Yāska's Nirukta 19.3
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 19.3
- Language
- Sanskrit
19.3.1
"athāpyasyaiko raśmiścandramasaṃ prati dīpyate tadetenopekṣitavyam-ādityato'sya dīptirbhavati-iti ||" eko raśmirādityasya suṣumṇo nāma candramasaṃ pratyavasthito dīpyate | tadetena mantrārthavidā mantrānupaitya īkṣitavyaṃ draṣṭavyam | yeyamasya candramaso dīptiḥ jyotsnā seyam ādityataḥ ādityaraśmeranugrahādeva asya bhavati-iti | am̐nmayaṃ hi candramaso maṇḍala tattattejaḥsambandhād dīptimada bhavati, tataḥ sarvā diśaḥ prakāśayati | yathā caitadevaṃ tathā "suṣumṇaḥ sūryyaraśmiścandramā gandharva ityapi nigamo bhavati” | "su̱ṣumṇa̱ḥ sūryya̍ raśmiścandramā̍ gandha̱rvastasya̱ nakṣa̍trāṇyapsa̱raso̍ bheku̱rayo̱ nāma̍ | sa na̍ i̱daṃ brahma̍ kṣa̱traṃ pā̍tu tasmai̱ svāhā̱ vvāṭ tābhya̱ḥ svāhā̍ || ( ya0 vā0 saṃ0 18, 40 )" | rāṣṭrabhṛtsu hastagrahahome || apyayamanye bahava ityapiśabdaḥ | 'suṣumṇaḥ' suṣṭhusumnaḥ suṣṭhusukha ityarthaḥ | sarvāṇi bhūtāni nityamasau hlādayati || ko'sau iti ! 'sūryaraśmiḥ' sūryānniḥsṛtya candramasaṃ prati gataḥ 'candramā gandharvaḥ' sati suṣumṇagamane gośabdavācyatā (1) 'tasya' gandharvasya sataḥ candro dhārayitā gandharvaḥ sa hi tasya pratiṣṭhā| 'sa na idaṃ' so'smākamidaṃ 'brahma kṣatraṃ' ca 'pātu' rakṣatu | kiñca, 'tasmai' suṣumṇāyaṃ sūryaraśmaye 'svāhā' su śobhanamidamābhimukhyenāha, havirājyalakṣaṇamastu | sa cedaṃ 'vāṭ' vetu pibatvityarthaḥ | 6 |
19.3.2
adhunaivamuktvodāharaṇaireva tatra sandehapadānyanukramya mantreṣveva darśayannāha,–“imānyekaviṃśatiḥ pṛthivīnāmadheyānyanukrāntāni tatra nirṛtirniramaṇādṛcchateḥ kṛcchrāpattiritarā” | lokeṣu hīdaṃ sarvaṃ bhūtajātamantarbhūtam, yadabhidhānāni yadāśrayakriyāvacanāśca śabdā nighaṇṭava ucyante, teṣāṃ ca pṛthivī prathamā, tasmāt tata ārambhaḥ | ekaviṃśatiriti saṃkhyā 21 | pṛthivīnāmadheyāni, svārthe dheyapratyayaḥ, nāmaiva nāmadheyam | anukrāntāni, ānupūrvyeṇa paṭhitānītyarthaḥ | ekaviṃśatiryānyanukrāntāni, ebhyo'nyānyapi yāni kānicit syuḥ, tānyupalabhya nirvaktavyāni | tadyathā,ku ityetadasamāmnātaṃ pṛthivyā nāmadheyam | uktaṃ hi - ‘nābhicinnarakaṃ yāti na satputro na kupradaḥ'--iti || tatraitasminnekaviṃśake nāmagaṇe nirṛtiḥ ityetadabhidhānam | niramaṇāt niviṣṭāni ramante'syāṃ bhūtānīti nirṛtiḥ pṛthivī | ramerdhātoḥ ( bhū0 ā0 ) | ṛcchateḥ (tu0pa0 ) itarā kṛcchrāpattiḥ duḥkhasañjñikā, nirṛtiḥ pāpmā | “sā” punariyaṃ samānanāmadheyatvāt samānaśrutitvāt “pṛthivyā sandihyate” | “tayoḥ” samānanāmadheyatve'pi sati eṣa karmakṛto “vibhāgaḥ”–ekā niviṣṭānāṃ bhūtānāṃ ramayitrī, ekā punaḥ kṛcchramāpādayitrī | evaṃ nānākarmāṇyabhidhānāni nirvaktavyāni | 7 | "tasyāḥ" kṛcchrāpatteḥ pṛthivyā api “eṣā” nirvrācikā ṛg “bhavati-”
19.3.3
bahuprajāḥ kṛcchramāpadyata iti parivrājakāḥ || varṣakarmeti nairuktāḥ || ya īṃ cakāreti karotikiratī sandigdhau varṣakarmaṇā | ‘na so asya veda’ madhyamaḥ sa evāsya veda madhyamo yo dadarśadityopahitam | ‘sa māturyonau’ mātāntarikṣam-nirmāyante'smin bhūtāni || yonirantarikṣa mahānavayavaḥ parivīto vāyunā || ayamapītaro yoniretasmādeva, pariyuto bhavati || bahuprajā bhūmimāpadyate varṣakarmaṇā |
19.3.4
“ya īṃ cakāra” - iti | dīrghatamasa ārṣam | triṣṭup | mahāvrate vaiśvadeve śastre śasyate | “ayaṃ sa śiṅkte”- itīyamapi tathaiva samānārṣaviniyogā| jagatī| dve apyeta asyavāmīye || kaścit “bahuprajāḥ” bahvapatyo daridraḥ puruṣaḥ sa duḥpoṣāttvādapatyānāṃ vyāpannatvāt “kṛcchraṃ” duḥkham “āpadyate” | sā yā tasya kṛcchrāpattiḥ, saivaitasyāmṛci nirṛtiśabdenocyate “iti” eṣaḥ “parivrājakāḥ” parivrājakānāmasyāmṛci saṃkṣepārthaḥ || sa eṣa vistareṇa pradarśyate- “yaḥ” “cakāra” karoti “īṃ” garbha “na saḥ” “asya” garbhasya tattvaṃ “veda” kevalaṃ tvasau kāmārttaḥ putrārthī vā karotyeva garbham | “ya īṃ dadarśa” yaścainaṃ paśyati “hirug” antarhitametasmin jaṭhare, etasmin vā śarīre | “īṃ nu” jantum |• “tasmāt” tasyaiva eṣa garbho yāthātmyataḥ pratyakṣo bhavatyadhyātmaśāstradṛṣṭyā, netarasya garbhakarttuḥ | “saḥ” punareṣa garbho “māturyonā” garbhāśayasthāne “antaḥ” udare puṣyati sa māturaśitapītaśīḍha bhakṣitena caturvidhāhārapariṇāmena, tataḥ “parivītaḥ” jarāyuṇā pam̐riveṣṭito yathākālaṃ jāyate | athaiṣa “bahuprajāḥ’ bahuśaḥ prajāyamānaḥ sa garbhakarttā garbhatattvamajānānaḥ “nirṛtiṃ” duḥkham “āviveśa” āviśatītyarthaḥ | evaṃ garbhatattvāparijñānāt yo garbhaṃ karoti sa duḥkhamāpadyate, yastu adhyātmadṛṣṭyā garbhatattvaṃ veda, sa garbhakarmaṇo nivarttate, sa nirṛtimāpadyate | evamasyāmṛci nirṛtirdevatetyeṣa parivrājakārthaḥ ||
19.3.5
anye tu bruvate, - yaḥ karoti garbhaṃ sa garbhabhūto janmāntareṣu bahuṣu prajāyamāno janmamaraṇasantānānubaddho nirṛtimāviśati | yo retaḥ siñcati, tad bhūyobhūyojanmāntareṣu bahuśaḥ prajāyamāno janmamaraṇasantānānubhavatītyuktam || “varṣakarmeti nairuktāḥ” varṣakarmaitaducyate | nirṛtiścātra bhūmirucyate | evaṃ nairuktā manyante | “ya īṃ cakāreti” yaḥ karoti varṣaṃ, yo vā kirati kṣipati | kaḥ punarasau ? meghaḥ| sa hi varṣasya karttā vikṣeptā vā | meghāddhi varṣaṃ pravarttate | ki tasya ? na so'sya varṣasya [ sa ] tattvaṃ veda kuto'pyetadudaka mayyāgacchati yanmayā visṛjyate | kiṃ vā udakasya tattvamiti kevalaṃ tvasau visṛjana evodakam|ya īṃ dadarśa ya eva paśyati etad varṣaṃ hiruk īṃ nu tasmāt antarhitam antarikṣaloke tasmātsaṃtyarthaḥ | tasyaiva pratyakṣam | tadyathā-ātmano varṣaṃ netarasya dhanasya madhyasthānasya | sa eva hyasya varṣasya [ sa ] tattvaṃ “veda” yo dadarśa yaḥ paśyati “ādityopahitam” ādityasya raśmyantargataṃ varṣamanabhivyaktam | kaścāsau antargataḥ ? indraḥ | atrāpi madhyama eva | tata idamūktam- “na so'sya veda madhyamaḥ” meghaḥ | “sa evāsya veda madhyamaḥ” indra iti | sa eva mahānudakasaṃstyāya indraḥ pratyakṣe| madhyamaḥ mātuḥ antarikṣalokasya udakābhivyaktyāśayasthāne “parivīṃtaḥ” pariveṣṭitaḥ sauryeṇa raśmijālena vāyunā ca meghodarantargataḥ prāvṛṭkāle varṣabhāvenābhivyakto “bahuprajāḥ” bahuśaḥ prajāyamāno nirṛtiṃ bhūmimāviśatīti samastārthaḥ ||
19.3.6
athaikapadāniruktam —|“karotikiratī sandigdhau” dhātū “varṣakarmaṇā” sambadhyete | ubhayathā hyupapadyate, - yaḥ karoti yo vā kṣipati | “mātāntarikṣam” etasmin hi “bhūtāni” “nirmāyante” | etaddhvavakāśādānena viśiṣṭamupakāraṃ karoti bhūtānāṃ jāyamānānām | “yonirantarikṣama” ākāśasyaiva pradeśaviśeṣaḥ kaścit | sa vāyusaṃyuktaḥ san udakayonibhāvaṃ puṣṇāti | tadetat “vāyunā” tasya saṃyavanaṃ dṛṣṭoktam--parivītaḥ bhavati-iti || śabdasārūpyaprasaktamucyate, - “ayasapītaraḥ” “yoniḥ” strīyoniḥ “etasmādeva”| asāvapi “pariyutaḥ” eva “bhavati” snāvnā māṃsena ca || evametasmin mantre nairuktānāṃ nirṛtiśabdena bhūmirucyate, parivrājakānāṃ kṛcchrāpattiḥ | tadevaṃ mantreṣu śabdagativibhutvādubhayamapyupapadyata eva | tadyathā, —“vṛṣṭikāmyo.akāriṣam ( ṛ0 saṃ0 3, 7, 13, 6 )”-ityeṣa mantraḥ, agnyupasthāne agnihotre,
19.3.7
ayameva cāgniṣṭome "dadhikrāvṇo akāriṣamityāmikṣe dadhi bhakṣayanti ( ā0 sū0 6, 13 )"-iti dadhibhakṣaṇe, tathā cāśvamedhe "dadhikrāvṇo akāriṣamityutthitāyāṃ sarvā japanti"ityaśvasaṃnidhāvenaṃ patnyo japanti mahiṣyāmutthitāyām | tatraivaṃ sati prativiniyogamasyānenārthena bhavitavyam | ta ete vakturabhiprāyavaśādanyatvamapi bhajante mantrāḥ | na hi eteṣu arthasyeyattāvadhāraṇamasti, mahārthā hyete duṣparijñānāśca | yathāśvārohavaiśiṣṭyādaśvaḥ sādhuḥ sādhutaraśca vahati, evamete vaktṛvaiśiṣṭyāt sādhūn sādhutarāṃścārthān sravanti | tatraivaṃ sati lakṣaṇoddeśamātramevaitasmiñchāstre nirvacanamekaikasya kriyate, kacitcā ādhyātmyadhidaivādhiyajñopadarśanārtham | tasmādeteṣu yāvanto'rthā upapadyeran-ādhidaivādhyātmyādhiyajñāśrayāḥ sarva eva te yojyāḥ, nātrāparādho'sti 2 | 8 |
19.3.8
evameva sandehādghāṭocchiṭṭivāha- "śākapūṇiḥ saṅkalpayāñcakre, sarvā devatā jānāmīti" | śākāni yaḥ pūṇayati saṃhanti, sa śākapūṇaḥ, tasyāpatyaṃ śākapūṇiḥ ācāryyaḥ | sa saṅkalpayāñcakre, saṃkalpaṃ kṛtavān | kim iti ? sarvā devatā jānāmīti | "tasmai" saṃkalpamevaṃ kṛtavate "devatobhayaliṅgā" strīpuṃliṅgā, athavā madhyasthānaliṅgā dyusthānaliṅgā ca "prādurbabhūva" prādurbhūtavatī | "tāṃ" purato'vasthitāṃ satī "na jajñe" na jñātavān, kimiyaṃ strī syādathavā puruṣa iti, athavā kimiyaṃ madhyasthānā athavā dyusthāneti | "tām" ajānan "papraccha" "vividiṣāṇi tvā" | veditumicchāmi tvām,-kimasi puruṣaḥ athavā strī ? "iti" athavā kimasyantarikṣasthānā athavā dyusthānā iti 1 "sā" evaṃ pṛṣṭā satī "asmai" śākapūṇaye "etāmṛcam" "ādideśa" ādiṣṭavatī | kim iti ? "eṣā maddevateti" asyāmṛci ahaṃ devateti, tvaṃ ca nairuktaḥ māmetasyā ṛcaḥ sakāśādarthāvagatyāvadhārayeti || “antarikṣanāmānyuttarāṇi ṣoḷaśa”| ṣaṭ ca daśa ca ṣoḷaśa || katamāni punastāni ? “ambaraṃ, viyat, vyoma”--ityevamādīni || ambaramambumadbhavati | nānābhāvena sarvato viyatamiti viyat | nānāprakārametadavati bhūtānīti vyoma | evamādyabhyūhitavyam | 10 |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit