Yāska's Nirukta 43.1
Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 43.1
- Language
- Sanskrit
43.1.1
āha-kimudāharaṇam ? ucyate “tanū̱tyaje̍va̱ taska̍rā vana̱rgū ra̍śa̱nābhi̍rda̱śabhi̍ra̱bhya̍dhītām | i̱yaṃ te̍ agne navya̍sī ma̱nī̱ṣā yu̱kṣvā ratha̱ṃ na śu̱caya̍dbhira̱ṅgaiḥ || (ṛ0 saṃ0 7, 5, 12, 6)” | tritasyeyamāptyasyārṣam | triṣṭup | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ śasyate || “tanūtyajā” “tanūtyaktā” cauryābhiprāyeṇa hartavyaṃ vā marttavyaṃ veti kṛtādhyavasāyau taskarau “vanargū ~~~~~^1" mārgamoṣakau prasūtau, tābhyāmupamimīte | tau yathā upamārthatvena supuṣṭau bhavataḥ, na tathā grāmataskarau | tau yathā kañcidadhvagaṃ badhnīyātāṃ rajjvā | evam etau asmadvāhū “raśanābhiḥ” aṅgulībhiḥ “daśabhiḥ” daśasaṃkhyāyoginībhiḥ “abhyadhītāṃ” pratinibadhnītām | abhinibadhya ca agnimanthanayoktreṇa adharāraṇyuttarāraṇībhūtaṃ tvāṃ taskarā pick kañcidadhvagaṃ gāḍhaṃ baddhā subhṛśamākarṣataḥ || kimarthaṃ punarevaṃ sādhyase'smābhiḥ ? he 'agne !' 'iyaṃ' yasmāt ‘navyasī' navatarā, anyaiḥ stotṛbhiḥ adṛṣṭapūrvā, yuṣmadṛgbhiḥ saṃskṛtya vivakṣitā, ‘te' tava 'manīṣā' stutiḥ pradhānasaṃyuktā | sa tvametajjñātvā em̐bamabhimathyamāno'smābhiḥ ‘yukṣva’ yojaya ātmānamaraṇī prati | araṇibhyāṃ 'śucayadbhiḥ' dīpyamānaiḥ svaiḥ 'aṅgaiḥ' jvālākhyaiḥ || kathaṃ punaryojaya ? 'rathaṃ na' yathā kaścit kutaścit ājigamiṣuḥ śīghraṃ rathaṃ yojayet, evamevāvataraṇāya tvamātmānamābhyāmaraṇaubhyāṃyojaya mā no yajñe vighnaṃ kārṣīrityabhiprāyaḥ | “tanūtyak tanūtyaktau” ityarthaḥ | vanargū vanagāminau tatra hi tayoścauryaṃ sidhyati |
43.1.2
evamasyāmṛci “abhimanthanau” “bāhū” praśastau “taskarābhyām” apraśastābhyām “upamimīte” mantradṛk || “taskaraḥ” “tatkaraḥ” tasya eva karttā “bhavati” yataḥ saḥ “yataḥ” eva “karoti” tat “pāpakam” bhavati “iti nairuktāḥ” manyante | vaiyākaraṇānāṃ punaranyathāpi syāt | sa hi “santatakarmā bhavati” rātrau grāme muṣṇāti, divā araṇye || evam“ahorātrakarmā vā” etadeva ca tat santatakarmatvam | “raśanābhirdaśabhirabhyadhītām” ityeva “tatra” bāhvoḥ “jyāyān” “guṇo'bhipretaḥ” tayoḥ praśastatvāt, apraśastatvācca taskarayoḥ kanīyān | 3 | 14 | kva svidrātrau bhavathaḥ, kva divā, kvābhiprāriṃ kuruthaḥ, kva vasathaḥ, ko vāṃ śayane 'vidhaveva devaraṃ' (devaraḥ kasmād dvitīyo vara ucyate ) vidhavā vidhātṛkā bhavati | vidha- dvitīyamudāharaṇametasminnevārthe “athāpi kanīyasā jyāyāṃsam ( a0 3. khaṃ0 13 )” iti, —“kuha̍svid doṣā ( ṛ0 saṃ 7, 8, 18, 2 )” iti | kakṣīvato duhitā ghoṣā nāma, tasyā iyamarṣim | āśvinī | jagatī | prātaranuvākāśvinayoḥ śasyate || he aśvinau ! “kuha svin doṣā” “kva” nu yuvāṃ “rātrau bhavathaḥ” ? “kuha vastoḥ” “kva” vā “divā” bhavathaḥ yuvām ? yena nāpi rātrau asmākaṃ darśanamupagacchathaḥnāpi divā | sviditi paridevanāyām, īrṣyāyāṃ vā | “kuha” “kva” ca “abhiṣitvam” “abhiprāptiṃ” snānabhojanādyarthaṃ “kuruthaḥ”? “kuha” “kva” vā “ūṣatuḥ” “vasathaḥ”? sarvathā na vijñāyate vāmāgamanapravṛttiḥ || kiñca, “ko vāṃ śayutrā” katamo yuvāṃ yajamānaḥ śayutrā “śayane” ?
43.1.3
kiṃ “vidhavāṃ iva devaram” yathā vidhavā mṛtabhartṛkā kācit strī śayane rahasyatitagaṃ yatnavatī devaramupacarati, sa hi parakīyatvāt nāryā durārādhyataro bhavatīti yatnenopacaryate, na tathā nijo bharttā | tasmāt tenopamimīte aśvinau | tathā “maryaṃ” manuṣya devaram, saiva mṛtabhartṛkā “yoṣā” “ā” “kṛṇute” ābhimukhyena kurutaṃ | ko vām evam ābhimukhyena “sadhasthe” “sahasthāne” samāne sahayogināvātmanā kṛtvā paricacāra ? yeneha nopagatavantau stho'smaddarśanamiti || evamasyāmṛci devareṇa kanīyasā jyāyāṃsāvaśvināvupamīyete, vidhavayā ca yajamānaḥ || athaikapadaviruddham | “vidhavā vidhātṛkā bhavati” dhātā dhārayitā, sa tasyāḥ poṣayitā vā bharttā, vigata iti vidhavā || “vidhavanādvā” sā hi bharttṛmaraṇena vidhutā kampiteva bha̍vati || “vidhāvanādvā” sā hi bhartturabhāvādanirudhyamānā tatra tatra vidhāvatyeva || “iti” evaṃ ‘carmaśirāḥ’ ācāryo manyate || “api vā dhava iti manuṣyanāma, tadviyogād vidhavā” || “devaraḥ” ityeṣa śabdo “dīvyatikarmā” dīvyatyarthaḥ | sa hi bharturbhātā nityameva tayā bhrātṛbhāryyayā devanārthaṃ priyata iti ‘devara’ ityucyate || lokāntaraṃ gacchedityeko'rthaḥ | eva ca ‘bālasaṃvardhanaṃ muktā bālāpatyā na gacchati|’ ityādismṛtiṣu prāmāṇya darśayatyatha śabda | mānuṣa stvanenāpatyena saha svāpamupamayā bādhayati ||
43.1.4
yadvā- ‘yena patyā'smim̐lloke krīḍitā tenaiva saha krīḍārthaṃ bharttāramanugacchet’ ityarthasūcanena “vyālagrāhī yathā sarpa balāduddharate bilāta | tadvaduddhṛtya sā nārī tenaiva saha modate || tatra sā bhartṛparamā stūyamānā'psarogaṇaiḥ | krīḍate patinā sārddhaṃ yāvadindrāścaturdaśa||’ ityādismṛtiṣu prāmāṇya darśayana anvārohaṇamevāha || yadvā-‘diviraiśvaryyavacanaḥ’ iti “paktiviṃśati-” iti sūtre bhāṣyaprāmāṇyena devaraśabda īśvarārthakaḥ | tathā ca ‘yastaddharaṇe samarthaḥ pitā bhrātā putro vā tamāśrayet’ ityarthośrayaṇena “pitṛmātṛsutabhrātṛśvaśrūśvaśuramātulaiḥ | hīnā na syādvinā bhartrā garhaṇīyā'nyathā bhavet” ityādismṛtiṣu prāmāṇya darśitavān || yadvā-devaraśabdasya parameśvarārthakatvena ‘parameśvarabhaktiparāyaṇā brahmacaryeṇa kāla kṣapayet’ ityarthaṃ sūcayan “āsītāmaraṇātkṣāntā niyatā brahmacāriṇī | yo dharma ekapatnīnāṃ kāṅkṣantī tamanuttamam || anekāni sahasrāṇi kaumārabrahmacāriṇām | divaṃ gatāni viprāṇāmakṛtvā kulasaṃtatim ||” ityādismṛtiṣu prāmāṇyaṃ sūcayan brahmacaryamupadiśati || ityevaṃ sarvathā'navadyo'yaṃ mārgaḥ || “devaraḥ kasmāt ? dvitīyo vara ucyate” iti niruktāśrayaṇe tu bhinneva vyavasthātathāhi ‘tadviyogāt’ ityatratyasya viśabdasyāpi vyākhyā'gre ‘vijāmātuḥ-asusamāptājjāmātuḥ | vijāmāteti śaśvad dākṣiṇātyāḥ krītāpattimācakṣate | amukhamāpta eva varo'bhiprataḥ’ iti ( 6 |
43.1.5
9 | 1 ) niruktadarśiteva graṃtheti ‘tasya patyurasusamāptayogād vidhavā kathyate | yogaśca vadhūvarayāṃścatuthākarmaṇyeva bhavati na tu tataḥ prāk’ tathā coktam-gṛhyasūtreṣu-‘tāvubhau tatprabhṛti trirātramakṣāralavaṇāśinau brahmacāriṇau bhūmau saha śayīyātām || ūrddhaṃ trirātrātsambhavaḥ” iti | eva ca caturthīkarmaṇi kṣatatvaṃ na tataḥ prāk || tathā ca caturthīkarmaṇaḥ prāk tasyāḥ patigotrāya- grāhyā'nanyapūrvātvameva nirṇayate | tasyā vivāhe 'ananyapūrvvikām' ityanenāpi na virodhaḥ || tathāca smṛtayaḥ"vivāhe caiva nirvṛtte caturthe'hani rātriṣu | ekatvamāgatā bhartuḥ piṇḍe gotre ca sūtake || caturthīhomamantreṇa tvaṅmāṃsahṛdayendriyaiḥ | bhartrā saṃyujyate patnī tadgotrā tena sā bhavet || adbhirvācā ca dattāyāṃ mriyetordhvaṃ varo yadi | na ca mantropanītā syātkumārī pitureva sā || pāṇigrāhe mṛte bālā kevalaṃ mantrasaṃskṛtā | sā cedakṣatayoniḥ syātpunaḥ saṃskāramarhati || kanyaivākṣatayoniryā pāṇigrahaṇadūṣitā | punarbhaḥ prathamā nāma punaḥ saṃskāramarhati || deśadharmānavekṣya strī gurubhiryā pradīyate | utpannassahavā'nyasmai sā dvitīyā prakīrtitā || asatsu devareṣu strī bāndhavairyā pradīyate | savarṇāya sapiṇḍāya sā tṛtīyā prakīrtitā ||" 'asatsu devareṣu' ityanena 'devarasattve'nyasmai naiva deyā' iti vaidikadevaraśabdasya praśaṃsena sūcyate'yasyā mriyeta kanyāyā vācā satye kṛte patiḥ | tāmanena vidhānena nijo vindeta devaraḥ ||' vivāhottara caturtharātrau vadhūvarayoḥ sayogasaṃbhavo vihitaḥ |
43.1.6
tadanyathā'nupapattyā 'triṃśadvarṣo vaheta kanyāṃ hṛdyāṃ dvādaśavārṣikīm |' iti manūktavivāhakālāṅgīkāra eva sarvasmṛtigṛhyamavādaḥ | natvaṣṭavarṣādivivāhe | aṣṭavarṣāśabda ekaśeṣāṅgīkārastu rāmamiśrāṇāṃ prauḍhivādenaiva, ekaśeṣasūtrasthabhāṣyavirodhāt | 'tryaṣṭavarṣaḥ' ityatra triśabdoccāraṇavaiyarthyācca || nijadevarāsaṃbhavaṃ tu niruktopadarśitayogārtho'ṅgīkāryaḥ-tathā coktaṃ parāśareṇa'naṣṭe mṛte prabrajite klībe ca patite'patau | pañcasvāpatsu nārīṇāṃ patiranyo vidhīyate' atra cāmusamāptapadottarapadabhūtamamamāptapadalopaṃ 'apatau' ityatra niruktasaṃvādāṅgīkārāya samāsāṅgīkāre visrabdhāpi nirbādhaiveti tattvam || dākṣiṇātyamate tu pūrṇapratijñātamūlyālābhe kanyā dvitīyaṃ pūrṇamūlyadātāraṃ varamāśrayetaveti vaiśyādijātau vaiśyādivyabhicāriṇīṣu dṛśyata eva tādṛśo vyavahāraḥ | tatra kiṃ parokṣaṃ vyavahāranipuṇānāmiti dik || eva ca catasro gatayo vidhavānāṃ pratibhānti tatra patau prete brahmacāriṇī uttamā | brahmacarye sthātumasamarthā patimanugacchantī madhyamā | brahmacaryapatyanugamanayorasamarthā, punarbhūtvamaṅgīkurvatī adhamā| punarbhūtvamapyanaṅgīkurvatī vyabhicārajātagarbhādi niḥsārayantī bhrūṇahatyādidoṣādhikyād adhamādhamā || evaṃ caturvidhāsu vidhavāgatiṣu tisro gatīruttamamadhyamādhamā upadideśāyaṃ mantraḥ | na tvadhamādhamagati caturthīmiti sarvamanavadyam ||
Linked texts (1)
- Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit