Yāska's Nirukta 317.1
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 317.1
- Language
- Sanskrit
317.1.1
"athemā atistutaya ityācakṣate"-ityevamādi vaktuṃ prakṛtaśeṣamanuvarttate | kiṃ cātra prakṛtam ? stutilakṣyā devateti-"yatkāma ṛṣiyoṃsyāṃ devatāyāmārthapatyamicchan stutiṃ prayuṅkte ( 7 | 4 )"-ityatra | tāḥ stutayaḥ karmādhikāraniratāḥ, svakamīdhikārātikrameṇa svaguṇātiśayena ca yāḥ, tā upapradarśyaḥ | tadarthaṃ viśeṣataḥ punaradhikāravacanam-"atha"-iti | "imāḥ" yā vakṣyamāṇāstāḥ "atistutayaḥ-ityācakṣate" anye'pyācāryā evamevaitāḥ ācakṣate kathayanti śiṣyebhyaḥ 'atistutaya etāḥ' iti, prasiddhā hīyametāsu sañjñetyabhiprāyaḥ | 13 | “yad dyāvaṃ indra te śataṃ0 (ṛ0 sa0 6, 5, 8, 5 | sā0 saṃ0 cha0 ā0 3, 2, 4,6)”-iti| bṛhanmana ārṣam| bṛhatī | vairupe stotriyānurūpe || he bhagavan!“indra !” “yat” “yadi” “te” tava “śatam” “dyāvaḥ” “divaḥ” “śataṃ” ca “bhūmīḥ” “bhūmayaḥ” “sahasraṃ” ca “sūryāḥ” “rodasī” “uta” “api” ca samaḥ te “pratimānāni” upamānāni “syuḥ” bhaveyuḥ, kathañcit,-tathāpi “tvā” tvāṃ jātamātramapi sarvāṇi api tāni “nāṣṭa” “naivābhyaśnuvīran” | kiṃ tarhi ? tvamevaitāni sarvāṇi āvṛṇvānaḥ, atiricya vartethā ityarthaḥ | 13 |
317.1.2
"yada̱udañcò vṛṣākape0 (ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 4, 4, 2)"-iti | paṅktiḥ | indrāṇyā ārṣam | pṛṣṭhayasya ṣaṣṭhe'hani viniyogaḥ || he bhagavan ! "vṛṣākape !" "indra !" yadā tvam "udañcaḥ" udaṅgeva varttamānaḥ, pradakṣiṇaṃ bhuvanāni parigacchan "gṛham" "ajā gantana" gṛhānupraveśe hi vyabadhīyate, vyavadhīyate ca bhagavānastaṃ gacchannādityaḥ, -itye tasmāt sāmānyāducyate gṛhamitrājagantana-iti | tadā tvayi gṛhamupagate, adṛśye nirāloko lokaḥ sahasaiva vismito bravīti-"kva 1 syaḥ pulvagho mṛgaḥ" | "syaḥ" "saḥ" | "pulvaghaḥ" puruśabdāt pūrvapadam, ghaseruttarapadam, ka saḥ "bahvādī" "mṛgaḥ" bahusāvatti sarvaprāṇiṣvavasthitaḥ | taduktam- "sūrya̍ ātmā jaga̍tasta̱sthuṣa̍śca (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 8, 7, 1, sā0 saṃ0 āra0 ā0 )"-iti | "mṛgo mārṣṭergatyarthasya" na hyasāvavatiṣṭhate, māṣṭyeva hi mṛgaḥ | "kamagan" "kaṃ deśamagamat" gatavān ?-yenāsmākamadṛśyaḥ, sa devo "janayodhanaḥ" janamohano babhūva, udayāstamayaparigamanādādityasya janā muhyante, tattvāparijñānāt | 'viśvasmāt" "sarvasmāt" jagataḥ "yaḥ" tvam "indra !" "uttaraḥ" "tametaṃ tvāmādityam" evaṃ "brūmaḥ" - "yada̱udañco vṛṣākape"-iti | 13 | vyasṛkṣata hi prasavāya na cendraṃ devamamaṃsata yatrāmāghad vṛṣākapirarya īśvaraḥ puṣṭeṣu poṣaṇeṣu matsakhā mama sakhā madanasakhā ye naḥ sakhāyastaiḥ saheti vā sarvasmācca indra uttarastametad brūma ādityam | 4 || sṛṇyeveti dvividhā sṛṇirbhavati bharttā ca hantā ca tathāśvinau cāpi bhartārau jarbharī bhartārāvityarthasturpharī tū hantārau| nitośasyāpatyaṃ naitośaṃ naitośeva turpharī kṣiprahantārau |
317.1.3
udanyajevetyudakaje iva ratne sāmudre cāndramaseti vā jemane jayamane | jemanā maderū || etajjarāyujaṃ śarīraṃ śaradamajīrṇam | 5 || | 13 | 5 | tarati sa pāpaṃ sarvaṃ mandī yaḥ stauti dhāvati gacchatyūrdhvāṃ gatim || dhārayābhiṣutasya somasya mantrapūtasya vācā stutasya| 6|| | 13 | 6 | catvāri śṛṅgeti vedā vā eta uktāḥ | trayo asya pādā iti sabanāni trīṇi | dve śīrṣe prāyaṇīyodayanīye | sapta hastāsaḥ sapta cchandāṃsi | tridhā baddhastredhā baddho. mantrabrāhmaṇakalpaiḥ| vṛṣabho roravīti roravaṇamasya savanakrameṇa ṛgbhiryajurbhiḥ sāmabhiryadenamṛgbhiḥ śaṃsanti yajurbhiryajanti sāmabhiḥ stuvanti maho deva ityeṣa hi mahān devo yadyajño martyā āviveśetyeṣa hi manuṣyānāviśati yajanāya | 7 || | 13 | 7 | svargacchanta ījānā vā, nekṣante te'mumeva lokaṃ gatavantamikṣantamiti | ‘ā yāṃ rohanti rodasī’ | yajñaṃ ye viśvatodhāraṃ sarvatodhāraṃ suvidvāṃso vitenira iti | 8 || | 13 | 8 | catvāri vācaḥ parimitāni padāni tāni vidurbrāhmaṇā ye medhāvino guhāyāṃ trīṇi nihitāni nārthaṃ vedayante |
317.1.4
"catvāri vākpari̍imatā padāni0 (ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 3, 22, 5 | atha0 saṃ0 9, 25, 37, 26, 1 )" - iti | dīrghatamasa ārṣam | vāgdevate paśau viniyogaḥ || prabaḷhitetyanamabhivyaktiviśiṣṭe vākyārthaḥ | "catvāri" "vākparimitā" "vācaḥ parimitāni" "padāni" na pañcamaṃ padamasti | "tāni" punaḥ "brāhmaṇā viduḥ" | kiṃ sarve 1 na, -"ye manīṣiṇaḥ" "medhāvinaḥ" | teṣāṃ ca punaḥ padānāṃ "guhā" "guhāyāṃ" "trīṇi" "nihitā" "nihitāni" "neṅgayanti" "nārthe vedayante" na prakhyāpayanti, "turīyaṃ" caturthaṃ bhāgam, ekapadaṃ "manuṣyāḥ" parijñānārthaṃ "vadanti" || "turīyaṃ tvarateḥ" taddhi tvaritamiva nirgataṃ bhavati tribhyaḥ | "katamāni tāni catvāri padāni ?"—iti vicāryaḥ praśnaḥ || tatra tāvat, "nāmākhyāte copasarganipātāśceti vaiyākaraṇāḥ" manyante | tatrā'prasiddhārthatvādakhyātopasarganipātapadāni arthaṃ na vedayante, nāmāni tu prasiddhatarārthatvād gavāśvādīn vedayantyarthān || evaṃ "mantraḥ kalpo brāhmaṇaṃ caturthī vyāvahārikīti yājñikāḥ” atrāpi vyāvahārikyeva tu vedayatyartham | “ṛco yajūṃṣi sāmāni, caturthī vyāvahārikīti nairuktāḥ" atrāpi vyāvahārikyeva vedayate || "sarpāṇāṃ vāk, vayasām, kṣudrasya sarīsṛpasya, caturthī vyāvahārikītyeke” 'sarpādīnāmityadhibhūtavidaḥ | atrāpi vyāvahārikyeva vedayate, netarāḥ | "paśuṣu tūṇaveṣu mṛgeṣvātmani cetyātmapravādāḥ” ātmānaṃ ye pravadanti ācāryāste ātmapravādāḥ ||
317.1.5
"brāhmaṇamapi ca bhavati” etasminnarthe,- "sā vai vāk sṛṣṭā caturddhā vyabhavat”ityevamādi | tadetadabhivyaktārthameva | "tato yā pāgatyaricyata, tāṃ brāhmaṇe nyadadhuḥ” nihitavantaḥ, “tasmād brāhmaṇā ubhayīṃ vācaṃ vadanti,-yā ca devānāṃ, yā ca manuṣyāṇām” laukikī vaidikī cetyarthaḥ | 13 | 9 | “atha” punaḥ “eṣā” “akṣarasya” atistutiḥ pravaḷahiteva-|| "ṛco akṣare parame0 ( ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 3, 21, 4 | atha0 saṃ0 9, 28, 8 )"iti | dīrghatamasa ārṣam | asyā nirvacanatrayam adhidevādhiyajñādhyātmavikalpena oṃkāra āditya ātmā ceti | tatra tāvacchākapūṇipakṣamāśrityādhiyajñagatamucyate-
317.1.6
"katamat tadetadakṣaram" ? "oṃ"--"ityeṣā vāk"--"iti śākapūṇeḥ" abhiprāyaḥ | oṃkāramṛte na hyarthayanti | tasyāḥ "akṣare" "parame" "vyoman" vyomavividhamasmin śabdajātamotarbhitaṃ vyoma tasmin, tisṛṣu mātrāsu akārokāramakāralakṣaṇāsūpaśāntāsu yadavaśiṣyate, tadakṣaraṃ paramaṃ vyoma, aparamākāśam apekṣya tatparaṃ vyoma, śabdasāmānyamabhivyaktamityabhiprāyaḥ | "yasmin devā adhiniṣaṇṇāḥ sarve" | ṛgādiṣu ye devāḥ, te mantradvāreṇā'kṣare niṣaṇṇāḥ, tasya śabdakāraṇatvāt | tedyathā, prathamāyāṃ mātrāyāṃ pṛthivī, agniḥ, ṛgvedaḥ, pṛthivīlokanivāsina ityeva, dvitīyāyāṃ mātrāyāma antarikṣam, vāyuḥ, yajūṃṣi, tallokanivāsino janā iti, tṛtīyāyāṃ mātrāyāṃ dyauḥ, ādityaḥ, sāmāni, tallokanivāsinī janā iti | vijñāyate hi--"oṃkāra evedaṃ sarvam"--iti | "yastanna veda" anayā vibhūtyākṣaram, "kim" asau "ṛcā" ṛgādibhirmantraiḥ "kariṣyati" ? yastainākṣarātmanā paśyati | "ya ittadvidusta ime samāsate--iti viduṣa upadiśati" | te hi tatparajñānātsāmrājyamupagatāḥ praṇavavigrahamātmānamanupraviśya samīkṛtā nirvāānti śāntārciṣa ivānalā iti | 13 | 10 |
317.1.7
"āditya iti putraḥ śākapūṇeḥ eṣa ṛgbhavati"-iti, maṇḍalamabhipretam | "yadenamarcanti" yasmādenamarcanti, tasmādṛk | "tasya" "yada̱nyat" "mantrebhyaḥ" maṇḍalagatebhyo'vayavebhyaḥ, "tat" param "akṣaraṃ" vyavanam, tatra sarvamotamiti, "ya eṣo'ntarāditye hiraṇmayaḥ puruṣo dṛśyate"-iti ( tai0 āṃ0 10, 13 ) śruteḥ | "raśmayo'tra devā ucyante, ya etasminnadhiniṣeṇṇā iti" | yastanmaṇḍalamakṣarātmanā na veda, ki sa ṛcā ādityena maṇḍalātmanā kariṣyati ? nāsau yathāvadādityaṃ vedetyarthaḥ | "ya ittadvidusta ime samāsate"-iti vyākhyātam || ātmetyātmapravādāḥ | ayamṛgbhavati śarīramiti | "indriyāṇyatra devā ucyante" tāni hi viṣayeṣu dyotayanta iti devāḥ | "tasya yadavināśidharma" cetanāsatattvamātravijñānam, "tat" paramam "akṣaraṃ" vyavanam | yattadakṣaraṃ na veda, kimasī ṛcā śarīreṇa kariṣyati ? na tasya jīvitenārthaḥ | "ya ittadviduḥ"-iti vyākhyātam | 13 | 11 | "akṣaram" kasmāt ? taddhi "na kṣarati" nānyathābhāvamāpadyate | athavā-"na kṣīyate" na kadācidapyāmūlato vinaśyati | athavā-"vākkṣayo bhavati" nādo hi varṇalakṣaṇāyā vāco nivāsaḥ| "vāco'kṣaḥ-iti vā" akṣaro hyakṣa ivānupraviśya vyañjanāni dhārayati || atha "akṣaḥ" kasmāt ? ucyate,-."yānasya" yānākṣaḥ tāvat "samañjanāt" nityamasau mrakṣyate tailādinā, "tatprakṛtītarat" svarākhyamakṣaram, "varttanasāmānyāt" svaramadhirūḍhāni vyañjanāni varttante | "iti" parisamāptyartha itikaraṇaḥ, upapradarśanārtho vā'ntasya ||
317.1.8
evamayaṃ "mantrārthacintābhyūho'bhyūḍhaḥ" mantrārthacintānāmabhyūho mantrārthacintābhyūhaḥ, vitarkitaḥ, śakyate etāvatā mantrārtho'bhyūhitumiti | punaḥ bhayam "api śrutitaḥ"-“api tarkataḥ” śrutibhyo brāhmaṇebhyo nigamaśeṣebhyaśconnītāyārthābhidhānasāmarthyebhyo vākyārthasāmarthyāt tasyopari paryāyāstarko'bhyūho lakṣaṇāyāya iti | yadyapyayamabhyūhaḥ, tathāpi "na tu pṛthaktvena mantrā nirvaktavyāḥ" kutaḥ pṛthaktvena ? prakaraṇāt | kiṃ tarhi ? “prakaraṇaśa eva tu nirvaktavyāḥ" | tānyetāni prakaraṇāni mantrāṇāṃ yājñaṃ daivatamadhyātmamitihāsānupraveśa iti | kiṃ kāraṇam ? "na hyeṣu" mantreṣu "pratyakṣam" arthadarśanam "asti" | kiṃ nāstyeva ? na nāsti | kiṃ tarhi ? “anṛṣeḥ atapaso vā"-iti, tasyedānīmapi syācca ṛṣiratapasvī ca, nirdagdhakalmaṣayostayoḥ pratibandhakābhāvād yathāvadarthaṃ mantrāṇāṃ paśyataḥ | ye'nye punaraupadeśikāḥ tānadhikṛtyocyate"pārovaryavitsu tu khalu, veditṛṣu bhūyovidyaḥ praśasyo bhavati-ityuktaṃ purastāt"iti | ya eteṣu upadeśataḥ pārovaryeṇa parovarabhāvena mantrārthān pratipadyante, te pārovaryavidaḥ, teṣu yaḥ kaścidbhūyovidyaḥ bahuśruto bhavati, sa eva mantrārthaparijñāne praśasyo bhavati | mantrārtha eva svayaṃ vidyāvasthānabhāvena viśvambhūto lokavyavahārabhāvena ca viprakīrṇo vijṛmbhata iti tamabahuśruto nālamutprekṣitumiti, -yuktaṃ yattatparijñānaniyoge bhūyovidyaḥ praśasyata iti | purastādapi caitaduktam, iha tu prasaṅgāducyate ||
317.1.9
ataḥ paramāgamaviśuddhaye prastauti-"manuṣyā vā ṛṣiṣu utkrāmatsu devānabruvan” iti | pūrvamapi hi "sākṣātkṛtadharmāṇa ṛṣayo babhūvuḥ"-ityuktam, iha tu mantrārthābhyupapradarśanārthamiti viśiṣyate-manuṣyā vā ṛṣiṣūtkrāmatsu devānabruvan ko na ṛṣirbhaviṣyati"-iti | evamādipurākalpasvarūpo'rthavidaḥ śāstrāvatārastutaye, tebhyaḥ “etaṃ mantrārthacintābhyūhamabhyūhaṃ prāyacchan” te devā etaṃ samastārthamūharmāpa bhavanto'nena mantrārthān śakyante'bhyūhitumiti | yasmādetadevaṃ “tasmāt” asmin sūkte niruktaśāstre yaḥ “anūcānaḥ” vidvān, yadeva kiñcinmantrārtheṣu “abhyūhati” “ārṣaṃ tat bhavati” tathaiva tadṛṣayo'bhyūhitavanta ityabhiprāyaḥ | 13 | 12 | na tat svamanīṣikayocyate,mantrārtho'pyetasmin viṣaye bṛhaspatinā dṛṣṭo brahma vā svayaṃ prāha | tathathā,-‘ “hṛdā taṣṭeṣu0 ( ṛ0saṃ08,2,24, 3, | 10, 6, 3,8)”-iti | “hṛdā” hṛdayena buddhyā, “taṣṭeṣu” sūkṣmatāmāpāditeṣu acintyādhyātmyādiṣu vidvadbhiḥ, “manaso javeṣu” “manasāṃ” “prajaveṣu” ye prajavāḥ pragamāḥ na sākṣātte dṛśyante, teṣvartheṣu svargāpūrvadevatādiṣu “brāhmaṇāḥ” adhigatamantrārthatattvāḥ vicārayantaḥ,-kimnatra sattvaṃ kiṃvā atattvamiti, pravacanena tataḥ “saṃyajante” paraspareṇa saṃpūjayanti | katame te ? iti,-“sakhāyaḥ” “samānakhyānāḥ ṛtvijaḥ” te hi prayoge abhiyuktatvādatitarāṃ vidvāṃsaḥ | teṣu kim ? iti,-“atrāha tvam”-iti | “atra” tatra teṣu artheṣu
317.1.10
sūkṣmeṣu “vijahuḥ” tyatyajuḥ, “tvam” ekam tyaktavantaḥ | mantrārthavyākhyāne kamavidvāṃsaṃ ke na tyatyajuḥ ? “vedyābhiḥ” “veditavyābhiḥ” “pravṛttibhiḥ” na hi tāsāṃ manovṛttīnāmanto'sti, yāsu pratibhānavatāmapi manovṛttayo na pravarttante, atastā veditavyā eva bhavantyavidvadbhiḥ | ye punaḥ “ohabrahmaṇaḥ” idaṃ niruktaśāstram ūhabrahma yeṣāmasti te śabdārthasaṅkaṭeṣvapratibadhyamānā atikramya avidvāṃsaṃ “vi” viśeṣataḥ sarvatraiva pratipūjyamānāḥ “caranti” “tve” eke ityarthaḥ || idānīmupasaṃharati-“seyaṃ vidyā”-iti | śrutimatītyāścaryamevaikā vidyā buddhiṃ varṣati, jyāyasī sarvābhyo vidyābhyo mahāneṣa tarkaḥ| “tasyāḥ tapasā pāramīpsitavyam” gantumiti vākyaśeṣaḥ | padavākyapramāṇavidā brāhmaṇena yasmādvedo vidhiniṣedhapratiprasavaniyamaparisaṅkhyāpunarvacanaparārthavādagahanaḥ, arthavādāśca yathāśrutapramāṇagrāhiṇo viduṣo'pi paramabhrāntahetavaḥ, tasmāt paramadurvijñānavedanīyatvād vedavākyānāmimāṃ vidyāmantareṇa samyagarthāvagamo na bhavati | ato'syā akhilapuruṣārthopakārapravṛttāyā antareṇa tapaḥpāragamanaṃ nāstītyata idamuktamācāryeṇa, –“tasyāstapasā pāramīpsitavyam” iti, ayamabhyupāyaḥ tasyāḥ pāragamane | “tadidam” atapasvinā sarvathāpi “āyuricchatā” niruktaśāstraṃ “na nirvaktavyam” atapasvī hvāgamavān api malināntaḥkaraṇatvātra śaknuyāt, tato'syāyuśchidyeta, tapasvināpi ca nirvruvatā “tasmāt” “chandaḥsu” śākhāntareṣu nigamodāharaṇānāmākāṅkṣitavanirākāṅkṣārthai “śeṣāḥ” vākyaśeṣāḥ, pādārddharccādilakṣaṇāḥ upekṣitavyāḥ | 13 | 13 |
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit