūpatejaḥsvabhāvādīnāmeva bhedo dṛśyate natu cetanasya | tata evātmaviṣayako'hamasmītyahaṃpratyayaḥ sadaikarūpo bhavati | tena vyaktibhedapratipādanaparaiva śrutirnatvātmabhedapratipādanapareti siddham |
4.12.5
tathaiva purāṇavacanaṃ ca 'yathaikasminneva dehe'vayavabhedamupāśritya śiraḥ karaḥ pāda ityādi vyavahārastathātmaikatve'pi vyaktibhedamupāśritya tvamahamayamityādivyavahāraḥ sidhyati nātmabhedastvapekṣyate, evaṃ vyavahārasiddhāvanyathānupapattyasaṃbhāvnārthāpattiśca pramāṇam | yattvasatyātmabhede sukhaduḥkhādivyavasthā na sidhyatīti | tanna | tasyāḥ karmaikanibandhanatvādekasminneva dehe karmabhedena sukhaduḥkhādivaicitryadarśanātsukhaduḥkhayopuṇyapāpakāryatvena tadbhedādbhoktṛbhedācca sukhaduḥkhādivyavasthopapatteḥ ‘yatkarma kurute tadabhisaṃpadyate' iti, 'yathākārī yathācārī tathā bhavati' iti śruvaṇāttato nātmaikatve sukhādisāṃkaryasiddhiḥ | 'nānyo'to'sti vijñātā' iti śravaṇātphalabhoktṛṇāmanekatvācca | satyapyātmaikatve tadābhāsānāmanekatvopapatteḥ | yadyapyātmaiva sadā sarvatra jānāti tathāpi tattaddehe tattadbuddhimupādāya svayaṃ jānāti dehabhedādbuddhibhedasya niyatatvātpratidehaṃ jñānaṃ tu bhidyate | jñāyate vastvaneneti jñānaṃ nāma buddhivṛttiḥ | sā ca paricchinnā cakṣuriva svasaṃpṛktavastumātraprakāśinī | vṛtteḥ paricchinnatvātpadārthaiḥ sarvaiḥ saṃbandho na ghaṭate | yadi sarvapadārthaiḥ saṃbandhaḥ syāttadā sarve sarvajñā bhaveyustadabhāvānna sarveṣāṃ sārvajñaṃ sidhyati | yathā vibhorapi mahākāśasya śabdasaṃbhūtihetoḥ sarvatra bherīpaṇavādibhiḥ saṃyoge satyapi yatra bheryādistāḍyate tatraiva śabdotpattirna tu sarvatra, tathaikasyātmanaḥ paripūrṇasyāpi yatra buddhivṛtterarthasaṃbandhastatraiva jñānodayo nānyatra |
4.12.6
tato buddhivṛttīnāmanekatvādavyāpakatvācca sarveṣāṃ sārvajñaṃ nopapadyata iti siddham | tataḥ kiṃcijjñānprati pravṛttinivṛttihetutvāddhiniṣedhaśāstrāṇāṃ sārthakyamevopapannaṃ bhavati | prāṇināṃ sarvajñatvābhāvasya pratipāditatvāddhedāntaśravaṇajanyajñānena pratyagabhinnaṃ parabrahma svātmanā yo vijānāti tasyaiva muktirnetarasya | tathāca śrutiḥ-'tadyo yo devānāṃ pratyabudhyata sa eva tadabhavattatharṣīṇāṃ tathā manuṣyāṇām' iti | tata ātmaikatve'pi muktirātmajñānādeva sidhyati 'jñānādeva tu kaivalyam' iti niyamaśravaṇāttata ātmaikatvenaivoktadoṣāṇāmavakāśaḥ | ātmanāmanekatvaṃ pūrṇatvaṃ cābhyupagatayatastava pakṣa evāmī doṣāḥ saṃprasajyante | taducyate | ātmanāmanekatve vibhutve cābhyupagate satyanyonyeṣāmanyonyamanobuddhyādibhiḥ saṃyogaḥ saṃbhavati | tenoktarītyā sukhaduḥkhabandhamokṣādīnāṃ sāṃkaryaṃ ca prasajyate | naika eṣa evānarthaḥ | apitu vibhutvādyasiddhiśca | tathāhi | yadyadvastu svetarabhedavattattatparicchinnamityātmanāmanekatve satyanyonyasattābhiranyonyabhedavattvena paricchinnatvātpūrṇatvaṃ na sidhyati, pūrṇatve'ṅgīkriyamāṇe tvanekatvaṃ ca na sidhyati | pūrṇatvānekatvayoḥ parasparavirodhādātmanāṃ pūrṇatvamanekatvaṃ ca brahmaṇāpi nirvoḍhuṃ na śakyate | tato bhavatāpyātmaikatvamevābhyupagantavyam | kiṃca | paricchinnāścidrūpāścāneke cātmāna iti yaḥ pakṣaḥ so'pi na sidhyati | bahuśrutismṛtiyuktivirodhāt |
4.12.7
‘ākāśavatsarvagataśca nityaḥ’, ‘ekastathā sarvabhūtāntarātmā’, ‘eko devaḥ sarvabhūteṣu gūḍhaḥ’, ‘ekaḥ san bahudhā vicacāra’, ‘eka eva hi bhūtātmā’, ‘nirapekṣa eka eva sākṣī ekastenedaṃ pūrṇaṃ puruṣeṇa sarvaṃ’, ‘aśarīraṃ śarīreṣvanavastheṣvavasthitam | mahāntaṃ vibhumātmānam’ ityādiśrutibhiḥ | ‘nityaḥ sarvagataḥ sthāṇuḥ’, ‘nityaḥ sarvagato'pyātmā kūṭastho doṣavarjitaḥ | ekaḥ san bhidyate bhrāntyā māyayā na svarūpataḥ’ ityāditismṛtibhiḥ ātmā sarvaśarīreṣveka eva bhavitumarhati pūrṇatvāddhaṭādiṣvākāśavat | ātmā eka eva bhavati niṣkalatvātsarvaprakāśakatvātsarvasākṣitvātsarvatrāhaṃpratyayārthatvāccetyevamādiyuktibhiścātmanaḥ pūrṇataivāvadhriyate | niruktaśrutismṛtiyuktiprāmāṇyādeka evātmeti siddhāntaḥ | yato'haṃ tvaṃ ceme janādhipāśca pūrvoktarītyā bhūtabhaviṣyadvartamānakāleṣu kvacidapi na bhaviṣyāma iti na, kiṃtu bhaviṣyāma eva | triṣvapi kāleṣu sattāvanta eva smastato'haṃ tvaṃ ceme ca sarve vayaṃ paraṃ brahmaiva | prapañcatadabhimānyādisarvadṛśyakalpanādhiṣṭhānabhūtaṃ niṣkalaṃ niṣkriyaṃ śāntamanantaṃ nityaśuddhabuddhamuktasatyajñānānandādvayaṃ brahmaiva smaḥ | ‘bhoktā bhogyaṃ preritāraṃ ca matvā sarvaṃ proktaṃ trividhaṃ brahmametat’, ‘brahmaivedaṃ sarvam’ iti ca śravaṇāttvāṃ ca māṃ caitāṃśca sarvān paraṃ brahmaiveti jānīhītyarthaḥ |
4.12.8
evaṃ tattvaṃpadārthayoḥ śrutiyuktibhiḥ śodhitayordvayorekatve pratipādite satyapi tvaṃpadārthasyātmano'vidyātatkāryakoṭibhistirohitatvādatisūkṣmatvāt durvijñeyatvācca śroturmumukṣormandaprajñasya yāvadapratibaddhā'parokṣaṃ tāvat ‘āvṛttirasakṛdupadeśāt’ iti nyāyena punaḥ punastvaṃpadārthaśodhanameva samyakkartavyamiti sūcayitumuttaragranthamārabhate | tatra pūrvaṃ tvaṃpadārthasyātmanaḥ kālatraye'pi sadbhāve pratipādite satyapyetaddehanāśānantaraṃ sattā na dṛśyate, kathaṃ tatra sadbhāva iti śaṅkāvantamarjunamā̍lakṣya ātmano dehāntare'pi sattāṃ sadṛṣṭāntaṃ pratyakṣānumānābhyāmavagamayitumāha-
Linked texts (1)
- Bhagavadgītā — Vyāsa, Sanskrit