Commentary on the Nyāyasūtra 11.34
Nyāyabhāṣya (complete text) 11.34
- Language
- Sanskrit
11.34
nanu yadyaviśiṣṭavidhānenaiva prakṛtasiddhiḥ, kimudāharaṇagrahaṇena? na cet kimaviśiṣṭavidhānenetyata āha---sādharmyādityata iti| parisaṃkhyā atiprasaktinivartanamapākariṣyati| tadudāharaṇapradarśanena parisaṃkhyāyakaṃ hetvābhāsalakṣaṇam| parisaṃkhyā parivarjanabuddhiḥ| viśeṣato jñātānāṃ teṣā svavākye parivarjanādimukhena bhavatvityetadarthamarthalabdhamapi kaṇṭhoktyābhidhīyate| tallakṣaṇamityarthaḥ| na vidhāyakaṃ na sarvathaivālabdhavidhāyakamityarthaḥ| sugamo dignāgabhaṅgaḥ| hetāvudāhartavye pratijñoktiḥ kimarthamityata āha---atreti| udāhṛte hetau lakṣaṇaṃ yojayituṃ hetvarthe ca vivecayitavye prasaṅgāt pratijñārthaṃ vivecayitumiti bhāvaḥ| tathāpi pradhvaṃsasya nānātvāt jātyāderupasaṃgrāhakasya vā bhāvāt kathaṃ vyāptyādisiddhiḥ? upalakṣyābhedamātreṇa ca tatsiddhau kuṇḍalavatā devadattena sādhyo vyavahāro daṇḍavatāpi sādhyetetyata āha---virodhīti| yathā hyabhāvamātrasya bhāvapratiyogitayaivaupādhikasāmānyasaṃbandhādekavyavahārahetutvaṃ tathā tadviśeṣasyāpi pūrvāparetarerāśrayāntarabhāvapratiyogitayā tattadvyavahārāvirodha ityarthaḥ| na caivaṃ labdhotpattinīti| sarvatra hi dhātvarthoparaktā bhāvanā ākhyātārthaḥ| bhāvanā ca kārakavyāpāraḥ| utpadyate ghaṭa ityatra tu ghaṭo na kārakamasattvāt| tataśca akārakasyaiva kārakairatyantasannidhestathopacāro vā kārakāṇāmeva kāryaśabdopacāro vā| ubhayathāpi vyāpārāveśasamaya evākhyātaprayogo na tu dhātvarthamātrāveśasamaye| na hi pakve dhātvarthamātramupādāya pacyata iti prayujyate lokaiḥ| tat kasya hetoḥ? vyāpārāveśābhāvāt| tathehāpīti ||
11.34.p1
||pariśuddhiḥ||
11.34.p2
nanu na sapakṣatābhāvo'tra sūtre śrūyate, nāpyārtho'vadhāraṇasya ca vyāptyā| pakṣe sattvenopapatteraikāntikaṃ sapakṣe sattvaṃ mā prasāṃkṣīt| pākṣikaṃ tu prasaktameva| tathā ca kevalavyatirekilābhe'pi nānvayavyatirekī nirākṛtaḥ|
11.34.p3
evaṃ sapakṣābhāve'pi pakṣavyāpakasya vipakṣaikadeśavṛttestadavasthaiva prasaktirityāha---tathāpīti| udāharaṇenaivetyavadhāraṇasya pakṣavyāptiparasya sapakṣābhāvapradarśanaudāsīnyamāviṣkartumanityo mūrtatvādityudāhṛtam| vastutastu, nedaṃ nirātmakaṃ jīvacchīrīraṃ māṃsādimayatvāt ityasaṃkīrṇamudāharaṇaṃ draṣṭavyam| etaddvayamapi nirākartuā vaidharmyameva codāharaṇeneti pūrvāvadhāraṇena pakṣavyāptau labdhāyāṃ vaidharmyamevetyanena sādharmyarūpatā nirākṛtāvayamarthaḥ syāt| pakṣasya vyāpako dharmastaditaravaidharmyarūpa eveti tathā cebhayorapi kaḥ prasaṃgaḥ? kevalamasādhāraṇaḥ prasajyate| sa ca vipakṣodāharaṇeneti viśeṣayatā sapakṣābhāvapradarśanena nirastaḥ| yadi hi sati sapakṣeanvayo vivakṣitaḥ tadā tathā vaidharmyādityanārabhyameva, pūrvalakṣaṇenaiva gatārthatvāt| vyatirekaśced vivakṣito vipakṣeṇeti vyartham| tasmād vaidharmyāvadhitayā upāttaṃ vipakṣapadaṃ sapakṣābhāvapratipattiphalamevetyarthaḥ||
11.34.p4
nanu tathāpi vaidharmyādityatra tathāśabdārtha udāharaṇeneti| udāharaṇaṃ ca sapakṣo'pi bhavatīti kathaṃ viśeṣalābha ityāśaṅkya vyācaṣṭe---vipakṣeti| vyākhyānato viśeṣapratipattirna hi sandehādalakṣaṇamiti bhāva iti tatra tatroktamityarthaḥ| nanvavadhāritakāryasvabhāvo'rthaḥ kevalavyatirekisādhyo'nyathātiprasaṅgāditi vakṣyati, tathābhūtaścātra prāṇādyapekṣayā prayatnaḥ| tasmiśca sādhye sidvāsādhanaṃ vyatirekyasaṃbhavaśca svaśarīre prāṇasya prayatnapūrvakatvāvadhāraṇena svapakṣānvayasyāpi saṃbhavādityata āha---prāṇādineti| tathāpyasmadāyatte śabdaprayoge kiścityavācakaṃ prayokṣyāmaha ityata āha---prāṇādikāraṇecchādikāraṇarahitamiti| paraśarīre pakṣapraviṣṭe hetusiddhyarthaṃ vipakṣībhūte ca ghaṭādau sādhyarahite hetuvyatirekasiddhyarthaṃ tathoktamityarthaḥ| nanvicchādisamavāyikāraṇavirahaniṣedhena tadvatvaṃ sidhyet| tathā ca punarapi nātmasiddhiḥ| na ca kevalavyatirekī tāvanmātrasyānvayenaiva siddherityata āha---yaśceti| anvayinā hi tatkāraṇamātraṃ siddham, anena tu tadeva pṛthivyādivilakṣaṇaṃ sidhyatīti na niravakāśo vyatirekī| na ca nātmasiddhiḥ tathābhūtasya tasyaivātmaśabdavācyatvādityarthaḥ| gṛhītāvinābhāvo hītyādīnā vyāptyasiddhirdarśitā|
11.34.p5
pakṣadharmatāsiddhirapyanayaiva diśohanīyā| jijñāsitadharmaviśiṣṭasya pakṣatvāt, sandigdhasya ca jijñāsyatvāt viśeṣasmaraṇe ca saṃśayāt, anupalabdhacare ca tadabhāvāditi||
11.34.p6
dvidhā hi prakṛtavyatirekigatiḥ, kāryaṃ kāryavattā ca| tatra kāryamanumānalakṣaṇe darśitam| tad yathā, icchādayo dravyāṣṭakātiriktadravyāśritāḥ, tadanāśritatve sati kāryatvāditi| iha tu kāryavattā darśitā nedaṃ nirātmakaṃ jīvaccharīraṃ necchādisamavāyikāraṇībhūtadravyaviśeṣarahitamityarthaḥ| icchādimattvāt icchadirūpakāryavattvādityarthaḥ| tadetadubhayamatraivāntarbhāvya vyutpādayan prathamatastāvat kāryaṃ pradhānīkṛtyāha---ayamarthaiti| icchādikāryāḥ santastān gamayanti| te'pyanityatayā kāryā iti śeṣaḥ| kiṃ cāta ityāha---akṣaṇikatva iti| hetorviśeṣaṇāsiddhiṃ nirākaroti---śarīrendriyeti| na śarīrendriyamanaḥsvanyatamasminnete samavayanti, mānasaikapratyakṣatvāditi niṣedhe satītyarthaḥ| niścodyaścaiṣa kevalavyātirekī| evaṃ prathamamupapādya tadīyāprasiddhaviśaṣaṇatvasaṃśayānupapattī sādhāraṇanyāyena nirākurvanneva dvitīyamupapādayati---tadasyeti| etacca tatraiva sphuṭīkṛtam| nanu yadi nāma sāmānyata icchādisamavāyikāraṇamātravyāvṛttirghaṭādau pratipannā kimāyātaṃ nairātmyasyetyata āha---nirātmakaśabdenāpīti||
11.34.p7
evamarthagati pariśodhya vārttikaṃ yojayitvā dvatīyaṃ pradhānīkṛtyāha---etaduktaṃ bhavatīti| śaṅkate---na
11.34.p8
ceti| īśvarānumāna iva pakṣadharmatāvalenaiva vivakṣito viśeṣaḥ setsyatītyarthaḥ| nanvanvayinā viśeṣaṃ sādhayatā kevalavyatirekiṇaḥ kiṃ khaṇḍitam, yenāyaṃ tasmin sambhavatyevodāste, khaṇḍane vā, atha tenaiva viparyayasyāpi vaktuṃ sukaratvādityata āha---ṛjumārgeṇeti| vyāptirhi siddhimārgaḥ| tasyāparivarta eva ṛjutvam, parivartastaṃ vakratetyarthaḥ pariharati---kāraṇamātrasyeti| uktamatra yathāsminnarthe pakṣadharmatā na prabhavati| ābhiprāyikohyarthastadgocaraḥ| sa cābhiprāyeṇa vyāpyate, yatsiddhimanyareṇa śabdārthaḥ pratyetuṃ na śakyate| na ca dravyāṣṭakātiriktamapratītya teṣāṃ samavāyikāraṇameva pratyetuṃ na śakyate| na hīcchādīn prati pṛthivyāḥ samavāyikāraṇatve teṣāṃ tadvattā abhidhīyamānā virudhyate| yathā dvyaṇukādikāraṇajñāne teṣāṃ paridṛṣṭasāmarthyakārakaprayoktṛlakṣaṇakartṛpūrvakatvaṃ śabdopāttamityarthaḥ||
11.34.p9
punaḥ śaṅkate---pariśeṣāditi| āśritatvaṃ tāvadeteṣāmanvayina eva siddham| dravyāṣṭakāśritatvaniṣedho'pyanvayina eva sidhyati| tatkimaparamavaśiṣyate yatkevalavyatirekiṇā setsyatītyarthaḥ| uttaram---sa eveti| ayamarthaḥ| pūrvasmād āśritatvaṃ siddhaṃ tadanyasmādapi dravyāṣṭakānāśritatvam| tadatiriktārthāśritatvasiddhistu naikasmādapi| tadabhāve cānayorapi varodha eva| tasmādarthād aṣṭātiriktāśritatvasiddhiḥ sa cārthastāvannānvayaḥ| na hi dravyāṣṭakānāśritatve sati yadāśritam, tadatiriktadravyāśritamityastyanvayaḥ| vakroktikaścānvayī, kevalavyatirekiprapa*ca e vivakṣābhedāt| tasmāt vyatireka evārthaḥ, tadvān pariśeṣo vyatirekīti suṣṭhūktam||
11.34.p10
idānīṃ viśeṣaṇasiddhaye pramāṇaṃ sūcayati---yadi hīti| viparyayeṇa prayogaḥ| śarīrendriyāṇi necchādisamavāyikāraṇāni bhūtatvād ghaṭādivaditi| nanu yatra dravyāṣṭakātiriktadravyāśritā iti pratijñā, tatra yuktametat| yatra tu nedaṃ nirātmakamiti tatra nirātmakaśabdenāpi ayamevārtha ucyata iti vadatā icchādisamavāyikāraṇavirahaniṣedha eva pratijñārthaḥ svīkṛtaḥ| tathā ca kathamaṣṭadravyātiriktecchādisamavāyikāraṇavattā śarīrasya ityāśaṅkāmupasaṃharanneva pariharati---tasmāditi| atrāpi pṛthivyādivilakṣaṇecchādisamavāyikāraṇavat jīvaccharīramiti pratijñārthaḥ| tatsamavetecchādikāryavattvāditi hetvarthaḥ| nanu
11.34.p11
tathāpi---bauddhaṃ prati siddhasādhanaṃ bhavatyeva, so'pi pṛthivyādyatiriktamevecchādīnām upādānamicchatītyata āha---na caiṣāmiti| sthairye satīti śeṣaḥ||
11.34.p12
nanu tathāpi ghaṭādibhyo nirātmakebhya icchādivyatirekaḥ kiṃ tathābhūtadravyavyāvṛttikṛtaḥ? kiṃ vā bhūtānāmeva pariṇatibhedavyāvṛttikṛta iti sandigdhopādhikatvādagamaka evetyata āha---yathā ceti| vyatirekamukheṇāpīti| yadi sādhyenāsya kvacidapyanvayo nāsti, tadā viruddha evāyamityarthaḥ| na svābhāvikamiti| na vayamasyopeyamanvayaṃ vyāsedhāmo'pi tūpāyamityarthaḥ| tathāpi nāsyānvayino bheda upeyabhūtenāpyanvayenānvayitvādityata āha---etāvataiveti| nanu vastutaḥ sādhyadharmavāneva dharmī sapakṣaḥ| sa ca tathājñāto vyavahriyate param| tataśca tadanvito'pi heturanvayavyatirekyeva| ajñaistu tathā na vyavahriyata ityanyadetaditi śaṅkate---na ca pakṣa eveti| vyavahāreturanvayaścintyate, na tu vyavahārya ityāśayavān pariharati---jijñāsiteti||
11.34.p13
nanu yadyasya sapakṣavyatirekāpratiṣedhaḥ, kathaṃ nāsādhāraṇyam? tatpratiṣedhaścet kathaṃ nānvayaḥ? atha tatpratiṣedhe'pi tāvanmātramave nānvayaḥ, evaṃ tarhi sapakṣavat pakṣe'pi nairātmyapratiṣedhe'pi nātmasadbhāva iti parākṣepaṃ parihṛtya tadgranthaṃ paṭhati śarīrādiṣviti| vipakṣe hi sati sata eva kasyacid vyatirekaḥ pratīta iti pramāṇena pratīta iti pratipāditam| tasya ca pramāṇapratītasya vyatirekasya pakṣe'pi satyeva niṣedhaḥ pramāṇena kriyata iti yuktā niṣedhalakṣaṇā vidhisiddhiḥ| sapakṣastu na kenacit pramāṇena pratīta iti na tatrānvayavyatirekatanniṣedhāḥ paramārthataḥ kenacitpramāṇena śakyate pratyetum| tatkathaṃ vidhiniṣedhayoranyataraprasaktirityarthaḥ||
11.34.p14
sapakṣāvyatirekī cet sapakṣavyatirekaniṣedhāvanityarthaḥ| anvayī sapakṣānvayī| athaivamapi nānvayī, api tu vyatirekyeva| atha sapakṣavyatirekaniṣedhasyāpi vyatirekaniṣedhamātraparyavasāyitayānvayāparyavasānāditi manyase, tadā pakṣe'pi nairātmyaniṣedhe'pi tāvanmātraparyavasāyitayā na sātmakatvaparyavasānamiti vārttikārthaḥ| tadetannirākṛtam
11.34.p15
avastuni pāramārthikavidhiniṣedhānabhyupagamāt| tathāpi svavacanavirodhapratihatametadityata āha---etaccāsmābhiriti| na tasya vyatirekavyabhicāro'pi tasya vyatirekadharmatayā tadabhāve'nupapatterityarthaḥ| pariharatītyādi| vyabhicāravadavyabhicāro'pi taddharma eva so'pi kathaṃ tadabhāve bhavedityarthaḥ| tato vyāvṛttyabhāveneti vyāvṛttinirūpaṇābhāvenetyarthaḥ| āgāmivārttika bhramanirāsārthaṃ sphuṭamapi vyācaṣṭe---atra ceti| bhramaṃ nivārayati---na punariti| nanvetāvatyeva sūtrārthe ko doṣaḥ syādityata āha---tathā satīti| śeṣamanumānalakṣaṇa iti sapakṣe siddha ityādi vṛttipadāntaradūṣaṇaśeṣam||
11.34.p16
sautrāntiketi vaibhāsikamatavyudāsārtham| tanmate nityasyāpyākāśāderakāryasyāpi saṃbhavāt| yadāhuḥ ākāśaṃ dvau nirodhau ca trayametadasaṃskṛtam
11.34.p17
iti| sadṛśakṣaṇa sabhāgasantānalakṣaṇanirodhabhedena nirodhau dvau vināśau yayorapratisaṃkhyāpratisaṃkhyānirodhāviti paribhāṣā||
11.34.p18
atra dignāgena
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sapakṣe sannityādinā
11.34.p20
hetutadābhāsān, tadudāharaṇārthaṃ
11.34.p21
nityānityetyādinā
11.34.p22
sādhyavargaṃ
11.34.p23
prameyetyādinā
11.34.p24
sādhanavargaṃ
11.34.p25
sapakṣaḥ khaṃ ghaṭo buddhirviyadgaganamambaram||
11.34.p26
taḍidvyomnī taḍitkumbhau paramāṇurviyat tathā||