Yāska's Nirukta 75

Ṛjvarthā (Niruktavṛtti) 75

Language: Sanskrit

75.2

"gātuḥ (55)"-iti | "vyākhyātaḥ" "gamanaṃ yajñapataye ( 4 |
21 | 2 )" ityatra |
4 |
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“tava̍ tya i̍ndra sa̱khye̍ṣu̱ vahna̍ya ṛ̱taṃ ma̍nvā̱nā vya̍da̱rdiru̱rbalam | yatrā̍ daśa̱syannu̱ṣaso̍ ri̱ṇanna̱paḥ kutsā̍ya̱ manma̍nnaha̱śca daṃsa̍yaḥ ||—(ṛ0 saṃ0 8, 7, 26, 1)” iti | aṅgirasayauruvasyeyāmārṣam | he 'indra' 'tava' 'tye' te 'vahnayaḥ' voḍhāro'śvāḥ, 'sakhyepu' samānakhyāneṣu karmasu varttamānāḥ, idameva hi bhavataḥ karma, megho vidārayitavya iti, etadeva teṣāmapi etat samānakhyānatvam | 'ṛtaṃ' udakamasminnestīti, evametaṃ 'manvānāḥ' | kimakurvan ? 'vyadardiruḥ' vidāritavantaḥ 'balaṃ' meghaṃ kālekāle | 'yatra' yasmin meghe vidārite 'daśasyan' daśasyanti 'uṣasaḥ' mādhyamikāḥ ekasyā eva pūjanārthe bahuvacanam| kiṃ daśasyan ? 'apaḥ' “ahnaḥ ca” ahinivāsinyaḥ, meghanivāsinīrityarthaḥ | tāśca dīryamāṇāḥ 'riṇan' āgacchan, pṛthivīlokam | tadetat sarvamapi yuṣmadaśvaiḥ kriyate | kaṃ punaḥpunarthamuddiśya ta evaṃ kurvanti ? 'manman' manyamānāḥ, “kutsāya” pṛthivīṃ kṛntate, kṛṣīvalāya, “daṃsayāḥ” kṛṣikarmāṇi saphalāni karttum | atra “daṃsayaḥ”—ityetena śabdena “karmāṇi” uktāni | dāsaiḥ karmakaraiḥ, 'dasyante'—iti kṛtvā karmakarā dāsā iti | bāhulyāda bhāṣyakāreṇa nigamo'tra nodāhṛtaḥ |
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75.4

“yasmai̱ tvaṃ mā̍ yaja̍se̱ sa sā̍dhatyanarvā kṣe̍ti̱ dadha̍te su̱vīrya̍m | sa tū̍tāva̱ naina̍maśnotyaṃha̍ti̱ragne̍ sa̱khye mā ri̍ṣāmāva̱yaṃ tava̍ || (ṛ0 saṃ0 1, 6, 3, 2)” iti || kutsasyeyāmārṣam | mahāvrate āgnimārute śastre jātavedasye sūkte śasyate | he bhagavan ! 'agne !' 'yasmai' yajamānāya 'tvam' 'ā' āhūya 'yajase' devān, hotṛtve'vasthitaḥ
‘saḥ’ eva ‘sādhati’ sādhayatyātmano'bhipretārtham | kiñca, sa eva ‘anarvā’ apratyṛtaḥ, anāśritaḥ kaścidanyam, svenaiva mahimnā yuktaḥ | ‘kṣeti’ nivasati, yuṣmadanugrahāt | sa eva ‘dadhate’ dhārayate ‘suvīryaṃ’ śobhanamātmano vīryam | “saḥ” eva “tūtāva” varddhate, prajādhanayaśobhiḥ, “na” ca “enam” “aṃhatiḥ” api pāpamapi sam “aśnoti” āpnoti | he bhagavannagne ! yaḥ tvamevamatimahānubhāvaḥ, tasya ‘tava’ ‘vayaṃ’ ‘sakhye’ sakhibhāve, paricaraṇakarmaṇi varttamānāḥ ‘mā riṣāma’ mā kenacicchidyemahi || evamayamātra tūtāva-iti śabdaḥ yasmai tvamā yajase-ityevamādīnāṃ padānāṃ madhye śrūyamāṇo vṛddhyartha upapadyate || “aṃhatiśca aṃhaśca aṃhuśca”-ityete śabdāḥ “hanteḥ” dhātoḥ “niruddhopadhāt viparītāt” akāramupadhātorniṃṣkṛṣyādau kṛtvā, tato hakāranakārau viparyayeṇa bhavataḥ |
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75.5

‘cayase ( 58 )”-ityetadanavagatam | ‘cātayasi” ityarthapratītiḥ || ‘’ye tvā̍ devo̱srika̍ṃ ma̱nyamā̍nāḥ pā̱pā bha̱dramu̍pa̱jīva̍nti pṛ̱ktāḥ | na dū̱ḍhye̍3 anu̍da̱dāsi̍ vā̱maṃ bṛha̍spate cayasa itpiyārum || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 2, 5, 12, 5 )”-iti || agastyasya maitrāvaruṇasyeyamarṣam | he “bṛhaspate !” ‘deva’ dānādiguṇayukta ! ‘ye’ yajamānāḥ ‘tvā’ tvām ‘usrikam’ utsrāviṇaṃ bhogānāṃ ‘manyamānāḥ’ dātaiva kevalaṃ bhogānām, ayamārjavena na pratyupakārārthītyeva manyamānāḥ, ‘pāpā’ apratyupacikīrṣavaḥ ‘upajīvanti’ eva kevalaṃ, na kriyayā pratyupakāraṃ kurvanti, ‘bhadraṃ’ vandanīyaṃ stutyam, api ca ‘pṛktāḥ’ prājitadhanāḥ santaḥ, na daridrāḥ | kiṃ tabhyaḥ ? iti-‘na dūḍhye’ na ( na ) nebhya evallakṣaṇebhyaḥ, durdhībhyaḥ, pāpabuddhibhyaḥ, svārthapradhānebhyaḥ tvam ‘anudadāsi’ ‘vāmaṃ’ vananīyaṃ dhanam ! kiṃ tarhi ? yastādṛśo jana. “piyāruḥ” “devapīyuḥ” devahiṃsitā, svabhogapradhānaḥ, na yaṣṭā devānām, ta ‘cayase” “cātayasi” nāśayasi | ya eva śraddhānāṃ yaṣṭā, tasmai devān yajate anudadāsi vāmam || yasmāt tvamevaṃ karoṣi, tasmāt na te pāpabuddhayaḥ tvāṃ samyak paśyantītyabhiprāyaḥ | yo hi durbuddhiḥ devapiyāruḥ tasya kimanyat cātanādṛte syāt ? cātya evāsau, tasmāt “cayase” ityeṣa śabdaḥ, ‘cātayatiḥ” nāṃśane ityevamavasthāpite nauśanāvau bhavatītyupapadyate || “vātapratīrnāśāne”–iti hi vakṣyati | loke'pi ca prasiddhaṃ deśāduccātita iti | tasmādupapadyate |
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75.6

“viyute ( 59 )”--ityetadekameva samastayordvayorapi dyāvāpṛthivyorabhidhānam | “viyavanāt”--iti nirvacanam | yautirmiśraṇārthaḥ ( adā0 pa0 ) tasyopasargasāmarthyādviparyayeṇārtho bhavati, vimiśrībhūte ityarthaḥ || “ime vai sahāstāṃ te śamyāmātraṃ vyaitāmiti ha vijñāyate” | “sa̱mānyā̍ vi̱yute̍ dū̱re ante dhruve pa̱de ta̍sthaturjāgṛ̱rūke̍ | u̱ta svasā̍rā yuva̱tī bhava̍ntī ādu̍ bruvāte mithu̱nāni̱ nāma̍ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 3, 3, 25, 2 )” iti || viśvāmitrasyeyamārṣam | vaiśvadeve sūkte | “samānyā” samānyāvete dyāvāpṛthivyau, samānaparimāṇe | “viyute” ca vimiśrībhūte | “dūre ante” ca, mahattvād dūre ante ca, na hi dyāvāpṛthivyorantopalabdhirasti | ‘dhruve pade’ saptamyekavacanam, antarikṣaviṣayam, dhruvaṃ śāśvatam, etasmin pade ādhārabhūte [antarakṣyaye] antarikṣasya kṣayo nāsti,pratidvandvathabhāvāt | tañcaitayordyāvāpṛthivyoḥ pratiṣṭhā, tasminnete ‘tasthatuḥ’ sthitavatyau | sargādārabhya ‘jāgarūke’ jāgaraṇaśīle, svaṃsvamadhikāraṃ prati | ‘uta’ api caite ‘svasārā’ svasārau bhaginyau, sahotpattitvāt | ‘yuvatī bhavantī’ sammiśrībhavantyau, parasparasambhogena | ‘ād u bruvāte mithunāni nāma’ iti | athaivamete viyute ca sammiśrībhūte ca satyau dyāvāpṛthivyau, bruvāte iva, prakathayata iva, stotṝṇāṃ nāma nāmāni, ātmanaḥ mithunāni dvivacanasambaddhāni stutināmāni;–“svadhe ( 1 ), purandhī ( 2 )”--ityevamādibhiriti|| evametasmin mantre “viyute”--ityasya padasya dyāvāpṛthivyorviśeṣaṇatvaḥ, dyāvāpṛthivīśabdaścātrādhyāhāryaḥ, “dūre ante”--ityevamādīnāṃ tathopapattidarśanāt |
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75.7

“ṛdhak (60)”—iti anekārtham | “ṛdhagiti pṛthagbhāvasya pravacanaṃ bhavati” pṛthaktvameva pṛthagbhāvaḥ, tasyedaṃ pravacanaṃ bhavati, so'nena procyata ityarthaḥ | “yadi̍ndra di̱vi pārye̱ yadṛ̍dha̱gyadvā̍ sve sada̍ne̱ yatra̱ vāsi̍ | ato̍ no ya̱jñamava̍se ni̱yutvā̍nsa̱joṣā̍: pāhi girvaṇo ma̱rudbhi̍ḥ || ( ṛ0 saṃ0 4, 7, 12, 5) ”—iti | bharadvājasyeyamārṣam | pṛṣṭhyasya pañcame'hani marutvatīye śastre nividdhānīye sūkte śasyate | he bhagavan ! 'indra !' 'yat' yadi tvaṃ 'divi' dyuloke 'pārye' pāraṇīye sthāne'vasthitaḥ, 'yadṛdhak' yadi ṛdhak pṛthag diva ityarthaḥ | 'yadvā' yadi vā 'sve sadane' antarikṣaloke'vasthitaḥ | 'yatra vāsi' kvacidanyatraiva sthāne'vasthitaḥ | ko hi tattvato veda, tava sthānaṃ yatrāsīti | kiṃ bahunā, yatrayatrāsi avasthitaḥ, 'ataḥ' tataḥ āgatya 'yajñam' 'avase' rakṣasi | tvaṃ 'niyutvān' vāyurbhūtvā | yastvamevamprabhāvaḥ, taṃ tvāṃ bravīmi,-he 'girvaṇaḥ' gīrbhiḥ sambhajita ! sa hi stutīḥ sambhajati, stutibhirvā sambhejyate, 'sajoṣāḥ' sahajòṣaṇaḥ sahaprītiḥ, 'marudbhiḥ' pibainaṃ somamasmatprattam | evameke pṛthagbhāvodāharaṇametāmṛcaṃ vyācakṣate || apare punarya evaiṣa bhāṣyakāreṇa nigamaḥ paṭhitaḥ,-"ṛdhagayā :"-iti, atraivaitau dvāvapyarthāviti manyante, tathāpi darśayiṣyāmastasyāmevarvi “athāpi” ayamevamṛdhagiti śabdaḥ kadācit "ṛdhnotyarthe” api “dṛśyate” tadyathā- "ṛdha̍gayā ṛdha̍gutāśa̍miṣṭhāḥ” ityasmin mantre | “vya̍dṛddhī tvā̍ praya̱ti ya̱jñe a̱smintsu̱me hotā̍ra̱mavṛ̍ṇīmahī̱ha | ṛdha̍gayā ṛdha̍gutāśa̍miṣṭhāḥ pra̱jānanya̱jñamupa̍yāhi vi̱dvānsvāhā̍ || (ya0 vā0 saṃ0 8, 20)” iti | samiṣṭayajuḥṣu saumikeṣu viniyuktā | tatra coktam, “ etau viśvāmitrau yajñasyāraṇī apaśyat ”- iti | he bhagavan ! 'agne !' yat prayojanamuddiśya
dya 'prayāsi' protsarpati 'asmin' 'yajñe' 'vayam' 'avṛṇīmahi' vṛtavantaḥ 'hotāraṃ' 'tvā' tvām | "agnirdevo daivyo hotā"- iti śrūyate | kiṃ punastat prayojanam ? iti | kathaṃ nāmālpamapyavadānamātraṃ hutaṃ devatāptitisamarthaṃ bahu kuryādaśāntamapi ca yad viguṇaṃ yajñasya kiñcit tacchamayitvā samṛddhameva kuryāt ? iti, taccobhayamapi yathāśāstramevāsmākaṃ tvayā kṛtam, ata idānīṃ parisamāpte etasmin yajñe pratyābhāṣyase asmābhiḥ,-“ṛdhagayāḥ" tvam, alpamapi hutam asmābhiḥ saddhaviḥ,ṛdhak eva ṛddhameva, devatāptitisamarthaṃ bahu kurvan ayāḥ tvaṃ yāgamakārṣīrityarthaḥ | kiñca, "ṛdhagutāśamiṣṭhāḥ” api ca yadapi kiñcidviguṇam akārṣma vayametasmin yajñe, tadapi sarvamevā samṛddhaṃ samṛddhaguṇameva kurvan pāpasya yajñasya aśamiṣṭhāḥ sviṣṭakṛdrūpeṇa śamitavānasi | yastvametadakārṣīrasmākametasmin yajñe, taṃ tvāṃ bravīmi,-etadeva mayaiteṣāṃ karttavyamityetat 'vidvān' 'prajānan' prakarṣeṇa jānan asmākamātmana upari bhaktiṃ punaḥpunaḥ 'upayāhi' upāgaccha 'yajñam' || evaṃ tāvadekeṣām "ṛdhagayāḥ, ṛdhagutāśamiṣṭhāḥ"- ityetau dvāvapi ṛdhakśabdau ṛdhnotyarthāveva || etasminnarthe, ṛdhakśabdasya pṛthagbhāvārthatve "yadi̍ndra divi pārye̱ yahṛdhu̍k” ityetadudāharaṇam ||
anye punarmanyante,-“ṛdhagayāḥ, ṛdhagutāśamiṣṭhāḥ”- ityetayoreva ṛdhakchabdayoḥ pūrvaḥ pṛthagbhāvārthaḥ, uttara ṛdhnotyartha iti | tadetadupapadyate, miśrāṇyapi havīṃṣi hutāni santi, tvamagne ṛdhak pṛthageva kṛtvā tato devānayākṣīrna te saṃmoho'stītyabhiprāyaḥ | 'ṛdhagutā śamiṣṭhāḥ"-ityeṣa yathāvyākhyāta eva| pūrvastvarthaḥ sādhīyān, yatra dvāvapyetāvṛdhnotyarthāveva,"ṛdhagayāḥ"“ṛdhagutāśamiṣṭhāḥ"-iti|kiṃkāraṇam?“athāpyṛdhrātyarthe dṛśyate”-iti evamupanyasya bhāṣyakāreṇa tato'yamupātto nigamaḥ,–“ṛ̱dhaga̍yā ṛ̱dhagu̱tāśa̍miṣṭhāḥ”-iti| evañca niruktam–“na punaḥ pṛthakkuryānna yākṣīḥ ṛdhnuvannayākṣīrṛdhnuvannaśamiṣṭhāḥ”iti | tasmāt dvāvapyetāvṛdhnotyarthāvityetadeva sādhīyaḥ |
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Linked texts (1)

Nirukta — Yāska, Sanskrit