Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 10.p3
Nyāyabhāṣya (complete text) 10.p3
- Language
- Sanskrit
10.p3.1
nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 1 || vipratipattya'pratipattyorvikalpānnigrahasthānabahutvamiti saṃkṣepeṇoktaṃ tadidānīṃ virbhajanīyam| nigrahasthānāni khalu parājayavastūnya'parādhādhikaraṇāni prāyeṇa pratijñādyavayavāśrayāṇi tattvavādinama'tattvavādinaṃ cābhisaṃplavante, teṣāṃ vibhāgaḥ--- pratijñāhāniḥ pratijñāntaraṃ pratijñāvirodhaḥ pratijñāsaṃnyāso hetvantara- ma'rthāntaraṃ nirarthakama'vijñātārthama'pārthakama'prāptakālaṃ nyūna- ma'dhika punaruktama'nanubhāṣaṇama'jñānama'pratibhā vikṣepo matānujñā paryanuyojyopekṣaṇaṃ niranuyojyānuyogo'pa- siddhānto hetvābhāsāśca nigrahasthānāni || 1 || tānīmāni dvāviśatidhā vibhajya lakṣyante || 1 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 2 || pratidṛṣṭāntadharmābhyanujñā svadṛṣṭānte pratijñāhāniḥ || 2 || sādhyadharmapratyanīkena dharmeṇa pratyavasthite pratidṛṣṭāntadharmaṃ svadṛṣṭānte'bhyanujānan pratijñāṃ jahātīti pratijñāhāniḥ, nidarśanam-- ’aindriyakatvādanityaḥ śabdo ghaṭavat’ itikṛte. apara āha-- ’dṛṣṭamaindriyakatvaṃ sāmānye nitye kasmānna tathā śabdaḥ ?’ iti. ( evam ) pratyavasthite. idamāha-- ’yadyaindriyakaṃ sāmānyaṃ nityam ? kāmaṃ ghaṭo nityostu’ iti, sa khalvayaṃ sādhakasya dṛṣṭāntasya nityatvaṃ prasañjayan nigamanāntameva pakṣaṃ jahāti. pakṣaṃ jahat pratijñā jahātītyucyate-- pratijñāśrayatvāt pakṣasyeti || 2 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 3 || pratijñātārthapratiṣedhe dharmavikalpāttadarthanirdeśaḥ pratijñāntaram || 3 ||
10.p3.2
pratijñātārthaḥ-- ’anityaḥ śabda aindriyakatvād ghaṭavat’ ityukte yo'sya pratiṣedhaḥ= pratidṛṣṭāntena hetuvyabhicāraḥ-- ’sāmānyamaindriyakaṃ nityam’ iti tasmiṃśca pratijñātārthapratiṣedhe dharmavikalpāditi= dṛṣṭāntapratidṛṣṭāntayoḥ sādharmyayoge dharmabhedāt= sāmānyamaindriyakaṃ sarvagatam aindriyakastva'sarvagato ghaṭa iti dharmavikalpāt. tadarthaṃ nirdeśa iti sādhyasiddhyartham| katham ? yathā ghaṭo'sarvagata evaṃ śabdopyasarvagato ghaṭavadevānitya iti, tatra-- ’anityaḥ śabdaḥ’ iti pūrvā pratijñā. ’asarvagataḥ’ iti dvitīyā pratijñā pratijñāntaram| tat kathaṃ nigrahasthānamiti ?, na pratijñāyāḥ sādhanaṃ pratijñāntaraṃ kiṃ tu hetudṛṣṭāntau sādhanaṃ pratijñāyāḥ, tadetada'sādhanopādānama'narthakamiti. ānarthakyānnigrahasthānamiti || 3 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 4 || pratijñāhetvorvirodhaḥ pratijñāvirodhaḥ || 4 || ’guṇavyatiriktaṃ dravyam’ iti pratijñā. ’rūpādito'rthāntarasyānupalabdheḥ’ iti hetuḥ. soyaṃ pratijñāhetvorvirodhaḥ| katham ?, yadi guṇavyatiriktaṃ dravyam ? rūpādibhyo'rthāntarasyānupalabdheḥ ( iti ) nopapadyate, atha rūpādibhyorthāntarasyānupalabdhiḥ ? guṇavyatiriktaṃ dravyamiti, nopapadyate, guṇavyatiriktaṃ ca dravyaṃ rūpādibhyorthāntarasyānupalabdhiriti virudhyate= vyāhanyate= na saṃbhavatīti || 4 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 5 || pakṣapratiṣedhe pratijñātārthāpanayanaṃ pratijñāsaṃnyāsaḥ || 5 || ’anityaḥ śabda aindriyakatvāt’ ityukte paro brūyāt-- ’sāmānyamaindriyakaṃ na cānityamevaṃ śabdopyaindriyako na cānityaḥ’ iti.
10.p3.3
evaṃ pratiṣiddhe pakṣe yadi brūyāt-- ’kaḥ punarāha anityaḥ śabdaḥ (iti) ?’ iti. soyaṃ pratijñātārthanihnavaḥ pratijñāsaṃnyāsa iti || 5 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 6 || aviśeṣokte hetau pratiṣiddhe viśeṣamicchato hetvantaram || 6 || nidarśanam-- ’ekaprakṛtīdaṃ vyaktam’ iti pratijñā. kasmād hetoḥ ? ’ekaprakṛtīnāṃ vikārāṇāṃ parimāṇāt’ ’mṛtpūrvakāṇāṃ śarāvādīnāṃ dṛṣṭaṃ parimāṇaṃ yāvān prakṛtervyūho bhavati tāvān vikāraḥ’ iti. dṛṣṭaṃ ca prativikāraṃ parimāṇam. asti cedaṃ parimāṇaṃ prativyaktam, tadekaprakṛtīnāṃ vikārāṇāṃ parimāṇāt paśyāmo vyaktamidamekaprakṛtīti| asya vyabhicāreṇa pratyavasthānam-- nānāprakṛtīnāmekaprakṛtīnāṃ ca vikārāṇāṃ dṛṣṭaṃ parimāṇamiti| evaṃ pratayavasthite āha-- ekaprakṛtisamanvaye sati śarāvādivikārāṇāṃ parimāṇadarśanāt. sukhaduḥkhamohasamanvitaṃ hīdaṃ vyaktaṃ parimitaṃ gṛhyate. tatra prakṛtyantararūpasamanvayābhāve satyekaprakṛtitvamiti| tadidamaviśeṣokte hetau pratiṣiddhe viśeṣaṃ bruvato hetvantaraṃ bhavati, sati ca hetvantarabhāve pūrvasya hetorasādhakatvānnigahasthānam, hetvantara vacane sati yadi hetvarthanidarśano dṛṣṭānta upādīyate ? nedaṃ vyaktamekaprakṛti bhavati-- prakṛtyantaropādānāt, atha nopādīyate ?. dṛṣṭānte hetvarthasyā'nidarśitasya sādhakabhāvānupapatteḥ ānarthakyād hetoranivṛttaṃ nigrahasthānamiti || 6 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 7 || prakṛtādarthādapratisaṃbaddhārthama'rthāntaram || 7 ||
10.p3.4
yathoktalakṣaṇe pakṣapratipakṣaparigrahe hetutaḥ sādhyasiddhau prakṛtāyāṃ brūyāt-- ’nityaḥ śabdaḥ asparśatvāditi hetuḥ’ heturnāma hinoterdhātostuni pratyaye kṛdantapadam. padaṃ ca-- nāmākhyātopasarganipātāḥ, abhidheyasya kriyāntarayogād viśiṣyamāṇarūpaḥ śabdo nāma, kriyākārakasamudāyaḥ. kārakasaṃkhyāviśiṣṭakriyākālayogābhidhāyi ākhyātam. dhātvarthamātraṃ ca kālābhidhānaviśiṣṭam, prayogeṣvarthādabhidyamānarūpā nipātāḥ, upasṛjyamānāḥ kriyā'vadyotakā upasargāḥ, ityevamādi. tadarthāntaraṃ veditavyam || 7 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 8 || varṇakramanirdeśavad nirarthakam || 8 || yathā ’nityaḥ śabdaḥ kacaṭatapānāṃ jabagaḍadaśatvāt jhabhañghaḍhadhaṣavat’ iti, evaṃprakāraṃ nirarthakam-- abhidhānābhidheyabhāvānupapattau arthagaterabhāvād varṇāḥ krameṇa nirdiśyante iti || 8 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 9 || pariṣatprativādibhyāṃ trirabhihitamapyavijñātama'vijñātārtham || 9 || yad vākyaṃ pariṣadā prativādinā ca trirabhihitamapi na vijñāyate śliṣṭaśabdama'pratītaprayogama'tidrutoccāritamityevamādinā kāraṇena tadavijñātārtham, avijñātārthama'sāmarthyasaṃvaraṇāya prayuktamiti nigrahasthānamiti || 9 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 10 || paurvāparyāyogādapratisaṃbaddhārthama'pārthakam || 10 || yatrā'nekasya padasya vākyasya vā paurvāpayeṇānvayayogo nāsti itya'saṃbaddhārthatvaṃ gṛhyate tatsamudāyārthasyā'pāyādapārthakaṃ yathā-- ’daśa dāḍimāni. ṣaḍapūpāḥ. kuṇḍamajājinam. palalapiṇḍaḥ. adharaurukametat. kumāryāḥ prāyyaṃ tasyāḥ pitā apratiśīnaḥ’ iti || 10 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 11 ||
10.p3.5
avayavaviparyāsavacanama'prāptakālam || 11 || pratijñādīnāmakyavānāṃ yathālakṣaṇamarthavaśāt kramaḥ tatrāvayavaviparyāsena vacanama'prāptakālam asaṃbaddhārthaṃ nigrahasthānamiti || 11 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 12 || hīnamanyatamenāpyavayavena nyūnam || 12 || pratijñādīnāmavayavānāmanyatamevāpyavayavena hīnaṃ nyūnaṃ nigrahasthānam-- sādhanābhāve sādhyāsiddhiriti || 12 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 13 || hetūdāharaṇādhikama'dhikam || 13 || ekena kṛtatvādanyatarasyā''narthakyamiti, tadetanniyamābhyupagame veditavyamiti || 13 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 14 || śabdārthayoḥ punarvacanaṃ punaruktamanyatrānuvādāt || 14 || anyatrānuvādāt śabdapunaruktama'rthapunaruktaṃ vā-- ’nityaḥ śabdaḥ nityaḥ śabdaḥ’ iti śabdapunaruktam. arthapunaruktam-- ’anityaḥ śabdaḥ. nirodhadharmako dhvānaḥ’ iti| anuvāde tva'punaruktam-- śabdābhyāsādarthaviśeṣopapatteḥ yathā-- "hetvapadeśāt pratijñāyāḥ punarvacanaṃ nigamanam 1-1-39" iti || 14 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 15 || arthādāpannasya svaśabdena punarvacanam || 15 || punaruktamiti prakṛtam, nidarśanam-- ’utpattidharmakatvādanityam’ ityaktvā arthādāpannasya yo'bhidhāyakaḥ śabdastena svaśabdena brūyāt-- ’anutpattidharmakaṃ nityam’ iti tacca punaruktaṃ veditavyam-- arthasaṃpratyayārthe śabdaprayoge pratītaḥ so'rtho'rthāpattyeti || 15 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 16 || vijñātasya pariṣadā trirabhihitasyāpya'pratyuccāraṇama'nanubhāṣaṇam || 16 ||
10.p3.6
vijñātasya vākyārthasya pariṣadā prativādinā trirabhihitasya yada'pratyuccāraṇaṃ tada'nanubhāṣaṇaṃ nāma nigrahasthānāmiti, apratyuccārayan kimāśrayaṃ parapakṣapratiṣedhaṃ brūyāt ? || 6 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 17 || avijñātaṃ cā'jñānam || 17 || vijñātārthasya pariṣadā. prativādinā trirabhihitasya yadavijñāna tada'jñānaṃ nigrahasthānamiti, ayaṃ khalvavijñāya kasya pratiṣedhaṃ brūyāditi ? || 7 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 18 || uttarasyāpratipattirapratibhā || 18 || parapakṣapratiṣedhaḥ uttaraṃ tad yadā na pratipadyate ? tadā nigṛhīto bhavati || 18 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 19 || kāryavyāsaṅgāt kathāvicchedo vikṣepaḥ || 19 || yatra kartavyaṃ vyāsajya kathāṃ vyavacchinatti-- ’idaṃ me karaṇīyaṃ vidyate tasminna'vasite paścāt kathayiṣyāmi’ iti (tat) vikṣepo nāma nigrahasthānam| ekanigrahāvasānāyāṃ kathāyāṃ svayameva kathāntaraṃ pratipadyate iti || 19 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 20 || svapakṣe doṣābhyupagamāt parapakṣe doṣaprasaṅgo matānujñā || 20 || yaḥ pareṇa coditaṃ doṣaṃ svapakṣe'bhyupagamya= anuddhṛtya vadati-- ’bhavatpakṣepi samāno doṣaḥ’ iti. sa svapakṣe doṣābhyupagamāt parapakṣe doṣaṃ prasañjayan paramatama'nujānātīti matānujñānāma nigrahasthānamāpadyate iti || 20 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 21 || nigrahasthānaprāptasyā'nigrahaḥ paryanuyojyopekṣaṇam || 21 || paryanuyojyo nāma nigrahopapattyā codanīyaḥ. tasyopekṣaṇam= 'nigrahasthānaṃ prāptosi’ itya'nanuyogaḥ| etacca ’kasya parājayaḥ ?’ ityanuktayā pariṣadā vacanīyam-- na khalu nigrahaṃ prāptaḥ svakaupīnaṃ vivṛṇuyāditi || 21 || nyā. sū.
10.p3.7
|| 5 || 2 || 22 || anigrahasthāne nigrahasthānābhiyogo niranuyojyānuyogaḥ || 22 || nigrahasthānalakṣaṇasya mithyādhyavasāyāda'nigrahasthāne ’nigṛhītosi’ iti paraṃ bruvan niravanugojyā'nuyogād niranugojyā'nuyogād nigṛhīto veditavya iti || 22 || nyā. sū. || 5 || 2 || 23 || siddhāntamabhyupetyā'niyamāt kathāprasaṅgo'pasiddhāntaḥ || 23 || kasyacidarthasya tathābhāvaṃ pratijñāya pratijñātārthaviparyayāt= aniyamāt kathāṃ prasañjayato'pasiddhānto veditavyo yathā-- ’na sadā''tmānaṃ jahāti= na sato vināśaḥ, nā'sadā''tmānaṃ labhate= nā'sadutpadyate’ iti siddhāntamabhyupetya svapakṣaṃ vyavasthāpayati--ekaprakṛtīdaṃ vyaktam-- vikārāṇāmanvayadarśanāt. mṛdanvitānāṃ śarāvādīnāṃ dṛṣṭamekaprakṛtitvaṃ tathā cāyaṃ vyaktabhedaḥ sukhaduḥkhamohasamanvito dṛśyate tasmāt samanvayadarśanāt sukhādibhirekaprakṛtīdaṃ viśvamiti| evamuktavāna'nuyujyate-- atha prakṛtirvikāra iti kathaṃ lakṣitavyam ? iti, yasyāvasthitasya dharmāntaranivṛttau dharmāntaraṃ pravartate sā prakṛtiḥ. yacca dharmāntaraṃ pravartate sa vikāra iti| so'yaṃ pratijñātārthaviparyayāt= aniyamāt kathāṃ prasañjayati= pratijñātaṃ khalvanena-- nā'sadāvirbhavati na sattiro bhavati’ iti| sadasatośca tirobhāvā''virbhāvama'ntareṇa na kasyacit pravṛttiḥ pravṛttyuparamaśca bhavati, mṛdi khalvasthitāyāṃ bhaviṣyati śarāvādilakṣaṇaṃ dharmāntaramiti pravṛttirbhavati. abhūditi ca pravṛttyuparamaḥ. tadetad mṛddharmāṇāmapi na syāt, evaṃ pratyavasthito yadi sataścā''tmahānama'sataścā''tmalābhamabhyupaiti ?
10.p3.8
tadasyā'pasiddhānto nigrahasthānaṃ bhavati, atha nābhyupaiti ? prakṣo'sya na sidhyati || 23 || hetvābhāsāśca yathoktāḥ || 24 || hetvābhāsāśca nigrahasthānāni| kiṃ punarlakṣaṇāntarayogād hetvābhāsā nigrahasthānatvamāpannāḥ yathā pramāṇāni prameyatvam ? ityata āha-- yathoktā iti= hetvābhāsalakṣaṇenaiva nigrahasthānabhāva iti| te ime pramāṇādayaḥ padārthā uddiṣṭā lakṣitāḥ parīkṣitāśceti || 24 || yo'kṣapādamṛṣiṃ nyāyaḥ pratyabhādvadatāṃ varam| tasya vātsyāyana idaṃ bhāṣyajātamavartayat || || iti vidvadvaravātsyāyanaviracite nyāyabhāṣye pañcamo'dhyāyaḥ samāptaḥ || || nyāyadarśanaṃ cedaṃ samāptam ||