一切經音義 38

English (machine translation) 38

Language: English

Foshuo da kongque mingwang jing (Sūtra of the Great Peacock Wisdom King Spoken by the Buddha), three fascicles;
Fomu da kongque mingwang jing (Sūtra of the Great Peacock Wisdom King, Mother of Buddhas), three fascicles: Huilin;
Hai longwang jing (Sūtra of the Ocean Dragon King), four fascicles: Xuanying;
Da fangdeng dayun jing (Great Cloud Sūtra of the Great Vaipulya), six fascicles: Xuanying;
Dayun qingyu jing (Great Cloud Rain-Requesting Sūtra), one fascicle: Xuanying;
Dayunlun qingyu jing (Great Cloud Wheel Rain-Requesting Sūtra), two fascicles: Xuanying;
Da fangdeng dayun qingyu jing (Great Cloud Rain-Requesting Sūtra of the Great Vaipulya), one fascicle: Xuanying;
Dayunlun qingyu jing (Great Cloud Wheel Rain-Requesting Sūtra), two fascicles: Huilin;
Jingang guangyan zhi fengyu jing (Sūtra of the Diamond Flame for Calming Wind and Rain), one fascicle: Huilin;
Jingang guangyan zhi fengyu jing (Sūtra of the Diamond Flame for Calming Wind and Rain), one fascicle: Huilin;
Jielutuowang shenzhou jing (Sūtra of the Divine Dhāraṇī of King Garuḍa), one fascicle: Huilin;
Fazheluochina tuoluoni jing (Vajradaṇḍa-dhāraṇī-sūtra): Huilin;
Da jielunuowang jing (Sūtra of the Great Garuḍa King), one fascicle: Huilin;
Wenshushili genben dajiaowang jing Jinchi niaowang pin (Chapter on the Golden-Winged Bird King of the Fundamental Great King of Teachings Sūtra of Mañjuśrī): Huilin;
Chusheng wuliangmen chi jing (Sūtra on Upholding the Inconceivable Endless Portals), one fascicle: Huilin;
Wuliangmen pomo tuoluoni jing (Dhāraṇī-sūtra on Destroying Demons through Endless Portals): Huilin;
Anantoumuxu nihelituo jing (Anantamukha-nirhāra-sūtra): Huilin;
Shelifu tuoluoni jing (Dhāraṇī-sūtra of Śāriputra), one fascicle: Xuanying;
Wuliangmen weimi chi jing (Sūtra on Upholding the Subtle and Esoteric Endless Portals), one fascicle: Xuanying;
Yixiang chusheng pusa jing (Sūtra of the Bodhisattva of Sole Arising), one fascicle: Xuanying;
Anantuomuxu niheli tuolinni jing (Anantamukha-nirhāra-dhāraṇī-sūtra): Xuanying;
Chusheng wubianmen tuoluoni jing (Dhāraṇī-sūtra of Arising through Boundless Portals): Huilin;
Chusheng wubianmen tuoluoni jing (Dhāraṇī-sūtra of Arising through Boundless Portals): None;
Shengzhuang biyin tuoluoni jing (Dhāraṇī-sūtra of the Victorious Banner Arm Seal): None;
Miaobi yinzhuang tuoluoni jing (Dhāraṇī-sūtra of the Wondrous Arm Seal Banner): None;
Wu yaji chi famen jing (Sūtra on the Dharma-Door of Boundless Upholding), one fascicle: Huilin;
Huaju tuoluoni zhou jing (Dhāraṇī-mantra Sūtra of the Mass of Flowers), one fascicle: Xuanying;
Zunsheng suowen tuoluoni (Dhāraṇī Requested by Zunsheng), one fascicle: Xuanying;
Shizi fenxun pusa suowen jing (Sūtra Requested by the Bodhisattva Lion’s Stride): Huilin;
Jingang shangwei tuoluoni jing (Dhāraṇī-sūtra of Supreme Diamond Flavour): Huilin;
Liuzi zhouwang jing (Six-Syllable Mantra King Sūtra), one fascicle: Huilin;
Liuzi shenzhou wang jing (Six-Syllable Divine Mantra King Sūtra), one fascicle: Huilin;
Jingangchang tuoluoni jing (Vajramanda-dhāraṇī-sūtra), one fascicle: None;
Rulai fangbian shanjiao zhou jing (Mantra Sūtra on the Tathāgata’s Skill in Means), one fascicle: Xuanying;
Huaji tuoluoni shenzhou jing (Divine Dhāraṇī-Mantra Sūtra of the Gathering of Flowers): Xuanying;
Chiju shenzhou jing (Divine Mantra Sūtra of Upholding Phrases), one fascicle: None;
Tuolinni bo jing (Dhāraṇī-pātra-sūtra), one fascicle: Huilin.
The above thirty-seven sūtras in fifty-two fascicles share the pronunciations in this fascicle.

38.3

Foshuo da kongquewang zhou jing (The Great Peacock King Mantra Sūtra Spoken by the Buddha; translated by Yijing)

38.4

Pronunciations by Huilin

38.5

Thumb or big toe (拇指: the upper character has the fanqie [m- + -u] 莫補. The Gujin zhengzi states: ‘The big toe of the foot. It is classified under the “hand” radical with “mother” [母] as its phonetic component.’)

38.6

Puff and spit (煦沫: the upper character has the fanqie [x- + -y] 吁羽. The Guangya states: ‘Xu means to spit.’ The Shuowen says: ‘It means to steam; it takes “fire” as its radical and 昫 as its phonetic component. 昫 has the same pronunciation.’ The lower character has the fanqie [m- + -at] 滿鉢. Gu Yewang states: ‘Mo refers to foam floating on water.’ Xu Shuzhong [Xu Shen] says: ‘Mo is misty drizzle.’ The Shuowen notes it takes the ‘water’ radical with 末 as its phonetic component.)

38.7

Salivating (𰞥㳄者: the middle character has the fanqie [s- + -ian] 羨延. The Shuowen says: ‘㳄 means saliva from the mouth; it takes “water” as its radical and 欠 as its phonetic component.’ It is also written 𰜂, which is an archaic form. The sūtra writes it 涎, modifying the archaic character by swapping the left and right components.)

38.8

Snivelling (𰞥洟: the lower character is pronounced 夷. The Shuowen states: ‘洟 means nasal discharge; it takes “water” as its radical with 夷 as its phonetic component.’)

38.9

Throat and chest (胭匈: the upper character has the fanqie [ʔ- + -en] 鷰賢. The Cangjie pian states: ‘Yin means swallow [咽].’ The Gujin zhengzi states: ‘Yan means throat; it takes “flesh” as its radical with 因 as its phonetic component.’ The lower character has the fanqie [x- + -woŋ] 勗恭. The Shuowen says: ‘Xiong means the breast; it takes 勹 as its radical and 凶 as its phonetic component.’ In the sūtra it is written with the ‘flesh’ radical as 胷, which is also commonly used. 勹 is pronounced 包.)

38.10

Thigh and calf (脾腨: the former has the fanqie [b- + -ie] 瓶米. The Shuowen says: ‘The outer thigh.’ The latter has the fanqie [tɕʰ- + -uan] 遄耎. The Shuowen says: ‘The calf muscle of the leg; it takes “flesh” as its radical with 耑 as its phonetic component.’ 耑 is pronounced 端. 腓 is pronounced 朒.)

38.11

Abdominal knots and indigestion (痃癖: the upper character is pronounced 弦. The lower character has the fanqie [pʰ- + -iek] 匹亦. The Fangyan says: ‘Xianpi is an illness within the abdomen.’ The character xian does not appear in character dictionaries at all. The Wenzi jilüe says: ‘The coagulation of qi constitutes pi.’ The Kaosheng says: ‘Stagnant food constitutes zhèng [abdominal masses].’ The Gujin zhengzi says: ‘When food is undigested, it reciprocally turns into xianpi.’)

38.12

Yizhì (一峙: pronounced 雉. From here on, characters within mantras are not analysed for character definitions.)

38.13

Yìlì (翳麗: the upper character is pronounced 曀; the lower character is pronounced 戾.)

38.14

Diǎnmǐ (點謎: the fanqie is [m- + -ei] 迷閉.)

38.15

Yizhì (一㨖: the fanqie is [ʈ- + -i] 知里.)

38.16

Zhādì (吒睇: pronounced 弟. From yizhì [一峙] onward, these are all characters within mantras; only their phonetic value is taken, without seeking literal definitions.)

38.17

Middle Fascicle of the Peacock King Sūtra

38.18

Ulcerous fistulae (痤瘻: the upper character has the fanqie [dz- + -uɑ] 徂和. The Shuowen states: ‘A swelling; it is a phono-semantic character.’ The lower character has the fanqie [l- + -əu] 樓豆. Guo Pu says: ‘Lòu belongs to the category of carbuncles.’ The Kaosheng says: ‘A chronic ulcer.’ The Shuowen states: ‘It takes 疒 as its radical with 婁 as its phonetic component.’ 疒 has the fanqie [ȵ- + -ɛk] 女厄.)

38.19

Reprimand and punish (謫罰: the upper character has the fanqie [ʈ- + -ɛk] 陟革. Mao’s commentary to the Shijing says: ‘Zhe means to blame one another.’ The Shuowen says: ‘It takes “speech” [言] as its radical with 啇 as its phonetic component.’ The lower character has the fanqie [b- + -at] 煩韈. The Shuowen says: ‘It takes 刀 [knife] and 詈 [revile]; the character 詈 takes 冈 and 言.’ Writing it with 四 is a corrupt abbreviation.)

38.20

Smear and polish (塗瑩: the lower character has the fanqie [ʔ- + -wɛŋ] 縈迥; it is a phono-semantic character. The Guangya states: ‘Ying means to adorn.’ Whether written with the ‘metal’ radical or the ‘jade’ radical, both are permissible.)

38.21

Lower Fascicle of the Peacock King Sūtra

38.22

Brick base (甎跗: the upper character is pronounced 尃; the sūtra uses it to mean a small square brick. The lower character is pronounced 夫; it takes “foot” [足] with 付 as its phonetic component. The sūtra's meaning for fu is like a mounded spool or pedestal to set up a peacock's feather upright.)

38.23

To kneel down (𧿠跪: the upper character is pronounced 戶; the lower character is pronounced 匱. Placing the right knee on the ground, or kneeling upright on both knees, represents the height of reverence.)

38.24

Preliminary Invocation Ritual of the Sūtra of the Great Peacock Wisdom King, Mother of Buddhas (translated by the Tripiṭaka Master of Xingshan Monastery)

38.25

Famine (饑饉: the upper character is pronounced 機; the lower character is pronounced 近. The Guangya states: ‘When the grain does not ripen, it is called jī; nowadays it is sometimes written 飢.’ Guo's commentary to the Erya states: ‘All wild herbs and vegetables that can be eaten are generically called shū [greens].’ Mao’s commentary to the Shijing states: ‘When greens do not ripen, it is called jǐn.’ The Guliang zhuan states: ‘When the three grains do not grow, it is called jǐn.’ Both characters are phono-semantic.)

38.26

Phlegm and congested fluid (痰癊: the upper character has the fanqie [d- + -am] 淡甘. The Kaosheng states: ‘Tán is a fluid ailment in the diaphragm.’ The lower character has the fanqie [ʔ- + -im] 邑禁. We observe that yìn is a disease of the phlegm category, largely similar with minor differences. The Yunquan states: ‘It is also an ailment of phlegm.’ Neither of these two characters appears in the standard character dictionaries.)

38.27

Snakes and scorpions (蛇蠍: the upper character has the fanqie [ɕ- + -a] 社遮; the lower character has the fanqie [x- + -at] 軒謁; both are standard character forms. The Guangya states: ‘Dubo, shàilìn, guīzhé, and chīchài are scorpions.’ Dubo and those following are all variant names for the scorpion. The Fangyan states: ‘From east of the Pass to west of the Pass, between Qin and Jin, it is called shàilìn, or it is called xiē.’ We observe that xiē is the universally used term across the four regions. The character 䖯 is the ancient form of the character dú [poison]; [虫*束*頁] has the pronunciation dà, 𱿴 has the fanqie [l- + -in] 藺怚, 蜇 has the fanqie [ʈ- + -iet] 知列, and 蚳蠆 has the fanqie [tɕʰ- + -ai] 勑芥.)

38.28

Cangue and lock (枷鎻: the upper character is pronounced 加. The Kaosheng states: ‘It means a wooden pillory; it is also written 架.’ The lower character has the fanqie [s- + -uɑ] 乘果. The Kaosheng states: ‘Suǒ means to bind/record.’ The Yupian says: ‘Suǒ means interlocking links; it takes the “metal” radical with 𧴲 as its phonetic component.’ 𧴲 has the same pronunciation as above.)

38.29

Middle Fascicle of the Sūtra of the Great Peacock Wisdom King, Mother of Buddhas

38.30

Xùsī (絮斯: the upper character has the fanqie [n- + -a] 奴雅; it is Sanskrit.)

38.31

Wǎndǐ (挽底: the upper character has the fanqie [m- + -uan] 武滿; it is Sanskrit.)

38.32

Jiécǐ (羯玼: the fanqie is [tsʰ- + -ie] 青禮; it is Sanskrit.)

38.33

Nie-ta-bo (蘖踏婆: the first character has the fanqie [k- + -at] 言羯; the next has the fanqie [t- + -ap] 談臘; it is Sanskrit, and literal definitions are not sought.)

38.34

Wùtóu (屼頭: the upper character is pronounced 兀.)

38.35

One armpit (一腋: pronounced 亦.)

38.36

Bùlǎná (布喇拏: the fanqie is [l- + -at] 蘭怛; Sanskrit [Pūraṇa].)

38.37

Sèchà (瑟侘: the fanqie is [tɕ- + -a] 折加; Sanskrit.)

38.38

Nìluǒ (膩攞: the upper character has the fanqie [n- + -i] 尼置; the lower character has the fanqie [l- + -a] 羅可; [Sanskrit nīla].)

38.39

Zhījiā (擿迦: the upper character has the fanqie [ʈ- + -ɛk] 知革; Sanskrit.)

38.40

Nàluó (捺羅: the fanqie is [n- + -at] 難怛; Sanskrit.)

38.41

Yǎnná (巘拏: the upper character has the fanqie [k- + -ian] 言蹇; Sanskrit.)

38.42

Jǔbāluó (矩𮧬囉: the fanqie is [b- + -at] 挽八, with the syllable luó rolled on the tongue; it is Sanskrit.)

38.43

Eating marrow (食髓: the fanqie is [s- + -uɛ] 雖𭪿.)

38.44

Tears and spittle (涕涶: the upper character has the fanqie [tʰ- + -ei] 體計; the lower character has the fanqie [tʰ- + -ua] 土過.)

38.45

Eating saliva (食㳄: the fanqie is [z- + -ian] 祥延; in the sūtra it is written with “water” and “延”, which is a colloquial form.)

38.46

Eating nasal mucous (食洟: pronounced 夷.)

38.47

Malicious leaping (惡跳: the fanqie is [tʰ- + -ɛu] 天矅.)

38.48

Malicious striding (惡驀: pronounced 陌.)

38.49

Phlegm and fluid retention (痰癊: the upper character is pronounced 談; the lower character has the fanqie [ʔ- + -im] 邑禁; both are illnesses.)

38.50

Gǔlū (麌嚕: two syllables combined; the upper character has the fanqie [ŋ- + -u] 隅矩; Sanskrit name of a rākṣasī.)

38.51

Inhaling people’s vital essence (歙人精氣: the upper character has the fanqie [x- + -ip] 歆急; it is also the character xī [吸].)

38.52

Hànmí (憾彌: the fanqie is [x- + -am] 含感; it is Sanskrit.)

38.53

Lower Fascicle of the Sūtra of the Peacock King, Mother of Buddhas

38.54

Woollen rug (毛緂: the fanqie is [tʰ- + -am] 貪敢.)

38.55

Śuòdǐ (爍底: the fanqie is [ɕ- + -iak] 商斫; written with the fire radical; [Sanskrit śakti].)

38.56

Qiú-pǔ (囚普: the upper character has the fanqie [n- + -ap] 喃甲. Although this is Sanskrit and its literal meaning is not sought, lest readers should doubt or mistakenly pronounce it, it is hereby clarified again. Yāqiú means a mouth that is small, neat, and proper in appearance; it is also given the fanqie [n- + -ap] 拏甲. Some copies of the sūtra have 囁, which is incorrect and a mistaken use of the character.)

38.57

Gèluó (疙囉: the upper character has the fanqie [k- + -ət] 銀訖; Sanskrit. It is also written 仡, having the same pronunciation.)

38.58

Wācā (嚩攃: the fanqie is [tsʰ- + -at] 粲辢, or also [tsʰ- + -aŋ] 倉[朿*(〦/羊)]; it is Sanskrit and is not given a gloss.)

38.59

Goitre illness (癭病: the fanqie is [ʔ- + -ɛŋ] 伊郢; it is an illness of neck swelling and qi coagulation.)

38.60

Ritual of the Peacock King Bodhimaṇḍa, in one fascicle (The text is easy; there are no characters glossed for sounds or meanings).

38.61

Sāgara-nāgarāja-sūtra, Fascicle One

38.62

Sounds by Xuanying

38.63

Anmingyou Mountain (That is Mount Sumeru. It is also called Mountain Meilou; the correct form is Mount Sumeru. Translated here, it means 'Well-Shining Mountain', and also 'Well-Lofty Mountain').

38.64

Tanran [Tranquilly] (Fanqie: 徒 + 敢. Tan is like calm and peaceful. In the scripture text it is written as 潭, fanqie: 徒 + 躭; tan means deep. The people of Chu called deep 'tan').

38.65

Juanqi [Grieved and sorrowful] (Fanqie: 於 + 緣. The Shenglei says: juan means sorrow. The Shuowen says: juan means resentment).

38.66

Fascicle Two

38.67

Queting [The space between the eyebrows] (Between the eyebrows. The Shiming says: que are at both sides of a gate, leaving an open space in the middle as a pathway. The eyebrows now resemble this, hence they are named from it).

38.68

Kao ye [Buttocks] (Fanqie: 苦 + 勞. The Shenglei states: kao is tun [buttocks]. Tun has the fanqie: 徒 + 昆).

38.69

Bin ye [Kneecap] (Fanqie: 扶 + 忍. Also written as 𬛜, identical. The Shuowen says: knee bone. The Sancang says: kneecap).

38.70

Qinni [Intimate / frequent] (Also written as 昵, identical; fanqie: 女 + 栗. The Erya says: ni means intimate and close; ni means frequent. Qinni also means frequent).

38.71

Yanran [Calmly / peacefully] (Fanqie: 烏 + 鴈. Yan is like peaceful. The Shuowen says: yan means a clear sky; it is also the appearance of fresh green).

38.72

Fanrui [Flourishing hem / descendants] (Fanqie: 輔 + 𡊮. Fan means many; [戊@(百-日+皿)] means abundant. The second character is the ancient form of yi [裔], identical; fanqie: 餘 + 制. The Shuowen says: yi is the lower hem of a robe. One takes sons and grandsons as 'sprouts and hems' [lineage / descendants], taking the meaning of hanging down below. The character is composed of 衣 [garment] and 冏, pronounced with the fanqie: 女 + 劣).

38.73

Fascicle Three

38.74

Yitai [Wanton manner] (The ancient character was 佚; now it is written as 妷; also written as 劮, identical; fanqie: 與 + 一. The Cang Jie Pian says: yi means wanton; it also means pleasure. In the text below it is written as 㑷, identical; fanqie: 他 + 代; it means unbridled intention, referring to the appearance of appraising human feelings).

38.75

Yihuo [Reaping and harvesting] (Fanqie: 胡 + 郭. The Shuowen says: harvesting grain. Wang Yi's commentary to the Chuci says: cutting grass is called yi; cutting grain is called huo. The Classic of Poetry says: 'In the tenth month they harvest rice,' which is this).

38.76

Fascicle Four

38.77

Xiqi [Inhaling breath] (The ancient forms are 歙 and 噏; now it is written as 吸, identical; fanqie: 𦏁 + 及. The Guangya says: xi means to drink. The Shuowen says: inward breath; to draw in; referring to drawing breath inward).

38.78

Quanxu [Encouraging and cajoling] (Fanqie: 私 + 律. Youxu means guiding and instructing; it also means enticing and encouraging one another. The scripture text has 恤, which means to worry; to gather. 恤 is not used in this sense).

38.79

Cuoji [Stumbling] (Fanqie for the first: 千 + 何; the second: 子 + 亦. Cuotuo [to stumble / slip]; cuoji [respectfully cautious]. Here 踖 should be 錯, fanqie: 七 + 各; cuodie means staggering and unsteady; cuo means erroneous, mistaken, and blundering).

38.80

Mahāmegha-sūtra, Fascicle One

38.81

Sounds by Xuanying

38.82

Jiandu [Skandha] (This phrasing is erroneous. The correct pronunciation is poshandu [vaskandha / skandha], translated here as 'aggregate'. After the Buddha passed into extinction, there was another renouncer of the brāhmaṇa caste named Kātyāyana who composed the Jñānaprasthāna-śāstra, which has eight skandhas; this is that).

38.83

Jubiantu [Kumbhāṇḍa] (Or said as jiupantu [kumbhāṇḍa]; it should be said as gongpantu. Its jar-like shape quite resembles a winter melon).

38.84

Zhuishuo [Awl-spear] (This is a popular character south of the Yangtze. The standard character form is 矟, fanqie: 山 + 卓. The Picang says: a shuo lance is one zhang and eight chi long).

38.85

Fascicle Two, Fascicle Three (Neither of the above two fascicles contains characters glossed).

38.86

Fascicle Four

38.87

Toudi [Head-butting] (Fanqie: 都 + 麗).

38.88

Daxi [Gasping] (Properly should be 哈, fanqie: 土 + 合).

38.89

Cuta [Trampling] (Fanqie: 唐 + 盍. The Shuowen says: ta means trampling. The scripture text has 祕, fanqie: 蒲 + 必. The Fangyan says: 祕 means to push; in southern Chu, pushing and grappling with each other is called 祕. The Guangya says: 祕 means to strike).

38.90

Fascicle Five, Fascicle Six (Neither has characters to be glossed for sound or meaning).

38.91

Mahāmegha Rain-Prayer Sūtra (Earlier translation by Jñānayaśas, in one fascicle)

38.92

Sounds by Xuanying

38.93

Pidie (Fanqie: 毗 + 亦). [黑*(企-止+ㄎ)]die (Fanqie: 烏 + 奚 and 香 + 利). Qimi (Fanqie: 去 + 冝). Tidan (Fanqie: 他 + 計). Anpo (Fanqie: 烏 + 感). Shaju (Fanqie: 所 + 加). Qiaxian (Fanqie: 女 + 咸). Yiru (Fanqie: 餘 + 世 and 而 + 注). Saxu (Fanqie: 之 + 忍). Luoshao (Fanqie: 市 + 饒). Shanzhu (Fanqie: 所 + 姧). Zirong (Fanqie: 而 + 勇). Xili (Fanqie: 香 + 伊). Didi (Fanqie: 丁 + 禮). Taifu (Fanqie: 徒 + 來). Chenchen (Fanqie: 恥 + 林). Nina (Fanqie: 乃 + 可).

38.94

Mahāmeghacakra Rain-Prayer Sūtra, Upper Fascicle (Translated by Narendrayaśas)

38.95

Xuanying

38.96

Haomei (Fanqie: 民 + 庇). Bili (Fanqie: 補 + 寐). Fouhuan (Fanqie: 芳 + 流). Zhenxue (Fanqie: 猪 + 金; for the second: 蒲 + 計). Chongchong (Fanqie: 勑 + 中). Roupo (Fanqie: 女 + 救).

38.97

Lower Fascicle (No characters glossed for sound or meaning).

38.98

Mahāvaipulya Lakṣaṇa-free Mahāmegha Rain-Prayer Sūtra (Later translation by Jñānayaśas, in one fascicle)

38.99

Sounds by Xuanying

38.100

Yinsheng [Rumble of thunder] (Also written as 𨏈 and 殷, both identical; fanqie: 於 + 近. The Tongsuwen says: the sound of thunder is called yin. The Picang says: fenyin means a loud sound).

38.101

Ziwei [Flavor / taste] (Ancient forms are 孖 and 稵, both identical; fanqie: 子 + 夷. Zi means to enrich; to moisten. In the scripture text it is written with the mouth radical as 嗞, meaning to sigh. It is also written as 孳, with two fanqie: 似 + 思 and 子 + 思; the Shuowen says: zi means diligently pressing forward. It is also written as 孜. The Fangyan says: in the region of eastern Chu, twins are called lizi).

38.102

Shixi (Fanqie: 勑 + 釐).

38.103

Yidie (Fanqie: 丑 + 一).

38.104

Zhanjin [Shivering with extreme cold] (Fanqie: 其 + 錦. Shivering with extreme cold. In the scripture text it is written as 噤, which is not the correct character form).

38.105

Danpi (Fanqie: 徒 + 感).

38.106

Luoxue (Fanqie: 蒲 + 閉).

38.107

Zhili (Fanqie: 居 + 𣅀).

38.108

Xili (Fanqie: 虛 + 基. In the scripture text it is written as 𮚿, which is erroneous).

38.109

Lushi (Fanqie: 所 + 猗).

38.110

Dige (Fanqie: 都 + 奚).

38.111

Mahāmeghacakra Rain-Prayer Sūtra (Translated by Tripiṭaka Master Amoghavajra of Daxingshan Monastery, in two fascicles)

38.112

Sounds by Huilin

38.113

Wubo [Upakarṇa] (Fanqie: 烏 + 古. The name of a dragon king).

38.114

Shuyu [Pouring rain] (Fanqie: 朱 + 樹. The Huainanzi says: When spring rains irrigate the ten thousand things, there is no ground that is not showered upon, and nothing that does not grow. The Shuowen says: composed with the water radical and 尌 as phonetic; pronounced the same as above. The Shuowen says: the character 雨 [rain] is pictographic).

38.115

Luofa Longwang [Spiral-Haired Dragon King] (Fanqie: 魯 + 和. This dragon king's hair is curled like a conch-topknot, resembling the form of a snail. The Shuowen says: the character 蠃 is composed with the insect radical and 𣎆 as phonetic; the character 𣎆 is composed with 亡, 口, 肉, and 凡, pronounced with the fanqie: 力 + 臥. In the scriptures it is mostly written as 螺, a colloquial character not found in the various character dictionaries).

38.116

Yiluoye [Elāpatra] (Fanqie: 伊 + 鷄. Also Sanskrit, the name of a dragon king. On the head of this dragon is an erā/elā tree).

38.117

Xiama [Toad] (The first is pronounced 霞; the second is pronounced 麻. The dragon king's form resembles a toad).

38.118

Niecuo [Gaccha] (Fanqie: 倉 + 何. Sanskrit).

38.119

Ningmin [Nimi / Nemi] (Fanqie for the first: 寧 + 頂; for the second: 弭 + 忍. Also Sanskrit; formerly called Nimin, an erroneous corruption).

38.120

蛟龍 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 交 [jiāo]. Guo [Pu]'s commentary to the Shanhaijing states: "The flood-dragon resembles a snake but has four legs, a small head, and a slender neck. Around its neck is a white torque. The largest reach ten-odd spans in circumference. It lays eggs and hatches young [that grow] like one or two hu earthen jars, and it can swallow humans." The Shuowen says: "A type of dragon. Analyzed as semantic 虫 and phonetic 交." The lower character, 龍, is explained in the Shuowen: "The chief of scaly creatures. It can become hidden or manifest, enormous or minute, short or long. At the spring equinox it ascends to heaven, and at the autumn equinox it submerges into the abyss. It has the appearance of taking flight. Analyzed as semantic 肉 and phonetic 童 abbreviated.")

38.121

雲戟 (Pronounced with the fanqie 京逆 [jì]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the Zhouli says: "A halberd (戟) is a dagger-axe (戈)." Here it is also the name of a nāga king. The Shuowen says that the character 戟 is analyzed as semantic 戈 and semantic [卓*人]. Today it is vulgarly written with 卓 for convenience.)

38.122

盎祁羅 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 烏浪 [àng]; the lower character has the sound 祇 [qí]. This is also Sanskrit, the name of a nāga king [Aṅgira].)

38.123

閃電 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 苫冉 [shǎn]; the lower character has the sound 殿 [diàn]. Flash of lightning (閃電) refers to the illumination that appears just before thunder and lightning are about to strike. In the lower fascicle, 腅電 has the same meaning as the flash of lightning (閃電) above.)

38.124

雲雹 (The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 疣邈 [bó]. The Baihu tong says: "Hail (雹) implies 'coalescing' (合). The concentrated essence of yin qi condenses and coalesces into hail." Zheng Xuan's commentary to the Liji says: "Yang becomes rain; yin arises to press against it, congealing and consolidating it into hail.")

38.125

咄咄 (Pronounced with the fanqie 頓訥 [duò]. 咄咄 denotes crying out to one another in exclamation.)

38.126

叢林 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 族公 [cóng]. The Shuowen says: "叢 means gathering together. Analyzed as semantic 丵 and phonetic 取." 丵 is pronounced with the fanqie 士角 [zhuó].)

38.127

Lower fascicle (has no characters requiring pronunciation or explanation).

38.128

Jingang guangyan zhi fengyu tuoluoni jing (Dhāraṇī Sūtra of the Vajra Radiance for Stopping Wind and Rain)

38.129

Sounds by Huilin

38.130

靉靆 (The upper character has the sound 愛 [ài]; the lower character has the sound 逮 [dài]. Wang Yi's commentary to the Chuci says: "The sun and moon are obscure and dim (晻黕), lacking light." The Picang says: "Dark and unclear." The Guangcang sometimes writes it with 日 as 曖曃. The correct ancient and modern characters are both written with 雲 as phono-semantic graphs.)

38.131

嵐颲 (The upper character has the sound 藍 [lán]. This character 嵐 is not found in the various earlier character lexicons; it was originally the name of a northern mountain, namely the place in Lanzhou that yields timber. It is also northern nomadic speech. In the Xiaochang era of the Later Wei, the garrison fortress of Kelan was established in this place—岢 is pronounced 可 [kě]. West of the fortress is a mountain with frequent fierce winds; hence this mountain was named Lan Mountain (嵐山), and from this the character 嵐 was devised in written texts. The Later Zhou, following the garrison fortress of Kelan, accordingly converted it into Lanzhou, located northwest of Taiyuan. The Yunquan says: "嵐 is mountain wind." The lower character has the sound 列 [liè]. The Shenglei says: "A fierce and sharp wind is called 颲 wind." The Shuowen says: "䬆颲 means the appearance of violent and sudden wind and rain. Analyzed as semantic 風 and phonetic 列. 䬆 is pronounced with the fanqie 隣一 [lìn], analyzed with ［禾+刂］." )

38.132

驟澍 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 愁瘦 [zhòu]. Jia [Kui]'s commentary to the Guoyu says: "驟 means swift." The Guangya says: "To gallop." Du [Yu]'s commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "Frequent." The Shuowen says: "A horse galloping swiftly. Analyzed as semantic 馬 and phonetic 聚." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 朱樹 [shù]. The Huainanzi says: "When the spring rain irrigates and soaks (灌澍), there is nothing that does not grow." The Shuowen says: "Timely rain irrigating and soaking (澍) produces all things. Analyzed as semantic 水 and phonetic 尌." 尌 has the sound 樹 [shù].)

38.133

霹靂 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 俜壁 [pī]; the lower character has the sound 歷 [lì]. Gu Yewang says: "霹靂 is a great thunderclap." The Shiji says: "The clashing and surging of yin and yang qi." In standard ancient and modern writing, both are phono-semantic graphs written with 雨, or sometimes with 石 as 礔礰. Both are recent forms not found in the ancient script.)

38.134

八十朵 (Pronounced with the fanqie 當果 [duǒ]. The Kaosheng says: "The appearance of branches drooping down." The Shuowen says: "Trees drooping down朵朵. Analyzed as semantic 木, picturing the drooping appearance; it shares the meaning of 垂 (droop)." It is not a standard character; the vulgar form using 刀 is an erroneous abbreviation, an error.)

38.135

猝[日/出/大/((犀-尸)-牛+十)] (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 村訥 [cù]. The Guangya says: "猝 means sudden, abrupt." The Shenglei says: "Swift." The Kaosheng says: "In a rush." The Shuowen says: "A dog dashing out from the grass to chase humans. Analyzed as semantic 犬 and phonetic 卒." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 袍冒 [bào]. The Mao Commentary to the Shijing says: "[日/出/大/((犀-尸)-牛+十)] means swift." The Guangya says: "Abrupt." The Jixun says: "Speedy." The Shuowen says: "Rushing toward an objective. Analyzed as semantic 半 (pronounced 滔) and phonetic [日/出/大/((犀-尸)-牛+十)] abbreviated." [日/出/大/((犀-尸)-牛+十)] is analyzed as semantic 曰, semantic 出, semantic 廾, and semantic 半, being an associative compound.)

38.136

撚為 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 季典 [niǎn]. The Fangyan says: "撚 means to twist and join." The Shenglei says: "To twist strands tightly." The Shuowen says: "To hold. Analyzed as semantic 手 and phonetic 然.")

38.137

素捏 (Pronounced with the fanqie 年結 [niē]. The Picang says: "揑 means to knead and mold." The Gujin zhengzi says: "揑 means to knead, press, and blend together. Analyzed as semantic 手 and phonetic 圼." 圼 has the same sound as above; 摷 is pronounced with the fanqie 責交 [jiǎo]; 捺 is pronounced with the fanqie 難怛 [nà]; 探 is pronounced with the fanqie 他含 [tān].)

38.138

麫𣸈 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 眠遍 [miàn]. Gu Yewang says: "In Shu, wood shavings of the sugar palm are made into flour (麫)." The Kaosheng says: "麫 is coarse flour (𥽘)." The Shuowen says: "Wheat flour. Analyzed as semantic 麥 and phonetic 丐." 丐 is pronounced with the fanqie 彌演 [miǎn]. In the sūtra text it is written with 靣, which is a vulgar character; 𥽘 and 粖 are both pronounced with the fanqie 滿鉢 [mǒ]. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 沙有 [shǒu]. The Kaosheng says: "𣸈 means to blend." The Shuowen says: "To soak and moisten. Analyzed as semantic 水 and phonetic [宋-木+(癸-天+又)]." Sometimes it is written with 米 as [米*叟]. 叜 is pronounced with the fanqie 桑厚 [sǒu]. The vulgar usage as 溲 is an error.)

38.139

櫁木 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 民畢 [mì]. The Picang says: "櫁 is the name of a fragrant wood." Note: The mī-wood resembles white sandalwood and can be used to extract perfume. In all cases one must fell the wood in advance, and only after a long time will the fragrance come forth. An inscription says: 'The mī-wood is a very large tree; if one wishes to obtain its fragrance, it must span years.' The Wenzidian shuo also says: 'A fragrant wood. Analyzed as semantic 木 and phonetic 蜜.' The sūtra text writes it with 必 as 榓, which is also commonly accepted in vulgar usage.)

38.140

躑髑花 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 呈戟 [zhí]; the next is pronounced with the fanqie 重錄 [zhú]. The Bencao says: "The 'sheep-faltering' (羊躑躅, rhododendron) is highly toxic. Its flowers are gathered in the third month; the flowers are yellow or five-coloured. When sheep mistakenly eat its flowers or leaves, they falter and die; hence it was given this name." In standard ancient and modern writing, both characters are phono-semantic graphs with 足; it is also written as 蹢躅.)

38.141

蜈蚣 (The upper character has the sound 吳 [wú]; the lower character has the sound 公 [gōng]. The Bencao says: "The centipede is a venomous creature that can consume all kinds of snakes and slay ghosts and ancient demons. It occurs in Jiangnan, though it is found everywhere, breeding in decaying piles of vegetation. By nature it can subdue snakes: it climbs straight onto the snake's back and bites its brain. Those with red heads and red legs are the best; those with yellow legs are useless. If it bites a human, applying mulberry juice mixed with white salt will heal it immediately." The Guangya says: "The jiju is the centipede; the large ones are five or six inches long, with more than a hundred legs." In standard ancient and modern writing, both are phono-semantic graphs with 虫.)

38.142

蚰蜒 (The upper character has the sound 由 [yóu]; the lower character has the sound 延 [yán]. The Guiyuan zhucong says: "The house centipede (蚰蜒) is a multi-legged venomous creature." The Fangyan says: "From the Hangu Pass eastward, between Song and Wei, it is called 螾𧎘; east of Liang and Song, it is called 入耳 ('ear-enterer'); in Northern Yan it is called 𧈳蚭." In the collected commentaries on the Erya, Li Xun says: "The large blue-green ones are called 螾𧎘; the small yellow ones are called 入耳. The people of Qi call it 距窮; the people of Zhao call it 蛈虶; it is also called 長囇. These are all variant names for the house centipede (蚰蜒)." In standard ancient and modern writing, both are phono-semantic graphs.)

38.143

狖貍 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 攸幼 [yòu]; it is sometimes written as 蜼. The Erya says: "The 蜼 has an upturned nose and a long tail." Guo [Pu]'s commentary says: "It resembles a macaque but is larger and dark grey-black, with a tail several feet long. Before rain, its upturned nose is exposed upward; when it rains, it hangs upside down from a tree, covering its nose with its tail." The Gujin zhengzi writes it as 蜼, pronounced with the fanqie 余秀 [yòu], analyzed as semantic 虫 and phonetic 隹. Note that 狖 is also the ancient character for 蜼, analyzed as semantic 犬 and semantic 宀 [mián], formed with the ancient character for 人 as an associative compound. The lower character, 貍, is pronounced with the fanqie 里知 [lí]. Note that the 貍 is the wild leopard cat (狸) of the human world, resembling a civet cat with a pointed mouth and white at the tip of its tail. The Shuowen says: "A lurking beast, resembling a small leopard. Analyzed as semantic 豸 and phonetic 里." 貙 is pronounced with the fanqie 勅俱 [chū]; 昂釐 is pronounced 离 [lí]. The sūtra text writes it with 虫 as 蝣 and with 鼠 as 𪖂, which was mistakenly written by the translator of the sūtra; neither is the original character, but mere hasty fabrications.)

38.144

鼷鼠 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 形雞 [xī]. Gu Yewang says: "This is the 'sweet-mouthed mouse' (鼷鼠). When it feeds on humans, birds, or beasts, even if it eats them away entirely, they feel no pain and remain unaware. The Chunqiu commentary says: 'Mice gnawed the horns of the sacrificial oxen,' which refers to this." The Shuowen says: "A tiny mouse. Analyzed as semantic 鼠 and phonetic 奚.")

38.145

Jingang guangyan zhi fengyu jing (Second translation; translated by the Tripiṭaka Master Amoghavajra of Daxingshan Monastery)

38.146

Sounds by Huilin

38.147

搏逐 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 補莫 [bó]. Du [Yu]'s commentary to the Zuo zhuan says: "搏 means to grasp." The Shenglei says: "To seize." The Shuowen says: "To seize and hold. Analyzed as semantic 手 and phonetic 博 abbreviated.")

38.148

鐵橛 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 天結 [tiě]. The Shuowen says: "Black metal. Analyzed as semantic 金 and phonetic 𢧜." 𢧜 is pronounced with the fanqie 田結 [tiě]. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 權月 [jué]. The Guangya says: "A stake (橛) is a peg (杙)." The Shuowen also says: "A stake. Analyzed as semantic 木 and phonetic 厥." In the sūtra it is written as 橜, which is also commonly interchangeable.)

38.149

幔幕 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 滿半 [màn]. The Kaosheng says: "A 幔 is a hanging screen (帷)." The Guangya says: "A screen spread over as a canopy." The Shuowen also says: "A curtain. Analyzed as semantic 巾 and phonetic 曼." 曼 has the sound 萬 [màn]. The sūtra text writes it with 糸 as 縵, which is not suitable here. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 忙博 [mù]. The Guangya says: "A 幕 is a tent canopy." The Shuowen says: "A curtain placed above is called 幕; 幕 is like a cover. Analyzed as semantic 巾 and phonetic 莫.")

38.150

茅齋 (The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 側階 [zhāi]. Zheng [Xuan]'s commentary to the Liji says: "齋 means solemn and dignified." It also says: "齋 is the utmost in purity and clarity." Note: A thatched chamber (茅齋) is a purified hut of grass, where one purifies the mind, observes discipline, expounds the Way, practices diligently, and receives distinguished guests. The Shuowen says: "Abstinence and purification. Analyzed as semantic 示 and phonetic 齊.")

38.151

憩息 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 卿又 [qì]. The commentary to the Shijing says: "憩 also means to rest." In the Gujin zhengzi it is analyzed as semantic 息 and semantic 舌, being an associative compound.)

38.152

湫所 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 酒猶 [jiǔ]. Note: A 湫 is a great dragon pool, mostly situated in mountain forests, hills, and ravines, where collapsed cliffs dam up the valleys to form large, deep pools. It is a deep abyss where dragon deities dwell, which neither humans nor beasts dare disturb. When prayed to, it responds miraculously, at times stirring winds and thunder or bringing down timely, sweet rains to moisten the fields and crops. Examples include the Yaonan Pool in Binzhou of the Qin Mountains, the Yangban Pool in Yunyang, and the Nantan Ravine Pool, and such pools exist in mountain forests everywhere.)

38.153

[夕*巴]轉 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 宛阮 [wǎn]. The Shuowen says: "宛轉 means to lie curled up. Analyzed as semantic 夕, and because lying down has postures (節), it takes semantic 卩." 卩 is pronounced 節 [jié]; it is an associative compound. In the sūtra it is written with 足 as 踠, which is incorrect.)

38.154

揮擊 (The upper character has the sound 暉 [huī]. The Guangya says: "揮 means to wave and brandish." The Zijing says: "To move the hand." The Kaosheng says: "To shake." The Shuowen says: "To brandish. Analyzed as semantic 手 and phonetic 軍." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 經亦 [jī]; it is a vulgar character, its standard form being 𣪠. The Guangya says: "To knock, beat, mallet, and strike (擊)." The Kaosheng says: "To attack; to strike." Gu Yewang says: "To hit; to beat." The Shuowen says: "To beat with a staff. Analyzed as semantic 手 and phonetic 𣪠." 𣪠 has the same sound as above; 敲 is pronounced with the fanqie 巧交 [qiāo]; the bottom of the character 奮 has 田; 椎 is pronounced with the fanqie 直追 [zhuī]; 𣪊 with 木 is pronounced with the fanqie 苦角 [kè]; 捶 is pronounced with the fanqie 之水 [chuí].)

38.155

Galuona wang zhoufa jing (Sūtra of the Incantation Rites of King Garuḍa)

38.156

Sounds by Huilin

38.157

蛇螫 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 時遮 [shé]. The Shuowen says: "Belonging to the insect class yet elongated, picturing a sinuous, drooping tail." Ancients wrote it as 它, also pronounced 他 [tā]. In high antiquity, humans lived in caves and dwelt in the wilderness; thus when inquiring about each other they would ask: 'Is there any other [danger] (得無他乎)?' In the sūtra text it is written as 虵, which is a variant clerical form used in contemporary writing. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 聲亦 [shì], or also with the sound 郝 [shì]; both are acceptable.)

38.158

掬𣀙 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 引六 [jū]. The Kaosheng says: "掬 means to take up." The Gujin zhengzi analyzes it as semantic 手, a phono-semantic graph. The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 珊旦 [sǎn]. The Shuowen says: "To separate. Analyzed as semantic 攴 and phonetic 林." 林 is pronounced with the fanqie 並賣 [bài]; 林 carries the meaning of dispersal. Nowadays it is also written with 肉. 珊 is pronounced with the fanqie 桑單 [shān].)

38.159

無鏃箭 (Pronounced with the fanqie 宗木 [zú]. The Yunquan says: "An arrowhead." The Wenzijilüe says: "鏃 is an arrowhead; the metal of an arrow." The Shuowen says: "To pierce. Analyzed as semantic 金 and phonetic 族." It has other pronunciations, but none are adopted here.)

38.160

欶毒 (Pronounced with the fanqie 雙捉 [shuò]. The Cang Jie pian says: "欶 means to sip." The Shuowen says: "To suck. Analyzed as semantic 欠 and phonetic 束." 歃 is pronounced with the fanqie 衫甲 [shà]. The sūtra text writes it with 朔 as 朔, which does not constitute a character; it is a vulgar usage.)

38.161

𪇑猴 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 暉運 [hùn]; the lower character has the sound 侯 [hóu]. This is the collared scops owl (鵂鶹), an ominous bird. It hides by day and flies by night, crying out its own name. It is as large as a kite, ash-speckled in colour, with talons like an eagle and red copper-coloured eyes. When it suddenly cries out without cause, there will surely be misfortune or calamity. Through dialectal shifts, it originally had no fixed name: 𪇑猴, 𪇑鶘, and 鵂鶹 have different pronunciations but the same meaning, all referring to one and the same bird. Since the definite term is not clear, all are cited here.)

38.162

曬翄 (The upper character is pronounced with the fanqie 所隘 [shài]. The Shuowen says: "曬 means to dry in the sun. Analyzed as semantic 日 and phonetic 麗." The lower character is pronounced with the fanqie 尸二 [chì]. The Shuowen says: "A bird's wings. Analyzed as semantic 羽 and phonetic 支." It is also written as 翅, being of the same kind.)

38.163

𪃹鴒 (The upper character has the sound 脊 [jí]; the lower character has the sound 零 [líng]. It is also written as 鶺鴒, both referring to the same bird [the wagtail].)

38.164

Vajradaṇḍa Ritual

38.165

𡍗裂 (ná dǎo fan [nǎo]; the Shuowen says: "Head marrow." It is composed of 匕 with [巢-果+(离-禸)] phonetic; [巢-果+(离-禸)] has the same sound as above, pictographic: 巛 depicts hair; the lower part 囟 has the sound xìn, depicting the unfused top of the head, like an infant's fontanelle).

38.166

作劇 (qíng nì fan [jí]; Guo's commentary to the Fangyan says: "Jù means extreme." The Yunquan says: "The culmination of joy." The Shuowen: "Composed of 刀 with 豦 phonetic; 豦 has the sound qú; the Shuowen says: 'Composed of 虍 with the sound hū, with 豕 below.'" The popular character written with 處 as [刑-廾+(皮-又+(工/勿))] is an error).

38.167

街中 (The upper character is gé yái fan [jiē]; the Kaosheng says: "A thoroughfare in a metropolis." The Shuowen: "A crossroads reaching in four directions. Composed of 行 with 圭 phonetic").

38.168

打摑 (guǎ bó fan [guā]; a popular character commonly used nowadays. The standard form in the Shuowen is written 𢼛, composed of 支 with an abbreviated 格 phonetic. The Guangya says: "𢼛 means to strike." The Picang says: "To strike the cheek." Gu Yewang says: "Today's vernacular expression guǎěr ['slap the ear'] is this." The standard form was originally a phonogram and extremely logical; being ancient, it is not much used nowadays, but if one can follow it, it has great authority).

38.169

畫焰摩羅棓 (páng jiǎng fan [bàng]; the Shuowen says: "A large staff. Composed of 木, a phonogram." The sūtra writing it with 奉 as 棒 is a popular character with no origin).

38.170

撲碎 (The upper character is páng miǎo fan [pū]; the Kaosheng says: "To seize and dash to the ground." The Guangya: "Pū means to strike." The Zishu says: "Two people grappling with each other." The Gujin zhengzi: "Composed of 手 with 菐 phonetic; 菐 has the sound bǔ").

38.171

綿纏 (xiān jiàn fan [xiàn]; a popular character; the standard form is 綫, meaning thread).

38.172

蝸[蠃-亡+(└@人)] (The upper character is guǎ huá fan [guā]; Gu Yewang says: "A snail." The lower character is lì gē fan [luó]; the Jixun says: "Luó is a large snail that comes from the sea." It was explained previously by counting).

38.173

Rājavajra-āveśa Ritual of Garuḍarāja Spoken by Maheśvaradeva

38.174

黶記 (yī yǎn fan [yǎn]; the Shuowen says: "Yǎn means a black mole. Composed of 黑 with 厭 phonetic." The sūtra text writing it with 土 as 壓 is incorrect).

38.175

豆蔻 (hǒu gòu fan [kòu]; the Bencao says: "Pungent in taste, non-toxic; it can cure epigastric and abdominal pain and also treats halitosis. It grows in the Southern Sea and Jiaozhi; its sprouts resemble ginger, its flowers are white, and its sprout roots and seeds also resemble Alpinia japonica; this is the tree-borne variety, whose seeds are like pellets. There is also the caodoukou [Alpinia katsumadai], which comes from foreign countries, with small white seeds like small sour jujubes, pungent in taste and very fragrant; holding and chewing them after each meal perfumes the mouth and treats qi congestion in the chest and diaphragm").

38.176

Chapter on the Garuḍa King of the Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa-mahārājasūtra

38.177

龍齧 (The lower character is yán jié fan [niè]; the Shuowen: "Niè means to bite. Composed of 齒 with 㓞 phonetic; 㓞 is qiān bā fan." The sūtra writing it with 口 as 嚙 is a popular character, devoid of etymological sense).

38.178

[土*未]香 (mǎn bō fan [mò]; the Guangya says: "[土*未] means dust." Note: powdered incense is made by blending several fragrant aromatics and pounding them into powder, which is scattered in the bodhimanda, rubbed onto the body, hands, and face, and sprinkled into garments, hence called powdered incense. It is widely used in foreign lands, and nowadays people in this country sometimes imitate it. The sūtra writing it with 米 as 粖 is incorrect).

38.179

濺灑 (The upper character is jiān xiàn fan [jiān]; a popular character. The Kaosheng says: "Jiān means to sprinkle water." The standard form in the Shuowen is written with 贊 as 灒; 灒 means to spatter and sprinkle. Here in this sūtra it refers to scattering and sprinkling fragrant water for purification. The lower character is shā jiǎ fan [sǎ]; its gloss and meaning are the same as the above).

38.180

閃爍 (The upper character is kǔ rǎn fan [shǎn]; the Shuowen says: "The appearance of peeking one's head through a doorway. An ideogram and also a phonogram; it is composed of a person peeking through a doorway." The lower character is shāng zhuó fan [shuò]; the meaning in the sūtra is flickering and unsettled).

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枷杻 (The upper character has the sound jiā; the lower character has the sound chǒu. The Kaosheng says: "Jiā is a cangue; chǒu are manacles. These are all implements for binding and restraining. A wooden block on the neck is called a jiā; on the hands it is called chǒu." The Shuowen has the same meaning. Both characters are composed of 木, with 加 and 丑 as phonetics).

38.182

及梟 (jiǎo yáo fan [xiāo]; Zheng's commentary to the Shijing says: "A bird of ominous sound." The Gujin zhengzi: "Composed of 鳥 atop 木, an ideogram. It is an owl (chīxiāo), not an unfilial bird").

38.183

薏苡 (The upper character has the sound yì; the lower character has the sound yǐ. Gu Yewang says: "Yìyǐ is Job's tears (Coix lacryma-jobi)." The Bencao says: "The name of a medicine; eating the fruit of yìyǐ benefits the qi." The Gujin zhengzi: "Both are composed of 草 with 意 and 以 as phonetics; the standard form is written 𦺳").

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髑髏 (The upper character has the sound dú; the lower character has the sound lóu [skull]).

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蝦蟇 (The upper character is xià jiā fan [xiā]; the lower character is mǎ bā fan [má]. The Cangjie pian says: "Yánzhū [toad], also called wā [frog]." The Gujin zhengzi gives the same meaning. Both characters are composed of 虫 with 叚 and 莫 as their phonetics. The standard form of 蟇 is 蟆, or written 𢋙; the sūtra writes it as 䗫, a popular character).

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鵰翎 (The upper character is niǎo liáo fan [diāo]; the lower character is lì dīng fan [líng]. The Kaosheng says: "Líng means bird feathers").

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縈繞 (The upper character is yī yíng fan [yíng]; the lower character is ráo shǎo fan [rào]. The Mao Commentary to the Shijing says: "Yíng means to wind around." The Shuowen: "Yíng means to draw together and wind around; composed of 糸 with an abbreviated 熒 phonetic." Rào means to entangle; composed of 糸 with 堯 phonetic).

Linked texts (1)

一切經音義 — 慧琳, Classical Chinese