一切經音義 32
English (machine translation) 32
- Language
- English
32.1
Compiled by the scripture-translating Śramaṇa Huilin
32.2
Sūtra on the Fundamental Vows of the Tathāgata Bhaiṣajyaguru, 1 fascicle — None
Sūtra on the Merits of the Lapislazuli Bhaiṣajyaguru, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sūtra on the Seven Buddhas of Bhaiṣajyaguru, 2 fascicles — Huilin
Sūtra on King Ajātaśatru, 2 fascicles — Xuanying
Sūtra on the Samādhi of Universal Transcendence, 3 fascicles — Xuanying
Sūtra on Releasing the Bowl, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Candrapradīpa-samādhi-sūtra, 11 fascicles — Xuanying
Sūtra on the Great Pure Dharma Door, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sūtra on the Great Adornment Dharma Door, 2 fascicles — Xuanying
Candrapradīpa-samādhi-sūtra, 1 fascicle — None
Sūtra on the Practice of Bodhisattvas, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sūtra on Having No Desires, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sūtra on the Elephant's Armpit, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Sūtra on the Adorned Realm of the Tathāgata, 2 fascicles — Huilin
Sūtra on the Wisdom-Adornment Crossing over All Buddhas, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Newly Translated Mañjuśrī's Forty Obeisances in Praise of the Buddha's Dharmakāya, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sūtra on Contemplating the Two Bodhisattvas Bhaiṣajyarāja and Bhaiṣajyasamudgata, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sūtra on the Contemplation of the Buddha of Immeasurable Life, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Sūtra on Amitāyus, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Later-Translated Verses on Amitābha, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sūtra in Praise of the Pure Land, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sūtra on the Bodhisattva Bhadrapāla, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Sūtra on the Essential Assembly of All Buddhas, 3 fascicles — Xuanying
Sūtra on Unprecedented Causes and Conditions, 2 fascicles — Xuanying
Sūtra on Śrīgupta, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Sūtra on the Net of Jewels, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Sūtra on Maitreya's Attainment of Buddhahood, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Sūtra on the Contemplation of Maitreya's Rebirth Above, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sūtra on the Coming of Maitreya, 1 fascicle — Xuanying
Sūtra on Maitreya's Descent, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sūtra on Maitreya's Descent and Attainment of Buddhahood, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sūtra on the Valiant King of All Dharmas, 1 fascicle — Huilin
Sūtra on the Lofty King of All Dharmas, 1 fascicle
Sūtra on the Supreme Victor of the Ultimate Truth, 1 fascicle
Sūtra of Questions by the Ṛṣi Great Lamp-Light of Awe, 1 fascicle
Sūtra on Complying with Expedient Means, 2 fascicles
Sūtra on Joyous Adornment with Necklaces, 1 fascicle
The above thirty-seven sūtras in fifty-seven fascicles share the phonetic glosses of this fascicle.
32.3
The Buddha Speaks the Sūtra on the Fundamental Vows of the Tathāgata Bhaiṣajyaguru (translated by the Tripiṭaka Master Dharmagupta; all difficult characters are phonetically glossed and explained together in a later fascicle).
32.4
Sūtra on the Merits of the Fundamental Vows of the Tathāgata Bhaiṣajyaguru-vaiḍūryaprabha
32.5
Phonetics by Huilin
32.6
曼殊室利 (upper: *mat* + *bwan* [màn]: Sanskrit; in the Tang language, it means 'Wondrous Auspiciousness' [Mañjuśrī]).
32.7
偏袒 (upper: *pʰit* + *mjen* [piān], lower: *dan* + *lan* [tǎn]: Already explained previously in the lower fascicle of the *Sarvadharmanapravṛtti-nirdeśa*).
32.8
銷除 (upper: *sjew* + *tsjew* [xiāo]: The *Liji* says: '銷 is like dispersing.' The *Chuci* says: 'Melted away and entirely ruined.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'To melt metal; follows the metal radical with the phonetic *xiāo* (肖).' It is also written as 焇).
32.9
瑕薉 (upper: *hæ* + *kæ* [xiá]: The *Liji* says: 'Flaw (瑕) is a defect in jade.' The *Guangya* says: 'A fissure; also filth.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'A small reddish spot in jade; follows the jade radical with the phonetic *jiǎ* (叚).' Lower: pronounced *huì* [wèi]: Gu Yewang says: '薉 means unclean.' Wang [Yi]'s commentary on the *Chuci* says: 'Bad.' The *Guangya* says: 'Overgrown.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Follows the grass radical with the phonetic *suì* (歲).' The sūtra writes 穢, which is also interchangeable).
32.10
缺戒 (upper: *kʰwen* + *ywets* [quē]: Also written as 𡙇; already glossed and explained previously in the preface to the *Ghanavyūha-sūtra*).
32.11
醜陋 (upper: *tsyʰuwng* + *tsyuw* [chǒu]: The commentary on the Mao *Classic of Poetry* says: 'Vile; also numerous.' Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the *Liji* says: 'Kind.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Follows the ghost radical with the phonetic *yǒu* (酉).' Lower: *luw* + *duw* [lòu]: The *Kaosheng* says: '陋 means base; also ugly, vulgar, and bad.' Gu Yewang says: '陋 means wretched.' The *Erya* says: 'Concealed.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Follows the mound radical with the phonetic *lǒu* (㔷)').
32.12
頑愚 (upper: *ngu* + *kwan* [wán]: The *Kaosheng* says: '頑 means stupid.' The *Guangya* says: 'Blunt.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Follows the head radical with the phonetic *yuán* (元)').
32.13
攀躄 (upper: *ljet* + *drjwen* [luán]: The *Shenglei* says: 'A crippling disease.' Also, Gu Yewang says: 'It refers to an affliction where the body is curled and contracted.' The *Kaosheng* says: 'A disease of the hands and feet.' Also written as 臠. The *Gujin zhengzi* says: 'Follows the illness radical with the phonetic *luán* (䜌).' The sūtra writes 攣, which is also interchangeable. Lower: *pæng* + *pʰjiek* [bì]: The *Kaosheng* says: 'Withered feet unable to walk.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Unable to walk; follows the foot-stopping radical with the phonetic *pì* (辟).' The sūtra writes it with the foot radical (躄), which is also interchangeable).
32.14
𰮔僂 (upper: *puw* + *mwoj* [bèi]: The *Shuowen jiezi* says: '𰮔 means the back; follows the flesh radical and the radical *bǐ* (比).' Lower: *lik* + *tsyu* [lǚ]: The *Kaosheng* says: '傴僂 means bent over and hunched.' Du [Yu]'s commentary on the *Zuo tradition* says: '僂 means hunched above.' The *Guangya* says: 'Bent.' He [Xiu]'s commentary on the *Gongyang tradition* says: 'Affliction.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Deformed; follows the person radical with the phonetic *lóu* (婁)').
32.15
白癩 (lower: *laj* + *taj* [lài]: The *Wenji jilüe* says: '癩 is an affliction.' The *Shuowen jiezi* writes it as 厲, meaning a noxious pestilence. The *Wenzidian shuo* says: 'Follows the illness radical with the phonetic *lài* (賴)').
32.16
癲狂 (upper: *ten* + *nen* [diān]: The *Kaosheng* says: '癲 is an affliction.' The *Guangya* says: 'Mad.' The *Shenglei* says: 'Wind illness.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Follows the illness radical with the phonetic *zhēn* (真).' The sūtra writes 癲, which is a popular variant).
32.17
黠慧 (upper: *hæn* + *ɣæt* [xiá]: The *Kaosheng* says: '黠 means sharp.' The *Fangyan* says: 'It also means intelligent.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Follows the black radical with the phonetic *jí* (吉)').
32.18
完具 (upper: *hwot* + *kwan* [wán]: The *Zuo tradition* says: '完 means fully defensive and prepared.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Whole; follows the roof radical with the phonetic *yuán* (元); roof (宀) is pronounced *mián*').
32.19
羂冈 (upper: *kwet* + *yen* [juàn]: The *Kaosheng* says: '罥 means to catch things using a rope.' The *Wenzidian shuo* says: 'Follows the net radical with the phonetic *xuān* (𰮄).' The sūtra writes 羂, which is identical. Lower: *mwang* + *pjang* [wǎng]: Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the *Liji* says: 'A bird net is called a 冈.' Gu Yewang says: '冈 is the collective term for traps and nets.' The *Yijing* says: 'In ancient times, Baoxi knotted ropes to make traps and nets, teaching the people to hunt and fish.' The *Wenzidian shuo* says: 'It follows the radical 冂, depicting below it the intersecting lines of a net').
32.20
稠林 (upper: *drjuwk* + *ljuw* [chóu]: The *Cang Jie pian* says: '稠 means dense.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: '稠 means numerous; follows the grain radical with the phonetic *zhōu* (周)').
32.21
鞭撻 (upper: *pet* + *mjen* [biān]: The *Kaosheng* says: 'To whip and strike.' The *Book of Documents* says: 'The whip was made the official punishment.' Fan Ning says: 'It was the punishment for being disrespectful in carrying out duties in office.' Gu Yewang says: 'Using a switch of plants to beat criminals; follows the leather radical with the phonetic *biàn* (便).' Lower: *tʰan* + *hong* [tà]: The *Kaosheng* says: '撻 also means to whip.' Kong [Anguo]'s commentary on the *Book of Documents* says: '撻 means to flog and beat.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Follows the hand radical with the phonetic *dá* (達)').
32.22
蚊蝱 (upper: *mjut* + *pjun* [wén]: The *Zitong* says: 'The mosquito is a flying insect that bites people, coming out at dusk.' The *Shuowen jiezi* also says: 'A flying insect that bites people.' Also written as 蟁, following the double-insect radical with the phonetic *mín* (民). The sūtra writes 蚊, which is a popular variant. Lower: *mæwng* + *bæwng* [méng]: The *Shenglei* says: 'The gadfly resembles a fly but is larger.' The *Shuowen jiezi* also says: 'A large flying insect that bites people; follows the double-insect radical with the phonetic *zhǐ* (止); the double-insect radical (䖵) is pronounced *kūn*').
32.23
所翫 (lower: *ngu* + *kwan* [wàn]: Du [Yu]'s commentary on the *Zuo tradition* says: '翫 means to become accustomed to.' The *Jixun* says: 'To be habituated to an affair and treat it with neglect is called 翫.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'To be satiated with; also to play with; follows the feather-learning radical with the phonetic *yuán* (元)').
32.24
軒牕 (upper: *xjen* + *ngjen* [xuān]: The *Kaosheng* says: '軒 means the eaves in front.' The *Chuci* says: 'High halls with wide chambers, balustrades and tiered railings (軒); 軒 is like elevated balconies.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Follows the carriage radical with the phonetic *gān* (干).' Lower: *tshrawk* + *sræwng* [chuāng]; 齪 is pronounced as the fanqie of *chuāng* and *zhuō*: The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'In a wall it is called a lattice window (牖); in a house it is called a window (牕).' The *Gujin zhengzi* says: 'Follows the wood-splinter radical with the phonetic *cōng* (悤)').
32.25
覆蔽 (upper: *pʰjang* + *mju* [fù]: Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the *Guoyu* says: '覆 means to cover over; also to shade.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'To overturn; follows the radical 西 over 復; 覂 is pronounced *fēng* + *fèng*').
32.26
嫉妬 (upper: *dzin* + *sit* [jí]: A popular character. Lower: *tu* + *ku* [dù]: Correctly written with the door radical as 妒. Wang [Yi]'s commentary on the *Chuci* says: 'Grudging talent is called 嫉; grudging beauty is called 妒.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Both follow the female radical and are phono-semantic compound characters').
32.27
劇苦 (upper: *kjaeng* + *ngjaek* [jù]: Gu Yewang says: '劇 means extreme, meaning even worse than before.' The *Cang Jie pian* says: 'An illness becoming severe; it also means to increase and intensify.' The *Gujin zhengzi* says: 'Follows the knife radical with the phonetic *jù* (豦)').
32.28
無明[愨-心+卵] (lower: *kʰaewng* + *kaewk* [què]: The *Kaosheng* says: '㲉 is the empty shell of an egg.' The character dictionaries say: 'An egg already hatched is a 㲉.' The *Guiyuan zhucun* says: 'The hatched shell is the outer skin of a bird's egg.' The *Wenzidian shuo* says: 'Follows the egg radical with the phonetic *qiào* (𣪊)').
32.29
邏剎娑 (upper: *la* + *ha* [luó]: Sanskrit [rākṣasa]; the general name for evil man-eating ghosts. The sūtra writes 還, which is a scribal error).
32.30
呪詛 (upper: *tsyuw* + *bju* [zhòu]: A popular character; correctly written with the speech radical as 詶. The *Shuowen jiezi* says: '詶 also means to curse; follows the speech radical with the phonetic *zhōu* (州).' Lower: *tsrjo* + *tsrjo* [zǔ]: Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary on the *Rites of Zhou* says: 'Making covenants and curses at sworn agreements: a great matter is called a covenant (盟); a small matter is called a curse (詛).' The *Book of Documents* says: '詛祝 means to revile and curse.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Follows the speech radical with the phonetic *qiě* (且).' The sūtra writes it with the mouth radical as 咀, which is a popular variant usage; having been transmitted and used for a long time, it is preserved here).
32.31
蠱道 (pronounced *gǔ*: The *Zuo tradition* says: 'Vessels harboring worms make 蠱; it is what is generated at the dark and full moons.' The *Shuowen jiezi* also says: 'Pestilential worms in the belly; follows the worm radical over the vessel radical, which is also phonetic').
32.32
懸險 (upper: *hwet* + *kwen* [xuán], lower: *xij* + *kjem* [xiǎn]: Gu Yewang says: '險 means difficult; also obstructed.' Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the *Guoyu* says: 'Perilous.' The *Fangyan* says: 'High.' The *Guangya* says: 'Oblique.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Follows the mound radical with the phonetic *qiān* (僉).' The sūtra writes 嶮, which is incorrect).
32.33
熊羆 (upper: *hju* + *gjuwng* [xióng], lower: *pæ* + *pje* [pí]: Already explained previously in the lower fascicle of the *Ghanavyūha-sūtra*).
32.34
蚰蜒 (upper: *yəw* + *tsyuw* [yóu], lower: *yen* + *sjen* [yán]: The *Kaosheng* says: '蚰蜒 is the name of an insect (centipede/house centipede).' The *Fangyan* says: 'From the Pass eastward it is called 螾蜒; west of the Pass it is called 蚰蜒; in Northern Yan it is called 祝蜒.' The *Wenzidian shuo* says: 'Both characters follow the insect radical with *yóu* (由) and *yán* (延) as phonetics').
32.35
羸瘦 (upper: *lwij* + *ngjwe* [léi]: Du [Yu]'s commentary on the *Zuo tradition* says: '羸 means weak.' Jia [Kui]'s commentary on the *Guoyu* says: 'Diseased.' The *Huainanzi* says: 'Feeble.' Character dictionaries say: 'Fatigued.' The *Shuowen jiezi* also says: 'Emaciated; follows the sheep radical with the phonetic 𣎆; 𣎆 is pronounced *lì* + *wò*').
32.36
乾燥 (lower: *sak* + *tsaw* [zào]: The *Book of Changes* says: 'Water flows toward the damp; fire goes toward the parched (燥),' which is this. Also, the *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Also means dry; follows the fire radical with the phonetic *zào* (喿); 喿 is pronounced with the fanqie of *cāo* and *zào*').
32.37
磔手 (upper: *trjaeng* + *kɛk* [zhé]: The *Guangya* says: '磔 means to stretch out; to spread open.' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Follows the radical 𱣎 with the phonetic *shí* (石); 𱣎 is pronounced *gān* + *liè*.' The sūtra writes it with the hand radical as [打-丁+(桀-夕+(舛-夕))], which is an erroneous variant character).
32.38
薄蝕 (lower: *zying* + *tsyik* [shí]: The *Kaosheng* says: 'To encroach upon; an eclipse of the sun or moon is also a gradual encroachment.' The *Spring and Autumn Annals* says: 'The sun underwent an eclipse (𧐂).' The *Shuowen jiezi* says: 'Follows the insect radical and the radical *sì* (飤); 飤 is pronounced *sì*').
32.39
Medicine (醫藥: the upper character has the fanqie 於其 [yī]. The Guangya states: "A physician (醫) is a shaman-healer (巫)." The Lüshi chunqiu states: "Shaman Peng invented medicine." The Zhouli states: "The Chief Physician takes charge of the administrative orders concerning medicine." It also says: "Physicians take charge of treating the illnesses of the myriad people." The Kaosheng states: "One who cures sick people; [also means] an intention (意). In curing illness, one must use liquor, hence the character takes 酉 [liquor]." The Shuowen states: "A master of curing illnesses. Derived from 酉, with 殹 as phonetic; 殹 has the fanqie 烏計 [yì]").
32.40
Monstrous afflictions (妖蠥: the upper character has the fanqie 於驕 [yāo]; the lower character has the fanqie 彥列 [niè]. Already glossed and explained previously in Fascicle 12 of the Great Consecration Sūtra).
32.41
Hunting (畋獵: the upper character has the sound 田 [tián]. The Zhouli states: "畋 is also hunting." The Shuowen states: "To level the fields. Derived from 攴, with 田 as phonetic; the character is also written 𤝗. 攴 has the fanqie 普卜 [pū]". The lower character has the fanqie 廉輙 [liè]. The Kaosheng states: "Hunting dogs chasing wild beasts; nowadays pursuing wild beasts is called hunting (獵)." Zheng's Commentary on the Mao Poetry states: "Clearing the fields in order is called hunting (獵)." Also his commentary on the Yili states: "Hitting the target with an arrow is shooting (射); hitting from the side is hunting (獵)." The Fangyan states: "Trampling down in a hunt is violent and cruel." The Shuowen states: "Derived from 犬, with [(臘-月)-囗+ㄇ] as phonetic; [(臘-月)-囗+ㄇ] has the same sound as above").
32.42
Sport and amusement (嬉戲: the upper character has the fanqie 喜其 [xī]. The Cangjie pian states: "It also means joking and laughing." The Kaosheng states: "To play and enjoy oneself." The Shuowen states: "Delight. Derived from 女, with 喜 as phonetic." The lower character has the fanqie 羲義 [xì]. The Mao Commentary states: "Amusement means leisure and pleasure." The Erya states: "'Jesting, laughing, and bantering' is this." The Shiji states: "The Son of Heaven does not speak in jest." The Shuowen states: "Derived from 戈, with 䖒 as phonetic; 䖒 is pronounced 希 [xī], and is the standard form of the character. When written with 虛 in the sūtras as 戱, it is a vulgar variant").
32.43
Mountain precipice (山崖: the lower character has the fanqie 五皆 [yái]. The Kaosheng states: "A precipice (崖) is a steep shore bordering mountain clefts." The Shuoyuan states: "High mountains have precipices." The Shuowen states: "A high border. Derived from 尸, with 佳 abbreviated as phonetic. 尸 has the fanqie 五割 [yà]").
32.44
Sūtra on the Merits of the Fundamental Vows of the Seven Buddhas of Lapis Lazuli Radiance, Medicine Master, Upper Fascicle (Translated by Tripiṭaka Master Yijing; Glossed by Huilin)
32.45
Ganges river sands (弶伽河沙: the first character has the fanqie 強等 [qiáng]. Sanskrit; the name of a river in the Western Regions [Gaṅgā]).
32.46
Yojana (踰繕那: the upper character has the fanqie 庾珠 [yú]. Sanskrit [yojana]; its writing as 蹹 in the text of the sūtra is an error).
32.47
Merchants and traders (商賈: the upper character has the fanqie 賞章 [shāng]. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli states: "Traveling is called 商; remaining settled is called 賈." Zheng's commentary on the Kaogong ji also states: "A 商 is a traveling merchant. The Kaosheng states: "A 商 is an itinerant trader." The Shuowen states: "To trade on the move. Derived from 貝, with 商 abbreviated as phonetic." The lower character has the fanqie 姑戶 [gǔ]. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli states: "Circulating goods is called 商; residing and selling is called 賈." The Zuozhuan states: "賈 means to buy." The Erya states: "It means a market." The Shuowen states: "Sitting and selling goods. Derived from 貝, with 襾 [or 西] as phonetic. Its writing as 估 in the sūtra is incorrect").
32.48
Conception and pregnancy (布娠: the lower character has the fanqie 真刃 [zhèn]. The Mao Commentary states: "娠 means movement." The Sub-commentary explains: "Movement refers to being pregnant." The Kaosheng states: "Pregnant (妊㑗); to move, meaning the movement of the fetus when about to give birth." The Shuowen states: "A woman bearing a body that moves. Derived from 女, with 辰 as phonetic; the character is also written 𡝌. Its writing as 㛛 in the sūtra is a common vulgar form").
32.49
Enmity and rift (讎隙: the upper character has the fanqie 受周 [chóu]. The Mao Poetry states: "Enmity (讎) means detesting me." Gu Yewang states: "Resentment and grudge; it also means an adversary (仇)." The Shangshu states: "Those who are gentle to us are our sovereign; those who oppress us are our enemy (讎)." The Liji states: "With the slayer of one's father or mother, one cannot share the same sky; with the slayer of one's brother, one does not need to return for weapons [before taking vengeance]; with the slayer of a friend, one does not live in the same state." The Shuowen states: "Derived from 言, with 雔 as phonetic; 雔 has the same sound as above." The lower character has the fanqie 卿逆 [xì]. Gu Yewang states: "A rift (隙) is the cause of resentment and grudge." Jia's commentary on the Guoyu states: "A rift (隙) is a grievance (釁)." The Shuowen states: "Derived from 𠂤, with 𡭽 as phonetic; 𡭽 has the same sound as above").
32.50
Harassing and perturbing (嬈亂: the upper character has the fanqie 溺鳥 [niǎo]. The Shuowen states: "嬈 means vexatious; harsh. Another definition is to disturb and make sport of. Derived from 女, with 堯 as phonetic; the character is also written 嬲. 苛 has the pronunciation 何 [hé]").
32.51
Diffusing fragrance (芬馥: the upper character has the fanqie 忿雲 [fēn]. The Mao Sub-commentary states: "Abundantly fragrant." Guo's commentary on the Fangyan states: "Harmonious and balanced." The Shuowen states: "Derived from 艸, with 分 as phonetic." The lower character has the fanqie 馮福 [fù]. The Mao Commentary states: "Fragrant appearance." The Shuowen states: "Derived from 香, with 复 as phonetic; 复 has the same sound as above").
32.52
Soaring roof-ridges (飛甍: the lower character has the fanqie 麥耕 [méng]. Du's commentary on the Zuozhuan states: "A 甍 is the ridgepole of a building." The Shuowen states: "Derived from 瓦, with 夢 abbreviated as phonetic").
32.53
Doors and lattice windows (戶牖: has the fanqie 油酒 [yǒu]. The Shuowen states: "A 牖 is an opening cut through a wall with crossed wooden slats to make a lattice window. Derived from 片, with 戶 and 甫 as phonetic").
32.54
Profuse and fluttering (繽紛: the upper character has the fanqie 疋賓 [pīn]; the lower character has the fanqie 忿文 [fēn]. The Guangya states: "繽紛 means numerous; chaotic." The Han Poetry states: "The appearance of coming and going." Wang's commentary on the Chuci states: "An appearance of abundance." The Wenzi dian-shuo states: "Derived from 糸, with 賓 and 分 as phonetics").
32.55
Sūtra on the Merits of the Fundamental Vows of the Seven Buddhas of Lapis Lazuli Radiance, Medicine Master, Lower Fascicle
32.56
Camels and donkeys (駝驢: the upper character has the fanqie 鐸河 [tuó]. Glossed previously in the lower fascicle of the Ghanavyūha-sūtra).
32.57
Gnash the teeth (嚼齒: the upper character has the fanqie 匠爵 [jiáo]. Gu Yewang states: "嚼 is identical to 噍 [to chew]." The Zishu states: "To masticate (咀)." The Shuowen states: "Taken as the character 噍. Derived from 口, with 爵 as phonetic." 噍 has the fanqie 樵笑 [jiào]; 咀 has the fanqie 才與 [jǔ]).
32.58
Anila (頞儞羅: the upper character has the fanqie 安葛 [à]. Sanskrit; the name of one of the twelve yakṣa generals).
32.59
Just as [he] entered (纔入: the upper character has the fanqie 在來 [cái]. The Kaosheng states: "纔 means temporarily." The Dongguan Hanji states: "It means capable." Derived from 糸, with [毚-、] as phonetic; [毚-、] has the fanqie 仕咸 [chán]).
32.60
Ajātaśatrukaukṛtyavinodana-sūtra, Upper Fascicle
32.61
[Glossed by] Xuanying
32.62
Ayu (阿俞: has the fanqie 翼珠 [yú]).
32.63
Jiusu (鳩遬: has the fanqie 蘇穀 [sù]; both are names of bhikṣus).
32.64
Oṃ-da (唵嗒: has the fanqie 烏感 [ǎn]; the lower character has the fanqie 他荅 [tà]).
32.65
Pidi (仳低: has the fanqie 疋視 [pǐ]; the name of a samādhi. According to the character's definition, 仳 means to separate; 仳倠 (許維 [xū]) means an ugly countenance).
32.66
Ajātaśatrukaukṛtyavinodana-sūtra, Lower Fascicle
32.67
Earthen mound (之垛: has the fanqie 徒果 [duǒ], meaning an earthen bench/platform. The Zuanwen states: "People of Wu call accumulated earth a 垛." The Gujin zhengzi states: "A platform or terrace. Derived from 土, with 朵 as phonetic; 朵 has the fanqie 丁果 [duǒ]").
32.68
Running frantically (犇走: ancient form 𩦥; now written 奔, both with the fanqie 補門 [bēn]; to run rapidly. The Shiming states: "奔 means a crisis (變); when there is an urgent crisis, one rushes frantically (奔赴)").
32.69
Golden lancet (金鈚: also written in the two forms 錍 and 鎞, both with the fanqie 普啼 [pī]; the name of an eye-scraper).
32.70
Sūtra of the Samādhi of Universal Transcendence, Upper Fascicle
32.71
Pronunciations by Xuanying
32.72
Wuqi (無圻: has the two fanqie 魚斤 [yín] and 巨機 [qí]; the name of a bodhisattva. In the sūtra text it is written with the water radical as 沂, pronounced with the fanqie 魚衣 [yí]).
32.73
Covetous yearning (歆慕: has the fanqie 許金 [xīn]. The Shijing says: "Do not be covetous and envious like that." The Commentary states: "Covetous and envious (歆羨) means greedily coveting." The Guoyu says: "The people yearned for it and obtained it." Jia Kui states: "歆 means covetousness").
32.74
Sighing deeply (喟而: also written [(├/(同-(一/口)+(共-八)))*又], both with the fanqie 口恠 [kuài] and 口愧 [kuì]. The Shuowen states: "喟 means a long exhalation; the sound of sighing").
32.75
Resonant and solid (鏗然: also written in the two forms [木*身] and 䡩, both with the fanqie 口耕 [kēng]. The Guangya states: "䡩䡩 means firm and upright").
32.76
Drought demon (大魃: has the fanqie 蒲末 [bá]).
32.77
Swiftly (儵忽: also written in the two forms 倐 and 𨁀, both with the fanqie 書育 [shù]; the appearance of extreme speed).
32.78
Sūtra of the Samādhi of Universal Transcendence, Middle Fascicle
32.79
Fear and trepidation (怵惕: has the fanqie 勑律 [chù]; the lower character is also written 悐, both with the fanqie 他狄 [tì]. 怵惕 means terrified and fearful).
32.80
Not tasting [sacrificial vapors] (不歆: the lower character has the fanqie 許金 [xīn]. The Zilin states: "Spirits partaking of the odors of offerings; making sacrifices to ghosts and spirits").
32.81
All enjoy (皆享: has the fanqie 虛掌 [xiǎng]; means to enjoy/receive; also means to take up/undertake).
32.82
Awed and terrified (震懾: written in the Shenglei as 㒤, both with the fanqie 止葉 [zhé]. The Guangya states: "懾 means fearful").
32.83
Vanish into vastness (𣴭滅: has the fanqie 莫荒[máng]; the appearance of vast and distant extent. In the sūtra text, it is also written as [日*(荒-亡+(└@人))], with the fanqie 呼晃 [huǎng]).
32.84
Verify precisely (精覈: also written 𩅢, now written 核, all with the fanqie 胡革 [hé]. The Shuowen states: "To investigate actual affairs; it also means to examine and verify").
32.85
Three Baskets (三篋: has the fanqie 苦協 [qiè]; refers to the śrāvaka, pratyekabuddha, and bodhisattva as three).
32.86
Not yet verified (未孚: has the fanqie 缶于 [fú]. The Zilin states: "孚 means trust/confidence; it also means to bring forth").
32.87
Imposing and grand (堂堂: in the Hanshu, Ding Dai states: "堂堂 means an appearance of height and grandeur").
32.88
Wufen (無棼: has the fanqie 扶雲 [fén]; the name of a nāga king. According to the character's definition, 棼 means the ridgepole of a building).
32.89
Sūtra of the Samādhi of Universal Transcendence, Lower Fascicle
32.90
Four doorposts (四植: has the fanqie 直吏 [zhì], meaning pillars. The Sancang states: "Pillars beside a door are called 植; 植 also means posts for hanging blinds").
32.91
Sūtra on the Release of the Alms Bowl, One Fascicle
32.92
Pronunciations by Xuanying
32.93
Ruotou (若頭: the upper character has the two fanqie 而者 [rě] and 穰灼 [ruò]. Sanskrit; the name of a Buddha field. It is also written 惹; in the sūtra it is written 偌, which is a vulgar character).
32.94
Candrapradīpa-samādhi-sūtra, Fascicle 1
32.95
Pronunciations by Xuanying
32.96
Without error (無爽: has the fanqie 所兩 [shuǎng]. The Erya states: "爽 means error, difference, meaning not identical or not aligned").
32.97
Intermingling with (糅以: ancient forms 粗 and䏔, both with the fanqie 女救 [ròu]. The Shuowen states: "Mixed cooked rice is called 糅").
32.98
Candrapradīpa-samādhi-sūtra, Fascicle 2
32.99
如牓 ("like a placard"; [牓 is] be-mang fan: a notice-board; it means posting a placard to make clear one's good or evil to display to people. The sūtra text writes it with the wood radical as 榜, bu-mang fan, which refers to a support for bows and crossbows; 榜 is not used here with this meaning. 牌 is bu-jie fan).
32.100
Candrapradīpa-samādhi-sūtra, Fascicle Three
32.101
剜身 ("gouging the body"; [剜 is] wu-huan fan; the Picang says: '[剜] means scraping; it refers to scooping out flesh').
32.102
鼛[鼖-壴+豈] ("large drums and giant war-drums"; [鼛 is] gong-lao fan; 鼛 is a large drum; the Kaogongji says: 'The gao drum is six chi and four cun long'; the commentary says: 'The gao drum is used to summon for corvée service.' The following character is also written 䩿, same, fu-yun fan; the Erya says: 'A large drum is called a fen'; Guo Pu says: 'It is eight chi long').
32.103
雷霆 ("thunder and lightning-bolt"; [霆 has] three sounds: ding, ting, and ting; the Erya says: 'Violent thunder is called ting-ni'; the Cang Jie pian says: '[It means] a crack of thunder'; the Shuowen says: 'The reverberating sound of thunder, that by which all things shoot forth; ting also means lightning'; the Shuowen says: 'A zheng is a nao bell; it resembles a hand-bell, with a hollow handle running through from top to bottom').
32.104
諸鼙 ("various hand-drums"; [鼙 is] pu-ji fan: a small drum, also a mounted-cavalry drum).
32.105
簫筑 ("panpipes and zhu zithers"; [筑 is] zhi-liu fan; shaped like a zheng zither, its head is carved and held in the hand, and one strikes [the strings] with the head, hence it is called a zhu).
32.106
𪝥德 ("scholarly virtue"; [𪝥 is] er-ju fan; the Shuowen says: '𪝥 means gentle; it is a designation for scholars skilled in arts').
32.107
Candrapradīpa-samādhi-sūtra, Fascicles Four, Five, and Six (the above three fascicles were previously not glossed for sounds).
32.108
Candrapradīpa-samādhi-sūtra, Fascicle Seven
32.109
入匣 ("entering the scabbard"; now written 狎, same, hu-jia fan; the Shuowen says: 'A xia is a chest; it refers to that which holds knives and swords').
32.110
棲泊 ("roosting and mooring"; [泊 is] pu-ge fan; 泊 means to halt; nowadays, a boat halting is called qi-bo).
32.111
激切 ("impassioned and sharp"; [激 is] gong-de fan; 激 means to arouse or stir; the Shuowen says: 'Swift and surging water is called ji').
32.112
狡猾 ("crafty and cunning"; [狡 is] gu-mao fan; the following character [猾] is hu-gua fan; the Fangyan says: 'Whenever small children are full of deceit, it is called jiaohua').
32.113
Candrapradīpa-samādhi-sūtra, Fascicle Eight
32.114
臺榭 ("terraces and open pavilions"; [榭 is] ci-ye fan; the Erya says: 'A terrace with wood [i.e., a structure on it] is called a xie'; Guo Pu says: 'Constructing a building upon a terrace').
32.115
廊廡 ("verandas and corridors"; the Zhou seal script writes 𢋑, same, pronounced wu: guest quarters; the Shuowen says: 'The surrounding covered walkways below the main hall'; the Shiming says: 'A large building is called a wu; the people of You and Ji call it an ya', wu-xia fan).
32.116
詹波 ("campaka"; zhi-yan fan; also written 占波 or 占婆; that is, the campaka flower; translated as 'golden-coloured flower'; the Mahāprajñāpāramitā-śāstra says: 'a tree with yellow flowers').
32.117
Candrapradīpa-samādhi-sūtra, Fascicle Nine
32.118
瘳愈 ("recovering and healing"; [瘳 is] chi-liu fan; 瘳 means recovering from illness; the Book of Documents saying 'on the next day he then recovered' is this).
32.119
竚立 ("standing for a long time"; also written 佇, same, chu-lü fan; the Erya says: 'Zhu means a long time; it refers to standing for a long time').
32.120
動瞼 ("moving the eyelids"; [瞼 is] ju-yan fan; the Zilüe says: 'The outer skin of the eye').
32.121
臻萃 ("converging and gathering"; [萃 is] qin-zui fan; the Fangyan says: 'Between Eastern Qi and the Hai-Dai region, cui means gathering; gathering together').
32.122
媅著 ("addicted and attached"; ancient script [writes] 妉, same, du-han fan; the Shuowen says: '媅 means delight; being fond of'; nowadays it is universally written 耽).
32.123
Candrapradīpa-samādhi-sūtra, Fascicle Ten
32.124
俟用 ("awaiting use"; ancient script has three forms: 竢, [米*矣], and 圯, all same, shi-ji fan; the Erya says: '俟 means to wait').
32.125
龍腦 ("camphor"; examining the Record of the Western Regions, it says: 'The karpūra incense tree has the trunk of a pine but different leaves, and its flowers and fruit are also distinct. When first gathered while wet, it does not yet have fragrance; after the wood dries, it is processed and split open, and within it is the incense, resembling mica in appearance and ice and snow in colour. This is called dragon-brain incense [camphor]').
32.126
如礪 ("like a grindstone"; [礪 is] li-zhi fan: a whetstone; a di is finer than a li).
32.127
Candrapradīpa-samādhi-sūtra, Fascicle Eleven (previously not glossed by Xuanying)
32.128
Sūtra on the Great Pure Dharma Gate Spoken by the Buddha, One Fascicle
32.129
Sounds Glossed by Huilin
32.130
溥首 ("Universal Head"; the upper character is pronounced pu; the sūtra translated from the Sanskrit language using Jin terminology rendered Mañjuśrī as Universal Head Youthful Kumāra; nowadays translated in the Tang language as Wondrous Auspiciousness [Miaojixiang]).
32.131
肌色 ("flesh colour"; the upper character [肌] is ji-ni fan; the Kaosheng says: 'Ji is the flesh beneath the skin'; the Shuowen says: 'It also means flesh; from the flesh radical with ji phonetic').
32.132
憺怕 ("tranquil and serene"; the upper character [憺] is tan-lan fan; Gu Yewang says: 'Dan means calm and quiet'; Wang's commentary on the Songs of Chu says: 'It means peaceful'; the Shuowen says: 'It also means peaceful; from the heart radical with zhan phonetic'; the sūtra writes it with the water radical as 澹, which is incorrect. The lower character [怕] is pu-bo fan; the Guangya says: 'Pa means quiet'; the Kaosheng says: 'The mind is peaceful and quiet'; the Shuowen says: 'Non-action; from the heart radical with bai phonetic'; the sūtra writes it with the water radical as 泊, which is incorrect).
32.133
筋脉 ("sinews and vessels"; the upper character [筋] is jin-xin fan; the Book of Rites says: 'The elderly do not use muscular strength for propriety', which is this; the Shuowen says: 'Jin means the strength of the flesh; from the flesh radical and bamboo radical, bamboo being an object with many sinewy fibers; from strength, strength picturing a sinew.' The lower character [脉] is meng-nie fan; correctly written [覛-見+皿], also written 脈; the Shuowen says: 'The divisions of blood channels that circulate diagonally through the body; from 𠂢 with xie [blood] phonetic; 𠂢 is pronounced pai-mai fan'; the sūtra writes it with the flesh radical as 脉, which is a popular variant that has been in use for a long time, hence preserved here).
32.134
塵漪 ("ripples of dust"; the lower character [漪] is yi-yi fan; the Kaosheng says: 'Yi are small ripples'; the Mao Commentary on the Book of Songs says: 'Double ripples'; the Gujin zhengzi says: 'From the water radical with yi phonetic'; the sūtra writes 猗, which means a big dog, not having this meaning; [the dog character] is pronounced jie).
32.135
明喆 ("discerning and wise"; the lower character [喆] is zhan-lie fan; Kong's commentary on the Book of Documents says: 'Zhe means clear understanding'; the Erya says: 'It means wise'; interchangeable with 哲, also written [詁-十+斤] or 悊; anciently written 哲; the Gujin zhengzi says: 'From two ji [吉] characters together').
32.136
之鎧 ("armour of ..."; the lower character [鎧] is ku-gai fan; the Wenzi jilüe says: 'Covering the body with metal and leather is called armour'; the Guangya says: 'Chasing the cuirass and dividing the armour', which is this; the Shuowen says: 'Armour; from the metal radical with qi phonetic').
32.137
癡疵 ("folly and defects"; the lower character [疵] is zi-yi fan; Kong's commentary on the Book of Documents says: 'Ci means ailment'; Liu Huan's commentary on the Book of Changes says: 'Ci means blemish; ruined'; the Shuowen says: 'From the sickness radical with ci phonetic').
32.138
虵虺 ("serpents and vipers"; the lower character [虺] is hui-wei fan; Guo's commentary on the Shan Hai Jing says: 'The hui has colours like ribbon patterns, with a thorn upon its snout; the large ones weigh over a hundred jin; another name is fanbi'; the Shuowen says: 'Another name is fubi [viper]; three inches wide, its head as large as a thumb; depicting its coiled shape; creatures of minute detail, whether crawling or dead, hairy or naked, beastly or scaled, take the worm [radical] as their representation; anciently written 虫'; 蠃 is pronounced li-guo fan).
32.139
著裓 ("wearing a robe-lapel"; geng-le fan; the Kaosheng says: 'Ge is the lapel of a robe'; also written 襋, pronounced jing-yi fan; some character dictionaries say it is a sleeve; the Shuowen saying it is a collar is incorrect; from the clothing radical with jie phonetic).
32.140
𤵜去 ("removed affliction"; the upper character [𤵜] is chi-lin fan; the Kaosheng says: 'Chen means disease; an illness that has deep roots'; the Mao Commentary on the Book of Songs says: 'The sorrow of my heart is an affliction like a headache'; the Shuowen says: 'Chen is a feverish disease; from the sickness radical and fire radical'; the sūtra writes 𤵜, used interchangeably).
32.141
勃勃 ("vigorously surging"; pen-mo fan; the Guangya says: 'Bo-bo means flourishing'; the Cang Jie pian says: 'Bo means coming forth'; the Shuowen says: 'Bo means pushing forth; from strength with bei phonetic'; the sūtra writes it with the water radical as 渤, which is a place name and does not fit the meaning).
32.142
眩受 ("deluded reception"; the upper character [眩] is xuan-juan fan; Jia's commentary on the Guoyu says: 'Xuan means confused'; Gu Yewang says: 'Xuan also refers to displaying illusions'; the Shuowen says: 'From the eye radical with xuan phonetic').
32.143
貪[(羌-儿+(土*人))/(盜-皿)] ("covetous craving"; the lower character [xian] is xiang-jian fan; the Kaosheng says: 'Xian means to love; to yearn for'; Zheng's commentary on the Rites of Zhou says: 'Xian is like plenty'; the Han Commentary on the Book of Songs says: 'To desire'; the Shuowen says: 'Xian means covetous desire; from you and xian; you is from sheep and ren; xian is pronounced xian-yan fan; xian is pronounced you'; the sūtra writes it with the ci [次] radical as 羨, which does not have this meaning).
32.144
Mahāvyūha-dharmaparyāya-sūtra, Upper Fascicle
32.145
Sounds Glossed by Xuanying
32.146
晡沙 ("puruṣa"; bu-hu fan; in the sūtras sometimes written 逋沙, also written 補沙, and also written 富樓沙, which are all corruptions; the correct form is 富盧沙 [fulusha], translated as 'person' or 'man').
32.147
剛橛 ("rigid stake"; qu-yue fan; the Erya says: 'A jue is called an yi; an yi is a post'; 樴 is pronounced tu-de fan).
32.148
鶬鵠 ("crane and swan"; also written 𩀞, same, cu-tang fan; the Erya says: 'The cang is the mi-gua'; Guo Pu says: 'That is, the cang-hu [crane]').
32.149
唯啑 ("only snapping up"; also written 唼, same, suo-jia fan; the Picang and the Shenglei both write 唼, meaning ducks feeding).
32.150
Mahāvyūha-dharmaparyāya-sūtra, Lower Fascicle
32.151
䏣蟲 ("maggots"; the Zilin gives qian-yu fan; the Tongsu wen says: 'Worms in meat are called ju'; the sūtra text writes it with the insect radical as 蛆, zi-yu fan; 蝍蛆 is a centipede; it is also written 疽, meaning an ulcer. The lower character [蟲] is now sometimes written 虫, same, chu-zhong fan; the Erya says: 'Those with feet are called chong').
32.152
不鑒 ("not examining"; in character dictionaries written 鑑, same, gu-chan fan; the Guangya says: 'Jian means illuminating; jian refers to a mirror, that by which bodily forms are inspected').
32.153
Candrapradīpa-samādhi-sūtra, One Fascicle (no characters to gloss for sounds)
32.154
Bodhisattva-caryā-sūtra, One Fascicle
32.155
Sounds Glossed by Huilin
32.156
叡達 ("penetrating and wise"; the upper character [叡] is yue-sui fan; Kong's commentary on the Book of Documents says: 'Rui means bound to master arts'; Jia's commentary on the Guoyu says: 'Rui means clear-sighted'; the Guangya says: 'Rui means wise'; the Shuowen says: 'Rui means deeply discerning; from [the top component], the eye radical, and gu abbreviated; [the top component] is pronounced can').
32.157
危脃 ("perilous and fragile"; the lower character [脃] is qi-rui fan; the Guangya says: 'Weak and fragile'; Gu Yewang says: 'Cui is like soft'; the Shuowen says: 'Cui means with little flesh, soft and easily broken; from the flesh radical with jue abbreviated phonetic'; the sūtra writes it with the wei radical as 脆, which is a popular variant).
32.158
[戊@(百-日+皿)]燥 ("scorched and dry"; the lower character [燥] is sao-zao fan; the Book of Changes says: 'Fire seeks what is dry'; the Shuowen says: 'Zao means dry; from the fire radical with zao phonetic'; 喿 is pronounced xian-dao fan).
32.159
飾偽 ('pretended/counterfeit decoration'; the upper character is pronounced 升 [shēng] + 職 [zhí] fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '飾 [shì] means to decorate/adorn.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'To embellish/adorn.' It is composed of 巾 ['cloth'] with 飤 as phonetic. 飤 is pronounced 寺 [sì]. The lower character is pronounced 危 [wēi] + 謂 [wèi] fanqie. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: '偽 [wěi] means false/borrowed.' The Guangya says: '偽 [wěi] means difficult to sigh over.' The Shuowen says: '偽 [wěi] means deceit/fraudulent.' It is composed of 人 ['person'] with 為 as phonetic).
32.160
巢窟 ('nests and dens'; the upper character is pronounced 仕 [shì] + 爻 [yáo] fanqie. Zheng's commentary on the Mao Shi says: 'When magpies build a nest, they begin constructing it at the winter solstice, and it is completed by spring.' Zheng's commentary on the Kaogong ji says: '巢 [cháo] is like high.' The Shuowen says: 'A bird's abode in a tree is called 巢 [cháo]; in a cave, it is called 窠 [kē]. It is composed of 木 ["wood"] and is a pictographic character.' The lower character is pronounced 困 [kùn] + 骨 [gǔ] fanqie. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: 'A 窟 [kū] is an underground chamber.' The Liji says: 'In winter they dwelt in earthen caves [營窟],' which is this. The Shenglei says: 'A 窟 [kū] is where hares hide.' The Shuowen has it composed of 穴 ['hole'] with 屈 as phonetic).
32.161
肴膳 ('delicacies and feasts'; the upper character is pronounced 効 [xiào] + 交 [jiāo] fanqie. Jia's commentary on the Guoyu says: '肴 [yáo] refers to meats in the sacrificial vessels.' The Mao Shi commentary says: '肴 [yáo] is the contents of the dou vessel.' Zheng's commentary says: 'Contents of the pickled vegetables in the dou vessel refer to pickles and minced meat. Generally, what is eaten that is not grain is called 肴 [yáo].' The lower character is pronounced 禪 [chán] + 戰 [zhàn] fanqie. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: '膳 [shàn] expresses good/choice.' It is now written with 肉 ['meat'] and 爻 or 善. Fine seasonal foodstuffs are called "precious meals" [珍膳]. His commentary on the Yili also says: '膳 [shàn] is like to offer/present.' The Shuowen says: 'Prepared food.' Both are composed of 肉 ['meat'] with 爻 and 善 respectively serving as phonetic. In the sūtra text, writing 肴 with 爻 as 殽, and 膳 with 食 as 善, are both erroneous).
32.162
麁獷 ('coarse and fierce'; the upper character is pronounced 醋 [cù] + 蘇 [sū] fanqie. It was already explained above under the lower fascicle of the Zhu fa wuxing jing. The lower character is pronounced 虢 [guó] + 猛 [měng] fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '獷 [guǎng] refers to a dog being ferocious and unruly.' The Shuowen says: 'A dog being ferocious; 獷 [guǎng] means impossible to approach.' It is composed of 犬 ['dog'] with 廣 as phonetic).
32.163
意整 ('composed in intention'; the character is pronounced 征 [zhēng] + 領 [lǐng] fanqie. Zheng's commentary on the Liji says: '整 [zhěng] means upright/proper.' The Shuowen says: '整 [zhěng] means orderly/neat.' It is composed of 敕 with 正. 敕 is pronounced 勑 [chì]. In the sūtra text, writing 整 with 来 and 力 is a vulgar character and is incorrect).
32.164
鎖械 ('chains and fetters'; the upper character is pronounced 蘇 [sū] + 果 [guǒ] fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '鎖 [suǒ] means to link/bind.' The Wenzi jilüe says: 'Connecting iron rings to restrain the body.' The Gujin zhengzi has it composed of 金 ['metal'] with 𧴲, where 𧴲 also serves as phonetic; or it is written with 玉 ['jade'] as 𤨏. In the sūtra text, writing it with 巢 as 鏁 is incorrect. The lower character is pronounced 骸 [hái] + 戒 [jiè] fanqie. The Wenzi jilüe says: '械 [xiè] refers to boring holes in wood and applying them to the feet.' The Wenzidian shuo says: '械 [xiè] refers to cangues and fetters.' It is composed of 木 ['wood'] with 戒 as phonetic).
32.165
騃癡 ('stupid and foolish'; the upper character is pronounced 崖 [yá] + 駭 [hài] fanqie. The Cangjie pian says: '騃 [dǎi] means ignorant/without knowledge.' Gu Yewang says: '癡 [chī] also means 騃 [dǎi].' The Han shu says: 'Inwardly stupid and ignorant of governance,' which is this. The Shuowen has it composed of 馬 ['horse'] with 矣 as phonetic. The lower character is pronounced 恥 [chǐ] + 持 [chí] fanqie. The Picang says: '癡 [chī] also means 騃 [dǎi].' The Shuowen says: '癡 [chī] means lacking intelligence.' It is composed of 疒 ['disease'] with 疑 as phonetic. The Kaosheng notes that it is sometimes written with 心 ['mind'] as 𢣕).
32.166
煒曗 ('blazing and radiant'; the upper character is pronounced 韋 [wéi] + 鬼 [guǐ] fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '煒 [wěi] is the appearance of abundant light and color.' The Shuowen says: '煒 [wěi] is an abundant bright red color.' It is composed of 火 ['fire'] with 韋 as phonetic. The lower character is pronounced 炎 [yán] + 輙 [zhé] fanqie. The Wenzi jilüe says: '曗 [yè] is the appearance of abundant radiance.' The Shuowen says: '曗 [yè] also means light/radiance.' It is composed of 日 ['sun'] with 業 as phonetic. In the sūtra text, writing it with 華 as 曄 is incorrect).
32.167
翾飛 ('flitting/flying'; the upper character is pronounced 血 [xuè] + 緣 [yuán] fanqie. The Yunying says: 'A small flying insect.' The Zhoushu mentions 'Flitting and flying, wriggling and moving' [翾飛蝡動]. The Shuowen says: 'Flying shortly/lightly.' It is composed of 羽 ['feather'] with 睘 as phonetic).
32.168
蝡動 ('wriggling movement'; the upper character is pronounced 𨳝 [ér] + 尹 [yǐn] fanqie. It was already explained above under the middle fascicle of the Ghanavyūha-sūtra).
32.169
Sūtra on Having No Expectations, in one fascicle
32.170
Sounds by Huilin
32.171
愚戇 ('foolish and dull'; the lower character is pronounced 卓 [zhuó] + 巷 [xiàng] fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '㤶戇 [mángzhù] describes a state where the spirit/mind is not clear.' The Shuowen says: 'Also means foolish.' It is composed of 心 ['mind'] with 𥫔 (pronounced 貢 [gòng]) as phonetic. In the sūtra text, it is written as 憃, which is a scribal error. 㤶 is pronounced 尨 [máng] + 巷 [xiàng] fanqie).
32.172
殃釁 ('calamity and offense'; the lower character is pronounced 昕 [xīn] + 覲 [jìn] fanqie. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '釁 [xìn] means fault/offense.' The Shuowen has it composed of 爨 abbreviated, with 酉 and 分 as phonetic. In the sūtra text, writing it as 舋 is an error).
32.173
𠻄如幻 ('[dhāraṇī syllable] like an illusion'; the upper character is pronounced 荒 [huāng] + 晃 [huǎng] fanqie. Correctly written as [口*(荒-亡+(└@人))], a Sanskrit word).
32.174
蚑𧒒 ('crawling and stinging insects'; the upper character is pronounced 奇 [qí]. The Shuowen says: 'To crawl/walk.' The Wenzidian shuo says: 'Insects crawling.' It is composed of 虫 ['insect'] with 支 as phonetic. The lower character is pronounced 棒 [bàng] + 封 [fēng] fanqie. The Shuowen says: 'A 𧒒 is a crawling venomous insect that stings people.' It is composed of 䖵 with 逢 abbreviated as phonetic, which is the correct character. In the sūtra text, it is written as 蜂, which is a vulgar character).
32.175
Hastyakṣa-sūtra (Elephant's Axilla Sūtra), in one fascicle
32.176
Sounds by Huilin
32.177
得旋 ('obtaining revolving'; the character is pronounced 隨 [suí] + 緣 [yuán] fanqie. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '周旋 [zhōuxuán] means to pursue and follow one another.' Wang's commentary on the Chu ci says: '旋 [xuán] means to revolve/turn around.' The Shuowen has it composed of 㫃 with 疋 as phonetic. 㫃 is pronounced 偃 [yǎn]. In the sūtra text, writing it with 手 ['hand'] as 𢭀 is an error).
32.178
稗莠 ('tares and weeds'; the upper character is pronounced 牌 [pái] + 賣 [mài] fanqie. Du's commentary on the Zuo zhuan says: '稗 [bài] is a grass that resembles grain.' Ru Chun's commentary on the Qi lüe says: 'Minute grains are 稗 [bài].' The Shuowen says: 'A weed among grain.' It is composed of 禾 ['grain'] with 卑 as phonetic. The lower character is pronounced 由 [yóu] + 酒 [jiǔ] fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '莠 [yǒu] is the name of a weed resembling grain.' The Mao Shi commentary says: '莠 [yǒu] resembles sprouts.' Gu Yewang says: 'A grass that resembles grain seedlings.' The Shangshu says: 'Like grain seedlings having weeds, like millet having chaff,' which is this. The Shuowen says: 'Weeds growing beneath the sun among crops are called 莠 [yǒu].' It is composed of 艸 ['grass'] with 秀 as phonetic).
32.179
瞢伽 ('Māṅga' [transcription]; the upper character is pronounced 墨 [mò] + 崩 [bēng] fanqie. A Sanskrit word. In the sūtra text, writing it as 𥌋 is an error).
32.180
摩仇 ('Mocu' [transcription]; pronounced 渠 [qú] + 尤 [yóu] fanqie. A Sanskrit word. In the sūtra text, writing it with 口 ['mouth'] as 㕨 is incorrect).
32.181
Sūtra on the Sphere of Wisdom of the Tathāgata's Adornments, Fascicle One
32.182
Sounds by Huilin
32.183
涌出 ('surging forth'; the upper character is pronounced 容 [róng] + 聳 [sǒng] fanqie. Liu Zhao's commentary on the Gongyang zhuan says: '涌 [yǒng] means to surge/gush.' The Shuowen says: 'Composed of 水 ["water"] with 甬 as phonetic.' 甬 is pronounced the same as above).
32.184
可齅 ('can be smelled'; the lower character is pronounced 朽 [xiǔ] + 又 [yòu] fanqie. The Kaosheng says: 'A hound is an animal that tracks scents and knows their trail.' The Analects says: 'Zilu saluted it; it smelled thrice and took flight,' which is this. The Shuowen says: 'To bring the nose near a scent.' It is composed of 鼻 ['nose'] with 臭 as phonetic).
32.185
滋茂 ('luxuriant and flourishing'; the upper character is pronounced 子 [zǐ] + 慈 [cí] fanqie. The Kaosheng says: '滋 [zī] means moist; it also means numerous.' Kong's commentary on the Shangshu says: '滋 [zī] means to increase; it also means to grow.' The Cangjie pian says: 'Liquid/moisture.' The Wenzidian shuo has it composed of 水 ['water'] with 茲 as phonetic).
32.186
堆𨸏 ('mounds and hills'; the upper character is pronounced 對 [duì] + 雷 [léi] fanqie. The Kaosheng says: 'The appearance of raised earth; it also means a gathering/pile.' Wang's commentary on the Chu ci says: '魁堆 [kuíduī] means high.' Guo's commentary on the Shanglin fu says: '堆 [duī] refers to a sand mound.' It is sometimes written as 塠. The Gujin zhengzi has it composed of 土 ['earth'] with 隹 as phonetic. The lower character is pronounced 浮 [fú] + 有 [yǒu] fanqie. The Erya says: 'A great landmass is called a 𨸏 [fù].' The Cangjie pian says: 'A 𨸏 [fù] is a mountain that is low yet broad.' The Guangya says: 'A hill without stones is called a 𨸏 [fù].' Jia's commentary on the Guoyu says: 'It also means thick; it also means long.' The Shuowen says: 'A great continent or a mountain without stones; it is a pictographic character.' Commonly it is written as 阜).
32.187
果蓏 ('fruits and melons'; the upper character is pronounced 果 [guǒ], properly written with 艸 ['grass'], being a popular character. The lower character is pronounced 騾 [luó] + 果 [guǒ] fanqie. Zheng's commentary on the Zhouli says: '果 [guǒ] refers to fruits like peaches and plums; 蓏 [luǒ] refers to gourds and melons.' Zhang Yan's commentary on the Han shu says: 'Those with pits are called 果 [guǒ]; those without pits are called 蓏 [luǒ].' Ying Shao's commentary on the Han shu says: 'Tree fruits are called 果 [guǒ]; vine/grass fruits are called 蓏 [luǒ].' The Zhouyi speaks of "fruits and gourds" [果蓏], which is this. The Shuowen has it composed of 艸 ['grass'] with 㼌 as phonetic. 瓞 is pronounced 徒 [tú] + 結 [jié] fanqie. 㼌 is pronounced 庾 [yǔ]).
32.188
Sūtra on the Sphere of Wisdom of the Tathāgata's Adornments, Fascicle Two
32.189
漂流 ('drifting and flowing'; the upper character is pronounced 疋 [pǐ] + 消 [xiāo] fanqie. Gu Yewang says: '漂 [piāo] means to drift/flow.' The Shuowen says: '漂 [piāo] means to float.' It is composed of 水 ['water'] with 票 as phonetic. In the sūtra text, writing it as 㵱 is an error).
32.190
土塊 ('clods of earth'; the lower character is pronounced 苦 [kǔ] + 對 [duì] fanqie. The Shuowen says: '塊 [kuài] is a clod of soil.' It is composed of 土 ['earth'] with 鬼 as phonetic. 堛 is pronounced 丕 [pī] + 逼 [bī] fanqie. It is sometimes written as 𠙽).
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- 一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese